| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: therapy and prophylaxis. | | 1988 | 2969023 |
| [aids. trimetrexate--alternative in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1988 | 2969360 |
| ribosomal rna sequence shows pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the fungi. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportunistic infection in aids, and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in these and other immunocompromised patients. p. carinii is a eukaryotic microorganism of uncertain taxonomy that can infect numerous mammalian hosts. developing from a small, unicellular 'trophozoite' into a 'cyst' containing eight 'sporozoites', its life cycle superficially resembles those seen both in the protozoa and fungi. morphological and ultrastructural ... | 1988 | 2970013 |
| rapid separation of pneumocystis carinii from lung lavage fluids. | a simple, rapid procedure to separate pneumocystis carinii obtained by lavage of lungs of steroid-treated rats from rat leukocytes is described. commercially available monoclonal antibody to rat common leukocyte determinants is used to sediment the leukocytes, resulting in supernatant fluid containing p. carinii cells virtually free of intact rat cells. | 1988 | 2971670 |
| nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis without evidence of pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | to assess how often pneumocystis carinii organisms, p. carinii pneumonia, or other pulmonary pathologic processes were present in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without pulmonary symptoms or previous history of p. carinii, and with a normal chest roentgenogram. | 1988 | 2973275 |
| adverse cutaneous drug reactions in aids. | a maculopapular rash is reported in a girl with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with co-trimoxazole. aids patients seem to be at increased risk of adverse drug reactions. | 1988 | 2973344 |
| efficacy of trimetrexate, a potent lipid-soluble antifolate, in the treatment of rodent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | trimetrexate is a lipid-soluble antifolate that has been shown in vitro to be a much more potent inhibitor of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase than the conventionally used inhibitor trimethoprim. to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of trimetrexate, steroid-treated rats which spontaneously develop p. carinii pneumonia were used. rats treated with trimetrexate (25 mg/kg/d) plus sulfamethoxazole (250 mg/kg/d) orally responded at least as well as rats treated with trimethoprim (50 mg/kg/d) ... | 1988 | 2973755 |
| blastogenic responses to pneumocystis carinii among patients with human immunodeficiency (hiv) infection. | proliferative responses by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and rat spleen cells were measured to pneumocystis carinii in a blastogenic assay using organisms obtained from rat lungs and propagated in tissue culture as the antigen. responses occurred only in subjects with known prior exposure to p. carinii and the magnitude of the response varied with the number of organisms present in the antigen preparation and days in culture. healthy human adults showed higher proliferative responses ... | 1988 | 2975540 |
| treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1988 | 2976274 |
| value of open-lung biopsy in 87 immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates. | the authors performed a retrospective analysis of 87 consecutive immunocompromised patients who underwent open-lung biopsy at the university of utah medical center, salt lake city, utah, from january 1971 to june 1982. a specific histologic diagnosis was obtained in 62 (71%) of the patients, 33 of whom had infections. pneumocystis carinii was the most common microbial pathogen (16 patients), but no cases have been observed since 1980 when the routine use of prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfa began. ... | 1985 | 2981147 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome in childhood. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been observed with increasing frequency in children with associated hemophilia, high-risk environmental backgrounds, and blood transfusions. aids should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood immunodeficiency, and it must be distinguished from congenital disorders. we emphasize the importance of epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data in diagnosis and aggressive management of infectious complications. the relationship between huma ... | 1985 | 2982008 |
| listeria monocytogenes sepsis and small cell carcinoma of the rectum: an unusual presentation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a 26-year-old male homosexual initially presented with listeria monocytogenes sepsis and a small cell carcinoma of the rectum. his subsequent course included esophageal candidiasis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe t-lymphocyte abnormalities on immunologic testing, consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this represents the first case of aids associated with this unusual tumor and listeria infection. | 1985 | 2983527 |
| spectrum of pulmonary diseases associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | over a four-year period, 130 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were studied to assess the incidence and spectrum of pulmonary disease associated with this illness. in 61 patients (47 percent), respiratory abnormalities were either present on admission or later developed. multiple pathologic processes were present simultaneously in 24 patients and serial pulmonary problems developed in seven patients. infection was the most common cause of pulmonary parenchymal disease and was ... | 1985 | 2983548 |
| retrovirus-like particles in salivary glands, prostate and testes of aids patients. | aids associated retrovirus-like particles were identified in the salivary gland, prostate and/or testicle of two aids patients. these findings further suggest that saliva and semen may transmit the infection to susceptible individuals. | 1985 | 2984694 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing lung infection was determined in 276 fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations done on 171 patients with known or suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. of 173 pathogens (pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, m. tuberculosis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum) identified during the initial evaluation or in the subsequent month, the initial ... | 1985 | 2986505 |
| simultaneous occurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, kaposi's sarcoma, and b-immunoblastic sarcoma in a homosexual man. | the most common manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and/or kaposi's sarcoma. high-grade b-cell lymphomas have also been reported in homosexual men at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. we herein present the case of a homosexual man, who presented simultaneously with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute cytomegalovirus infection, kaposi's sarcoma, and b-cell immunoblastic sarcoma. severe compromise of both the b- and t-cel ... | 1985 | 2987560 |
| immediate causes of death in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we evaluated the immediate causes of death in 54 adults who underwent an autopsy and were diagnosed as having died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome between april 1980 and october 1983. the study group included 25 haitians, 19 homosexual men, five intravenous drug abusers, two hemophiliacs (type a), and three with no known risk. fourteen died of central nervous system diseases: 11 of toxoplasma encephalitis, one of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, one of viral encephalitis, an ... | 1985 | 2990379 |
| therapeutic approaches to patients with aids. | the immune systems of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are characterized by a profound defect in the number and function of helper/inducer t-lymphocytes, particularly at the level of soluble antigen recognition. due to this selective yet profound defect in the immune system, these patients are prone to recurrent severe opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma. while therapies exist for some of these complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, no effective therapies ... | 1985 | 2990706 |
| aids and haemophilia: morbidity and morality in a well defined population. | one hundred and forty-three multitransfused patients with hereditary haemostatic disorders were examined for evidence of disease related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). ninety-nine patients with severe haemophilia a were tested for anti-htlv-iii and 76 were found to be positive. all except one of these seropositive patients had received commercial factor viii concentrates at some time. eighteen patients with haemophilia b were tested and all were anti-htlv-iii negative. three ... | 1985 | 2994801 |
| polyclonal b cell hyperplasia associated with epstein-barr virus causing acute renal allograft failure. | six weeks post cadaver renal transplantation, a patient developed a flu-like illness. acute renal failure unresponsive to anti-rejection therapy occurred and he died four days later from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and streptococcus viridans septicemia. autopsy revealed a diffuse polymorphic polyclonal b cell infiltrate occupying most organs, including the allograft. primary epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection was established by 1) rising anti-ebv antibody titres; 2) the demonstration of ebv n ... | 1985 | 2994928 |
| treatment of infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the microorganisms that regularly infect patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have become well recognized. most take advantage of defects in t-lymphocyte function, but others, such as streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, take advantage of b-cell defects. still others, such as staphylococcus aureus and shigella species, occur or persist for reasons that are unclear. infections with organisms associated with hospitalization and medical procedures are also see ... | 1985 | 2996410 |
| treatment of infectious complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the infectious complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are discussed, and the conventional and nonconventional therapies used for these infections are reviewed. the infections most commonly encountered in patients with aids are pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (58%), candida esophagitis (31%), toxoplasmosis (21%), cytomegalovirus infections (15%), and herpes-simplex virus infections (12%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life-threatening process in these pa ... | 1985 | 2996829 |
| nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we compared conventional bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy (tbb) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) with non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nb-bal) in nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and bilateral lung infiltrates. nb-bal was carried out with a control-tipped reusable catheter. in each patient, bronchoscopic procedures were performed in the right lung, followed immediately by nb-bal in the left lung. the specimens obtained by nb-bal confirmed the presence of p ... | 1985 | 2996837 |
| diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar lavage in pneumonitis occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | fifty-two bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were performed in order to investigate 46 episodes of pneumonitis that occurred after allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. no complications have been attributed to this procedure. a specific etiologic diagnosis was obtained in 24 of 46 episodes (52%) by 26 of 52 bal (50%). cytomegalovirus (cmv), diagnosed by the presence of typical inclusions, was the pathogen most frequently identified by bal (13 of 46 episodes) and was associated with other causes of ... | 1985 | 2998245 |
| [aids fatalities in hamburg (status: february 1985)--legal medicine aspects]. | the registration of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and aids deaths is centralized for medical research. a short review of the epidemiological state of aids in hamburg is given (situation as of february 1985), and the autopsy results of seven postmortem examinations are referred to. kaposi's sarcoma was seen in four patients and opportunistic infections in all cases, especially as a result of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus. due to the constellation of groups wi ... | 1985 | 3000111 |
| [pulmonary lesions following bone marrow graft. study of 35 cases]. | lung biopsy of 35 patients with interstitial pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation (bmt) have been studied histologically, ultrastructurally and by immunofluorescence. among infectious diseases, cytomegaloviruses (cmv) are the more frequently found, whereas pneumocystis carinii infections are more frequently found in immunocompromised hosts without bmt. cmv infections are related to severe chronic graft-versus-host disease in allogenic or mismatched bmt. hemorrhagic pulmonary oedema ... | 1985 | 3000398 |
| lung in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: infectious and immunological status assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage. | bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has been performed in 63 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and 20 patients with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy (cgl) for the diagnosis of lung opportunistic infections and analysis of immune effector cells of the lower respiratory tract. in patients with aids, pneumocystis carinii was found in 63%. cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia was assessed by viral cultures of bal fluid and microscopic examination: cmv was found in 62% and 39% respectiv ... | 1985 | 3000489 |
| isolation and buoyant density of pneumocystis carinii in percoll gradients. | a new gradient material, percoll, a collodial suspension of silica particles covered with polyvinylpyrolidon, has been used to isolate pneumocystis carinii from infected rat and human lung tissues. the specific gravity of pneumocystis carinii was shown to be within the range of 1.018-1.062 g/ml with most pneumocysts within 1.033-1.049 g/ml. | 1985 | 3001637 |
| pneumonia associated with infection with pneumocystis, respiratory syncytial virus, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and cytomegalovirus in children in papua new guinea. | paired serum samples were collected from 94 children with pneumonia admitted to goroka hospital, papua new guinea. all but three of the children were aged 1-24 months. only nine children were malnourished, with weight for age less than 70% of the harvard median (three had weight for age less than 60% of the harvard median). pneumocystis carinii antigen was detected in the serum of 23 children. twenty two children had serological evidence of recent infection with respiratory syncytial virus. five ... | 1986 | 3002538 |
| opportunistic infections in patients with aids: clues to the epidemiology of aids and the relative virulence of pathogens. | the frequency of nine reactivating or opportunistic infections and kaposi's sarcoma among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was reviewed. the diagnoses of 87 patients reported from the colorado aids registry and 359 others from literature reports were abstracted, and data were placed in one of 11 categories on the basis of the risk group of the patient. pneumocystis carinii infection was significantly commoner among blood or blood-product recipients than among natives o ... | 1986 | 3006206 |
| diagnosis for interstitial lung disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids): a prospective comparison of bronchial washing, alveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy, and open-lung biopsy. | this study was undertaken to compare prospectively the diagnostic yield of the various bronchoscopic techniques with that of open-lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). under general anesthesia, 15 patients sequentially underwent bronchial washing, transbronchial lung biopsy, alveolar lavage, and open-lung biopsy in the same segment of lung. of nine patients with pneumocystis carinii, seven were diagnosed by means of the transbronchi ... | 1986 | 3006615 |
| pulmonary disease in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and aids-related complex. | two major pulmonary diseases were defined on the basis of lung biopsies in 15 children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was observed in eight children, and pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia in six. one child had nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. children with p. carinii pneumonia had more severe hypoxemia, with higher alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, and higher isomorphic elevations of serum lactate dehydrogenase. clinica ... | 1986 | 3007714 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids]. | the clinical, immunological and histological findings in a patient suffering the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are discussed. at the time of diagnosis htlv iii antibodies were not demonstrable. treatment with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole achieved a remission lasting 7 months so far. htlv iii antibodies became demonstrable after 5 months; the markedly decreased helper/suppressor ratio of 0.30 remained unchanged. | 1986 | 3008447 |
| infections in heart-lung transplant recipients. | infectious episodes were analyzed in 14 heart-lung transplant recipients who survived more than one week after transplantation. these patients had higher rates of infection than heart transplant recipients at our institution (p less than 0.01) and greater than 90% of all infections were potentially life-threatening. a total of 67% of all infections involved the lung or thoracic cavity as a primary site, and most of the rest were disseminated viral or fungal infections. pneumocystis carinii infec ... | 1986 | 3012834 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage as the exclusive diagnostic modality for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a prospective study among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). because retrospective studies suggested that bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) compared favorably to lung biopsy in the diagnosis of pcp, we prospectively evaluated the utility of bal in 40 consecutive patients with aids or risk of aids who presented with respiratory complaints. the bal revealed p carinii in 36 of 42 episodes of pneumonia ... | 1986 | 3013511 |
| secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis occurring in two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | this report describes two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in whom respiratory failure and opportunistic infection associated with secondary alveolar proteinosis developed. in one patient, the alveolar proteinosis was apparently secondary to mycobacterium tuberculosis and in the other to pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus infection. both patients died of respiratory failure, and it was suspected that secondary alveolar proteinosis could have been a contributing caus ... | 1986 | 3014876 |
| virologic studies of htlv-iii/lav in pregnancy: case report of a woman with aids. | the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in women is increasing. as of december 30, 1985, 1075 cases in women had been reported to the centers for disease control; 81% of these cases occurred in women of childbearing age (15 to 45 years). the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav) can be transmitted from mothers to their infants. described is a woman with transfusion-acquired aids who was six weeks' pregnant at the time pneumoc ... | 1986 | 3016628 |
| demonstration of spermatozoa in the lung of an aids patient. | using the dna-binding fluorochrome, dapi, spermatozoa and pneumocystis carinii were easily demonstrated in postmortem lung sections of an aids patient. the possible practical significance of these findings is discussed. | 1986 | 3018351 |
| spectrum of htlv-iii infection in a hemophilic cohort treated with blood products from a single manufacturer. | one hundred fifty-eight hemophilia a, b, and von willebrand disease (vwd) patients treated with clotting factor concentrates from a single manufacturer were tested for antibody to the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii). antibody was detected in 63% and 40% of those with severe hemophilia a and b, respectively, 12% and 0% of those with mild hemophilia a and b, and two patients with recessive vwd. forty-two antibody-positive and 20 antibody-negative patients were studied for clinical a ... | 1986 | 3020977 |
| pulmonary cytology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an analysis of 36 cases. | the infectious pathogens and associated cellular reactions in 75 pulmonary cytological specimens obtained largely by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 36 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are described and correlated with the biopsy specimens. an opportunistic pathogen was diagnosed in 33% of cytological preparations. pneumocystis carinii was encountered most frequently; cryptococcus neoformans and cytomegalovirus were also seen. the polymorphonuclear neutrophil was the predominan ... | 1986 | 3021408 |
| pulmonary cytology in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | over a 2-yr period, 1982-1984, 181 pulmonary cytology specimens were obtained from 45 patients clinically suspected of having aids in an attempt to identify the various organisms and the cytologic atypias present in pulmonary cells. cytologic correlations with autopsy findings were available for 28 of these cases (62%). specimens were collected from sputum, bronchial washes and brushes, bronchoalveolar lavages, and pleural fluid. of the 181 specimens, 121 (67%) were of diagnostic value. dependin ... | 1986 | 3021409 |
| infant pneumonitis associated with cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, pneumocystis, and ureaplasma: follow-up. | a total of 205 infants who were hospitalized when younger than 3 months of age for pneumonitis were followed longitudinally. of these patients, 145 (70%) had evidence of infection with one or more pathogens. the most common etiologic agents were chlamydia trachomatis 61/193 (36%), respiratory syncytial virus 33/142 (23%), cytomegalovirus 42/203 (20%), pneumocystis carinii 30/171 (17%), and ureaplasma urealyticum 21/125 (16%). the initial clinical presentation was characterized by cough, rales, n ... | 1987 | 3025807 |
| [autopsy findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | we have evaluated the autopsies of 11 patients with htlv iii/lav-infection. the clinical diagnosis was aids in 10 cases and aids related complex (arc) in one case. the most common infectious disease was pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, occurring in 5 cases. 3 patients showed evidence of mycobacterial infections and another three showed cytomegalovirus infections. kaposi's sarcoma was found in 4 and other malignancies in 3 cases. our results are in agreement with the findings of other authors. | 1986 | 3026119 |
| thoracic manifestations of aids. | of 67 hospitalized aids patients, 39 had pulmonary pathology. more than half of these patients died of pulmonary disease. pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were the most common pulmonary pathogens, and kaposi's sarcoma was the most common neoplasm. infections and neoplasms frequently coexist in the thorax of an aids patient. the chest radiograph may be normal in an aids patient with active pneumocystis pneumonia. | 1987 | 3026159 |
| overwhelming pneumonia. | overwhelming pneumonias remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. these illnesses may be rapidly fatal; thus, many patients are treated empirically. although the various etiologic agents cannot be differentiated on the basis of radiographic appearance, epidemiologic information may give a clue to the cause. community-acquired overwhelming pneumonias are usually due to pyogenic bacteria (especially streptococcus pneumoniae), mycoplasma, mycobacteria, and fungi. hospital-acquired pneum ... | 1987 | 3026760 |
| tissue diagnosis of selected aids-related opportunistic infections. | opportunistic infections are the most common initial manifestations of aids and, in many instances, are first encountered in surgical specimens. pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis is by far the most frequent infection seen in biopsy specimens of aids patients. most pathologists are familiar with its histopathologic presentations from previous experience. by contrast, many other opportunistic infections are either new or present clinically and pathologically in unfamiliar ways. cytomegalovirus affe ... | 1987 | 3028190 |
| kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. postmortem findings in twenty-four cases. | autopsy results on twenty-four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and kaposi's sarcoma were reviewed. at postmortem, 29% of patients had evidence of visceral kaposi's sarcoma without skin lesions. the most common sites for visceral involvement with kaposi's sarcoma were as follows: lung (37%), gastrointestinal tract (50%), and lymph nodes (50%). at the time of death, only 25% of patients had evidence of cutaneous disease alone. the patients survived up to 36 months after the ... | 1987 | 3029191 |
| the effectiveness of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pulmonary infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we evaluated the sensitivity of bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pulmonary infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the antemortem and postmortem diagnoses were compared in 36 patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy within two weeks of death. in autopsy-proved cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the organism was correctly identified antemortem in 22 (88%) of 25 cases, including 94% of adequate transbronchial bronc ... | 1987 | 3030223 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants given adrenocorticotropic hormone for infantile spasms. | | 1987 | 3035157 |
| pneumocystis carinii involvement of the bone marrow in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a case of pneumocystis carinii involvement of the bone marrow in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is reported. the literature is reviewed for other cases of known extrapulmonary dissemination of pneumocystis. potential mechanisms of dissemination of pneumocystis and its clinical implications are discussed. | 1987 | 3035916 |
| opportunistic infections in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) results in a t lymphocyte deficiency and, consequently, a susceptibility to opportunistic infections with organisms that previously were better known as causes of disease in patients with hodgkin's disease or recipients of immunosuppressive therapy. pneumocystis carinii, candida albicans, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) are among the most frequently observed pathogens in aids patients, followed by atypical mycobacteria, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium tu ... | 1987 | 3037706 |
| 'rejection or infection' predictive value of t-cell subject ratio, before and after heart transplantation. | peripheral t-cell subsets were monitored in ten heart and two heart-lung recipients pre- and up to one year post-operatively. prior to transplantation four patients had t-helper/t-cytotoxic suppressor ratios (th/ts-c) above the range for normal healthy controls and all required treatment for rejection episodes, as compared with three of eight patients whose pre-transplantation ratios were within the normal range. no patient with high th/ts-c ratios developed cytomegalovirus infection as compared ... | 1985 | 3039098 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: nature of immunodeficiency, clinical spectrum and management. | the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a retrovirus, human t lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus, now known as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). infection of children with hiv results in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to symptomatic, with the severest disease forms including neurologic deterioration, opportunistic infections and malignancy. this virus infects preferentially t cells bearing the cd4 receptors a ... | 1988 | 3041360 |
| using the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of pneumonia. | pneumonia/influenza is one of the top ten leading causes of mortality in the united states each year. the identification of the etiologic agent responsible for lower respiratory tract infection plays an important role in the proper management of this clinical problem. the specimens submitted for evaluation are obtained in diverse ways and include expectorated sputum, material from transtracheal and bronchoscopic procedures, pleural fluid and lung aspirates, and biopsy of actual lung tissue. proc ... | 1988 | 3041511 |
| diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. | nosocomial pneumonia occurs in 0.6% of hospitalized patients. the usual causative agents are gram-negative bacilli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and anaerobic bacteria. in immunocompromised hosts, the differential diagnosis also includes fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, nocardia, and pneumocystis carinii. important risk factors for the development of nosocomial pneumonia include prolonged mechanical ventilation, thoracic or upper abdominal surgery, altered mental status, underly ... | 1988 | 3041515 |
| parasitic pneumonia. | with few exceptions, the parasitic pneumonias most commonly encountered in the western hemisphere are diseases of compromised hosts; patients with aids are at particular risk. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurs eventually in 80% of aids patients; bronchoalveolar lavage is quite sensitive in establishing this diagnosis. toxoplasma gondii pneumonia, seen most often in the patient with aids, is characterized by multisystem involvement. strongyloides stercoralis infection is endemic in the southe ... | 1988 | 3041517 |
| [the rabbit, experimental host of pneumocystis carinii]. | pneumocystis carinii can be collected from experimentally immunodepressed rats. however, development of experimental pneumocystosis in this host requires corticoid-treatment during 8 to 12 weeks while p. carinii can be obtained from immunodepressed rabbits after 2 to 4 weeks. in 400 to 650 g body weight-white rabbits normally fed, two immunodepression protocols were used: (a) daily subcutaneous injections of hydrocortisone acetate (10 mg/kg body weight) and g penicillin (25,000 iu)-streptomycin ... | 1988 | 3041894 |
| respiratory complications of cardiac transplantation. | the authors evaluated all respiratory complications of cardiac transplantation in a 10-year study of 94 consecutive recipients. mean follow-up time was 20 +/- 17 months. the initial 20 patients were treated with azathioprine and prednisone, while the subsequent 74 patients received cyclosporine and prednisone. in the azathioprine group, respiratory infections accounted for 24 of 60 (40%) infections. two-thirds of the respiratory infections occurred in the first 3 postoperative months and were ge ... | 1988 | 3044104 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with indirect immunofluorescence test for detection of pneumocystis carinii specific immunoglobulins g, m, and a. | an elisa to measure pneumocystis carinii-specific igg, igm, and iga has been developed. the antigen was prepared from purified cysts by sonication and ultracentrifugation. antigen particles with sedimentation coefficients less than 165 s were used. the technique has been compared with indirect immunofluorescence, using whole cysts as antigen. ninety human sera were assayed. the results were significantly correlated. the elisa-technique was more sensitive, and owing to the soluble antigen the dai ... | 1988 | 3044401 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: detection of parasites in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by monoclonal antibodies. | diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia is based on identifying pneumocystis carinii cytochemically in material from the lung. the silver methenamine staining methods most commonly used are technically difficult and lack specificity. the diagnostic value of immunocytological identification of the parasite was evaluated by using mouse monoclonal antibody 3f6, specific for human pneumocystis, to identify p carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum by immunofluorescence and was compared with t ... | 1988 | 3044514 |
| pneumocystis carinii. | this article covers the biology, epidemiology, and pathology of infection with pneumocystis carinii. the clinical presentation, course, and treatment of pneumonia caused by this organism in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is discussed. | 1988 | 3044678 |
| pulmonary effects of aids: nosocomial transmission. | this review provides an overview of the risk of nosocomial infection in the "aids era." airborne spread of mycobacterium tuberculosis from affected patients has re-emerged as a hazard to hospital personnel. the risk of acquiring clinical illness due to pneumocystis carinii or cytomegalovirus is, in contrast, a function of the immunocompetence of the health care worker. methods of transmission as well as the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-related infection in the health care worker ... | 1988 | 3044687 |
| [cytological studies in pneumonological diagnosis]. | the following principles for the use of cytological examinations in pneumology are suggested: 1. the aim of cytological sputum examinations is diagnosis of tumors and not early detection of bronchial cancer in risk groups. 2. the diagnostic accuracy of cytological examinations depends mainly on the preparatory techniques. 3. cytology and histology are complementary methods in the diagnosis of tumors and should always be combined. 4. immunocytochemistry and electronmicroscopy are rarely indicated ... | 1988 | 3045955 |
| update on pentamidine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the chemistry, spectrum of activity, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of pentamidine are reviewed, and the role of the drug in treating pneumocystis carinii infections in immunocompromised patients is discussed. pentamidine isethionate, an aromatic diamidine compound, is active against certain protozoan organisms. used extensively in the tropics in the treatment of trypanosoma and leishmania infections, its value in the management of pneumocys ... | 1988 | 3046830 |
| the usefulness of open-lung biopsy in the pediatric bone marrow transplant population. | from october 1976 to october 1986, 126 children had bone marrow transplants at the children's hospital of philadelphia. the indications were acute lymphocytic leukemia (all) (30), nonlymphocytic leukemia (24), aplastic anemia (15), solid tumors (47), and miscellaneous conditions (10). of these, 21 (17%) underwent 22 open-lung biopsies. fourteen of these patients showed no causative microorganism. when a cause was found it was viral (usually cytomegalovirus [cmv]) in three, fungal in one, pneumoc ... | 1988 | 3047358 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1988 | 3050408 |
| [pneumocystosis]. | on the basis of personal experience, the microbiological, epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are analysed. | 1988 | 3050614 |
| use of a monoclonal antibody to detect pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by immunoperoxidase staining. | we evaluated the utility of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes pneumocystis carinii as a diagnostic tool in specimens of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum from patients in whom a diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia was being considered. in addition to routine processing for diagnosis by morphologic recognition of p carinii on a diff-quik-stained specimen, the specimen was reacted with a monoclonal antibody to p carinii and visualized in an avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase technique. of ... | 1988 | 3056320 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by lymphadenopathy and pneumothorax. | a case of generalized pneumocystis carinii infection presented as hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and was complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax. extrapulmonary p carinii infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is rare, and pneumothorax is even rarer. the purpose of this report is to call attention to these atypical features of p carinii infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1988 | 3058074 |
| clinical aspects of hiv infection in developing countries. | the hiv epidemic probably arose in africa at about the same time as in the west, and there is a significant seroprevalence of hiv in the central african region. however, the epidemiology and clinical course of aids are different in africa and in the west. in africa males are infected as often as females, and the commonest means of transmission is heterosexual intercourse. many hiv-infected people are symptomless, but many others present with or progress to generalized lymphadenopathy, pruritu ... | 1988 | 3058240 |
| infection as a complication of heart transplantation. | infection and cardiac rejection are the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation. at some transplant centers, more than half of the early transplantation-related deaths are the result of infection. the infectious agents may be transmitted to the host by means of the allograft, through blood transfusion, by nosocomial or environmental routes, or they may represent endogenous microbial flora or reactivation of a prior infection. the frequency of infectious com ... | 1988 | 3058911 |
| [internal and neurologic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is characterized by a multitude of clinical complications consisting of mainly opportunistic infections and malignancies. particularly often encountered and life-threatening conditions are therefore due to infections of the respiratory tract (pneumonias caused by pneumocystis carinii or cytomegalovirus) or the central nervous system (e.g. toxoplasmosis or cryptococcosis) and kaposi sarcoma or highly malignant non-hodgkin lymphomas. the course of the ... | 1988 | 3059690 |
| [aids in childhood]. | 1% of registered aids cases are children, 80% have been perinatally infected. special diagnostic criteria have to be applied for infants. intrauterine infection can produce a specific malformation syndrome. chronic pulmonary illness can be caused by pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia and-less frequently-by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia is responsive to corticoids. hiv infected mothers should refrain from breast feeding. teenagers have to be informed adequately about ... | 1988 | 3059691 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurs at some point in the course of disease in approximately 85 per cent of patients with aids. because of the frequency of p. carinii pneumonia and because it is readily treatable, prompt, accurate, and efficient diagnostic schemes are of extreme importance. the clinical presentation is generally characterized by fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. such symptoms in a patient from a recognized hiv transmission category should prompt a diagnostic ... | 1988 | 3060525 |
| treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and parenteral pentamidine isethionate are effective in 60 to 80 per cent of aids patients with pneumocystis pneumonia. adverse reactions are frequent with both agents, but because the adverse reactions are less severe with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, this agent is the drug of choice for patients who are not known to be intolerant of it. the recommended duration of therapy is 21 days. aerosolized pentamidine and intravenous trimetrexate are investigational agents ... | 1988 | 3060526 |
| aids-related kaposi's sarcoma: a review of its pathogenesis and treatment. | one of the most unusual manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the cutaneous tumor, kaposi's sarcoma. this rare and indolent tumor was once thought of as an interesting curiosity in europe and africa prior to the recognition of aids. currently, however, this tumor accounts for approximately one quarter of all cases of aids recognized in the united states, and while not the proximate cause of death in most cases, kaposi's sarcoma may cause severe physical and psychological mo ... | 1988 | 3061528 |
| projecting the medical costs of aids and arc in the united states. | we projected the direct medical costs of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex (arc) for the united states during the period 1987-1991, by applying current epidemiologic projections to state-of-the-art medical decision algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of aids-related illnesses. we included the cost of azidothymidine (azt) therapy, as well as other therapeutic innovations likely to be approved by the fda, and estimated average arc patient treatment costs. by co ... | 1988 | 3065476 |
| [current status of research on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1988 | 3067833 |
| protozoal infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | several protozoa have emerged as the major opportunistic infections and cause of death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the leading cause of death in aids patients. electron microscopy (em) usually shows numerous trophozoites and cysts of pneumocystis filling up the entire alveolar space, while only cysts are seen under the light microscope. the focal thickening of cyst wall of pneumocystis, as demonstrated by em and manifested as a "p ... | 1988 | 3073196 |
| update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--united states. | between june 1, 1981, and january 13, 1986, the centers for disease control (cdc) were notified of 16,458 (16,227 adults and 321 children) cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the us. of these, 8361 (51% of adults and 59% of the children) have died, including 71% of those diagnosed before july 1984. 90% of adults aids cases were 20-49 years old, and 93% were men. significant changes have occurred over time in the distribution of specific diseases reported. pneumocystis carin ... | 1986 | 3079867 |
| length of survival of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the united kingdom. | an analysis of the lengths of survival of patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting with different opportunistic diseases was performed using epidemiological data routinely collected at the phls communicable disease surveillance centre. the overall crude case fatality rate was 55.4% (93/168). the median survival times were: 21.2 months for kaposi's sarcoma, 12.5 months for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and 13.3 months for other opportunistic infections. the shortest medi ... | 1986 | 3089373 |
| eflornithine treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | | 1986 | 3093697 |
| clinical and bronchoscopic diagnosis of suspected pneumonia related to aids. | in a series of 25 patients with suspected pneumonia related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) the first 12 underwent routine fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage with or without transbronchial biopsy before treatment. eight were found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had typical clinical presentations with a prolonged history of symptoms, including a dry cough, and bilateral diffuse alveolar or interstitial shadowing in chest radiographs. among the subsequ ... | 1986 | 3094663 |
| serum amyloid protein a (saa): an indicator of inflammation in aids and aids-related complex (arc). | the acute phase protein serum amyloid a (saa) and c-reactive protein (crp) were measured in a group of 30 homo- and bisexual males with aids, 31 males with aids-related complex (arc) and 23 healthy male homosexual controls (hc) in copenhagen. the mean values of saa and crp were significantly higher in the aids group compared to the two other groups. saa was elevated also in the arc group, whereas the mean crp value was normal. no increase in saa and crp was found in the hc group. the aids patien ... | 1986 | 3095915 |
| remission of diarrhoea due to cryptosporidiosis in an immunodeficient child treated with hyperimmune bovine colostrum. | a boy aged 6 months who presented with poor weight gain, diarrhoea, and infection with pneumocystis carinii was found to have congenital hypogammaglobulinaemia, which did not improve despite monthly treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin. at the age of 3 years and 2 months he developed severe vomiting and diarrhoea due to cryptosporidiosis, which failed to respond to conventional treatment. infusion of hyperimmune bovine colostrum produced against parasite antigen, given by nasogastric tube, w ... | 1986 | 3096462 |
| infection and transfusion therapy in acute leukaemia. | granulocytopenia is the single most important risk factor for infection in patients with acute leukaemia. there are limitations to the effective prophylaxis of infection in granulocytopenic patients, but practical measures include the management of the patient in a private hospital room, the requirement of all medical personnel and visitors to wash their hands carefully and to wear masks, restricting the patient to a low-bacteria diet devoid of fresh fruit, vegetables and salads, and the adminis ... | 1986 | 3096621 |
| inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in african trypanosomes and pneumocystis carinii as a basis of chemotherapy: biochemical and clinical aspects. | the symposium provided dramatic evidence of the value of the use of polyamine inhibition via alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo, eflornithine) for advances in chemotherapy of trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and also for further understanding the metabolic importance of the ubiquitous polyamines in these organisms. | 1986 | 3098121 |
| co-trimoxazole red cell aplasia in leukaemia. | a 4 year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed a pure red cell aplasia 13 months after entering remission and while on maintenance chemotherapy. co-trimoxazole was also being administered for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii infection. when co-trimoxazole was stopped the red cell aplasia resolved. | 1987 | 3101617 |
| hiv infection and aids in newborn babies of mothers positive for hiv antibody. | 2/3 of the reported cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in children have no risk factor except a mother belonging to a group with an increased prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). there is evidence of transplacental passage of the virus during early and late gestation, but the incidence of fetal and neonatal infection in newborn babies of seropositive mothers has not yet been determined. this article presents the clinical and serological outcome ... | 1987 | 3103824 |
| from persistent generalised lymphadenopathy to aids: who will progress? | the current rate of progression of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was tested in a cohort of 105 homosexual men in london, uk. 5 patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 100 were seen every 3 months. all tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus antibody. previous clinical observations had shown oral candida; anemia; leucopenia; thrombocytopenia; enthrocyte sedimentation rate 15 mm in the 1st hour to be possible predicto ... | 1987 | 3105780 |
| [experimental infection with pneumocystis carinii in mice]. | | 1987 | 3109709 |
| postoperative enteral hyperalimentation for cryptosporidial acute cholecystitis associated with aids and enteritis. | a homosexual youth presented with undiagnosed acute cryptosporidial cholecystitis, a fever of 102.8 degrees f and a wbc of 3500/mm3. this was preceded by several months of watery diarrhea and 20% weight loss. following cholecystectomy, g-i function was maintained by efficient esophageal aspiration of swallowed air, with simultaneous immediate duodenal feeding of elemental diet. he absorbed 160 g amino acids and 4200 kcal, and was safely self-sufficient when discharged 26 hours postoperatively. r ... | 1987 | 3112208 |
| co-trimoxazole treatment of two fatal cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--changes in protozoan morphology and treatment method. | | 1987 | 3112273 |
| [effect of long-term preventive use of tmps on the composition and resistance behavior of aerobic fecal flora]. | trimethoprim sulfa is a valuable agent in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised children. like several other antimicrobial substances also tmps has an impact on the normal bacterial flora of children. tmps sensitive enterobacteria are eliminated from the gut flora within 48 hours. the impact on the total number of aerobic organisms and the composition of the fecal flora however is just moderate. major changes in gut flora result from previous administration of an ... | 1987 | 3112699 |
| review of death certificates to assess completeness of aids case reporting. | to assess the level of reporting of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases, the authors reviewed death certificates for periods of 3 months during july through december 1985 in each of four cities: washington, dc, new york city, boston, and chicago. since reporting began in 1981, these cities have reported 38 percent of all aids cases in the united states. death certificates were selected and matched to the aids surveillance registries in each city, and medical records of those not on t ... | 1987 | 3112848 |
| early predictors of in-hospital mortality for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | one hundred forty-five patients were initially seen with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). of the many features examined, several variables were identified early in the hospitalization for pcp that were associated with poor survival. these included multiple admissions, leukocytoses, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, decreased arterial oxygen pressure (tension), decreased arterial carbon dioxide pressure (tension), and decreased serum albumin levels. variables that were associated ... | 1987 | 3115209 |
| surveillance of aids in the united kingdom. | the surveillance of cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in the united kingdom is described and a preliminary analysis made of the 1012 cases that were reported to the end of august 1987. homosexuals were the largest risk group. for the first time it is possible to present cases by the date of diagnosis and by the regional health authority of residence. the rate of increase of new cases shows no sign of slowing down. one third of patients with aids lived in a different regiona ... | 1987 | 3121064 |
| detection of surface carbohydrates on pneumocystis carinii by fluorescein-conjugated lectins. | lectins react with a wide range of different carbohydrates (table 1). even so-called monospecific anti-h(o) lectins from lotus tetragonolobus, ulex europaeus, and anguilla anguilla react not only with the anti-h determinant but also with several fucosylated carbohydrates. consequently, the type of lectin receptor existing on the surface of pneumocystis carinii should be determined, because only a carbohydrate analysis can demonstrate the kind of carbohydrates which exist on the cell surface of t ... | 1987 | 3125541 |
| prophylaxis of infection in bone marrow transplants. | bone marrow transplants experience severe immuno-deficiency as a consequence of pretransplant radiation and chemotherapy, transient granulocytopenia before marrow engraftment, and post-transplant prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease with immuno-suppressive agents. during periods of granulocytopenia, chemoprophylaxis with the oral fluorinated quinolones can prevent colonization and infection with gram-negative bacilli, is better tolerated than oral non-absorbable antibiotics or t ... | 1988 | 3127217 |
| the role of the fda in the effort against aids. | the food and drug administration has instituted several pro-active measures to expedite the review of treatments, diagnostics, and vaccines for aids and related conditions. in particular, the agency has established a special designation--1-aa--for a potential aids product which gives top priority to its review. this special expedited review process for aids products has provided for greater cooperation between their sponsors and fda's reviewers. aids products also receive prompt consideration fo ... | 1988 | 3131814 |