| nonlabeled quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for bacterial detection using carbohydrate and lectin recognitions. | high percentages of harmful microbes or their secreting toxins bind to specific carbohydrate sequences on human cells at the recognition and attachment sites. a number of studies also show that lectins react with specific structures of bacteria and fungi. in this report, we take advantage of the fact that a high percentage of microorganisms have both carbohydrate and lectin binding pockets at their surface. we demonstrate here for the first time that a carbohydrate nonlabeled mass sensor in comb ... | 2007 | 17295446 |
| acid-catalyzed synthesis of oxathiolone fused chalcones. comparison of their activity toward various microorganisms and human cancer cells line. | substituted oxathiolone fused chalcones were prepared by condensation of 4-acetyl-5-methoxy-2-oxo-benz[1,3]oxathiole with benzaldehydes under acidic conditions. the compounds were tested for cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and tuberculostatic activity. three derivatives demonstrated weak activity against hela cells, two were slightly active against micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus, and one was active against mycobacterium tuberculosis h(37)rv. | 2007 | 17300856 |
| development of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in bacteria exposed to residue level exposures of antimicrobial drugs, pesticides and veterinary drugs. | ten ppb or less of antibacterial drugs, pesticides and veterinary drugs could increase antibacterial resistance in bacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was the indicator of resistance and staphylococcus aureus atcc 9144 the indicator organism. seventeen compounds used in human, veterinary medicine, crop production, and found in the environment, were studied singly, and as combinations. single compounds decreased mic values in 5.3% of possibilities; showed no changes in 74.4% of v ... | 2007 | 17310119 |
| carbamidocyclophanes a-e, chlorinated paracyclophanes with cytotoxic and antibiotic activity from the vietnamese cyanobacterium nostoc sp. | five new paracyclophanes, carbamidocyclophanes a-e (1-5), characterized by carbamido side chains at a symmetric [7.7]paracyclophane ring, have been isolated from the biomass of the vietnamese nostoc sp. cavn 10. structure elucidation by spectroscopic methods showed that 1-5 vary in the substitution pattern of the chlorinated butyl side chains. the compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against mcf-7 (breast cancer cell line) and fl cells (human amniotic epithelial cell line) and moderate antibac ... | 2007 | 17311455 |
| antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin simulating epithelial lining fluid concentrations against community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | current north american guidelines advocate the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones for the empirical management of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). while community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) has emerged as a pathogen frequently encountered in skin and skin structure infections, it has also now been recognised as a causative pathogen in cap. since fluoroquinolones may be used empirically to treat unsuspected ca-mrsa pneumonia, the objective of this study was ... | 2007 | 17324004 |
| electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. | standard methods to identify microbial contaminants in the environment are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. this study investigated electrochemical detection of microbial contaminants using commercially available, hand-held instruments. electrochemical assays were developed for a red tide dinoflagellate (karenia brevis), fecal-indicating bacteria (enterococcus spp.), markers indicative of human sources of fecal pollution (human cluster bacteroides and the esp gene of enter ... | 2007 | 17328925 |
| inactivation of a subpopulation of human neutrophils by exposure to ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene wear debris. | polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a first line of defence against invading microbial pathogens, may be attracted by inflammatory mediators triggered by ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (uhmwpe) wear particles released from orthopaedic prostheses. phagocytosis of uhmwpe particles by neutrophils may indirectly compromise their phagocytic-bactericidal mechanisms, thus enhancing host susceptibility to microbial infections. in an in vitro assay, pre-exposure of purified human neutrophils to uhmwp ... | 2007 | 17343684 |
| involvement of alpha5beta1-integrin and tnf-alpha in staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin-induced death of epithelial cells. | staphylococcus aureus causes suppurative infections which are often associated with tissue destruction and cell death. in the present study, we investigated the molecular and cellular basis of s. aureus-induced apoptosis and death in a human lung epithelial cell line (a549). we found that staphylococcal alpha-toxin is an important mediator of cytotoxicity in these epithelial cells. specifically, we found that downregulating alpha-toxin production eliminated the cytotoxicity of s. aureus, whereas ... | 2007 | 17359518 |
| diversity in staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. | the molecular mechanism of staphylococcus aureus phathogenicity is complex and involves several toxins, including the famous staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1). although these toxins were discovered in specific clinical contexts of food poisoning and menstrual toxic shock syndrome, they share common biochemical and biological properties. as superantigens they are able to massively activate mononuclear cells and t cells regardless of the antigenic specificit ... | 2007 | 17369698 |
| the sapis: mobile pathogenicity islands of staphylococcus. | the sapis are 15- to 17-kb mobile pathogenicity islands in staphylococci. they usually carry two or more superantigens and are responsible for most superantigen-related human diseases, especially staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. sapis are extremely common in staphylococcus aureus, with all but one of the sequenced genomes containing one or more. the sapis have a highly conserved overall genome organization, parallel to that of typical temperate phages. each occupies a specific chromosomal si ... | 2007 | 17369699 |
| role of staphylococcal superantigens in airway disease. | gram-positive staphylococcus aureus germs constitutively have the possibility to release classical and egc-locus-derived enterotoxins which show superantigen activity, and effectively modify the functions of t and b cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory and structural cells. the stimulation may lead to a type 2 t helper cell-polarized eosinophilic inflammation as well as a multiclonal ige production, aggravating airway disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract. recently, s. aureus ha ... | 2007 | 17369708 |
| paired ig-like receptors bind to bacteria and shape tlr-mediated cytokine production. | the innate immune system uses a wide variety of pattern recognition receptors including tlrs, scavenger receptors, and lectins to identify potential pathogens. a carefully regulated balance between activation and inhibition must be kept to avoid detrimental and inappropriate inflammatory responses. in this study, we identify murine-paired ig-like receptor (pir)-b, and its human orthologs ig-like transcript 2 and ig-like transcript 5 as novel receptors for staphylococcus aureus. pir-b contains fo ... | 2007 | 17371981 |
| myd88-dependent signals are essential for the host immune response in experimental brain abscess. | brain abscesses form in response to a parenchymal infection by pyogenic bacteria, with staphylococcus aureus representing a common etiologic agent of human disease. numerous receptors that participate in immune responses to bacteria, including the majority of tlrs, the il-1r, and the il-18r, use a common adaptor molecule, myd88, for transducing activation signals leading to proinflammatory mediator expression and immune effector functions. to delineate the importance of myd88-dependent signals i ... | 2007 | 17372011 |
| inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in sepsis. | the serine-threonine protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase (gsk)-3 is involved in the regulation of many cell functions, but its role in the regulation of the inflammatory response is unknown. here we investigate the effects of gsk-3beta inhibition on organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxaemia or severe inflammation in the rat. rats received either intravenous escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) (6 mg/kg) or lps (1mg/kg) plus staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (pepg) (0.3mg/kg) or ... | 2007 | 17380792 |
| an effective computerized reminder for contact isolation of patients colonized or infected with resistant organisms. | to improve contact isolation rates among patients admitted to the hospital with a known history of infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). | 2008 | 17398145 |
| inhibition of breast cancer cell adhesion and bone metastasis by the extracellular adherence protein of staphylococcus aureus. | bone metastasis is a common sequelae of breast cancer and the interaction of alpha v beta3-integrin with osteopontin (opn) found in the extracellular matrix of mineralized tissues is implicated in this process. the integrin-dependent proadhesive and promigratory functions of opn are particularly attributed to the 40 kd n-terminal fragment that derives upon matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) cleavage. based on the broad repertoire of interactions between staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence ... | 2007 | 17418809 |
| antibacterial activity of two canthin-6-one alkaloids from allium neapolitanum. | the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of many human pathogens has led to an urgent need for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents. as part of an ongoing investigation into the antibacterial properties of the alliaceae, the isolation of 1 (canthin-6-one), 2 (8-hydroxy-canthin-6-one) and 3 (5(zeta)-hydroxy-octadeca-6(e)-8(z)-dienioc acid)) from a. neapolitanum, a perennial bulbous herb found in open pastures of the mediterranean is reported. compounds 1 and 2 were isolat ... | 2007 | 17421058 |
| a functional nadph oxidase prevents caspase involvement in the clearance of phagocytic neutrophils. | neutrophils play a prominent role in host defense. phagocytosis of bacteria leads to the formation of an active nadph oxidase complex that generates reactive oxygen species for bactericidal purposes. a critical step in the resolution of inflammation is the uptake of neutrophils by macrophages; however, there are conflicting reports on the mechanisms leading to the apoptosis of phagocytic neutrophils. the aim of this study was to clarify the role of effector caspases in these processes. caspase a ... | 2007 | 17438039 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin b increases tim4 expression in human dendritic cells that drives naïve cd4 t cells to differentiate into th2 cells. | aberrant t helper (th)2 polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders; the etiology remains unclear. dendritic cells (dcs) express t cell immunoglobulin mucin domain (tim)4 that ligates tim1 on cd4 t cells to drive them to become th2 cells, but the pathogenic source of tim4 is unknown. here we report that a significant increase in tim4 expression in human dcs was observed in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) stimulation via toll-like receptor (tlr)2 an ... | 2007 | 17439824 |
| dnase1l2 suppresses biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. | the formation of biofilms, which is an important step in bacterial colonization, can be inhibited by deoxyribonuclease (dnase)-mediated breakdown of extracellular dna. we have recently demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes strongly express dnase1-like 2 (dnase1l2) in a differentiation-associated manner. | 2007 | 17459041 |
| development of novel plasmid vectors and a promoter trap system in francisella tularensis compatible with the pfln10 based plasmids. | francisella tularensis is a category a bioterror pathogen which in some cases can cause a severe and fatal human infection. very few virulence factors are known in this species due to the difficulty in working with it as well as the lack of tools for genetic manipulation. this work describes the construction of a shuttle vector that can replicate in escherichia coli and f. tularensis as well as two distinct promoter trap constructs based on the shuttle vector backbone. replication in f. tularens ... | 2007 | 17459476 |
| retrospective detection of methicillin resistant and susceptible staphylococcus aureus st398 in danish slaughter pigs. | this retrospective study documents the first detection in danish pigs of methicillin resistant and susceptible variants of the staphylococcus aureus lineage st398, which was previously described among pigs, pig farmers and veterinary staff in the netherlands as well as in human patients and infected animals in europe. ten out of 100 pigs tested were shown to carry st398 in the nasal cavity and two out of three farms tested were positive. the 10 porcine st398 isolates had spa type t034 (n=9) and ... | 2007 | 17467199 |
| how relevant were the models used to measure the impact of panton-valentine leukocidin in human staphylococcal infections? | | 2007 | 17471444 |
| synthesis of isomeric, oxathiolone fused chalcones, and comparison of their activity toward various microorganisms and human cancer cells line. | isomeric oxathiolone fused chalcones were prepared by condensation of appropriate acetylbenzo[1,3]oxathiol-2-ones with benzaldehydes under acidic conditions. the synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity using hela cells, as well as for antibacterial activity against micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, antifungal activity against candida albicans, and tuberculostatic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h( ... | 2007 | 17473478 |
| diseases pets and people share. | having a companion animal such as a dog, cat, or pocket pet is increasingly popular in the united states. with more human-animal interactions come additional opportunities for disease exchange. this article highlights common zoonoses associated with pets and provides recommendations for preventing disease transmission, including hand hygiene, client or patient education, and appropriate pet care. the article also discusses human diseases in which animals may be mistakenly implicated as the sourc ... | 2007 | 17494538 |
| association between nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and the human complement cascade activator serine protease c1 inhibitor (c1inh) valine vs. methionine polymorphism at amino acid position 480. | staphylococcus aureus produces compounds that interfere with complement deposition. we hypothesized that humans have developed countermeasures to staphylococcal complement evasion and we screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serine protease c1 inhibitor (c1inh) gene at amino acid position 480 (valine vs. methionine) and nasal carriage of s. aureus. in our study cohort, 38 individuals were persistently colonized by s. aureus, whereas 50 were invariably culture-negative. a trend was ... | 2007 | 17498209 |
| the site of action of oxazolidinone antibiotics in living bacteria and in human mitochondria. | the oxazolidinones are one of the newest classes of antibiotics. they inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis. the mechanism of oxazolidinone action and the precise location of the drug binding site in the ribosome are unknown. we used a panel of photoreactive derivatives to identify the site of action of oxazolidinones in the ribosomes of bacterial and human cells. the in vivo crosslinking data were used to model the position of the oxazolidinone molecule within its bindi ... | 2007 | 17499045 |
| high-efficiency recovery of target cells using improved yeast display system for detection of protein-protein interactions. | we constructed a high-throughput screening (hts) system for target cells based on the detection of protein-protein interactions by flow cytometric sorting due to the improvement in the yeast cell surface display system. interaction model proteins, which are the zz domain derived from staphylococcus aureus and the fc part of human immunoglobulin g (igg), were displayed on the yeast cell surface. we achieved a rapid and enhanced expression of these proteins as a result of adopting an appropriate y ... | 2007 | 17503034 |
| relationships between bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators. | occurrence and prevalence of different bacterial enteric pathogens as well as their relationships with conventional (total and fecal coliforms) and alternative fecal indicators (host-specific bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers) were investigated for various water samples taken from different sites with different degrees of fecal contamination. the results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens could be detected in both municipal wastewater treatment plant samples and in surface water ... | 2007 | 17507075 |
| thrombospondin-1 promotes cellular adherence of gram-positive pathogens via recognition of peptidoglycan. | thrombospondin-1 (tsp1) is a matricellular glycoprotein that has key roles in interactions between human cells and components of the extracellular matrix. here we report a novel role for the lectin tsp1 in pathogen-host interactions. binding assays and flow cytometric analysis demonstrate that streptococcus pneumoniae and other gram-positive pathogens including s. pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes interact specifically with human tsp1. we also show for the first time th ... | 2007 | 17507668 |
| antibacterial activities of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers terminated with amino and poly(ethylene glycol) groups. | poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimer derivatives have been investigated for their biological applications, especially for delivery of drugs, including antimicrobial drugs to eukaryotic cells, but their effects on bacterial cells are largely unexplored. herein we report that amino-terminated pamam dendrimers are highly toxic to the common gram-negative pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the concentration that kills 50% of the bacteria (ec50) was in the range of approximately 0.9-1.5 microg/ml for the ... | 2007 | 17511499 |
| toxic shock-like syndrome associated with staphylococcal enterocolitis in an hiv-infected man. | a human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual developed severe secretory diarrhea due to infection with staphylococcus aureus. when octreotide therapy was initiated, a toxic shock-like syndrome developed that was associated with fever, multisystem organ damage, and ultimately, desquamation of the palms and soles. the isolate was methicillin susceptible and produced enterotoxins b and c. this is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of toxic shock syndrome to develop secondary to staphy ... | 2007 | 17516392 |
| in vivo comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in human neutrophils. | most of the newer fluoroquinolones are active against bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus, which are able to multiply inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). the aim of this study was to determine moxifloxacin and levofloxacin intracellular behaviour with their usual dosage regimen. | 2005 | 17532709 |
| efficacy of gaseous nitric oxide in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. | bacterial burden significantly interferes with the healing process in chronic ulcers. nitric oxide (no) plays a key role in regulating skin's response to infection and wound healing. in previous studies, we demonstrated that exogenous no gas (gno) at 200 parts per million (ppm) exhibits potent antimicrobial effects against a representative range of pathogens. the aim of the present study is to explore the antimicrobial properties of gno in vivo and to determine skin cells' sensitivity to the cyt ... | 2007 | 17537124 |
| the contribution of gc1qr/p33 in infection and inflammation. | human gc1qr/p33 is a multi-compartmental and multi-functional cellular protein expressed on a wide range of tissues and cell types including lymphocytes, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, and platelets. although originally isolated as a receptor for c1q by virtue of its affinity (k(d)=15-50 nm), and specificity for the globular heads of this molecule, a large body of evidence has now been accumulated which shows that in addition to c1q, gc1qr can serve as a receptor for diverse proinflammatory ... | 2007 | 17544818 |
| production of antagonistic substance by eikenella corrodens isolated from the oral cavity of human beings with and without periodontal disease. | antagonistic abilities may confer ecological advantages for micro-organisms in competitive ecosystems. however, reports regarding this phenomenon in eikenella corrodens are not available. | 2007 | 17584471 |
| daptomycin for eradication of a systemic infection with a methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus aureus in a biventricular assist device recipient. | the rate of infection in patients who require ventricular assist devices is estimated at more than 35%. infections with multi-resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in ventricular assist device recipients are often difficult to treat and present a high mortality rate. daptomycin is a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, useful in gram-positive organisms resistant to standard treatment. we report a case of a 65-year-old man suffering from a dilatative cardiomyopathy ... | 2007 | 17588430 |
| the bactericidal effects of anti-mrsa agents with rifampicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against intracellular phagocytized mrsa. | we experienced therapeutic failure with vancomycin in patients with serious methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections, in some of whom the bacteria were found to be alive in the leukocytes. we therefore evaluated the antimicrobial activity of several anti-mrsa agents (vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, arbekacin) and co-administered agents (rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) against clinically isolated mrsa in phagocytized human polymorphonuclear leukoc ... | 2007 | 17593499 |
| incidence and persistence of staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in a community sample of hiv-infected and -uninfected drug users. | a longitudinal study of 282 community-based drug users was conducted from february 1999 through september 2000. both the incidence (15.0 cases per 100 person-years at risk; 95% confidence interval, 10.2-20.7 cases per 100 person-years at risk) and persistence of staphylococcus aureus carriage were increased among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive individuals. | 2007 | 17599312 |
| evaluation of electron spin resonance for studies of superoxide anion production by human neutrophils interacting with staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. | the present study evaluates electron spin resonance (esr) and the spin trapper 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (depmpo) for analysis of superoxide radical production by human neutrophils interacting with viable staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. to avoid auto-activation due to interaction with glass surfaces, neutrophils were preincubated in plastic tubes until the peak response was reached, and then transferred to a quartz flat cell to record the ... | 2008 | 17604111 |
| adhesion of eukaryotic cells and staphylococcus aureus to silicon model surfaces. | silicon wafers modified by silanisation with different functional groups are used to study the bioactivity of surfaces with varying physicochemical properties. oxidation of the wafers created very hydrophilic surfaces, and moderately wettable surfaces were produced by coating with poly(ethylene glycol) (peg). immobilization of hydrocarbon chains to the wafers produced hydrophobic surfaces, and hydrophobicity was further increased by fluorocarbon coatings. the oxidized and the hydrocarbon-modifie ... | 2008 | 17635034 |
| signaling and dna-binding activities of the staphylococcus aureus hssr-hsss two-component system required for heme sensing. | for the important human pathogen staphylococcus aureus, host heme is a vital source of nutrient iron during infection. paradoxically, heme is also toxic at high concentrations and is capable of killing s. aureus. to maintain cellular heme homeostasis, s. aureus employs the coordinated actions of the heme sensing two-component system (hssrs) and the heme regulated transporter efflux pump (hrtab). hssrs-dependent expression of hrtab results in the alleviation of heme toxicity and tempered staphylo ... | 2007 | 17635909 |
| differentially expressed genes associated with staphylococcus aureus mastitis of canadian holstein cows. | to study pathway specific gene expression within the immune-endocrine axis of dairy cows with staphylococcus aureus mastitis, mrna was collected from blood mononuclear cells (bmcs) and milk somatic cells (mscs) of cows (n=7) identified as culture positive for s. aureus and their matched negative control cows (n=7) with no evidence of s. aureus mastitis. labeled cdna probes derived from bmcs and mscs of infected and healthy cows were applied to a bovine immune-endocrine cdna array containing 167 ... | 2007 | 17658619 |
| species-level identification of clinical staphylococcal isolates based on polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a partial groel gene sequence. | a pair of degenerate primers that amplified, by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a partial groel gene sequence (550 bp) was used for the identification of the 12 most common human staphylococcal pathogens. the amplified products were digested by alui endonuclease, and distinctive pcr restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns for reference strains were obtained. this protocol was validated by the identification of 89 clinical staphylococcal isolates, and the results were compared w ... | 2007 | 17662561 |
| purification and antimicrobial activity studies of the n-terminal fragment of ubiquitin from human amniotic fluid. | a 4.3-kda antimicrobial peptide was isolated from human amniotic fluid by dialysis, ultrafiltration, and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. this peptide, which we named amniotic fluid peptide-1 (afp-1), possessed antimicrobial activity but lacked hemolytic activity. in addition, afp-1 potently inhibited the growth of a variety of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus), filamentous fungi (botrytis cinerea, aspe ... | 2007 | 17669700 |
| constrictive pericarditis following a pyopericardium due to staphylococcus aureus. | we report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented 3 weeks after a purulent pericarditis due to staphylococcus aureus with a constrictive pericarditis confirmed by computed tomography-scan and haemodynamic findings. pericardiectomy and epicardiectomy were performed with an excellent immediate and mid-term result. constrictive pericarditis due to s. aureus is rare and pericardiectomy is associated with a high mortality risk. | 2003 | 17670141 |
| characterization of a hapten-induced, murine model with multiple features of atopic dermatitis: structural, immunologic, and biochemical changes following single versus multiple oxazolone challenges. | atopic dermatitis (ad) is a chronic dermatosis bearing clinical, histological, and immunologic similarities to chronic allergic contact dermatitis (acd). ad shows a th2 cell-dominant inflammatory infiltrate, elevated serum ige levels, a permeability barrier abnormality, and staphylococcus aureus colonization. repeated hapten challenges reportedly produce a th2-like hypersensitivity reaction (th2-like hr). here, 9-10 challenges with oxazolone (ox) to hairless mice also produced a chronic th2-like ... | 2008 | 17671515 |
| reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in pet animals. | increasing amounts of antimicrobials are used in pets, including substances used in human medicine (in particular, broad-spectrum agents such as clavulante-potentiated aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones). there is evidence that resistance to antimicrobials is growing among bacteria causing infection in pets. these bacteria include staphylococcus intermedius and escherichia coli, as well as other organisms of clinical importance in humans, including methicillin-resistant staph ... | 2007 | 17683019 |
| polyarticular septic arthritis following septic circumcision. | ritual circumcision during an initiation ceremony for young adults is common practice in parts of south africa. we report on a case of polyarticular septic arthritis in a seventeen-year-old man following septicaemia after circumcision, resulting in severe fixed flexion deformities of both knees. this case illustrates an unusual cause of polyarticular septic arthritis and the treatment difficulties associated with delayed presentation. it is also a reminder of the consequences of untreated acute ... | 2007 | 17696756 |
| cisplatin-induced apoptosis involves membrane fluidification via inhibition of nhe1 in human colon cancer cells. | we have previously shown that cisplatin triggers an early acid sphingomyelinase (asmase)-dependent ceramide generation concomitantly with an increase in membrane fluidity and induces apoptosis in ht29 cells. the present study further explores the role and origin of membrane fluidification in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. the rapid increase in membrane fluidity following cisplatin treatment was inhibited by membrane-stabilizing agents such as cholesterol or monosialoganglioside-1. in ht29 cells, t ... | 2007 | 17699793 |
| phylogenetic analysis of livestock oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the aim of this study was to characterize oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (orsa) isolates from livestock environments and meat market workers by molecular epidemiological analysis. staphylococcal enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (rpla) and multiplex polymerase chain reactions (pcr) were used to detect enterotoxin-producing s. aureus. the molecular genetic similarity of orsa was also compared by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst ... | 2008 | 17719189 |
| inhibition of staphylococcal biofilm formation by nitrite. | several environmental stresses have been demonstrated to increase polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (pia) synthesis and biofilm formation by the human pathogens staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. in this study we characterized an adaptive response of s. aureus sa113 to nitrite-induced stress and show that it involves concomitant impairment of pia synthesis and biofilm formation. transcriptional analysis provided evidence that nitrite, either as the endogenous product of res ... | 2007 | 17720780 |
| detection of surfactant proteins a and d in human tear fluid and the human lacrimal system. | to evaluate the expression and presence of surfactant protein (sp) a and sp-d in the lacrimal apparatus, at the ocular surface, and in tears in healthy and pathologic states. | 2007 | 17724171 |
| neuraminidase produces a decrease of adherence of slime-forming staphylococcus aureus to gelatin-impregnated polyester fiber graft fabric: an experimental study. | because slime-forming microorganisms are the major causative agents of graft infections, we aimed to investigate bacterial adherence in slime-forming and nonslime-forming staphylococcus aureus and to determine the role of neuraminidase (nanase) on adherence to gelatin-impregnated polyester fiber graft fabric. an in vitro model was developed to quantitatively measure bacterial adherence to the surface of the graft. the grafts were divided into two groups - those colonized with slime-forming s. au ... | 2007 | 17846717 |
| structural basis for evasion of iga immunity by staphylococcus aureus revealed in the complex of ssl7 with fc of human iga1. | infection by staphylococcus aureus can result in severe conditions such as septicemia, toxic shock, pneumonia, and endocarditis with antibiotic resistance and persistent nasal carriage in normal individuals being key drivers of the medical impact of this virulent pathogen. in both virulent infection and nasal colonization, s. aureus encounters the host immune system and produces a wide array of factors that frustrate host immunity. one in particular, the prototypical staphylococcal superantigen- ... | 2007 | 17848512 |
| cxcl16 is a novel mediator of the innate immunity of epidermal keratinocytes. | the epidermis is constantly exposed to a variety of microbial pathogens and plays a vital role in resisting them. soluble cxc chemokine ligand (cxcl) 16, which is one of the elr- cxc chemokines, acts as a mediator of innate immunity by attracting cxc chemokine receptor (cxcr) 6-expressing cells, such as activated t cells and nkt cells. however, the production of cxcl16 by non-immune cells remains unclear. we found that cultured keratinocytes produced a significant amount of cxcl16 (2-3 ng per 10 ... | 2007 | 17855433 |
| the role of human beta defensins and cathelicidins in atopic dermatitis. | atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with significant barrier disruption, t-helper type 2 mediated skin inflammation, and an impaired innate immune response. these characteristics increase the susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to recurrent skin infections, some of which may have potentially fatal implications. the mechanisms resulting in this increased propensity for skin infections have been an area of active investigation. | 2007 | 17873581 |
| phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive (olea europaea l. cv. cobrançosa) leaves. | we report the determination of phenolic compounds in olive leaves by reversed-phase hplc/dad, and the evaluation of their in vitro activity against several microorganisms that may be causal agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections, namely gram positive (bacillus cereus, b. subtilis and staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans). seven phenolic compo ... | 2007 | 17873849 |
| novel ovine model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia and sepsis. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)-related pneumonia and/or sepsis are a frequent serious menace. the aim of the study was to establish a standardized and reproducible model of mrsa-induced septic pneumonia to evaluate new therapies. sheep were operatively prepared for chronic study. after 5 days' recovery, tracheostomy was performed under anesthesia, and smoke injury was induced by inhalation of cotton smoke (48 breaths, <40 degrees c). methicillin-resistant s. aureus (aw6) (app ... | 2008 | 17885644 |
| a randomized phase i study of atuna racemosa: a potential new anti-mrsa natural product extract. | we previously reported significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria from the extract of the atun tree (atuna racemosa), identified through rapid digital bioprospecting of a 400-year-old historic herbal text. toxicity studies in human cell lines showing safety, combined with the ethnomedical descriptions of botanical use, suggested that this extract might be clinically useful against topical gram-positive bacteria infections. | 2007 | 17889468 |
| in vitro ability of staphylococcus aureus isolates from bacteraemic patients with and without metastatic complications to invade vascular endothelial cells. | invasion of vascular endothelial cells is thought to be a critical step in the development of metastatic infections in patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. this study was designed to evaluate the association between the ability to invade endothelial cells and metastatic infection by s. aureus. patients with metastatic infection were identified among those with community-acquired s. aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary referral hospital. patients with simple bacteraemia caused by s. aureu ... | 2007 | 17893163 |
| staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules. | to combat the human immune response, bacteria should be able to divert the effectiveness of the complement system. we identify four potent complement inhibitors in staphylococcus aureus that are part of a new immune evasion cluster. two are homologues of the c3 convertase modulator staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scin) and function in a similar way as scin. extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (efb) and its homologue extracellular complement-binding protein (ecb) are identified as poten ... | 2007 | 17893203 |
| methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci: epidemiological and molecular aspects. | infections caused by the genus staphylococcus are of great importance for human health. staphylococcus species are divided into coagulase-positive staphylococci, represented by s. aureus, a pathogen that can cause infections of the skin and other organs in immunocompetent patients, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) which comprise different species normally involved in infectious processes in immunocompromised patients or patients using catheters. oxacillin has been one of the main drugs ... | 2007 | 17895595 |
| occurrence of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in domestic animals. | we describe phenotypic and genotypic analyses carried out on multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals. the sequence type st239 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones, and new combinations of gyra and grla mutations were identified. these findings are consistent with a role for animal carriage in the dissemination of important human pathogens in the community. | 2007 | 17898848 |
| the yeast connection: is candida linked to breastfeeding associated pain? | the objective of the study was to determine whether the isolation of candida from breastfeeding women is associated with self-reported pain. | 2007 | 17904988 |
| antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus: a paradigm of adaptive power. | nothing documents better the spectacular adaptive capacity of staphylococcus aureus than the response of this important human and animal pathogen to the introduction of antimicrobial agents into the clinical environment. the effectiveness of penicillin introduced in the early 1940s was virtually annulled within a decade because of the plasmid epidemics that spread the ss-lactamase gene through the entire species of s. aureus. in 1960 within one to two years of the introduction of penicillinase r ... | 2007 | 17921044 |
| use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramer technology to study interactions between staphylococcus aureus proteins and human cells. | in this study, we report the use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramer technology to study the interactions that occur between staphylococcus aureus proteins and human leukocytes. we demonstrated that this technology can be used to study the activity of superantigens such as toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and also found that despite similarities to known proteins (i.e., major histocompatibility complex [mhc] class ii molecules and superantigens), the s. aureus eap protein does not b ... | 2007 | 17938227 |
| cervical mycotic aneurysm in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. | we report a case of 65-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, in whom a cervical mycotic aneurysm suddenly developed after sepsis with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. severe infection associated with alcoholic cirrhosis may cause a typical mycotic aneurysm. | 2007 | 17938522 |
| staphylococcal infections impair the mesothelial fibrinolytic system: the role of cell death and cytokine release. | bacterial peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis patients and of patients after abdominal surgery. especially episodes due to staphylococcus aureus can harm the peritoneum severely, resulting in peritoneal fibrosis. human peritoneal mesothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the peritoneum, as they release components of the fibrinolytic system and regulate the influx of immune cells by expressing chemokines and adhesion molecules. using cultured ... | 2007 | 17938806 |
| preparation, application and testing of permanent antibacterial and antiviral coatings. | protocols for the synthesis of the microbicidal polycation n,n-dodecyl,methyl-polyethylenimine and coating (painting) of glass slides with this polycation's butanol solution are described. subsequently detailed are the procedures for validating that the resultant coated slides are essentially 100% lethal to the human bacterial pathogens, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, as well as to two common strains of influenza virus. the time required to prepare and apply the cationic polymer and ... | 2007 | 17947982 |
| genome sequence of staphylococcus aureus strain newman and comparative analysis of staphylococcal genomes: polymorphism and evolution of two major pathogenicity islands. | strains of staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen, display up to 20% variability in their genome sequence, and most sequence information is available for human clinical isolates that have not been subjected to genetic analysis of virulence attributes. s. aureus strain newman, which was also isolated from a human infection, displays robust virulence properties in animal models of disease and has already been extensively analyzed for its molecular traits of staphylococcal pathogenesis. ... | 2008 | 17951380 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel propolis formulation (actichelated propolis). | this study compared in vitro activities of actichelated propolis (a multicomposite material obtained with mechano-chemichal activation) and of a hydroalcoholic extract of propolis. | 2007 | 17953601 |
| comparative analysis of the bactericidal activities of amphibian peptide analogues against multidrug-resistant nosocomial bacterial strains. | due to the widespread resistance of bacteria to the available drugs, the discovery of new classes of antibiotics is urgently needed, and naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered promising candidates for future therapeutic use. amphibian skin is one of the richest sources of such amps. in the present study we compared the in vitro bactericidal activities of five amps from three different species of anurans against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates belonging to species ... | 2008 | 17954700 |
| age-related differences in sensitivity of peripheral blood monocytes to lipopolysaccharide and staphylococcus aureus toxin b in atopic dermatitis. | as shown by atopy patch tests, atopic dermatitis (ad) is dominated in its acute phase by the development of a specific t(h)2 response after exposure of the skin to common environmental antigens. relying on our previous data showing that staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b (seb) induced the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) through toll-like receptor (tlr)2 and that seb-pulsed dcs commit allogenic naive t cells into t(h)2, we assessed monocytes sensitivity to seb and lipopolysa ... | 2008 | 17960185 |
| infection control by antibody disruption of bacterial quorum sensing signaling. | quorum sensing (qs) is the process through which bacteria communicate utilizing small diffusible molecules termed autoinducers. it has been demonstrated that qs controls a plethora of microbial processes including the expression of virulence factors. here we report an immunopharmacotherapeutic approach for the attenuation of qs in the gram-positive human pathogen staphylococcus aureus. an anti-autoinducer monoclonal antibody, ap4-24h11, was elicited against a rationally designed hapten, and effi ... | 2007 | 17961824 |
| multilocus sequence typing of staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in brazilian dairy herds. | staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen associated with bovine mastitis, one of the most important infectious diseases occurring in dairy cattle herds worldwide. in the present study, s. aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in dairy herds located in the south-east of brazil were genotyped by pfge and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). pfge identified 60 pulsotypes (pts), which were found to be distributed among six clonal complexes (ccs) by mlst. all pts with similarity percentage ... | 2007 | 17965353 |
| a novel indole-diterpenoid, jbir-03 with anti-mrsa activity from dichotomomyces cejpii var. cejpii nbrc 103559. | a new indole-diterpene, jbir-03 (1), was isolated from the fungus dichotomomyces cejpii var. cejpii nbrc 103559 and its structure was determined based on the spectroscopic data. 1 exhibited anti-mrsa (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) activity and antifungal activity against apple valsa canker-causing fungus, valsa ceratosperma, while it exhibited no toxicity towards human cancer cells. | 2007 | 17965481 |
| the human fibrinolytic system is a target for the staphylococcal metalloprotease aureolysin. | the major opportunistic pathogen staphylococcus aureus utilizes the human fibrinolytic system for invasion and spread via plasmin(ogen) binding and non-proteolytic activation. because s. aureus secretes several proteases recently proposed as virulence factors, we explored whether these enzymes could add to the activation of the host's fibrinolytic system. exposure of human pro-urokinase [pro-upa (where upa is urokinase-type plasminogen activator)] to conditioned growth media from staphylococcal ... | 2008 | 17973626 |
| importance of the environment in meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus acquisition: the case for hospital cleaning. | in the uk, we continue to debate the importance of hospital cleaning in relation to increasing numbers of patients acquiring meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). however, there is little direct evidence for the effectiveness of cleaning because it has never been afforded scientific status. hospital hygiene is usually assessed visually, but this does not necessarily correlate with microbiological risk. a more robust case for hospital cleaning can be presented by considering the evid ... | 2008 | 17974481 |
| typing staphylococcus aureus using the spa gene and novel distance measures. | we developed an approach for identifying groups or families of staphylococcus aureus bacteria based on genotype data. with the emergence of drug resistant strains, s. aureus represents a significant human health threat. identifying the family types efficiently and quickly is crucial in community settings. here, we develop a hybrid sequence algorithm approach to type this bacterium using only its spa gene. two of the sequence algorithms we used are well established, while the third, the best comm ... | 2007 | 17975279 |
| characterization of mucosal biofilms on human adenoid tissues. | to demonstrate the presence of mucosal biofilm in adenoid tissue using double staining for visualization of both the bacterial matrix and the bacterial cells. to identify bacterial species present on the surface of the studied adenoids. | 2008 | 17975509 |
| infection after an open supracondylar fracture above a total knee arthroplasty treated with the supracondylar nail. | a 72-year-old man with an open fracture above a total knee arthroplasty was treated with a supracondylar intramedullary nail. five months after internal fixation, the patient developed a staphylococcus aureus infection of the knee, which resolved after a 42-day course of iv antibiotics. after reimplantation with a posteriorly stabilized condylar total knee arthroplasty using femoral and tibial stems with vancomycin-impregnated cement, the patient has been pain-free and ambulatory at 8 months' fo ... | 1995 | 17982818 |
| union of a chronically infected internally stabilized segmental defect in the rat femur after debridement and application of rhbmp-2 and systemic antibiotic. | the goal of this study was to determine whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) would induce new bone formation in an internally stabilized segmental defect with a chronic bacterial infection in the rat femur and whether treatment with systemic antibiotic would enhance this effect. | 2007 | 17986886 |
| antibiotic resistance genes and identification of staphylococci collected from the production chain of swine meat commodities. | staphylococci harbouring antibiotic resistance (ar) genes may represent a hazard for human health and, as other resistant food-related bacteria, they contribute to the spread of ar. in this study, we isolated resistant staphylococci from an entire swine production chain and investigated the occurrence of 11 genes [aac(6')ie-aph(2'')ia, blaz, meca, vana, vanb, erma, ermb, ermc, tet(m), tet(o) and tet(k)] encoding resistance to some antibiotics largely used in clinical practice. the 66 resistant s ... | 2008 | 17993395 |
| postoperative multisegmental lumbar discitis treated by staged ventrodorsoventral intervention. | postoperative spinal infections are relatively rare. they can become life-threatening. | 2007 | 17999587 |
| long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae--and associated interactions with staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae colonization--in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children. | after a primary series of 3 doses, it was found that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine no longer reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine serotypes in children 5.3 years of age. in addition, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children (n=81) had a higher prevalence of colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae (71.6% and 74.1%, respectively) than did hiv-uninfected children (n=271; 50.9% and 52.0%, respectively), suggesting that increased colonizat ... | 2007 | 18008250 |
| [radiograph patterns in herpes simples virus i pneumonia in the adult]. | the aim of this study is to describe epidemiology, patogénesis, pulmonary manifestations and rx findings in adult patients with varicella pneumonia (vp). four patients were studied. the diagnosis was established by clinical and radiologic criteria. all had fever , esanthem, 3 cough, 2 dyspnea. chest x-ray showed interstitial micronodular pattern at bases. 1 case developed airspace consolidation by staphylococcus aureus. 2 were admitted to icu. the four received iv acyclovir. we concluded that ad ... | 2007 | 18020880 |
| autoregulation mechanism of human neutrophil apoptosis during bacterial infection. | neutrophils (pmn), potent phagocytes, are the first line of the host immune defence against microorganisms, especially bacteria. their half-life is very short and they are eliminated through apoptosis. delayed neutrophil apoptosis is a characteristic feature of human osteomyelitis arising from gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of apoptosis during infection of the human neutrophils by staphylococcus aureus or escherichia co ... | 2008 | 18022234 |
| methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization in pigs and pig farmers. | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization has recently been identified in pigs and people that work with pigs, raising concerns about the role of pigs as reservoirs of mrsa for human infection. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of mrsa colonization in pigs and pig farmers in ontario, canada and to characterize mrsa strains. nasal and rectal swabs were collected from 285 pigs from three different age groups from 20 pig farms. nasal swabs were colle ... | 2008 | 18023542 |
| toxicogenomic response to chlorination includes induction of major virulence genes in staphylococcus aureus. | despite the widespread use of chlorination for microbial control in aqueous environments, cellular response mechanisms of human pathogens, such as staphylococcus aureus, against chlorination remain unknown. in this work, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate cellular response of s. aureusto hypochlorous acid, an active antimicrobial product of chlorination in aqueous solution. our results suggest that hypochlorous acid repressed transcription of genes involved in cell w ... | 2007 | 18044543 |
| interleukin-15 increases vaccine efficacy through a mechanism linked to dendritic cell maturation and enhanced antibody titers. | interleukin-15 (il-15) is generally considered to sustain t-cell memory and to be a growth factor for natural killer cells. previous data from our laboratory demonstrated that il-15 is also an important factor for developing human dendritic cells. for this study, we investigated the effects of il-15 on antibody responses in mice to a recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) vaccine (stebvax) in a preclinical model of toxic shock syndrome induced by seb. we observed that mouse spleen cells ... | 2008 | 18045883 |
| successful repair of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm using autograft patch from fascia lata and saphenous vein. | an 80-year-old man developed a pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta due to mediastinitis following cardiac surgery. we successfully repaired the pseudoaneurysm with an autograft patch harvested from fascia lata and the saphenous vein. the repair, which was carried out in two layers, can be expected to be durable. | 2007 | 18066642 |
| use of the pericardial cord as a substitute for an infected mitral prosthetic ring associated with aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis. | we report the case of a 61-year-old man with prosthetic valve endocarditis after both aortic valve replacement and mitral annuloplasty. necrotic tissue and dehiscence of the suture line in the aortic annulus were found, and the infection extended to the anterior portion of the mitral prosthetic ring. the autologous pericardial cord was used as a substitute for the infected mitral prosthetic ring, and aortic root replacement was performed with a stentless bioprosthesis. the autologous pericardial ... | 2007 | 18066645 |
| [amylase-producing multiple myeloma: a case report]. | a 80-year-old man was admitted because of acute-onset thrombocytopenia and renal failure. he was diagnosed with bence jones (lambda) -type multiple myeloma associated with sepsis with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. on admission, serum amylase activity was elevated to 1,814 iu/l (98% salivary type; s-amylase). several days after admission, he developed bilateral myelomatous pleuritis. the activity of s-amylase in the effusion was 5,495 iu/l. myeloma cells in the pleural effusion wer ... | 2007 | 18080506 |
| evaluating the role of hla-dq polymorphisms on immune response to bacterial superantigens using transgenic mice. | bacterial superantigens bind directly to human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii molecules and vigorously activate t cells expressing certain t-cell receptor variable region families. as interaction with hla class ii molecules is the primary step in this process, polymorphic variations in hla class ii can determine the extent of superantigen binding to hla class ii molecules, govern the magnitude of immune activation induced by given superantigens and determine the outcome of superantigen-mediate ... | 2008 | 18086265 |
| [h3n2 subtype of human influenza pneumonia with staphylococcal sepsis and staphylococcal pneumonia: report of one case]. | to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of influenza pneumonia with staphylococcal infection. one patient in our hospital was diagnosed and the literatures on the subject were reviewed. the patient presented with high fever and dyspnea. arterial gas analysis indicated type 1 respiratory failure. chest x ray photographs showed bilateral infiltrations and bilateral encapsulated pleural effusions. viral separation and culture of pharyngeal swab indicated h(3)n(2) subtype ... | 2007 | 18087564 |
| the antibacterial activity of peptides derived from human beta-2 glycoprotein i is inhibited by protein h and m1 protein from streptococcus pyogenes. | during the last years, the importance of antibacterial peptides has attracted considerable attention. we report here that peptides derived from the fifth domain of beta-2 glycoprotein i (beta(2)gpi), a human heparin binding plasma protein, have antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. streptococcus pyogenes, an important human pathogen that can survive and grow in human blood, has developed mechanisms to escape the attack by these peptides. thus, protein h and m ... | 2008 | 18093092 |
| the isolation, purification and biological activity of a novel antibacterial compound produced by pseudomonas stutzeri. | a novel compound designated zafrin [4beta-methyl-5, 6, 7, 8 tetrahydro-1 (4beta-h)-phenanthrenone] was isolated from a crude extract of a marine bacterium identified as pseudomonas stutzeri. zafrin showed strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the compound was purified and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), 13c-nmr, 1d-nmr and 2d-nmr spectroscopy. it could be demonstrated that a purifi ... | 2008 | 18093138 |
| identification and biological characterization of mouse beta-defensin 14, the orthologue of human beta-defensin 3. | beta-defensins are small antimicrobial polypeptides that are mainly expressed by epithelial cells and play an important role in the antimicrobial innate immune response. in addition to the direct microbicidal effects of these polypeptides, it became evident that certain members of the beta-defensin super family have the capacity to promote local innate inflammatory and systemic adaptive immune responses by interacting with the cc-chemokine receptor ccr6. we have identified mouse beta-defensin 14 ... | 2008 | 18167348 |
| microbial patterns signaling via toll-like receptors 2 and 5 contribute to epithelial repair, growth and survival. | epithelial cells (ecs) continuously interact with microorganisms and detect their presence via different pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) including toll-like receptors (tlrs). ligation of epithelial tlrs by pathogens is usually associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial factors. in this study, using human airway ecs as a model, we found that detection of microbial patterns via epithelial tlrs directly regulates tissue homeostasis. staphylococcus aureus (s. ... | 2008 | 18167552 |