| development of tea extracts and chitosan composite films for active packaging materials. | the effects of 0.5%, 1% and 2% green tea extracts (gte) and black tea extracts (bte) on the physical, structural and antioxidant properties of chitosan films were investigated. results showed that the addition of tea extracts significantly decreased water vapour permeability and increased the antioxidant ability of films. the dpph radical scavenging ability of gte films was stronger than that of bte films in all food simulants (0%, 20%, 75% and 95% ethanol). the equilibration time in different f ... | 2013 | 23603075 |
| evaluation of reproductive and developmental toxicities of pu-erh black tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) extract in sprague dawley rats. | pu-erh black tea, which is obtained by first parching crude green tea leaves and followed by secondary fermentation with microorganisms, has been believed to be beneficial beverages for health in pr china. but its potential toxicity when administered at a high dose as concentrated extract has not been completely investigated. | 2013 | 23602733 |
| cross-sectional dietary deficiencies among a prison population in papua new guinea. | to investigate the dietary adequacy of prisoners of beon prison, madang, papua new guinea in response to a report of possible nutritional deficiency. | 2013 | 23601963 |
| selective speciation of inorganic antimony on tetraethylenepentamine bonded silica gel column and its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. | a speciation system for antimony (iii) and antimony (v) ions that based on solid phase extraction on tetraethylenepentamine bonded silica gel has been established. antimony was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gf-aas). analytical conditions including ph, sample volume, etc., were studied for the quantitative recoveries of sb (iii) and sb (v). matrix effects on the recovery were also investigated. the recovery values and detection limit for antimony (iii) at optimal ... | 2013 | 23598207 |
| dose-response plasma appearance of green tea catechins in adults. | tea is an infusion of the camellia sinensis leaves. the most prevalent bioactive compounds in green tea are catechins (c), which are of great interest for their potential health-promoting effects. however, metabolism and bioavailability of c are not fully understood. | 2013 | 23589502 |
| inhibition of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze on microcystis aeruginosa and isolation of the inhibition factors. | low concentration of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) was shown to inhibit the growth of the toxic cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa. the inhibition efficiency was 40% at 0.1 g dry tea/l and 90% at 0.2 g/l after a 12-day culture. all varieties of tea used in the test could inhibit microcystis growth, in which the inhibitory effect of green tea was greater than that of black tea. antialgal allelochemicals were isolated from tea by solvent extraction, gel-chromatography and high performa ... | 2013 | 23584804 |
| flavonol glycosides with lipid accumulation inhibitory activity and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 15 polyphenols and caffeine in the flower buds of camellia sinensis from different regions by lcms. | a simultaneous quantitative analytical method for 15 major polyphenols, e.g. five catechins (1-5) and 10 flavonols (6-15), as functional constituents in the extracts of "tea flowers", the flower buds of camellia sinensis (theaceae), has been developed. the content of caffeine (16), which showed similar chromatographic behaviour under the analytical conditions, was also determined. to approve the validity of the newly developed protocol, thirteen extracts of the plant's flower buds collected from ... | 2013 | 23578653 |
| black tea lowers the rate of blood pressure variation: a randomized controlled trial. | measures of blood pressure variation have been associated with cardiovascular disease and related outcomes. the regular consumption of black tea can lower blood pressure, but its effects on blood pressure variation have yet to be investigated. | 2013 | 23553154 |
| chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of tea polyphenols in hepatocellular cancer. | the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of tea have been attributed to green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins besides several other polyphenolic compounds. tea polyphenols possess potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and modulate several signaling pathways. these biochemical facets of tea polyphenols are responsible for its anticancer properties. several lethal cancers, such as liver cancer, develop within a background of oxidative stress and inflammation. liver cancer, ... | 2013 | 23530632 |
| analysis of the inhibition of pai-1 by metal theaflavin complexes and their degradation products. | the inhibition of elements of the plasminogen activator system [urokinase (upa), tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1)] plays an important role in human diseases. pai-1 is overexpressed in obesity and diabetes, and the inhibition of this protein has been postulated to alleviate the symptoms of both disorders. we found that two theaflavins (tfs) from black tea inhibit pai-1 and we suggest that the beneficial effects of drinking tea may be associated with ... | 2013 | 23525250 |
| studies on black tea (camellia sinensis) extract as a potential antioxidant and a probable radioprotector. | positive health effects of tea (camellia sinensis) on a wide range of physiological problems and diseases are well known and are in part due to its copious antioxidant content. the effect of black tea extract (bte), which is rich in polyphenolic antioxidants, against the consequences of radiation exposure has not been properly identified. the functional properties of bte were analyzed and its radioprotective effect on v79 cells was explored in the present study. bte scavenged free radicals and i ... | 2013 | 23519756 |
| epimerization of green tea catechins during brewing does not affect the ability to poison human type ii topoisomerases. | (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves, and many of its cellular effects are consistent with its actions as a topoisomerase ii poison. in contrast to genistein and several related bioflavonoids that act as interfacial poisons, egcg was the first bioflavonoid shown to act as a covalent topoisomerase ii poison. although studies routinely examine the effects of dietary phytochemicals on enzyme and cellular ... | 2013 | 23514406 |
| influence of the green tea leaf extract on neurotoxicity of aluminium chloride in rats. | aluminium may have an important role in the aetiology/pathogenesis/precipitation of alzheimer's disease. because green tea (camellia sinensis l.) reportedly has health-promoting effects in the central nervous system, we evaluated the effects of green tea leaf extract (gtle) on aluminium chloride (alcl3 ) neurotoxicity in rats. all solutions were injected into the cornu ammonis region 1 hippocampal region. we measured the performance of active avoidance (aa) tasks, various enzyme activities and t ... | 2014 | 23494944 |
| the effect of green tea extract on fat oxidation at rest and during exercise: evidence of efficacy and proposed mechanisms. | green tea is made from the leaves of the camellia sinensis l plant, which is rich in polyphenol catechins and caffeine. there is increasing interest in the potential role of green tea extract (gte) in fat metabolism and its influence on health and exercise performance. a number of studies have observed positive effects of gte on fat metabolism at rest and during exercise, following both shorter and longer term intake. however, overall, the literature is inconclusive. the fact that not all studie ... | 2013 | 23493529 |
| the effect of black tea and caffeine on regional cerebral blood flow measured with arterial spin labeling. | black tea consumption has been shown to improve peripheral vascular function. its effect on brain vasculature is unknown, though tea contains small amounts of caffeine, a psychoactive substance known to influence cerebral blood flow (cbf). we investigated the effects on cbf due to the intake of tea components in 20 healthy men in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. on separate days, subjects received a single dose of 184 mg caffeine (equivalent to one strong espresso coffee), ... | 2013 | 23486295 |
| inhibitory activity of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. | to determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of green tea extract on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. | 2013 | 23485656 |
| characterization and activity of anthocyanins in zijuan tea (camellia sinensis var. kitamura). | zijuan tea is a new cultivar produced in yunnan province of china. unlike most tea cultivars, zijuan tea is anthocyanin-rich. the composition and antioxidant activities of anthocyanins of zijuan tea were studied for the first time in this paper. anthocyanins were extracted with acidified methanol and quantified as 707 ± 28 μg/g of dry weight (cyanidin-3-o-β-d-glucoside equivalent) by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis. four anthocyanins were successfully identified after ambe ... | 2013 | 23477682 |
| serum urate levels and consumption of common beverages and alcohol among chinese in singapore. | western studies suggest that beverages may affect serum urate (su) levels, but data from asian populations are scarce. we evaluated the associations between beverages and su levels in singaporean chinese. | 2013 | 23463601 |
| development and validation of an efficient automated method for the analysis of 300 pesticides in foods using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | in this study, a fully automated system was developed for the determination of more than 300 different pesticides from various food commodities. the samples were extracted with acetonitrile prior to the injection into the two-dimensional lc-system. no manual clean-up was needed. the separation of analytes and matrix compounds was carried out by a ymc-pack diol (2.1 mm×100 mm; 5 μm; 120å) hilic column in the first dimension. all analytes eluted within one small fraction at the beginning of the ru ... | 2013 | 23462110 |
| doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and cardiac function improvement after stem cell therapy diagnosed by strain echocardiography. | doxorubicin (dox) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents; however, it causes dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. evaluation of left ventricular function relies on measurements based on m-mode echocardiography. a new technique based on quantification of myocardial motion and deformation, strain echocardiography, has been showed promising profile for early detection of cardiac dysfunction. different therapy strategies, such as flavonoid plant extracts and stem cells, have been investigate ... | 2013 | 23459697 |
| effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract on healing process of surgical wounds in rat. | green tea (camellia sinensis) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may enhance wound healing process. the present study, therefore, was aimed to examine the effect of green tea ethanolic extract on wound healing process. for this experimental study, 36 healthy male wistar rats were randomly designated to three groups of a, b, and c which, respectively treated with, vaseline + 0.6% green tea extract, vaseline and normal saline for 21 days. wounds' length and area were measured by ... | 2013 | 23459184 |
| tea and health: studies in humans. | tea, next to water is the cheapest beverage humans consume. drinking the beverage tea has been considered a healthpromoting habit since ancient times. the modern medicinal research is providing a scientific basis for this belief. the evidence supporting the health benefits of tea drinking grows stronger with each new study that is published in the scientific literature. tea plant camellia sinensis has been cultivated for thousands of years and its leaves have been used for medicinal purposes. te ... | 2013 | 23448443 |
| effect of electrolyzed reduced water on chiral theanine and polyphenols in tea. | pure d/l-theanine enantiomers were synthesized separately, and sem was used for their crystal-structure observation. the novel enantiomeric separating method by hplc was established using the chiral selector of β-cd in the mobile phase. green tea, white tea, oolong tea, black tea and pu-erh tea were tested for theanine enantiomers by different degrees of fermentation. the significantly higher d-enantiomeric proportion of theanine was found in white tea than the others, which was probably due to ... | 2012 | 23442618 |
| influence on longevity of blueberry, cinnamon, green and black tea, pomegranate, sesame, curcumin, morin, pycnogenol, quercetin, and taxifolin fed iso-calorically to long-lived, f1 hybrid mice. | phytonutrients reportedly extend the life span of caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila, and mice. we tested extracts of blueberry, pomegranate, green and black tea, cinnamon, sesame, and french maritime pine bark (pycnogenol and taxifolin), as well as curcumin, morin, and quercetin for their effects on the life span of mice. while many of these phytonutrients reportedly extend the life span of model organisms, we found no significant effect on the life span of male f1 hybrid mice, even though the ... | 2013 | 23432089 |
| green tea extract supplementation induces the lipolytic pathway, attenuates obesity, and reduces low-grade inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green tea camellia sinensis extract on proinflammatory molecules and lipolytic protein levels in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. animals were randomized into four groups: cw (chow diet and water); cg (chow diet and water + green tea extract); hw (high-fat diet and water); hg (high-fat diet and water + green tea extract). the mice were fed ad libitum with chow or high-fat diet and concomitantly supplemented (oral gavage) with 400 mg/ ... | 2013 | 23431242 |
| spatial distribution and management of isolated woody plants traditionally used as farmland boundary markers in ibaraki prefecture, japan. | although noncrop woody plants in crop field landscapes serve multiple functions, the modernization of agriculture has threatened their preservation. in this study, isolated woody plants used as farmland boundary markers were investigated in ibaraki prefecture in the eastern kanto region. a total of 2001 individuals of 50 species were found around 177 equidistantly spaced points. the most frequently used species was deutzia crenata (60.7%), and the main subordinate species were pourthiaea villosa ... | 2012 | 23420389 |
| electroantennogram responses of the tea slug moth, iragoides fasciata to some plant volatiles associated with tea, camellia sinensis. | electroantennogram responses to a wide range of plant volatile compounds that have been identified in tea plants camellia sinensis l. (ericales: theaceae) were recorded from males and females of the tea slug moth, iragoides fasciata moore (lepidoptera: limacodidae). the responses to 26 compounds, belonging to several chemical classes, and two mixtures were evaluated. the results showed significantly different electroantennogram responses to the different chemicals, as well as significantly diffe ... | 2012 | 23414096 |
| biological clues to potent dna-damaging activities in food and flavoring. | population differences in age-related diseases and cancer could stem from differences in diet. to characterize dna strand-breaking activities in selected foods/beverages, flavorings, and some of their constituent chemicals, we used p53r cells, a cellular assay sensitive to such breaks. substances testing positive included reference chemicals: quinacrine (peak response, 51×) and etoposide (33×); flavonoids: egcg (19×), curcumin (12×), apigenin (9×), and quercetin (7×); beverages: chamomile (11×), ... | 2013 | 23402862 |
| purification, characterization and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides from green tea. | the crude tea polysaccharides were extracted from the leaves of camellia sinensis using deionized water. the tea polysaccharides (tps) were further separated and purified by anion exchange chromatograph on deae sepharose cl-6b column to afford tps-1, tps-2, tps-3 and tps-4. the high performance gel permeation chromatograph analysis showed that the average molecular weight of polysaccharides (tps-1, tps-2 and tps-3) were 20,760, 24,230 and 250,643, respectively. tps-4 was 689, 113 and 4150, sugge ... | 2013 | 23399132 |
| monitoring of some pesticides residue in consumed tea in tehran market. | tea is an agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of various cultivars and sub-varieties of the camellia sinensis plant, processed and vulcanized using various methods. tea is a main beverage in iranian food basket so should be free from toxic elements such as pesticides residue. there is no data bank on the residue of pesticides in the consumed black tea in iran. the present study is the first attempt for monitoring of 25 pesticide residues from different chemical groups i ... | 2013 | 23369650 |
| adsorption kinetics of rhodamine-b on used black tea leaves. | rhodamine b (rh-b) is one of the most common pollutants in the effluents of textile industries effluents in developing countries. this study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of used black tea leaves (ubtl) for the adsorptive removal of rh-b from aqueous system by investigating the adsorption kinetics in batch process. the effects of concentration and temperature on adsorption kinetics were examined. first-, second- and pseudo-second order kinetic equations were used to investigate t ... | 2012 | 23369452 |
| determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infusion tea cultivated in north of iran. | tea is one of the most common drinks in all over the world. rapid urbanization and industrialization in recent decades has increased heavy metals in tea and other foods. in this research, heavy metal contents such as lead (pb), cadmium (cd) and arsenic (as) were determined in 105 black tea samples cultivated in guilan and mazandaran provinces in north of iran and their tea infusions. the amount of heavy metals in black tea infusions were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission ... | 2012 | 23369381 |
| effects of green tea, black tea, and coffee consumption on the risk of esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. | epidemiological studies regarding the associations of tea and coffee consumption with esophageal cancer (ec) risk are still inconsistent and this meta-analysis was conducted to examine these associations. pubmed, isi -web of science, china national knowledge infrastructure (cnki), and chinese vip database up to october 2011 were searched and manual search for reference lists of relevant studies were conducted. random effects model was used to pool the odds ratios (or). twenty-four case-control a ... | 2013 | 23368908 |
| camellia sinensis (green tea) extract attenuate acrylamide induced testicular damage in albino rats. | acrylamide is a proved toxin for testicular function, found in food when heated for long period of time. green tea (camellia sinensis) is a potent antioxidant; the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of green tea extract against the toxic effects of acrylamide in rat testes. | 2014 | 23364758 |
| the association of tea consumption with bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis. | the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer has been confirmed in several animal studies, but one epidemiological study in 2001 showed no association between them. in order to provide an accurate assessment of this, we conducted a meta-analysis on tea consumption and bladder cancer risk. studies were identified by a literature search in pubmed from january 1980 to march 2012 and the reference lists of relevant studies. random effect models were used to calculate summary relative r ... | 2013 | 23353620 |
| the effect of camellia sinensis (green tea) mouthwash on plaque-induced gingivitis: a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. | background and the purpose of the studycomplementary medicine received high attention during last decades. we aimed to assess the efficacy of green tea mouthwash on plaque-induced gingivitis as the most common form of periodontal disease. | 2012 | 23351842 |
| monitoring of pesticide residues in south indian tea. | tea is the most commonly consumed beverage in the world. tea infusion is prepared by pouring boiling hot water over cured leaves of the camellia sinensis plant. such a beverage should be free from toxic chemicals. studies on the monitoring of pesticide residues in tea of south india had been carried. tea samples collected from different districts of south india were analysed for the residues of certain pesticide such as dicofol, ethion, quinalphos, hexaconazole, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate and pr ... | 2013 | 23341056 |
| targeting ret to induce medullary thyroid cancer cell apoptosis: an antagonistic interplay between pi3k/akt and p38mapk/caspase-8 pathways. | mutations in rearranged during transfection (ret) receptor tyrosine, followed by the oncogenic activation of ret kinase is responsible for the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy. targeting ret, therefore, might be useful in tailoring surveillance of mtc patients. here we showed that theaflavins, the bioactive components of black tea, successfully induced apoptosis in human mtc cell line, tt, by inversely modulating two molecular pat ... | 2013 | 23329180 |
| effect of green tea extract on the treatment of dentin erosion: an in vitro study. | the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of green tea on dentin erosion. | 2012 | 23323184 |
| plant food supplements with anti-inflammatory properties: a systematic review (i). | plant food supplements (pfs) receive great acceptance by european consumers. however, quality and efficacy of these products remain a question of concern. the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for or against the efficacy of pfs for coping inflammatory conditions by considering epidemiological and human intervention studies. the review, which consists of two parts, considers olea europea l., camellia sinensis l., vitis vinifera l., and matricaria r ... | 2013 | 23320910 |
| phenolic acid concentrations in plasma and urine from men consuming green or black tea and potential chemopreventive properties for colon cancer. | tea polyphenols are metabolized by the colonic microflora yielding phenolic metabolites, which may contribute to the health benefits of tea. we determined the serum and urine concentrations of phenolic acids, hippuric acid, and polyhydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones during green tea (gt) and black tea (bt) administration. the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-dhpaa) alone and in combination on bioavailability, intracellular metabolism, and antipro ... | 2013 | 23319439 |
| analysis of dormant bud (banjhi) specific transcriptome of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) from cdna library revealed dormancy-related genes. | bud dormancy is of ecological and economical interest due to its impact on tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) plant growth and yield. growth regulation associated with dormancy is an essential element in plant's life cycle that leads to changes in expression of large number of genes. in order to identify and provide a picture of the transcriptome profile, cdna library was constructed from dormant bud (banjhi) of tea. sequence and gene ontology analysis of 3,500 clones, in many cases, enabled ... | 2013 | 23315209 |
| black tea consumption and risk of stroke in women and men. | our aim was examine the association between black tea consumption and risk of total stroke and stroke types in a prospective study. | 2013 | 23295000 |
| nutritional status assessment of minodar residence in qazvin city, iran: vitamin d deficiency in sunshine country, a public health issue. | nutrition has main effect on health or disease and results of nutrition assessment can be used in health planning of communities. therefore we aimed to conduct the nutrition assessment especially vitamin d statue of an urban region in qazvin city. | 2012 | 23283050 |
| isolation and characterization of histone1 gene and its promoter from tea plant (camellia sinensis). | one 1.2 kbp long sequence was cloned by using pcr with primers that were designed from cdna sequence of csh1 gene (genbank: eu716314) from tea plant (camellia sinensis). according to the 1.2 kbp sequence, a 0.6 kbp sequence was isolated from tea plant genomic dna using dna walking method. sequence analysis revealed that the 1.2 kbp sequence is a csh1 gene consisting of 1 exon and 2 introns, the border of exton and intron sequences conforming to the gt-ag rule, and the 0.6 kbp sequence was found ... | 2013 | 23277399 |
| dehydrin2 is a stress-inducible, whereas dehydrin1 is constitutively expressed but up-regulated gene under varied cues in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | two expressed sequence tags with similarity to dehydrin were cloned to full-length (csdhn1 and csdhn2) through rapid amplification of cdna ends. csdhn1 and csdhn2 were 1,027 and 992 base pair long and encoded for predicted polypeptides of 260 and 201 amino acids, respectively. deduced csdhn1 protein had a s-segment and three lysine-rich consensus motifs (k-segments). the y-segment was, however, absent in the deduced csdhn1. csdhn2 had three y motifs, one s-segment and two k-segments. expression ... | 2013 | 23275208 |
| polyphenol bioaccessibility and sugar reducing capacity of black, green, and white teas. | tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage and recognised for its potential enhancing effect on human health due to its rich polyphenol content. while a number of studies have investigated the quantity and type of polyphenols present in different tea samples, no study has reported the potential effect of digestive enzymes on the availability of tea polyphenols for human absorption or the subsequent impact on glycaemic response. the objectives of the present study were to assess the to ... | 2013 | 26904591 |
| antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of iranian green tea in the formalin test in rats. | tea (camellia sinensis) has been utilised, since time immemorial, as a beverage possessing encouraging health benefits. little scientific evidence exists in literature on the effect of this plant on pain. | 2013 | 24624180 |
| nitric oxide participates in cold-inhibited camellia sinensis pollen germination and tube growth partly via cgmp in vitro. | nitric oxide (no) plays essential roles in many biotic and abiotic stresses in plant development procedures, including pollen tube growth. here, effects of no on cold stress inhibited pollen germination and tube growth in camellia sinensis were investigated in vitro. the no production, no synthase (nos)-like activity, cgmp content and proline (pro) accumulation upon treatment with no scavenger cptio, nos inhibitor l-nna, no donor dea nonoate, guanylate cyclase (gc) inhibitor odq or phosphodieste ... | 2012 | 23272244 |
| influence of different fermentation raw materials on pyrolyzates of pu-erh tea theabrownin by curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. | in this study, pu-erh tea was prepared by solid-state fermentation of the sun-dried green tea, short-fermentation black tea, and black tea. ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (cp-py-gc/ms) were used to study the characteristics and chemical compositions of the tb formed in these pu-erh teas. | 2013 | 23270831 |
| travelling with tea: a tuckerella's tale. | tuckerella japonica ehara appears strongly associated with tea (camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze, theaceae) and, due to certain cultural practices in tea production, has in fact become a world traveller, accompanying the greatly coveted tea plant as it spread across the planet. the history of tea production and culture, and its arrival in the usa, provides the backdrop for this traveller's tale. tuckerella japonica is morphologically similar to t. flabellifera miller, described from tasmania in aus ... | 2013 | 23266716 |
| compositional analysis of leaf cuticular membranes isolated from tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). | chemical constituents of cuticular membranes (cms) isolated from three tea cultivars (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze cvs. yabukita, samidori and gokou) were compared. all cms from the adaxial side of the leaves showed higher accumulation of wax, cutin and polysaccharide, while those from the abaxial side were abundant in cutan, showing the adaptation of the adaxial side to abiotic stresses, such as wind and rain, in contrast to the abaxial side, which provides defence against pathogens. yabuki ... | 2013 | 23265489 |
| synergetic downregulation of 67 kda laminin receptor by the green tea (camellia sinensis) secondary plant compound epigallocatechin gallate: a new gateway in metastasis prevention? | in traditional chinese medicine, green tea is considered to have a life-prolonging effect, possibly as a result of its rich content of antioxidant tea polyphenols, and hence has the potential to prevent cancer. this study investigated the role of the major tea secondary plant compound epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) for its inhibitory effects on the metastasis-associated 67 kda laminin receptor (67lr). | 2012 | 23249430 |
| phosphorylation of hepatic amp-activated protein kinase and liver kinase b1 is increased after a single oral dose of green tea extract to mice. | we have previously shown that green and black tea extracts increase the phosphorylation of amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) and hmg-coa reductase in rat hepatoma cells in culture, concomitant with a decrease in cholesterol synthesis. in the present study, we evaluated the ability of a single oral dose of green or black tea extract to promote the phosphorylation of ampk, liver kinase b1 (lkb1, an ampk-kinase), and hmg-coa reductase in mouse liver. green tea extract administered by gavage at 50 ... | 2012 | 23244544 |
| the potential of different bio adsorbents for removing phenol from its aqueous solution. | the use of natural resources for the removal of phenol and phenolic compounds is being looked upon by researchers in preference to other prevailing methods. in the present study, different biosorbents, brown algae (padina pavonia), fresh water macrophyta (ceratophyllum demersum), and black tea residue, were tested as adsorbent for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions. the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption in terms of concentration of the adsorbate and ph were identified. the resu ... | 2013 | 23242505 |
| [nitrogen and phosphorus loss in different land use types and its response to environmental factors in the three gorges reservoir area]. | the control of agricultural non-point source pollution (agnps) is an urgent problem to be solved for the ecological environment construction in the three gorges reservoir area. we analyzed the nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) loss and its response to environmental factors through monitoring the nutrient loss in different land use types after returning farmland to forest. the results showed that: 1) the variability of nutrient concentration loss was strong in different land use types under differe ... | 2012 | 23233964 |
| [anti-inflammatory effects of tea-flavonoids]. | tea flavonoids belong to the large group of polyphenols and display antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic activities. these phytochemicals are xenobiotics and are synthesized by tea plants such as camellia sinensis and camomilla recucita. these botanicals exhibit in vivo activities similar to that of biologicals which are widely used for chronic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease). epigallocathechin gallate and apigenin from these plant ... | 2012 | 23233307 |
| ni speciation in tea infusions by monolithic chromatography--icp-ms and q-tof-ms. | for humans, ni is not considered to be an essential trace element. its compounds, at levels present in foodstuffs and drinks, are generally considered to be safe for consumption, but for individuals who already suffer from contact allergy to ni and may be subject to develop systemic reactions from its dietary ingestion, dietary exposure to ni must be kept under control. being the second most popular beverage, tea is a potential source of dietary ni. present knowledge on its speciation in tea inf ... | 2013 | 23232960 |
| construction of a high-density reference linkage map of tea (camellia sinensis). | a few linkage maps of tea have been constructed using pseudo-testcross theory based on dominant marker systems. however, dominant markers are not suitable as landmark markers across a wide range of materials. therefore, we developed co-dominant ssr markers from genomic dna and ests and constructed a reference map using these co-dominant markers as landmarks. a population of 54 f(1) clones derived from reciprocal crosses between 'sayamakaori' and 'kana-ck17' was used for the linkage analysis. map ... | 2012 | 23226087 |
| volatile profile analysis and quality prediction of longjing tea (camellia sinensis) by hs-spme/gc-ms. | this study aimed to analyze the volatile chemical profile of longjing tea, and further develop a prediction model for aroma quality of longjing tea based on potent odorants. a total of 21 longjing samples were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (hs-spme) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). pearson's linear correlation analysis and partial least square (pls) regression were applied to investigate the relationship between sensory aroma scores and the volatile ... | 2012 | 23225852 |
| priority pahs in orthodox black tea during manufacturing process. | orthodox black tea is obtained from fresh leaves followed by withering, rolling, fermentation and drying. the presence of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was studied in fresh leaves and at various stages of manufacturing. benzo(a)pyrene (2a: probable human carcinogen) was found in dried tea leaves only whereas, naphthalene (2b: probable human carcinogen) was present during all the stages of manufacturing. dry tea leaves showed higher content of total 16 pahs (∑pahs) about 3 a ... | 2013 | 23224705 |
| black tea high-molecular-weight polyphenol increases the motility of sea urchin sperm by activating mitochondrial respiration. | mitochondria activation factor (maf) is a high-molecular-weight polyphenol purified from black tea that activates mitochondrial respiration. it increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and motility of sea urchin sperm, by up to 8%, to the same extent as sperm-activating peptides (saps) secreted by the egg. unlike saps, maf had no effect on sperm swimming behavior, suggesting that the mechanism of sperm activation by maf is different from that of saps. | 2012 | 23221694 |
| black tea extract: a supplementary antioxidant in radiation-induced damage to dna and normal lymphocytes. | myriad research has contributed significantly toward the understanding and identification of health benefits stemming from tea polyphenols and many other naturally occurring flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. these flavonoids are known to mitigate reactive oxygen species-induced damage by scavenging them. in this study, hot-water black tea extract rich in flavonoids is evaluated as a supplementary antioxidant. the antioxidant efficacy of black tea extract was investigated by evaluating ... | 2012 | 23216640 |
| the pentacyclic triterpenoids in herbal medicines and their pharmacological activities in diabetes and diabetic complications. | pentacyclic triterpenoids including the oleanane, ursane and lupane groups are widely distributed in many medicinal plants, such as glycyrrhiza species, gymnema species, centella asiatica, camellia sinensis, crataegus species and olea europaea, which are commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. a large number of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid, betulin, betulinic ac ... | 2013 | 23210780 |
| upregulation of phase ii enzymes through phytochemical activation of nrf2 protects cardiomyocytes against oxidant stress. | increased production of reactive oxygen species has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (cvd), and enhanced endogenous antioxidants have been proposed as a mechanism for regulating redox balance. nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of phase ii antioxidant enzymes, and activation of nrf2 has been suggested to be an important step in attenuating oxidative stress associated with cvd. a well-defined combination of five widely st ... | 2013 | 23201694 |
| identification of genes involved in indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation in nodal cuttings of camellia sinensis (l.) by suppression subtractive hybridization. | the plant hormone auxin plays a key role in adventitious rooting. to increase our understanding of genes involved in adventitious root formation, we identified transcripts differentially expressed in single nodal cuttings of camellia sinensis treated with or without indole-3-butyric acid (iba) by suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh). a total of 77 differentially expressed transcripts, including 70 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated sequences, were identified in tea cuttings under iba treat ... | 2013 | 23201417 |
| the in vivo antioxidant and antifibrotic properties of green tea (camellia sinensis, theaceae). | the in vivo antioxidant and antifibrotic properties of green tea (camellia sinensis, theaceae) were investigated with a study of carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4))-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis in male icr mice. oral administration of green tea extract at doses of 125, 625 and 1250 mg/kg for 8 weeks significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars) and protein carbonyls in the liver by at least 28% compared with that was induced by ccl(4) (1 ... | 2013 | 23194532 |
| the r2r3-myb, bhlh, wd40, and related transcription factors in flavonoid biosynthesis. | r2r3-myb, bhlh, and wd40 proteins have been shown to control multiple enzymatic steps in the biosynthetic pathway responsible for the production of flavonoids, important secondary metabolites in camellia sinensis. few related transcription factor genes have been documented. the presence of r2r3-myb, bhlh, and wd40 were statistically and bioinformatically analyzed on 127,094 c. sinensis transcriptome unigenes, resulting in identification of 73, 49, and 134 genes, respectively. c. sinensis phyloge ... | 2013 | 23184474 |
| phenolic promiscuity in the cell nucleus--epigallocatechingallate (egcg) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate from green and black tea bind to model cell nuclear structures including histone proteins, double stranded dna and telomeric quadruplex dna. | flavanols from tea have been reported to accumulate in the cell nucleus in considerable concentrations. the nature of this phenomenon, which could provide novel approaches in understanding the well-known beneficial health effects of tea phenols, is investigated in this contribution. the interaction between epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) from green tea and a selection of theaflavins from black tea with selected cell nuclear structures such as model histone proteins, double stranded dna and quadr ... | 2013 | 23172122 |
| rapid and simultaneous determination of antioxidant markers and caffeine in commercial teas and dietary supplements by hplc-dad. | a simple and fast reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure coupled with photodiode array detector (rp-hplc-dad) was developed and validated for the analysis of major catechins, proanthocyanidin (procyanidin b2) and caffeine in 25 different natural complex matrices containing camellia sinensis l. and/or grape seed extracts, two popular plant extracts that have been widely used as natural antioxidants in various food and beverage applications. using an isocratic elution syste ... | 2012 | 23158288 |
| [mechanisms of cerebral protection from ischemia by tea constituents]. | epidemiological and clinical studies in recent years have shown that regular consumption of green or black tea significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. this review presents the clinical and experimental studies of the antiatherogenic, antiplatelet, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and other mechanisms of action of tea and substances in its composition. effects of tea and its components, are described after long-term, and a short-term consumption. the rol ... | 2012 | 23155618 |
| influence of exogenously applied abscisic acid on carotenoid content and water uptake in flowers of the tea plant (camellia sinensis). | carotenoids are a major class of plant pigments and fulfill many functions in different organisms that either produce or consume them. although the color of the stamina of tea (camellia sinensis) flowers is clearly due to the presence of carotenoids, the carotenoid profile and content remain to be discovered. | 2013 | 23152164 |
| immunohistochemical localization of caffeine in young camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (tea) leaves. | the anatomical localization of caffeine within young camellia sinensis leaves was investigated using immunohistochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy. preliminary fixation experiments were conducted with young c. sinensis leaves to determine which fixation procedure retained caffeine the best as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. high pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and embedding in resin was deemed the best protocol as it retained most of th ... | 2013 | 23143222 |
| evaluation of camellia sinensis catechins as a swine antimicrobial feed additive that does not cause antibiotic resistance. | antimicrobial growth promoters (agps) have been banned and phased out because their use has been linked to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens; however, the ban has had a marked impact on livestock production, and feed additive alternatives to agps are required. we focused on green tea leaves as potential alternatives to agps because they contain significant amounts of polyphenol catechins, which have antivirus and antimicrobial effects. we examined cross-resistance betwee ... | 2013 | 23138151 |
| relationships between black tea consumption and key health indicators in the world: an ecological study. | the aim of this study was to investigate potential statistical relationships between black tea consumption and key health indicators in the world. the research question is: does tea consumption is correlated with one or more epidemiological indicators? | 2012 | 23138107 |
| expressed sequence tags from organ-specific cdna libraries of tea (camellia sinensis) and polymorphisms and transferability of est-ssrs across camellia species. | tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world and the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, is an important crop in many countries. to increase the amount of genomic information available for c. sinensis, we constructed seven cdna libraries from various organs and used these to generate expressed sequence tags (ests). a total of 17,458 ests were generated and assembled into 5,262 unigenes. about 50% of the unigenes were assigned annotations by gene ontology. some were homologous t ... | 2012 | 23136530 |
| purification and characterization of a novel galloyltransferase involved in catechin galloylation in the tea plant (camellia sinensis). | catechins (flavan-3-ols), the most important secondary metabolites in the tea plant, have positive effects on human health and are crucial in defense against pathogens of the tea plant. the aim of this study was to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of galloylated catechins in the tea plant. the results suggested that galloylated catechins were biosynthesized via 1-o-glucose ester-dependent two-step reactions by acyltransferases, which involved two enzymes, udp-glucose:galloyl-1-o-β-d-glucosyltr ... | 2012 | 23132863 |
| effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) consumption on the components of metabolic syndrome in elderly. | to evaluate the effect of the consumption of green tea on components of ms in the elderly. | 2012 | 23131813 |
| pesticide analysis in teas and chamomile by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a modified quechers method: validation and pilot survey in real samples. | this paper presents the validation of a modified quechers method in four matrices - green tea, red tea, black tea and chamomile. the experiments were carried out using blank samples spiked with a solution of 86 pesticides (insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) at four levels - 10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/kg. the samples were extracted according to the citrate quechers protocol; however, to reduce the amount of coextracted matrix compounds, calcium chloride was employed instead of magnesium sulphate ... | 2012 | 23127810 |
| identification of flavonoids with trypsin inhibitory activity extracted from orange peel and green tea leaves. | orange peel (citrus sinensis) and green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves, rich sources of food flavonoids, were analyzed for their trypsin inhibitory potential. hesperetin, rutin and hesperidin from orange peel, and catechin from green tea leaves, were isolated and their chemical structures were analyzed. all four compounds were evaluated for their trypsin inhibitory potential. | 2013 | 23124490 |
| comparison of catechin profiles in human plasma and urine after single dosing and regular intake of green tea (camellia sinensis). | green tea (camellia sinensis) catechin profiles in plasma and urine following single dosing and regular ingestion of green tea are not clear. we performed a placebo-controlled intervention study with sixteen healthy volunteers to determine changes in total and free catechins after a single dose and following 1 week of twice-daily green tea. blood and urine samples were collected before (fasting) and after (60 and 120 min for blood; 90 and 180 min for urine) drinking 200 ml of 1.5% (w/v) green te ... | 2013 | 23110850 |
| tea consumption reduces ovarian cancer risk. | to ascertain the relationship between tea drinking and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern chinese women, a case-control study was conducted in southern china during 2006-2008. | 2013 | 23107758 |
| polyphenols extracted from black tea (camellia sinensis) residue by hot-compressed water and their inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase in vitro. | polyphenols, retained in black tea wastes following the commercial production of tea beverages, represent an underutilized resource. the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential use of hot-compressed water (hcw) for the extraction of pancreatic lipase-inhibiting polyphenols from black tea residues. black tea residues were treated with hcw at 10 °c intervals, from 100 to 200 °c. the resulting extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and a ... | 2012 | 23106349 |
| compensation for matrix effects in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 186 pesticides in tea matrices using analyte protectants. | a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analytical method was developed for simultaneously determining 186 pesticides in tea matrices using analyte protectants to counteract the matrix-induced effect. the matrix effects were evaluated for green, oolong and black tea, representing unfermented, partially fermented and completely fermented teas respectively and depending on the type of tea, 72%, 94% and 94% of the pesticides presented strong response enhancement effect. several analyte prote ... | 2012 | 23102633 |
| l-theanine administration results in neuroprotection and prevents glutamate receptor agonist-mediated injury in the rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. | while the neuroprotective effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) might be explained by the presence of amino acid l-theanine in the tea leaves, it is not known whether postischemic administration of l-theanine could also provide neuroprotection. in the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of l-theanine (1 and 4 mg/kg) administered at 3, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion in the rat model of stroke. we also studied the effect of l-theanine on brain injury caused by exogenous adm ... | 2013 | 23097345 |
| in vitro screening of medicinal plants used in mexico as antidiabetics with glucosidase and lipase inhibitory activities. | this work shows the inhibitory effect on glucosidase and lipase enzymes of 23 medicinal plants described as traditional treatments for diabetes in several mexican sources. hydroalcoholic extracts of selected plants were evaluated at 1 mg/ml for glucosidase and 0.25 mg/ml for lipase inhibitory activities, respectively. camellia sinensis, acarbose, and orlistat were used as positive controls. dose-response curves were done with the most active species. sixty percent of all tested extracts inhibite ... | 2012 | 23082084 |
| gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice is source-specific and colon-region dependent. | the colonic microbial degradation of a polyphenol-rich black tea extract (bte) and red wine/grape juice extract (rwge) was compared in a five-stage in vitro gastrointestinal model (twinshime). microbial metabolism of bte and rwge polyphenols in the twinshime was studied subsequently in single- and continuous-dose experiments. a combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (lc-ms or gc-ms) and nmr-based metabolic profiling was used to measure selected parent polyphenols, the ... | 2012 | 23072624 |
| an improved plant leaf protein extraction method for high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and comparative proteomics. | we report here a simple and universally applicable protocol for extracting high quality proteins from plant leaf tissues. the protocol provides improved resolution and reproducibility of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) and reduces the time required to analyze samples. partitioning rubisco by polyethylene glycol (peg) fractionation provides clearer detection of low-abundance proteins. co-extraction of interfering substances increases the sample conductivity, which result ... | 2013 | 23072551 |
| application of enzymes in the production of rtd black tea beverages: a review. | ready-to-drink (rtd) tea is a popular beverage in many countries. instability due to development of haze and formation of tea cream is the common problem faced in the production of rtd black tea beverages. thus decreaming is an important step in the process to meet the cold stability requirements of the product. enzymatic decreaming approaches overcome some of the disadvantages associated with other conventional decreaming methods such as cold water extraction, chill decreaming, chemical stabili ... | 2013 | 23072532 |
| structural identification of theaflavin trigallate and tetragallate from black tea using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | black tea contains two major pigments, theaflavins and thearubigins. these polyphenols have been associated with certain health benefits including prevention of heart disease and cancer. elucidating and characterizing the structural aspects of thearubigins, the most abundant pigment in black tea, has been a challenge for many years. therefore further studies of black tea polyphenols must be conducted in effort to solve this thearubigin dispute. in the present study, black tea extract was found t ... | 2012 | 23066878 |
| suppressive subtractive hybridization approach revealed differential expression of hypersensitive response and reactive oxygen species production genes in tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) leaves during pestalotiopsis thea infection. | tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) is an economically important plant cultivated for its leaves. infection of pestalotiopsis theae in leaves causes gray blight disease and enormous loss to the tea industry. we used suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique to unravel the differential gene expression pattern during gray blight disease development in tea. complementary dna from p. theae-infected and uninfected leaves of disease tolerant cultivar upasi-10 was used as tester and driv ... | 2012 | 23065401 |
| aflatoxin-induced biochemical changes in liver of mice and its mitigation by black tea extract. | aflatoxin belongs to the class of naturally occurring mycotoxins, food contaminants having potent carcinogenicity. we have evaluated the ameliorative role of black tea extract on aflatoxin-induced biochemical changes in the liver of albino male mice. adult male mice were orally administered with 750 and 1500 pg of aflatoxin in 0.2 ml olive oil/kg b.w./day for 30 days. oral administration of aflatoxin caused, as compared with controls, significant, dose-dependent reduction in dna, rna, protein an ... | 2012 | 23061280 |
| mechanism of hydrolysis of native and cooked starches from different botanical sources in the presence of tea extracts. | a series of experiments were conducted to highlight the mechanism of inhibition of hydrolysis and differences in hydrolysis among starches from different sources in the presence of green or black tea extract. the first experiment showed that black tea extract was more effective at reducing final viscosity for all starches. the second experiment showed that black tea was more effective at inhibiting starch hydrolysis compared to green tea when starch, tea extract, and pancreatin were added at the ... | 2012 | 23057852 |
| structural and docking studies of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (csndpk1) from tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk, ec 2.7.4.6) is a housekeeping gene, which functions in the general homeostasis of cellular nucleoside triphosphate (ntp) pools. among the various ndpk isoforms, cytosolic ndpk1 has been shown to be the main ndpk isoform in plants, accounting for more than 70 % of total ndpk activity in plants. for the first time, a full-length cdna (697 bp), designated as csndpk1 was cloned from tea leaves and consisted of a 448-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 147-amin ... | 2012 | 23054822 |
| short-term effects of polyphenol-rich black tea on blood pressure in men and women. | there is increasing evidence that black tea polyphenols contribute to vascular health. we have recently shown that regular ingestion of polyphenol-rich black tea over 6 months results in lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. however, the time course of these effects remains unclear. therefore, our objective was to determine if short-term effects of tea on blood pressure could contribute to longer-term benefits of regular tea consumption on blood pressure. men and women (n = 111) were recr ... | 2013 | 23038021 |
| black tea: chemical analysis and stability. | tea is the most popular flavored and functional drink worldwide. the nutritional value of tea is mostly from the tea polyphenols that are reported to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-oxidant properties, reduction of various cancers, inhibition of inflammation, and protective effects against diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. tea polyphenols include catechins and gallic acid in green and white teas, and theaflavins and thearubigins as well as other catechin pol ... | 2013 | 23037977 |
| impedance study of tea with added taste compounds using conducting polymer and metal electrodes. | in this study the sensing capabilities of a combination of metals and conducting polymer sensing/working electrodes for tea liquor prepared by addition of different compounds using an impedance mode in frequency range 1 hz-100 khz at 0.1 v potential has been carried out. classification of six different tea liquor samples made by dissolving various compounds (black tea liquor + raw milk from milkman), (black tea liquor + sweetened clove syrup), (black tea liquor + sweetened ginger syrup), (black ... | 2012 | 23035436 |
| influence of exogenous pigmentation on the optical properties of orthodontic elastic ligatures. | the aim of this study was to assess the optical properties of orthodontic elastic ligatures under the influence of exogenous pigments contained in the daily diet. | 2015 | 23032209 |
| effects of the medicinal plants curcuma zedoaria and camellia sinensis on halitosis control. | volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) are the gases mainly responsible for halitosis (bad breath). the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on halitosis control. two commonly used plants were tested: curcuma zedoaria and camellia sinensis (green tea). these plants were prepared as an aqueous solution and used as mouthwashes, compared with a standard mouthwash of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and a placebo (water). the experiment was conducted with 30 volunteers from th ... | 2013 | 23019084 |
| color stability of siloranes versus methacrylate-based composites after immersion in staining solutions. | the purpose of this study was to determine, by using a spectrophotometer device, the color stability of silorane in comparison with four methacrylate-based composites after being immersed in different staining solutions such as coffee, black tea, red wine, orange juice, and coke, and distilled water as control group. | 2013 | 22993112 |