| comparative study of various cell lines susceptibility to cytopathic and non-cytopathic strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2. | | 2009 | 19941394 |
| genomic sequencing and characterization of a chinese isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2. | the complete genomic sequencing and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate xj-04 originated from cattle in china was described. the genomic rna of the isolate was 12,284 nt long and contained short 5'- untranslated region (utr), 3'-non-coding regions (ncr), and one open reading frame (orf) encoding a large polyprotein of 3,895 amino acids with 20 potential n-glycosylation sites. the identity of the isolate xj-04 with reference strains nadl (bvdv-1) and 890 (bvdv-2) in aut ... | 2009 | 19941402 |
| entry of bovine viral diarrhea virus into ovine cells occurs through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and low ph-dependent fusion. | although mechanisms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) entry into bovine cells have been elucidated, little is known concerning pestivirus entry and receptor usage in ovine cells. in this study, we determined the entry mechanisms of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 in sheep fetal thymus cells. both bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 infections were inhibited completely by chlorpromazine, beta-methyl cyclodextrin, sucrose, bafilomycin a1, chloroquine, and ammonium chloride. simultaneous presence of reducing agent and low ph ... | 2010 | 19997866 |
| bovine respiratory disease research (1983-2009). | bovine respiratory disease (brd) research has provided significant understanding of the disease over the past 26 years. modern research tools that have been used include monoclonal antibodies, genomics, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (ihc), dna vaccines and viral vectors coding for immunogens. emerging/reemerging viruses and new antigenic strains of viruses and bacteria have been identified. methods of detection and the role for cattle persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea ... | 2009 | 20003649 |
| update on viral pathogenesis in brd. | many viruses, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenzavirus-3 (pi3), bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine reovirus, have been etiologically associated with respiratory disease in cattle. this review focuses on the pathogenesis of bhv-1 and brsv, two very different agents that primarily cause disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract, respectively. | 2009 | 20003652 |
| associations between reproductive performance and seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral-diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in canadian dairy cows. | our objective was to investigate effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus (blv), type 1 bovine viral-diarrhea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), and neospora caninum (nc), and their possible interactions, on reproductive efficiency (specifically, first-service conception [fsc], and calving interval [ci]) in dairy cows. the sample population included up to 30 randomly selected animals from 179 randomly selected farms in five provinces in canada, from w ... | 2010 | 20015556 |
| risk factors associated with neospora caninum seropositivity in randomly sampled canadian dairy cows and herds. | our objective was to determine cow- and herd-level risk factors associated with seropositivity for neospora caninum in a large number of randomly selected canadian dairy herds, controlling for important confounding variables and co-infections with bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). serum samples were obtained from 30 randomly selected cows, where available, in 240 herds using monthly milk testing, within 6 of ... | 2010 | 20018395 |
| synthesis and evaluation of in vitro biological activity of 4-substituted arylpiperazine derivatives of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione. | a series of twenty arylpiperazine derivatives of 1,7,8,9-tetrachloro-10,10-dimethoxy-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione have been prepared. these derivatives were tested in vitro with the aim of identifying novel lead compounds active against emergent and re-emergent human and cattle infectious diseases (aids, hepatitis b and c, tuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea). in particular, these compounds were evaluated in vitro against representatives of different virus classes, such as a hi ... | 2009 | 20032885 |
| genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea viruses from cattle in china between 2005 and 2008. | eighteen bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) from cattle in china between 2005 and 2008 were genetically typed by sequencing of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the viral genome and for selected isolates the n(pro) region. phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that all of the 18 bvdv positive samples examined in this work clustered within the bvdv type 1 genotype. of the 15 previously described subgenotypes of bvdv1 (1a-1o), 12 of the samples examined in this work clustered with the chin ... | 2010 | 20036078 |
| pestivirus infection in sheep and goats in west austria. | blood samples from 3112 sheep (185 flocks) and 1196 goats (163 flocks) from the western region of austria were tested for pestivirus-specific rna. in this area, communal alpine pasturing of sheep, cattle and goats is an important part of farming. the prevalence of sheep persistently-infected (pi) with pestivirus was 0.32% (10 animals) and the pi animals originated from five flocks (2.7% of those investigated). in goats, only one pi animal (0.08%) was detected. sequence analysis of the 5'-end unt ... | 2010 | 20042353 |
| detection, characterization, and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a large commercial dairy herd. | detection, genetic characterization, and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) disease in a large commercial dairy herd is reported. precolostral bvdv serum antibody was detected in 5.3% (12/226) of newborn calves before the test and removal of persistently infected (pi) animals and in 0.4% (2/450) of newborn calves after the removal of pi heifers. | 2009 | 20046608 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in persistently infected cattle and bvdv subtypes in affected cattle in beef herds in south central united states. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in persistently infected (pi) cattle in beef breeding herds was determined using 30 herds with 4530 calves. the samples were collected by ear notches and tested for bvdv antigens using immunohistochemistry (ihc) and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ace). animals with initial positives on both ihc and ace were sampled again using both tests and serums were collected for viral propagation and sequencing of a viral genomic regio ... | 2009 | 20046630 |
| fetal protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 after the use of a modified-live virus vaccine. | the objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of a modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine in protecting fetuses from infection with type 1 or type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) when pregnant heifers were challenged at approximately 170 d of gestation with noncytopathic field isolates. the 83 pregnant heifers had been bred naturally 4 wk after vaccination. fetuses were collected 60 d after bvdv type 2 challenge, and newborn calves were collected before colostrum intake after bvdv ... | 2009 | 20046631 |
| stable recombinants of bovine viral diarrhea virus containing a hepatitis c virus insert. | here we report on a segment in the genomic 3' non-translated region (3'ntr) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that is accessible for the insertion of foreign sequence elements such as the 5'ntr of hepatitis c virus. recombinant viruses exhibited replication kinetics similar to those of the parental strain, and characterization of rna species after several passages revealed that foreign inserts had the same genetic stability as the bvdv 3'ntr. the generation of such bvdv recombinants is relev ... | 2010 | 20053823 |
| a case control study of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) persistent infection (pi) in betsukai, hokkaido, japan. | the betsukai town office implemented bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) preventive activities (i.e., vaccination and surveillance) in 2006. using bulk tank milk screening followed by individual blood tests using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method, persistent infection (pi) cattle were detected and eliminated from the population. based on data for pi cattle detected between 2006 and 2007, we conducted a case control study to find risk factors associated with the pre ... | 2010 | 20057177 |
| antibody responses to inactivated vaccines and natural infection in cattle using bovine viral diarrhoea virus elisa kits: assessment of potential to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is one of the most common and economically important viral infections of cattle. as vaccination is common in most european countries, differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals is one of the key challenges facing bvdv eradication campaigns. this study was designed to compare the ability of commercial elisa kits to differentiate antibodies generated following vaccination with four different commercial inactivated bvdv vaccines from antibodies gener ... | 2011 | 20074985 |
| vascular lesions in pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b. | vasculitis is a hallmark lesion of the severe form of systemic porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in 2 experimental studies with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b (pcv2b), 2 pigs developed fatal pcvad with acute vasculitis, and 5 related pigs developed chronic lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic peri- and endarteritis. five of these pigs (1 with acute vasculitis and 4 with chronic vasculitis) had also been inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv1) or bvdv1-like vir ... | 2010 | 20080495 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| an outbreak of late-term abortions, premature births, and congenital deformities associated with a bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype b that induces thrombocytopenia. | bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) subtype b was isolated from premature holstein calves from a dairy herd that experienced an outbreak of premature births, late-term abortions, brachygnathism, growth retardation, malformations of the brain and cranium, and rare extracranial skeletal malformations in calves born to first-calf heifers. experimental inoculation of 3 colostrum-deprived calves aged 2-4 months old with this bvdv isolate resulted in thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and leukopenia. o ... | 2010 | 20093701 |
| uptake and trafficking of liposomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. | liposomes are vesicular structures consisting of an aqueous core surrounded by a lipid bilayer. apart from the cytosol and lysosomes, no other intracellular compartment has been successfully targeted using liposomal delivery. here, we report the development of liposomes capable of specific targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and associated membranes. using competition and inhibitor assays along with confocal microscopy, we have determined that er liposomes utilize scavenger and low-densi ... | 2010 | 20097877 |
| molecular characterization of rna and protein synthesis during a one-step growth curve of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in ovine (sft-r) cells. | the aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) multiplication and synthesis of bvdv specific rna and proteins in ovine cells (sft-r) during a one-step growth curve. the virus titre and rna level were determined by focus-forming assay and real time rt-pcr. the rna synthesis was detected by northern blot while synthesis of e2 and ns3 proteins was assayed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. the results showed that synthesis of viral rn ... | 2010 | 20116078 |
| quantitative one-step real-time rt-pcr for the fast detection of the four genotypes of pprv. | a one-step real-time taqman rt-pcr assay (rrt-pcr) for peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) was developed to detect the four lineages of pprv by targeting the nucleoprotein (n) gene of the virus. this new assay was compared to a conventional rt-pcr on reference strains and field materials. quantitation was performed against a standard based on a synthetic transcript of the nppr gene for which a minimum of 32 copies per reaction were detected with a corresponding c(t) value of 39. depending on ... | 2010 | 20116402 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: global status. | despite the success of regional bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) eradication programs, infections remain a source of economic loss for producers. the wide variation among bvdv results in differences in genotype, biotype, virulence, and types of infections. bvdv infect a range of domestic and wild ruminants. clinical presentation varies depending on strain of virus, species of host, immune status of host, reproductive status of host, age of host, and concurrent infections. recent advances in ... | 2010 | 20117546 |
| the role of wildlife in diseases of cattle. | wildlife serves as a source and a target for some infectious diseases of cattle. this article covers characteristics of the pathogens, brucella abortus, mycobacterium bovis, and bovine viral diarrhea virus; host species behavior; and external factors that influence the introduction, maintenance, and spread of infectious agents between wildlife and cattle. | 2010 | 20117548 |
| intrauterine inoculation of seronegative heifers with bovine viral diarrhea virus concurrent with transfer of in vivo-derived bovine embryos. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has been shown to be associated with single transferable in vivo-derived bovine embryos despite washing and trypsin treatment. hence, the primary objective was to evaluate the potential of bvdv to be transmitted via the intrauterine route at the time of embryo transfer. in vivo-derived bovine embryos (n=10) were nonsurgically collected from a single bos tarus donor cow negative for bvdv. after collection and washing, embryos were placed into transfer media cont ... | 2010 | 20129656 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine series against the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridines has been prepared and evaluated for their anti-bvdv activities in mdbk cells. from the synthesized analogues bearing modifications of the substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8, compounds 10a, b, 16, 24, 25 and 26 exhibited significant anti-bvdv activities. | 2010 | 20149501 |
| effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and mannheimia haemolytica challenge on animal performance, nitrogen balance, and visceral organ mass in beef steers. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) have been isolated alone or in combination with other viral and bacterial pathogens in animals diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease (brd), a disease causing major economic loss to the feedlot industry. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of mannheimia haemolytica challenge after short-term exposure (72 h) to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b (bvdv1b) persistently infected (pi) calves on performance, n balance, and organ mass i ... | 2010 | 20154160 |
| effects of exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b and subsequent infection with mannheima haemolytica on clinical signs and immune variables: model for bovine respiratory disease via viral and bacterial interaction. | the objective was to determine effects of an intratracheal mannheimia haemolytica challenge after 72-h exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b (bvdv1b) persistently infected (pi) calves on serum antibody production, white blood cell count (wbc), cytokine concentrations, and blood gases in feedlot steers. twenty-four steers (initial bw = 314 +/- 31 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (6 steers/treatment) arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial. treatments were 1) steers not exposed to ... | 2010 | 20154164 |
| a novel hepatitis c virus p7 ion channel inhibitor, bit225, inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro and shows synergism with recombinant interferon-alpha-2b and nucleoside analogues. | the novel small molecule, bit225 (n-[5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-napthalene-2-carbonyl]-guanidine: cas no. 917909-71-8), was initially identified using a screening strategy designed to detect inhibitors of hepatitis c virus (hcv) p7 ion channel activity. here we report that bit225 has potent stand-alone antiviral activity against the hcv model pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with an ic(50) of 314nm. combinations of bit225 with recombinant interferon alpha-2b (rifnalpha-2b) show sy ... | 2010 | 20156486 |
| use of a field-enabled nucleic acid extraction and pcr instrument to detect bvdv. | | 2010 | 20173109 |
| comparison of three commercial vaccines for preventing persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | eighty crossbred beef heifers were randomly allocated to four groups to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in preventing development of calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). group 1 (n=11) was non-vaccinated controls, whereas three groups were vaccinated with commercially available multivalent bvdv vaccines at weaning (approximately 7 mo of age), 28 d post-weaning, approximately 1 y of age, and 28 d later. groups 2 (n=23) and 3 (n=23) were given a modified-live ... | 2010 | 20181385 |
| risk and prevention of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) transmission through embryo production via somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) using oocytes from persistently infected donors. | the objective was to assess the risk of transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) through embryo production via somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt), with oocytes obtained from persistently infected (pi) donors. using ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration following superstimulation, oocytes were obtained from five female beef cattle, including three that were pi and two that were negative for bvdv. in the three pi cattle, seven aspirations yielded 32 oocytes (pi-1: three aspirations y ... | 2010 | 20188405 |
| pharmacophore modeling, resistant mutant isolation, docking, and mm-pbsa analysis: combined experimental/computer-assisted approaches to identify new inhibitors of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | starting from a series of our new 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives, shown to be selectively and potently active against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), we developed a hierarchical combined experimental/molecular modeling strategy to explore the drug leads for the bvdv rna-dependent rna-polymerase. accordingly, a successful 3d pharmacophore model was developed, characterized by distinct chemical features that may be responsible for the activity of the inhibitors. bvdv mutants resistant t ... | 2010 | 20189812 |
| cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv): emerging pestiviruses doomed to extinction. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a flaviviridae pestivirus, is arguably one of the most widespread cattle pathogens worldwide. each of its two genotypes has two biotypes, non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). only the ncp biotype of bvdv may establish persistent infection in the fetus when infecting a dam early in gestation, a time point which predates maturity of the adaptive immune system. such fetuses may develop and be born healthy but remain infected for life. due to this early initi ... | 2010 | 20197026 |
| testing virucidal activity in germany: an update. | several chemical disinfectants have been tested in a quantitative suspension test for virucidal activity as per the test method devised by the german society for control of viral diseases (dvv) and the former german federal health office (bga, now the robert koch-institute, rki) drafted in 1982. the introduction of the term "limited virucidal activity" (effective against enveloped viruses) in addition to the existing term "virucidal activity" (effective against non-enveloped and enveloped viruse ... | 2007 | 20200665 |
| non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection inhibits differentiation of bovine neural stem/progenitor cells into astrocytes in vitro. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) causes fetal brain malformations in ruminants when the fetuses are infected transplacentally in mid-pregnancy. in both cytopathic and non-cytopatic virus infections, viral lytic infection in actively replicating cells and interruption of vascular integrity have been suggested as the pathogenesis, but functional disturbance of infected neural developing cells has been unclear. in this study, we examined the effect of infection with non-cytopathic bvdv2 on the di ... | 2010 | 20215715 |
| prevalence and antigenic differences observed between bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes isolated from cattle in australia and feedlots in the southwestern united states. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is divided into 2 different species within the pestivirus genus, bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1) and bvdv type 2 (bvdv-2). further phylogenetic analysis has revealed subgenotype groupings within the 2 types. thus far, 12 bvdv-1 subgenotypes (a-l) and 2 bvdv-2 subgenotypes (a and b) have been identified. the purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of bvdv subgenotypes in the united states and australia and to determine if there are detectable antigenic ... | 2010 | 20224075 |
| molecular characterization of bovine virus diarrhea viruses species 2 (bvdv-2) from cattle in turkey. | five bvdv species 2 (bvdv-2) isolates were detected from cattle in turkey. phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the 5' untranslated regions (utrs) and e2 coding gene regions, respectively. the isolates were closely related to bvdv-2a strains from north america and canada used as references. this is the first report of the detection of bvdv-2 in naturally infected turkish cattle. it is important to consider bvdv-2 for planning future bvdv control and vaccination programs in turkey. | 2010 | 20225008 |
| structural development studies of anti-hepatitis c virus agents with a phenanthridinone skeleton. | a phenanthridinone skeleton was derived from our previous researches on thalidomide and retinoids as a multi-template for generation of anti-viral lead compounds. structural development studies focusing on anti-hepatitis c virus activity afforded 5-butyl-2-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenanthridin-6(5h)-one (10) and 5-butylbenzo[b]phenanthridin-6(5h)-one (39), which showed ec(50) values of approximately 3.7 and 3.2microm, respectively. | 2010 | 20303772 |
| an indirect elisa for serodiagnosis of cattle footrot caused by fusobacterium necrophorum. | a serodiagnostic elisa (rl-elisa) using recombinant truncated leukotoxin protein pl2 (aa 311-644) of fusobacterium necrophorum as antigen was developed for detection of antibodies against f. necrophorum from cattle footrot. in rl-elisa, the recombinant diagnostic antigen showed no cross-reaction with antisera against bovine foot and mouth disease virus, bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine rotavirus type a, bovine escherichia coli, and bovine salmonella. the rl-elisa ... | 2010 | 20304080 |
| a stochastic risk-analysis model for the spread of bovine viral diarrhea virus after introduction to naïve cow-calf herds. | a stochastic sir model was developed to simulate the spread of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) through a cow-calf herd and estimate the effect of the virus on the herd, including abortions, calf morbidity, and calf mortality. the model was applied with three herd sizes (400, 100, and 50 head) and four control strategies (no intervention, vaccination of breeding stock, testing all calves pre-breeding and culling of persistently infected calves, and both vaccination of adults and testing and cu ... | 2010 | 20304508 |
| bighorn sheep fetal lung cell line for detection of respiratory viruses. | pneumonia is an important disease of bighorn sheep (bhs) that is primarily responsible for the drastic decline in numbers of these animals in north america. members of the genus mannheimia and pasteurella have frequently been isolated from the pneumonic lungs of bhs. antibodies to several respiratory viruses, including bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), have been detected in herd ... | 2010 | 20357964 |
| antiviral activity of benzimidazole derivatives. ii. antiviral activity of 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives. | seventy-six 2-phenylbenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a panel of 10 rna and dna viruses. the most commonly affected viruses were, in decreasing order, cvb-2, bvdv, sb-1, hsv-1, and yfv, while hiv-1 and vsv were not affected, and rsv, vv and reo-1 were only susceptible to a few compounds. thirty-nine compounds exhibited high activity (ec(50)=0.1-10microm) against at least one virus, and four of them were o ... | 2010 | 20359898 |
| the first report on the prevalence of pestivirus infection in camels in sudan. | the role of pestivirus particularly bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in causing respiratory infections in camels was studied in four different localities in sudan. the evaluation was carried out using elisa, and positive specimens were further tested using direct fluorescent antibody technique (fat) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for confirmation. the overall detected seroprevalence of bvd in camel sera was 84.6% with the highest prevalence in western sudan (92.5% ... | 2010 | 20376559 |
| immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves. | the immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered modified-live virus (mlv) vaccine in 3-8 day old calves was evaluated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of a multivalent mlv vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studi ... | 2010 | 20381643 |
| control of bovine viral diarrhea virus in ruminants. | | 2010 | 20384958 |
| a microsphere-based immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antibodies. | this study describes a novel blocking microsphere-based immunoassay for highly sensitive and specific detection of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the intra- and inter-assay variability are 4.9% and less than 7%, respectively, and variability of bead conjugations is less than 6.6%. the diagnostic performance of the assay was evaluated by testing a total of 509 serum samples. based on a negative/positive cut-off value of 30.3%, the assay has a sensitivity of 99.4% and a sp ... | 2010 | 20403384 |
| taxonomic and epidemiological aspects of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 species through the observation of the secondary structures in the 5' genomic untranslated region. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains demonstrated in cattle, sheep and adventitious contaminants of biological products were evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr), to determine their taxonomic status. variation in conserved genomic sequences was used as a parameter for the epidemiological evaluation of the species in relation to geographic distribution, animal host and virulence ... | 2008 | 20405436 |
| anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus activity of novel diphenylmethane derivatives. | a number of compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus, in cell cultures. among them, some diphenylmethane derivatives were found to be selective inhibitors of bvdv. | 2010 | 20413826 |
| evidence of a humoral immune response against the prokaryotic expressed n-terminal autoprotease (n(pro)) protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle and sheep belonging to the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. although the bvdv non-structural n-terminal protease (n(pro)) acts as an interferon antagonist and subverts the host innate immunity, little is known about its immunogenicity. hence, we expressed a recombinant bvdv n(pro)-his fusion protein (28 kda) in e. coli and determined the humoral immune response generated by it in rabbits. the antigeni ... | 2010 | 20413912 |
| the induction of a cell-mediated immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus with an adjuvanted inactivated vaccine. | this study evaluated the induction of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after vaccination with an adjuvanted inactivated product. in vaccinated animals, there was an overall treatment effect (p less than .05), for an increased percentage of bvdv-specific cd8 t cells expressing interferon-? (ifn-?). the percentages of ifn-? producing ?d-t cells in the vaccinated group were increased on days 7 (p =.10), 14 (p =.09), and 31 (p = .12). cd4 t cells expressi ... | 2009 | 20425730 |
| parsonage-turner syndrome associated with anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus antibodies. | the parsonage-turner syndrome, a rare form of neuralgic amyotrophy of unknown aetiology, was diagnosed in a patient involved in an outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the patient, suffering from inflammation of the right shoulder with a permanent atrophy, developed anti-bvdv antibody titres which remained very high during the four following years of monitoring. | 2006 | 20429063 |
| genotypes of pestivirus rna detected in anti-influenza virus vaccines for human use. | nine polyvalent human influenza virus vaccines were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the presence of pestivirus rna. samples were selected from manufacturers in europe and the usa. three samples of the nine vaccines tested (33.3%) gave positive results for pestivirus rna. the 5'-untranslated genomic region sequence of the contaminant pestivirus rna was analysed based on primary nucleotide sequence homology and on secondary sequence structures characteristic ... | 2004 | 20437384 |
| characterisation of genotypes among bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 strains according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5 untranslated genomic region. | pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains from 61 isolates from cattle and sheep, and from some adventitious contaminants of biologicals, have been assessed using the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) located delin the 5' untranslated region (utr) of genomic rna. this genotyping procedure is new, simple and practical. two characteristics of the base pairings common to bvdv-2 species, a c-g or u-a pairing at the v1 locus, and ... | 2004 | 20437391 |
| how stable is the hepatitis c virus (hcv)? environmental stability of hcv and its susceptibility to chemical biocides. | in the absence of a cell culture system for propagation of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), the antiviral activity of disinfectants against hcv was extrapolated from studies with the bovine viral diarrhea virus. the recent development of an hcv infection system allowed the direct assessment of environmental stability and susceptibility to chemical disinfectants. | 2010 | 20441517 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus non-structural protein 5a interacts with nik- and ikkbeta-binding protein. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a positive-sense, single-stranded rna virus that causes an economically important livestock disease worldwide. previous studies have suggested that non-structural protein 5a (ns5a) from hepatitis c virus (hcv) and bvdv plays a similar role during virus infection. extensive reports are available on hcv ns5a and its interactions with the host cellular proteins; however, the role of ns5a during bvdv infection remains largely unclear. to identify the cellular pr ... | 2010 | 20444997 |
| hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection in a longhorn calf. | a newborn longhorn heifer calf presented with generalized tremors, muscle fasciculations, ataxia, and nystagmus. at necropsy, no gross central nervous system lesions were observed. histologically, the brain and spinal cord had mild to moderate diffuse microgliosis and astrocytosis, minimal nonsuppurative encephalitis, and decreased myelin staining. ultrastructural examination revealed thinning and absence of myelin sheaths. various cell types were immunohistochemically positive for bovine viral ... | 2010 | 20448278 |
| styrylbenzimidazoles. synthesis and biological activity - part 3. | as a follow up of an anti-flaviviridae project, a new series of variously substituted 2-styryl-benzimidazoles were synthesized and tested in vitro for biological activity. compounds were tested in cell-based assays against viruses representative of: i) two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. pestiviruses and flaviviruses; ii) other rna virus families, such as retroviridae, picornaviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae and reoviridae; iii) two dna virus families (herpesviridae a ... | 2010 | 20470249 |
| [sequence analysis, expression and antigenicity detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 gene]. | in this study, we cloned the ns3 gene from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vedevac strain. the result showed that the average p-distance of pestivirus ns3 amino acid sequence was 0.07 and the vedevac strain was classified to bvdv type 1. using pet-30a(+) as vector and escherichia coli rosetta (de3) as host, we obtained purified recombinant ns3 protein by ni-nta affinity chromatography. western blotting analysis demonstrated that both bvdv positive serum and classical swine fever virus (csfv) ... | 2010 | 20518342 |
| experimental infection of early pregnant cows with bovine viral diarrhea virus: transmission of virus to the reproductive tract and conceptus. | the objective of this study was to chronologically investigate the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection on early pregnant cows before placenta formation. six cows were intravenously inoculated with either bvdv (treated, n=4) or growth medium (control, n=2) (day 0) at day 26 of pregnancy. two treated cows and one control cow were euthanized on day 3 post-infection and the remaining animals were euthanized on day 6. bvdv was isolated from maternal tissues such as lymphoid or repr ... | 2011 | 20553701 |
| [genome sequencing and analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus-2 strain jz05-1 isolated in china]. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus, which is a widespread problem for beef and dairy herds, and has given rise to a significant loss in the livestock industry all over the world. the bvdv strain jz05-1 isolated from cattle in jilin, china generated cytopathic effect (cpe) in mdbk cells. eight overlapped gene fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced, the complete genom sequence of bvdv strain jz05-1 was assembled. according to the results, the jz05-1 ge ... | 2010 | 20572347 |
| validation of endogenous reference genes for rt-qpcr normalisation in bovine lymphoid cells (bl-3) infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). | reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) is a highly sensitive tool that can be used for accurate and reliable gene expression analysis; however, careful normalisation to a set of stably expressed endogenous reference genes is essential. expression levels of many reference genes in rt-qpcr analyses can be extremely variable under different experimental conditions, producing potentially erroneous results (bustin, 2002). this limitation can be overcome with a systematic evaluation of candi ... | 2010 | 20580438 |
| the extra 16-amino-acid peptide at c-terminal ns2 of the hypervirulent type-2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses has no effect on viral replication and ns2-3 processing of type-1 virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important cattle pathogen with worldwide distribution. besides the segregation of noncytopathic and cytopathic (cp) biotypes, bvdv exists as two genotypes. both genotypes cause similar disease, and the majority of type-2 bvdv (bvdv-2) is no more virulent than type-1 viruses (bvdv-1). however, some bvdv-2 viruses are hypervirulent and causative reagents of a lethal disease called severe acute bovine viral diarrhea. amino acid (aa) sequence ana ... | 2010 | 20589424 |
| seroepidemiology of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infection among estonian dairy herds and risk factors for the spread within herds. | the objectives of this study were to reassess the herd level and within-herd prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infection in estonian dairy cattle, estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for bulk tank milk (btm) testing and determine the risk factors related to high prevalence of the infection in herds. to estimate the herd prevalence, btm samples from each of the 1,205 herds that sell milk to dairy companies were analysed for bhv1 antibo ... | 2010 | 20598386 |
| the contribution of infections with bovine viral diarrhea viruses to bovine respiratory disease. | the contribution of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) to the development of bovine respiratory disease is the sum of several different factors. these factors include the contribution of acute uncomplicated bvdv infections, the high incidence of respiratory disease in animals persistently infected with bvdv, the immunosuppression that accompanies acute bvdv infections and predisposes animals to secondary infections, and the synergy resulting in increased virulence occurring in coinfections of ... | 2010 | 20619188 |
| characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus in brain tissues from nonambulatory (downer) cattle in korea. | between august 2008 and may 2009, 386 brain and serum samples from adult cattle (2-7 years old) showing a variety of clinical signs of downer cow syndrome were received by the national veterinary research and quarantine service. all brain samples were tested for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), immunohistochemistry (ihc), and antigen capture elisa (ag-elisa). the bvdv nucleic acid was detected in 54 of 386 (15.5%) bra ... | 2010 | 20622220 |
| synergistic experimental/computational studies on arylazoenamine derivatives that target the bovine viral diarrhea virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | starting from a series of arylazoenamine derivatives, shown to be selectively and potently active against the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), we developed a hierarchical combined experimental/molecular modeling strategy to explore the drug leads for the bvdv rna-dependent rna polymerase. accordingly, bvdv mutants resistant to lead compounds in our series were isolated, and the mutant residues on the viral molecular target, the rna-dependent rna polymerase, were identified. docking procedures ... | 2010 | 20638852 |
| complete genomic sequence of a border disease virus isolated from pyrenean chamois. | this report describes the full-length genome sequence of the pestivirus strain h2121 which was recently isolated from pyrenean chamois and typed as border disease virus (bdv) genotype 4. comparison with full-length genomic sequences of the approved pestivirus species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, bdv, and classical swine fever virus, the tentative species represented by strain giraffe-1, as well as the atypical pestivirus strain th/04_khonkaen confirmed that the chamois pestivi ... | 2010 | 20638945 |
| genetic and antigenic typing of border disease virus (bdv) isolates from italy reveals the existence of a novel bdv group. | border disease virus belongs to the pestivirus genus, within the family flaviviridae. genetic analysis of pestiviruses isolated from sheep in continental europe have led to the proposal that bdv isolates are segregated into at least seven clusters. in 2005 the molecular analysis of an italian caprine bdv strain provided evidence for the presence of an atypical pestivirus, which may represent the first member of a putative novel pestivirus sub-group. to further build on this study, ovine pestivir ... | 2011 | 20656426 |
| description of the first acute bovine diarrhea virus-2 outbreak in israel. | this is the first report of an acute and fatal outbreak of bovine diarrhea virus (bvdv)-2 infection in israel. the clinical presentation varied with the age of the affected animals with a bovine-respiratory-complex-like syndrome in young stock, and diarrhea and dysentery only in the lactating stock. enteritis first appeared in one shed of post-parturient cows; it spread for 6weeks, until at least 30% of the lactating stock contracted enteritis or dysentery. at the same time, dairy calves aged 10 ... | 2010 | 20656535 |
| electroporation enhances immune responses and protection induced by a bovine viral diarrhea virus dna vaccine in newborn calves with maternal antibodies. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is one of the major pathogens in cattle. in this study, newborn calves with maternal antibodies were vaccinated with a bvdv dna vaccine, either by conventional intramuscular (im) injection or with the trigrid™ delivery system for im delivery (tds-im). the calves vaccinated with the tds-im developed more rapidly and effectively bvdv-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. overall, the immune responses induced b ... | 2010 | 20670907 |
| maternal and fetal response to fetal persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infection of naïve pregnant cows with non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) results in transplacental infection of the fetus. infection of the pregnant cow with ncp bvdv late in gestation (after day 150) results in transient infection (ti), as both the dam and fetus can mount an immune response to the virus. in contrast, if the fetus is infected with ncp bvdv early in gestation (before day 150), the fetal immune system is undeveloped and unable to recognize the virus as foreign ... | 2010 | 20678166 |
| antibodies to pathogenic livestock viruses in a wild vicuña (vicugna vicugna) population in the argentinean andean altiplano. | serum samples from 128 wild vicuñas (vicugna vicugna) were tested for antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bpiv-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv-1), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), bluetongue virus (btv), equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), and influenza a virus equine (eiv). samples were collected in cieneguillas province of jujuy, in northern argentina. feces from 44 vicuñas were also collected to investigate rv shedding. llamas (la ... | 2010 | 20688660 |
| large scale in vivo risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) transmission through transfer of bovine embryos produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt). | the objective was to use the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a model to assess the risk of infectious disease transmission in the system of in vitro embryo production and transfer via somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) technology. the risks of bvdv transmission in the scnt embryo production were previously evaluated. in that in vitro study, following standard operating procedures (sop), including pre-nuclear transfer donor cell testing, oocyte decontamination and virus-free cell and embr ... | 2010 | 20708238 |
| epidemiology of pestivirus infection in wild ungulates of the french south alps. | inter-species transmission is often incriminated in the epidemiology of pestivirus diseases. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the french hautes-alpes department ... | 2011 | 20709472 |
| epidemiological study of pestiviruses in south american camelids in switzerland. | in the context of the ongoing eradication campaign for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cattle in switzerland, the role of south american camelids (sac) as a possible virus reservoir needed to be evaluated. | 2010 | 20726946 |
| surface functionalization of electrospun nanofibers for detecting e. coli o157:h7 and bvdv cells in a direct-charge transfer biosensor. | electrospinning is a versatile and cost effective method to fabricate biocompatible nanofibrous materials. the novel nanostructure significantly increases the surface area and mass transfer rate, which improves the biochemical binding effect and sensor signal to noise ratio. this paper presents the electrospinning method of nitrocellulose nanofibrous membrane and its antibody functionalization for application of bacterial and viral pathogen detection. the capillary action of the nanofibrous memb ... | 2010 | 20833013 |
| spatial modelling of the between-herd infection dynamics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in dairy herds in denmark. | according to the current literature bvdv-infected neighbours probably impose a high risk of infection of susceptible cattle herds. in the present study, the objective was to evaluate the risk of a dairy herd changing infection status (from not having persistently infected (pi) animals to having pi-animals) in relation to location and infection status of neighbouring cattle herds in denmark. in total, 7921 dairy herds were included in the analysis of spatial and non-spatial risk factors. the spat ... | 2010 | 20850882 |
| what is known about the antiviral agents active against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)? | viruses belonging to the flaviviridae family cause clinically significant diseases in humans and animals. this family includes three genera: pestivirus [including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)], flavivirus [including yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue virus, and west nile virus (wnv)], and hepacivirus [including hepatitis c virus (hcv)]. bvdv is responsible for major losses in cattle, causing a range of clinical manifestations, and is also a problematic contaminant in the laboratory. noncytop ... | 2010 | 20858174 |
| highly potent and selective inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by γ-carboline derivatives. | several novel γ-carboline derivatives were identified as selective inhibitors of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) replication in cell cultures. among them, 3,4,5-trimethyl-γ-carboline (sk3m4m5m) was the most active against bvdv (nose strain) in mdbk cells, with a 50% effective concentration of 0.017±0.005μm and a selectivity index of 435. the compound inhibited viral rna synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. in a time of drug-addition experiment during a single viral replication cycle, sk3m4m ... | 2010 | 20869990 |
| evaluation of three experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus killed vaccines adjuvanted with combinations of quil a cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (dda) bromide. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections cause respiratory, reproductive, and enteric disease in cattle. vaccination raises herd resistance and limits the spread of bvdv among cattle. both killed and modified live vaccines against bvdv are available. while modified live vaccines elicit an immune response with a broader range and a longer duration of immunity, killed vaccines are considered to be safer. one way to improve the performance of killed vaccines is to develop new adjuvants. the go ... | 2010 | 20872289 |
| analysis of bovine viral diarrhea viruses-infected monocytes: identification of cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotype differences. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection is widespread in cattle worldwide, causing important economic losses. pathogenesis of the disease caused by bvdv is complex, as each bvdv strain has two biotypes: non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). bvdv can cause a persistent latent infection and immune suppression if animals are infected with an ncp biotype during early gestation, followed by a subsequent infection of the cp biotype. the molecular mechanisms that underscore the complex disease ... | 2010 | 20946620 |
| a novel rt-lamp assay for rapid and simple detection of classical swine fever virus. | a simple and rapid assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was established using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). this study describes the amplification of the genomic rna of csfv under isothermal conditions (63 °c) within one hour, using a set of six primers (two outer primers, two inner primers and two loop primers). this rt-lamp assay showed 100-fold higher sensitivity than the standard rt-pcr method and identified eighteen addition ... | 2010 | 20960285 |
| an indirect elisa of classical swine fever virus based on quadruple antigenic epitope peptide expressed in e.coli. | in this study, a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein was expressed in e. coli to a obtain target protein. this target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect elisa for specifically detecting anti-csfv antibodies in serum samples from pigs. the p/n cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve (roc) analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples. the test ... | 2010 | 20960287 |
| monitoring for bovine viral diarrhea virus in austrian red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) by using ear-notch samples. | during 2007-09, ear-notch samples from free-living (n=527) and farmed (n=237) austrian red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) were tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) and type 2 (bvdv-2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and single-tube real-time reverse transcription pcr. ear-notch samples were collected by applying modified ear tags from randomly selected hunter-harvested red deer and from individuals originating from deer holdings. all samples tested negative for bvdv-1 and b ... | 2010 | 20966278 |
| epidemiological observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in korean indigenous calves. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important worldwide disease in the livestock industry. to date, little research has been done on bvdv circulating in the republic of korea (rok). the cases outlined in our research originated from rectal swabs taken from calves up to 80 days of age. twenty-two of 99 korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were identified as bvdv positive and 3 different 5'-untranslated region (utr) sequences were determined. the results indicated that bvdv infections in th ... | 2010 | 20978931 |
| vaccination with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1a vaccine completely protected calves against challenge with bvdv type 1b strains. | vaccination plays a significant role in the control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection and spread. recent studies revealed that type 1b is the predominant bvdv type 1 subgenotype, representing more than 75% of field isolates of bvdv-1. however, nearly all current, commercially available bvdv type 1 vaccines contain bvdv-1a strains. previous studies have indicated that anti-bvdv sera, induced by bvdv-1a viruses, show less neutralization activity to bvdv-1b isolates than type 1a. ther ... | 2010 | 21034829 |
| antiviral activities of isg20 in positive-strand rna virus infections. | isg20 is an interferon-inducible 3'-5' exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal rna viruses. however, the specificities of isg20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of isg20 on replication of several positive-strand rna viruses from distinct viral families. isg20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis c virus (hcv) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis a virus. ... | 2010 | 21036379 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in relation to fertility in heifers. | in this study, blood serum and leukocyte samples were collected from 400 holstein heifers, all of which appeared to be healthy. antibodies (ab) against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were detected in 57 serum samples, and bvdv antigen (ag) was detected in 38 leukocyte samples. there were statistically important differences between the average first insemination ages (fit) of the bvdv (ag-/ab+) heifers (p<0.0001) (pregnant p<0.05, nonpregnant p<0.0001) and bvdv (ag-/ab-) heifers. the average ... | 2010 | 21060245 |
| study of the kinetics of antibodies titres against viral pathogens and detection of rotavirus and parainfluenza 3 infections in captive crias of guanacos (lama guanicoe). | a longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the presence of antibodies (ab) to rotavirus (rv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi-3), bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv-1) and bluetongue virus (btv) in eleven guanaco's crias (chulengos) relocated from rio negro to buenos aires province (argentina) and reared in captivity for a year in an experimental field. serum samples were collected periodically to detect the evidence of viral infections. faecal samples were collec ... | 2010 | 21062425 |
| analysis of codon usage in bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a widespread virus in beef and dairy herds. bvdv has been grouped into two genotypes, genotype 1 and genotype 2. in this study, the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) values, effective number of codon (enc) values and nucleotide content were investigated, and a comparative analysis of codon usage patterns for open reading frames (orfs) of 22 bvdv genomes, including 14 of genotype 1 and 8 of genotype 2, was carried out. a high a+u content and low codon bi ... | 2010 | 21069395 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of an atypical pestivirus, strain izsplv_to. | recently, atypical bovine pestiviruses (bvdv-3) have been identified in batches of contaminated foetal calf serum (fcs) and in naturally infected cattle. during routine screening of fcs by conventional panpestivirus pcr assay, one batch showed traces of pestivirus nucleic acids, and the contaminating virus was typed as bvdv-3-like. phylogenetic analysis based on three genome regions (5'utr, n(pro) and e2) showed that this strain, named izsplv_to, clusters in a separate clade with ch_kaho/cont, a ... | 2010 | 21093884 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 isolated from cattle in india. | previous studies have shown that bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) subtype b is predominantly circulating in indian cattle. during testing for exotic pestiviruses between 2007 and 2010, bvdv-2 was identified by real time rt-pcr in two of 1446 cattle blood samples originating from thirteen states of india. the genetic analysis of the isolated virus in 5' utr, n(pro), entire structural genes (c, e(rns), e1 and e2), nonstructural genes ns2-3 besides 3' utr demonstrated that the nucleotid ... | 2010 | 21112633 |
| swine adipose stromal cells loaded with recombinant bovine herpesvirus 4 virions expressing a foreign antigen induce potent humoral immune responses in pigs. | increasingly effective vaccination strategies are needed to counteract the high incidence of contagious diseases associated with intensive swine breeding. recombinant viral vaccines are a promising new avenue in this direction. key features of viral vectors suitable for immunoprophylaxis are safety, ease of manipulation and the ability to replicate in a variety of hosts. most of the above requirements are met by bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4), a non-pathogenic dsdna virus capable of infecting a b ... | 2010 | 21115049 |
| clinical bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in jordan. | a 1-year-old holstein friesian heifer was presented for anorexia and acute diarrhoea. the heifer was born and raised at the farm. bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection was diagnosed using clinical signs and rt-pcr. clinical bvdv infection has never been reported in jordan. | 2010 | 21117287 |
| seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 in non-vaccinated cattle herds in the pacific region of central costa rica. | the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr, bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in a population of non-vaccinated, double purpose, dairy and beef herds in the pacific region of central costa rica. blood samples were collected from a total of 496 animals from 35 herds. sera were tested for antibodies against bhv-1(ibr) and bvdv types 1 and 2 using serum neutralization test. the average number of animals test ... | 2010 | 21128116 |
| genetic typing and epidemiologic observation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in western china. | whole blood samples (472) were collected during the period of 2006-2008 from 15 cattle farms in seven districts of the xinjiang uygur autonomous region, which is a major pastoral area and represents 1/6 of chinese territory. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-npcr) and sequenced within the 5'-untranslated region of the genome. approximately 43% (202 samples) were bvdv-positive. of the positive samples, 24 were chose ... | 2011 | 21132458 |
| evaluation of transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) between persistently infected and naive cattle by the horn fly (haematobia irritans). | identifying reservoirs and transmission routes for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are important in developing biosecurity programs. the aim of this study was to evaluate bvdv transmission by the hematophagous horn fly (haematobia irritans). flies collected from four persistently infected cattle were placed in fly cages attached to principal (n = 4) and control (n = 4) bvdv-naïve calves housed individually in isolation rooms. flies were able to feed on principal calves, but a barrier prevente ... | 2010 | 21136161 |
| [testing for btv, bvdv and bhv-1 in blood samples of new world camelids kept in middle germany]. | the susceptibility of camelids for infectious agents which may result in severe economic losses or which are strictly regulated for epidemiological reasons in farm animals potentially causes a mutual risk of transmission. this study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) as well as the presence of pestivirus antigen in new world camelids in central germany. therefore 107 serum samples fr ... | 2010 | 21141278 |
| hsp110-mediated enhancement of cd4+ t cell responses to the envelope glycoprotein of members of the family flaviviridae in vitro does not occur in vivo. | the use of heat shock proteins (hsp) to enhance activation of the immune response to chaperoned antigen is being explored for immunotherapy. hsp110 chaperones large protein substrates more effectively than hsp70, offering the potential to use complex antigens containing multiple epitopes in hsp-based vaccines. in this study, we investigated the ability of recombinant bovine hsp110 to chaperone e2 glycoprotein, the major envelope protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and the dominant targ ... | 2010 | 21147937 |