| high-resolution structures of aidh complexes provide insights into a novel catalytic mechanism for n-acyl homoserine lactonase. | many pathogenic bacteria that infect humans, animals and plants rely on a quorum-sensing (qs) system to produce virulence factors. n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are the best-characterized cell-cell communication signals in qs. the concentration of ahl plays a key role in regulating the virulence-gene expression and essential biological functions of pathogenic bacteria. n-acyl homoserine lactonases (ahl-lactonases) have important functions in decreasing pathogenicity by degrading ahls. here, ... | 2012 | 23275166 |
| soil metaproteomics - comparative evaluation of protein extraction protocols. | metaproteomics and its potential applications are very promising to study microbial activity in environmental samples and to obtain a deeper understanding of microbial interactions. however, due to the complexity of soil samples the exhaustive extraction of proteins is a major challenge. we compared soil protein extraction protocols in terms of their protein extraction efficiency for two different soil types. four different protein extraction procedures were applied based on (a) sds extraction w ... | 2012 | 23125465 |
| de novo engineering of a human cystathionine-γ-lyase for systemic (l)-methionine depletion cancer therapy. | it has been known for nearly a half century that human tumors, including those derived from the nervous system such as glioblastomas, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastomas are much more sensitive than normal tissues to l-methionine (l-met) starvation. more recently, systemic l-met depletion by administration of pseudomonas putida methionine-γ-lyase (mgl) could effectively inhibit human tumors xenografted in mice. however, bacterial-derived mgls are unstable in serum (t(1/2) = 1.9 ± 0.2 h) and high ... | 2012 | 22963240 |
| increase in furfural tolerance in ethanologenic escherichia coli ly180 by plasmid-based expression of thya. | furfural is an inhibitory side product formed during the depolymerization of hemicellulose by mineral acids. genomic libraries from three different bacteria (bacillus subtilis yb886, escherichia coli nc3, and zymomonas mobilis cp4) were screened for genes that conferred furfural resistance on plates. beneficial plasmids containing the thya gene (coding for thymidylate synthase) were recovered from all three organisms. expression of this key gene in the de novo pathway for dtmp biosynthesis impro ... | 2012 | 22504824 |
| unusual spectroscopic and ligand binding properties of the cytochrome p450-flavodoxin fusion enzyme xpla. | the rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 11y xpla enzyme is an unusual cytochrome p450-flavodoxin fusion enzyme that catalyzes reductive denitration of the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazene (rdx). we show by light scattering that xpla is a monomeric enzyme. xpla has high affinity for imidazole (k(d) = 1.6 μm), explaining previous reports of a red-shifted xpla soret band in pure enzyme. the true soret maximum of xpla is at 417 nm. similarly, unusually weak xpla flavodoxin fmn binding (k ... | 2012 | 22500029 |
| characterization of oxyr as a negative transcriptional regulator that represses catalase production in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium glutamicum each have one gene (cat) encoding catalase. in-frame δcat mutants of c. diphtheriae and c. glutamicum were hyper-sensitive to growth inhibition and killing by h(2)o(2). in c. diphtheriae c7(β), both catalase activity and cat transcription decreased ~2-fold during transition from exponential growth to early stationary phase. prototypic oxyr in escherichia coli senses oxidative stress and it activates katg transcription and catalase produc ... | 2012 | 22438866 |
| host adaptation is contingent upon the infection route taken by pathogens. | evolution of pathogen virulence is affected by the route of infection. also, alternate infection routes trigger different physiological responses on hosts, impinging on host adaptation and on its interaction with pathogens. yet, how route of infection may shape adaptation to pathogens has not received much attention at the experimental level. we addressed this question through the experimental evolution of an outbred drosophila melanogaster population infected by two different routes (oral and s ... | 2013 | 24086131 |
| modulation of quorum sensing in acylhomoserine lactone-producing or -degrading tobacco plants leads to alteration of induced systemic resistance elicited by the rhizobacterium serratia marcescens 90-166. | numerous root-associated bacteria (rhizobacteria) are known to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) in plants. bacterial cell-density-dependent quorum sensing (qs) is thought to be important for isr. here, we investigated the role of qs in the isr elicited by the rhizobacterium, serratia marcescens strain 90-166, in tobacco. since s. marcescens 90-166 produces at least three qs signals, qs-mediated isr in strain 90-166 has been difficult to understand. therefore, we investigated the isr capa ... | 2013 | 25288945 |
| broad host range vectors for expression of proteins with (twin-) strep-tag, his-tag and engineered, export optimized yellow fluorescent protein. | in current protein research, a limitation still is the production of active recombinant proteins or native protein associations to assess their function. especially the localization and analysis of protein-complexes or the identification of modifications and small molecule interaction partners by co-purification experiments requires a controllable expression of affinity- and/or fluorescence tagged variants of a protein of interest in its native cellular background. advantages of periplasmic and/ ... | 2013 | 23687945 |
| improving escherichia coli fuco for furfural tolerance by saturation mutagenesis of individual amino acid positions. | furfural is an inhibitory side product formed during the depolymerization of hemicellulose with mineral acids. in escherichia coli, furfural tolerance can be increased by expressing the native fuco gene (encoding lactaldehyde oxidoreductase). this enzyme also catalyzes the nadh-dependent reduction of furfural to the less toxic alcohol. saturation mutagenesis was combined with growth-based selection to isolate a mutated form of fuco that confers increased furfural tolerance. the mutation responsi ... | 2013 | 23475621 |
| microbial interactions and the ecology and evolution of hawaiian drosophilidae. | adaptive radiations are characterized by an increased rate of speciation and expanded range of habitats and ecological niches exploited by those species. the hawaiian drosophilidae is a classic adaptive radiation; a single ancestral species colonized hawaii approximately 25 million years ago and gave rise to two monophyletic lineages, the hawaiian drosophila and the genus scaptomyza. the hawaiian drosophila are largely saprophagous and rely on approximately 40 endemic plant families and their as ... | 2014 | 25566196 |
| transcriptional activation of multiple operons involved in para-nitrophenol degradation by pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3. | pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (pnp) as a sole carbon and energy source. the genes involved in pnp degradation are organized in the following three operons: pnpa, pnpb, and pnpcdefg. how the expression of the genes is regulated is unknown. in this study, an lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) is identified to activate the expression of the genes in response to the specific inducer pnp. while the lttr coding gene pnpr was found to be not physically linked to any of ... | 2014 | 25326309 |
| transcriptional activation of multiple operons involved in para-nitrophenol degradation by pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3. | pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (pnp) as a sole carbon and energy source. the genes involved in pnp degradation are organized in the following three operons: pnpa, pnpb, and pnpcdefg. how the expression of the genes is regulated is unknown. in this study, an lysr-type transcriptional regulator (lttr) is identified to activate the expression of the genes in response to the specific inducer pnp. while the lttr coding gene pnpr was found to be not physically linked to any of ... | 2014 | 25326309 |
| plant-agrobacterium interaction mediated by ethylene and super-agrobacterium conferring efficient gene transfer. | agrobacterium tumefaciens has a unique ability to transfer genes into plant genomes. this ability has been utilized for plant genetic engineering. however, the efficiency is not sufficient for all plant species. several studies have shown that ethylene decreased the agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency. thus, a. tumefaciens with an ability to suppress ethylene evolution would increase the efficiency of agrobacterium-mediated transformation. some studies showed that plant growth-promot ... | 2014 | 25520733 |
| conversion of the pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal and related alkylhydroxyquinolines by rhodococcus sp. strain bg43. | a bacterial strain, which based on the sequences of its 16s rrna, gyrb, cata, and qsda genes, was identified as a rhodococcus sp. closely related to rhodococcus erythropolis, was isolated from soil by enrichment on the pseudomonas quinolone signal [pqs; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1h)-quinolone], a quorum sensing signal employed by the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the isolate, termed rhodococcus sp. strain bg43, cometabolically degraded pqs and its biosynthetic precursor 2-heptyl-4(1h ... | 2014 | 25239889 |
| exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics. | symbioses represent a frequent and successful lifestyle on earth and lichens are one of their classic examples. recently, bacterial communities were identified as stable, specific and structurally integrated partners of the lichen symbiosis, but their role has remained largely elusive in comparison to the well-known functions of the fungal and algal partners. we have explored the metabolic potentials of the microbiome using the lung lichen lobaria pulmonaria as the model. metagenomic and proteom ... | 2014 | 25072413 |
| exploring functional contexts of symbiotic sustain within lichen-associated bacteria by comparative omics. | symbioses represent a frequent and successful lifestyle on earth and lichens are one of their classic examples. recently, bacterial communities were identified as stable, specific and structurally integrated partners of the lichen symbiosis, but their role has remained largely elusive in comparison to the well-known functions of the fungal and algal partners. we have explored the metabolic potentials of the microbiome using the lung lichen lobaria pulmonaria as the model. metagenomic and proteom ... | 2014 | 25072413 |
| identification of host-microbe interaction factors in the genomes of soft rot-associated pathogens dickeya dadantii 3937 and pectobacterium carotovorum wpp14 with supervised machine learning. | a wealth of genome sequences has provided thousands of genes of unknown function, but identification of functions for the large numbers of hypothetical genes in phytopathogens remains a challenge that impacts all research on plant-microbe interactions. decades of research on the molecular basis of pathogenesis focused on a limited number of factors associated with long-known host-microbe interaction systems, providing limited direction into this challenge. computational approaches to identify vi ... | 2014 | 24952641 |
| bacteriocins from the rhizosphere microbiome - from an agriculture perspective. | bacteria produce and excrete a versatile and dynamic suit of compounds to defend against microbial competitors and mediate local population dynamics. these include a wide range of broad-spectrum non-ribosomally synthesized antibiotics, lytic enzymes, metabolic by-products, proteinaceous exotoxins, and ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins). most bacteria produce at least one bacteriocin. bacteriocins are of interest in the food industry as natural preservatives and in the pro ... | 2015 | 26579159 |
| efficient recombinant production of prodigiosin in pseudomonas putida. | serratia marcescens and several other bacteria produce the red-colored pigment prodigiosin which possesses bioactivities as an antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunosuppressive agent. therefore, there is a great interest to produce this natural compound. efforts aiming at its biotechnological production have so far largely focused on the original producer and opportunistic human pathogen s. marcescens. here, we demonstrate efficient prodigiosin production in the heterologous host pseudomonas puti ... | 2015 | 26441905 |
| the regulatory function of lexa is temperature-dependent in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | the sos response addresses dna lesions and is conserved in the bacterial domain. the response is governed by the dna binding protein lexa, which has been characterized in model microorganisms such as escherichia coli. however, our understanding of its roles in deep-sea bacteria is limited. here, the influence of lexa on the phenotype and gene transcription of shewanella piezotolerans wp3 (wp3) was investigated by constructing a lexa deletion strain (wp3δlexa), which was compared with the wild-ty ... | 2015 | 26150814 |
| plant-microbe cross-talk in the rhizosphere: insight and biotechnological potential. | rhizosphere, the interface between soil and plant roots, is a chemically complex environment which supports the development and growth of diverse microbial communities. the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome is dynamic and controlled by multiple biotic and abiotic factors that include environmental parameters, physiochemical properties of the soil, biological activities of the plants and chemical signals from the plants and bacteria which inhabit the soil adherent to root-system. recent a ... | 2015 | 25926899 |
| an apple fruit fermentation (aff) treatment improves the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community and growth of strawberry (fragaria × ananassa duch 'benihoppe') seedlings. | plant growth can be promoted by the application of apple fruit fermentation (aff), despite unclear of the underlying mechanisms, the effects involved in aff on rhizosphere microorganisms have been hypothesized. we investigated the consequences of applying aff alone or in combination with bacillus licheniformis to strawberry tissue culture seedlings in vitro, the analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and 16s rdna were performed to determine aff effects on rhizosphere. moreove ... | 2016 | 27755580 |
| when genome-based approach meets the "old but good": revealing genes involved in the antibacterial activity of pseudomonas sp. p482 against soft rot pathogens. | dickeya solani and pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense are recently established species of bacterial plant pathogens causing black leg and soft rot of many vegetables and ornamental plants. pseudomonas sp. strain p482 inhibits the growth of these pathogens, a desired trait considering the limited measures to combat these diseases. in this study, we determined the genetic background of the antibacterial activity of p482, and established the phylogenetic position of this strain. pseudomo ... | 2016 | 27303376 |
| the entner-doudoroff pathway is obligatory for gluconate utilization and contributes to the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae. | the entner-doudoroff (ed) pathway has recently been shown to play an important role in sugar catabolism for many organisms although very little information is available on the functionality of this pathway in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. in this study, activation of the genes edd and eda, encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, was used as a marker of a functional ed pathway in v. cholerae. transcriptional activation analyses an ... | 2012 | 22544275 |
| agricultural microbes genome 2: first glimpses into the genomes of plant-associated microbes. | | 2001 | 11251088 |
| the net of life: reconstructing the microbial phylogenetic network. | it has previously been suggested that the phylogeny of microbial species might be better described as a network containing vertical and horizontal gene transfer (hgt) events. yet, all phylogenetic reconstructions so far have presented microbial trees rather than networks. here, we present a first attempt to reconstruct such an evolutionary network, which we term the "net of life". we use available tree reconstruction methods to infer vertical inheritance, and use an ancestral state inference alg ... | 2005 | 15965028 |
| bacterial elicitation and evasion of plant innate immunity. | recent research on plant responses to bacterial attack has identified extracellular and intracellular host receptors that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns and more specialized virulence proteins, respectively. these findings have shed light on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria elicit host defences and how pathogens have evolved to evade or suppress these defences. | 2006 | 16936700 |
| genomic islands: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and evolution. | bacterial genomes evolve through mutations, rearrangements or horizontal gene transfer. besides the core genes encoding essential metabolic functions, bacterial genomes also harbour a number of accessory genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer that might be beneficial under certain environmental conditions. the horizontal gene transfer contributes to the diversification and adaptation of microorganisms, thus having an impact on the genome plasticity. a significant part of the horizontal gene ... | 2008 | 19178566 |
| genomic islands: tools of bacterial horizontal gene transfer and evolution. | bacterial genomes evolve through mutations, rearrangements or horizontal gene transfer. besides the core genes encoding essential metabolic functions, bacterial genomes also harbour a number of accessory genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer that might be beneficial under certain environmental conditions. the horizontal gene transfer contributes to the diversification and adaptation of microorganisms, thus having an impact on the genome plasticity. a significant part of the horizontal gene ... | 2008 | 19178566 |
| lifestyles of the effector rich: genome-enabled characterization of bacterial plant pathogens. | | 2009 | 19515788 |
| the role of wrky transcription factors in plant immunity. | | 2009 | 19420325 |
| programmed cell death in host-symbiont associations, viewed through the gene ontology. | manipulation of programmed cell death (pcd) is central to many host microbe interactions. both plant and animal cells use pcd as a powerful weapon against biotrophic pathogens, including viruses, which draw their nutrition from living tissue. thus, diverse biotrophic pathogens have evolved many mechanisms to suppress programmed cell death, and mutualistic and commensal microbes may employ similar mechanisms. necrotrophic pathogens derive their nutrition from dead tissue, and many produce toxins ... | 2009 | 19278553 |
| luxr-type quorum-sensing regulators that are detached from common scents. | the ability of luxr-type proteins to regulate transcription is controlled by bacterial pheromones, n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). most luxr-family proteins require their cognate ahls for activity, and at least some of them require ahls for folding and protease resistance. however, a few members of this family are able to fold, dimerize, bind dna, and regulate transcription in the absence of ahls; moreover, these proteins are antagonized by their cognate ahls. complexes between some of these p ... | 2010 | 20624221 |
| necrotroph attacks on plants: wanton destruction or covert extortion? | necrotrophic pathogens cause major pre- and post-harvest diseases in numerous agronomic and horticultural crops inflicting significant economic losses. in contrast to biotrophs, obligate plant parasites that infect and feed on living cells, necrotrophs promote the destruction of host cells to feed on their contents. this difference underpins the divergent pathogenesis strategies and plant immune responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic infections. this chapter focuses on arabidopsis immunity to ... | 2010 | 22303261 |
| diga--a database of improved gene annotation for phytopathogens. | bacterial plant pathogens are very harmful to their host plants, which can cause devastating agricultural losses in the world. with the development of microbial genome sequencing, many strains of phytopathogens have been sequenced. however, some misannotations exist in these phytopathogen genomes. our objective is to improve these annotations and store them in a central database digap. | 2010 | 20089203 |
| of pamps and effectors: the blurred pti-eti dichotomy. | typically, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are considered to be conserved throughout classes of microbes and to contribute to general microbial fitness, whereas effectors are species, race, or strain specific and contribute to pathogen virulence. both types of molecule can trigger plant immunity, designated pamp-triggered and effector-triggered immunity (pti and eti, respectively). however, not all microbial defense activators conform to the common distinction between pamps and ef ... | 2011 | 21278123 |
| community structure and functional gene profile of bacteria on healthy and diseased thalli of the red seaweed delisea pulchra. | disease is increasingly viewed as a major factor in the ecology of marine communities and its impact appears to be increasing with environmental change, such as global warming. the temperate macroalga delisea pulchra bleaches in southeast australia during warm summer periods, a phenomenon which previous studies have indicated is caused by a temperature induced bacterial disease. in order to better understand the ecology of this disease, the bacterial communities associated with threes type of sa ... | 2012 | 23226544 |
| the bacterium pantoea stewartii uses two different type iii secretion systems to colonize its plant host and insect vector. | plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria utilize phylogenetically distinct type iii secretion systems (t3ss) that produce needle-like injectisomes or pili for the delivery of effector proteins into host cells. pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (herein referred to as p. stewartii), the causative agent of stewart's bacterial wilt and leaf blight of maize, carries phylogenetically distinct t3sss. in addition to an hrc-hrp t3ss, known to be essential for maize pathogenesis, p. stewartii has a second t ... | 2012 | 22773631 |
| sequence diversity in the dickeya flic gene: phylogeny of the dickeya genus and taqman® pcr for 'd. solani', new biovar 3 variant on potato in europe. | worldwide, dickeya (formerly erwinia chrysanthemi) is causing soft rot diseases on a large diversity of crops and ornamental plants. strains affecting potato are mainly found in d. dadantii, d. dianthicola and d. zeae, which appear to have a marked geographical distribution. furthermore, a few dickeya isolates from potato are attributed to d. chrysanthemi and d. dieffenbachiae. in europe, isolates of erwinia chrysanthemi biovar 1 and biovar 7 from potato are now classified in d. dianthicola. how ... | 2012 | 22570692 |
| cotton ghmkk5 affects disease resistance, induces hr-like cell death, and reduces the tolerance to salt and drought stress in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are involved in various processes from plant growth and development to biotic and abiotic stress responses. mapk kinases (mapkks), which link mapks and mapkk kinases (mapkkks), play crucial roles in mapk cascades to mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. however, few mapkks have been functionally characterized in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study, a novel gene, ghmkk5, from cotton belonging to the group c mapkks was isolated and ... | 2012 | 22442420 |
| t4-related bacteriophage limestone isolates for the control of soft rot on potato caused by 'dickeya solani'. | the bacterium 'dickeya solani', an aggressive biovar 3 variant of dickeya dianthicola, causes rotting and blackleg in potato. to control this pathogen using bacteriophage therapy, we isolated and characterized two closely related and specific bacteriophages, vb_dsom_limestone1 and vb_dsom_limestone2. the limestone phages have a t4-related genome organization and share dna similarity with salmonella phage vii. microbiological and molecular characterization of the phages deemed them suitable and p ... | 2012 | 22413005 |
| ralstonia solanacearum requires pops, an ancient avre-family effector, for virulence and to overcome salicylic acid-mediated defenses during tomato pathogenesis. | during bacterial wilt of tomato, the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum upregulates expression of pops, which encodes a type iii-secreted effector in the avre family. pops is a core effector present in all sequenced strains in the r. solanacearum species complex. the phylogeny of pops mirrors that of the species complex as a whole, suggesting that this is an ancient, vertically inherited effector needed for association with plants. a pops mutant of r. solanacearum uw551 had reduced virulence ... | 2013 | 24281716 |
| lignin: characterization of a multifaceted crop component. | lignin is a plant component with important implications for various agricultural disciplines. it confers rigidity to cell walls, and is therefore associated with tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and the mechanical stability of plants. in animal nutrition, lignin is considered an antinutritive component of forages as it cannot be readily fermented by rumen microbes. in terms of energy yield from biomass, the role of lignin depends on the conversion process. it contains more gross energy t ... | 2013 | 24348159 |
| filamentous phages of ralstonia solanacearum: double-edged swords for pathogenic bacteria. | some phages from genus inovirus use host or bacteriophage-encoded site-specific integrases or recombinases establish a prophage state. during integration or excision, a superinfective form can be produced. the three states (free, prophage, and superinfective) of such phages exert different effects on host bacterial phenotypes. in ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease of crops, the bacterial virulence can be positively or negatively affected by filamentous phages, ... | 2013 | 24204365 |
| plant antimicrobial peptides. | plant antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a component of barrier defense system of plants. they have been isolated from roots, seeds, flowers, stems, and leaves of a wide variety of species and have activities towards phytopathogens, as well as against bacteria pathogenic to humans. thus, plant amps are considered as promising antibiotic compounds with important biotechnological applications. plant amps are grouped into several families and share general features such as positive charge, the prese ... | 2013 | 24092498 |
| plant antimicrobial peptides. | plant antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a component of barrier defense system of plants. they have been isolated from roots, seeds, flowers, stems, and leaves of a wide variety of species and have activities towards phytopathogens, as well as against bacteria pathogenic to humans. thus, plant amps are considered as promising antibiotic compounds with important biotechnological applications. plant amps are grouped into several families and share general features such as positive charge, the prese ... | 2013 | 24092498 |
| an atypical kinase under balancing selection confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in arabidopsis. | the failure of gene-for-gene resistance traits to provide durable and broad-spectrum resistance in an agricultural context has led to the search for genes underlying quantitative resistance in plants. such genes have been identified in only a few cases, all for fungal or nematode resistance, and encode diverse molecular functions. however, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of quantitative resistance variation to other enemies and the associated evolutionary forces shaping this variati ... | 2013 | 24068949 |
| role and regulation of the flp/tad pilus in the virulence of pectobacterium atrosepticum scri1043 and pectobacterium wasabiae scc3193. | in this study, we characterized a putative flp/tad pilus-encoding gene cluster, and we examined its regulation at the transcriptional level and its role in the virulence of potato pathogenic enterobacteria of the genus pectobacterium. the flp/tad pilus-encoding gene clusters in pectobacterium atrosepticum, pectobacterium wasabiae and pectobacterium aroidearum were compared to previously characterized flp/tad gene clusters, including that of the well-studied flp/tad pilus model organism aggregati ... | 2013 | 24040039 |
| quorum quenching enzymes and their application in degrading signal molecules to block quorum sensing-dependent infection. | with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, the available options for treating bacterial infections have become very limited, and the search for a novel general antibacterial therapy has received much greater attention. quorum quenching can be used to control disease in a quorum sensing system by triggering the pathogenic phenotype. the interference with the quorum sensing system by the quorum quenching enzyme is a potential strategy for replacing traditional antibiotics beca ... | 2013 | 24065091 |
| genome microscale heterogeneity among wild potatoes revealed by diversity arrays technology marker sequences. | tuber-bearing potato species possess several genes that can be exploited to improve the genetic background of the cultivated potato solanum tuberosum. among them, s. bulbocastanum and s. commersonii are well known for their strong resistance to environmental stresses. however, scant information is available for these species in terms of genome organization, gene function, and regulatory networks. consequently, genomic tools to assist breeding are meager, and efficient exploitation of these speci ... | 2013 | 23738318 |
| the folate precursor para-aminobenzoic acid elicits induced resistance against cucumber mosaic virus and xanthomonas axonopodis. | the use of vitamins including vitamin b1, b2 and k3 for the induction of systemic acquired resistance (sar) to protect crops against plant pathogens has been evaluated previously. the use of vitamins is beneficial because it is cost effective and safe for the environment. the use of folate precursors, including ortho-aminobenzoic acid, to induce sar against a soft-rot pathogen in tobacco has been reported previously. | 2013 | 23471007 |
| plant-bacterium interactions analyzed by proteomics. | the evolution of the plant immune response has resulted in a highly effective defense system that is able to resist potential attack by microbial pathogens. the primary immune response is referred to as pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) triggered immunity and has evolved to recognize common features of microbial pathogens. in response to the delivery of pathogen effector proteins, plants acquired r proteins to fight against pathogen attack. r-dependent defense response is important in ... | 2013 | 23424014 |
| molecular effects of resistance elicitors from biological origin and their potential for crop protection. | plants contain a sophisticated innate immune network to prevent pathogenic microbes from gaining access to nutrients and from colonizing internal structures. the first layer of inducible response is governed by the plant following the perception of microbe- or modified plant-derived molecules. as the perception of these molecules results in a plant response that can provide efficient resistance toward non-adapted pathogens they can also be described as "defense elicitors." in compatible plant/mi ... | 2014 | 25484886 |
| enhancing crop innate immunity: new promising trends. | plants are constantly exposed to potentially pathogenic microbes present in their surrounding environment. due to the activation of the pattern-triggered immunity (pti) response that largely relies on accurate detection of pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors (prrs), plants are resistant to the majority of potential pathogens. however, adapted pathogens may avoid recognition or repress plant pti and resulting diseases significantly affect crop yield ... | 2014 | 25414721 |
| detection, identification and differentiation of pectobacterium and dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: a review. | the soft rot enterobacteriaceae (sre) pectobacterium and dickeya species (formerly classified as pectinolytic erwinia spp.) cause important diseases on potato and other arable and horticultural crops. they may affect the growing potato plant causing blackleg and are responsible for tuber soft rot in storage thereby reducing yield and quality. efficient and cost-effective detection and identification methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the sre as well as in seed c ... | 2014 | 25684775 |
| detection, identification and differentiation of pectobacterium and dickeya species causing potato blackleg and tuber soft rot: a review. | the soft rot enterobacteriaceae (sre) pectobacterium and dickeya species (formerly classified as pectinolytic erwinia spp.) cause important diseases on potato and other arable and horticultural crops. they may affect the growing potato plant causing blackleg and are responsible for tuber soft rot in storage thereby reducing yield and quality. efficient and cost-effective detection and identification methods are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the sre as well as in seed c ... | 2014 | 25684775 |
| methanol and ethanol modulate responses to danger- and microbe-associated molecular patterns. | methanol is a byproduct of cell wall modification, released through the action of pectin methylesterases (pmes), which demethylesterify cell wall pectins. plant pmes play not only a role in developmental processes but also in responses to herbivory and infection by fungal or bacterial pathogens. molecular mechanisms that explain how methanol affects plant defenses are poorly understood. here we show that exogenously supplied methanol alone has weak effects on defense signaling in three dicot spe ... | 2014 | 25360141 |
| the role of the secondary cell wall in plant resistance to pathogens. | plant resistance to pathogens relies on a complex network of constitutive and inducible defensive barriers. the plant cell wall is one of the barriers that pathogens need to overcome to successfully colonize plant tissues. the traditional view of the plant cell wall as a passive barrier has evolved to a concept that considers the wall as a dynamic structure that regulates both constitutive and inducible defense mechanisms, and as a source of signaling molecules that trigger immune responses. the ... | 2014 | 25161657 |
| in situ evaluation of paenibacillus alvei in reducing carriage of salmonella enterica serovar newport on whole tomato plants. | recently, tomatoes have been implicated as a primary vehicle in food-borne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar newport and other salmonella serovars. long-term intervention measures to reduce salmonella prevalence on tomatoes remain elusive for growing and postharvest environments. a naturally occurring bacterium identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing as paenibacillus alvei was isolated epiphytically from plants native to the virginia eastern shore tomato-growing region. after initial antim ... | 2014 | 24747888 |
| attenuated virulence and genomic reductive evolution in the entomopathogenic bacterial symbiont species, xenorhabdus poinarii. | bacteria of the genus xenorhabdus are symbionts of soil entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema. this symbiotic association constitutes an insecticidal complex active against a wide range of insect pests. unlike other xenorhabdus species, xenorhabdus poinarii is avirulent when injected into insects in the absence of its nematode host. we sequenced the genome of the x. poinarii strain g6 and the closely related but virulent x. doucetiae strain frm16. g6 had a smaller genome (500-700 k ... | 2014 | 24904010 |
| plant cell wall dynamics and wall-related susceptibility in plant-pathogen interactions. | the cell wall is a dynamic structure that often determines the outcome of the interactions between plants and pathogens. it is a barrier that pathogens need to breach to colonize the plant tissue. while fungal necrotrophs extensively destroy the integrity of the cell wall through the combined action of degrading enzymes, biotrophic fungi require a more localized and controlled degradation of the cell wall in order to keep the host cells alive and utilize their feeding structures. also bacteria a ... | 2014 | 24904623 |
| phage therapy: eco-physiological pharmacology. | bacterial virus use as antibacterial agents, in the guise of what is commonly known as phage therapy, is an inherently physiological, ecological, and also pharmacological process. physiologically we can consider metabolic properties of phage infections of bacteria and variation in those properties as a function of preexisting bacterial states. in addition, there are patient responses to pathogenesis, patient responses to phage infections of pathogens, and also patient responses to phage virions ... | 2014 | 25031881 |
| diversity, biocontrol, and plant growth promoting abilities of xylem residing bacteria from solanaceous crops. | eggplant (solanum melongena l.) is one of the solanaceous crops of economic and cultural importance and is widely cultivated in the state of goa, india. eggplant cultivation is severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum that colonizes the xylem tissue. in this study, 167 bacteria were isolated from the xylem of healthy eggplant, chilli, and solanum torvum sw. by vacuum infiltration and maceration. amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) grouped these xylem residing ... | 2014 | 24963298 |
| the post-transcriptional regulator rsma/csra activates t3ss by stabilizing the 5' utr of hrpg, the master regulator of hrp/hrc genes, in xanthomonas. | the rsma/csra family of the post-transcriptional regulators of bacteria is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including pathogenesis. in this study, we demonstrated that rsma not only is required for the full virulence of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) but also contributes to triggering the hypersensitive response (hr) in non-host plants. deletion of rsma resulted in significantly reduced virulence in the host plant sweet orange and a delay ... | 2014 | 24586158 |
| complete genome of the switchgrass endophyte enterobacter clocace p101. | the enterobacter cloacae complex is genetically very diverse. the increasing number of complete genomic sequences of e. cloacae is helping to determine the exact relationship among members of the complex. e. cloacae p101 is an endophyte of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) and is closely related to other e. cloacae strains isolated from plants. the p101 genome consists of a 5,369,929 bp chromosome. the chromosome has 5,164 protein-coding regions, 100 trna sequences, and 8 rrna operons. | 2014 | 25197457 |
| structure and expression of gsl1 and gsl2 genes encoding gibberellin stimulated-like proteins in diploid and highly heterozygous tetraploid potato reveals their highly conserved and essential status. | gsl1 and gsl2, gibberellin stimulated-like proteins (also known as snakin-1 and snakin-2), are cysteine-rich peptides from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) with antimicrobial properties. similar peptides in other species have been implicated in diverse biological processes and are hypothesised to play a role in several aspects of plant development, plant responses to biotic or abiotic stress through their participation in hormone crosstalk, and redox homeostasis. to help resolve the biological role ... | 2014 | 24382166 |
| complete genome of pseudomonas chlororaphis strain ufb2, a soil bacterium with antibacterial activity against bacterial canker pathogen of tomato. | strain ufb2 was isolated from a soybean field soil in mississippi and identified as a member of pseudomonas chlororaphis. strain ufb2 has a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against common soil-borne pathogens. plate assays showed that strain ufb2 was especially efficient in inhibiting the growth of clavibacter michiganensis 1-07, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial canker of tomato. here, the complete genome sequence of p. chlororaphis strain ufb2 is reported and described. the st ... | 2015 | 26634018 |
| surveying the potential of secreted antimicrobial peptides to enhance plant disease resistance. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are natural products found across diverse taxa as part of the innate immune system against pathogen attacks. some amps are synthesized through the canonical gene expression machinery and are called ribosomal amps. other amps are assembled by modular enzymes generating nonribosomal amps and harbor unusual structural diversity. plants synthesize an array of amps, yet are still subject to many pathogen invasions. crop breeding programs struggle to release new cultivars ... | 2015 | 26579150 |
| water extract from spent mushroom substrate of hericium erinaceus suppresses bacterial wilt disease of tomato. | culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria ralstonia solanacearum b3. hericium erinaceus, lentinula edodes (sanjo 701), grifola frondosa, and hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (sms) of h. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: pectobacterium carotov ... | 2015 | 26539048 |
| plant and pathogen nutrient acquisition strategies. | nutrients are indispensable elements required for the growth of all living organisms including plants and pathogens. phyllosphere, rhizosphere, apoplast, phloem, xylem, and cell organelles are the nutrient niches in plants that are the target of bacterial pathogens. depending upon nutrients availability, the pathogen adapts various acquisition strategies and inhabits the specific niche. in this review, we discuss the nutrient composition of different niches in plants, the mechanisms involved in ... | 2015 | 26442063 |
| validation and application of a real-time pcr protocol for the specific detection and quantification of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus in potato. | clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (cms) multiplies very rapidly, passing through the vascular strands and into the stems and petioles of a diseased potato. therefore, the rapid and specific detection of this pathogen is highly important for the effective control of the pathogen. although several pcr assays have been developed for detection, they cannot afford specific detection of cms. therefore, in this study, a computational genome analysis was performed to compare the sequenced gen ... | 2015 | 26060431 |
| application of zinc chloride precipitation method for rapid isolation and concentration of infectious pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. lytic bacteriophages from surface water and plant and soil extracts. | this is the first report describing precipitation of bacteriophage particles with zinc chloride as a method of choice to isolate infectious lytic bacteriophages against pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. from environmental samples. the isolated bacteriophages are ready to use to study various (ecological) aspects of bacteria-bacteriophage interactions. the method comprises the well-known precipitation of phages from aqueous extracts of the test material by addition of zncl2, resuscitation of b ... | 2015 | 26099750 |
| application of zinc chloride precipitation method for rapid isolation and concentration of infectious pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. lytic bacteriophages from surface water and plant and soil extracts. | this is the first report describing precipitation of bacteriophage particles with zinc chloride as a method of choice to isolate infectious lytic bacteriophages against pectobacterium spp. and dickeya spp. from environmental samples. the isolated bacteriophages are ready to use to study various (ecological) aspects of bacteria-bacteriophage interactions. the method comprises the well-known precipitation of phages from aqueous extracts of the test material by addition of zncl2, resuscitation of b ... | 2015 | 26099750 |
| two different evolutionary lines of filamentous phages in ralstonia solanacearum: their effects on bacterial virulence. | the integration and excision of various filamentous phage genomes into and out of their host chromosomes occurs by site-specific recombination. the mechanisms proposed for these events include reactions mediated by phage-encoded recombinases and host recombination systems. site-specific integration of filamentous phages plays a vital role in a variety of biological functions of the host, such as phase variation of certain pathogenic bacterial virulence factors. the importance of these filamentou ... | 2015 | 26150828 |
| plant expansins: diversity and interactions with plant cell walls. | expansins were discovered two decades ago as cell wall proteins that mediate acid-induced growth by catalyzing loosening of plant cell walls without lysis of wall polymers. in the interim our understanding of expansins has gotten more complex through bioinformatic analysis of expansin distribution and evolution, as well as through expression analysis, dissection of the upstream transcription factors regulating expression, and identification of additional classes of expansin by sequence and struc ... | 2015 | 26057089 |
| cyclic lipopeptide biosynthetic genes and products, and inhibitory activity of plant-associated bacillus against phytopathogenic bacteria. | the antibacterial activity against bacterial plant pathogens and its relationships with the presence of the cyclic lipopeptide (clp) biosynthetic genes ituc (iturin), bmyb (bacillomycin), fend (fengycin) and srfaa (surfactin), and their corresponding antimicrobial peptide products have been studied in a collection of 64 strains of bacillus spp. isolated from plant environments. the most frequent antimicrobial peptide (amp) genes were bmyb, srfaa and fend (34-50% of isolates). most isolates (98.4 ... | 2015 | 26024374 |
| ex situ conservation priorities for the wild relatives of potato (solanum l. section petota). | crop wild relatives have a long history of use in potato breeding, particularly for pest and disease resistance, and are expected to be increasingly used in the search for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. their current and future use in crop improvement depends on their availability in ex situ germplasm collections. as these plants are impacted in the wild by habitat destruction and climate change, actions to ensure their conservation ex situ become ever more urgent. we analyzed the sta ... | 2015 | 25923711 |
| fusarium oxysporum triggers tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming in arabidopsis thaliana. | some of the most devastating agricultural diseases are caused by root-infecting pathogens, yet the majority of studies on these interactions to date have focused on the host responses of aerial tissues rather than those belowground. fusarium oxysporum is a root-infecting pathogen that causes wilt disease on several plant species including arabidopsis thaliana. to investigate and compare transcriptional changes triggered by f. oxysporum in different arabidopsis tissues, we infected soil-grown pla ... | 2015 | 25849296 |
| bacterial expansins and related proteins from the world of microbes. | the discovery of microbial expansins emerged from studies of the mechanism of plant cell growth and the molecular basis of plant cell wall extensibility. expansins are wall-loosening proteins that are universal in the plant kingdom and are also found in a small set of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, most of which colonize plant surfaces. they loosen plant cell walls without detectable lytic activity. bacterial expansins have attracted considerable attention recentl ... | 2015 | 25833181 |
| development of pcr and taqman pcr assays to detect pseudomonas coronafaciens, a causal agent of halo blight of oats. | pseudomonas coronafaciens causes halo blight on oats and is a plant quarantine bacterium in many countries, including the republic of korea. using of the certificated seed is important for control of the disease. since effective detection method of p. coronafaciens is not available yet, pcr and taqman pcr assays for specific detection of p. coronafaciens were developed in this study. pcr primers were designed from the draft genome sequence of p. coronafaciens lmg 5060 which was obtained by the n ... | 2015 | 25774107 |
| rpon1, but not rpon2, is required for twitching motility, natural competence, growth on nitrate, and virulence of ralstonia solanacearum. | the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum has two genes encoding for the sigma factor σ(54): rpon1, located in the chromosome and rpon2, located in a distinct "megaplasmid" replicon. in this study, individual mutants as well as a double mutant of rpon were created in r. solanacearum strain gmi1000 in order to determine the extent of functional overlap between these two genes. by virulence assay we observed that rpon1 is required for virulence whereas rpon2 is not. in addition rpon1 controls othe ... | 2015 | 25852679 |
| an update on polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip), a leucine-rich repeat protein that protects crop plants against pathogens. | polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (pgips) are cell wall proteins that inhibit the pectin-depolymerizing activity of polygalacturonases secreted by microbial pathogens and insects. these ubiquitous inhibitors have a leucine-rich repeat structure that is strongly conserved in monocot and dicot plants. previous reviews have summarized the importance of pgip in plant defense and the structural basis of pg-pgip interaction; here we update the current knowledge about pgips with the recent findings ... | 2015 | 25852708 |
| absence of lysogeny in wild populations of erwinia amylovora and pantoea agglomerans. | lytic bacteriophages are in development as biological control agents for the prevention of fire blight disease caused by erwinia amylovora. temperate phages should be excluded as biologicals since lysogeny produces the dual risks of host resistance to phage attack and the transduction of virulence determinants between bacteria. the extent of lysogeny was estimated in wild populations of e. amylovora and pantoea agglomerans with real-time polymerase chain reaction primers developed to detect e. a ... | 2015 | 25678125 |
| selection of a protein solubilization method suitable for phytopathogenic bacteria: a proteomics approach. | finding the best extraction method of proteins from lysed cells is the key step for detection and identification in all proteomics applications. these are important to complement the knowledge about the mechanisms of interaction between plants and phytopathogens causing major economic losses. to develop an optimized extraction protocol, strains of acidovorax citrulli, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and ralstonia solanacearum were used as representative cells in the study of phytop ... | 2015 | 25670925 |
| computer aided identification of a hevein-like antimicrobial peptide of bell pepper leaves for biotechnological use. | antimicrobial peptides from plants present mechanisms of action that are different from those of conventional defense agents. they are under-explored but have a potential as commercial antimicrobials. bell pepper leaves ('magali r') are discarded after harvesting the fruit and are sources of bioactive peptides. this work reports the isolation by peptidomics tools, and the identification and partially characterization by computational tools of an antimicrobial peptide from bell pepper leaves, and ... | 2016 | 28105928 |
| chilli anthracnose: the epidemiology and management. | indian cuisine is renowned and celebrated throughout the world for its spicy treat to the tongue. the flavor and aroma of the food generated due to the use of spices creates an indelible experience. among the commonly utilized spices to stimulate the taste buds in indian food, whole or powdered chilli constitutes an inevitable position. besides being a vital ingredient of of indian food, chilli occupy an important position as an economic commodity, a major share in indian economy. chilli also ha ... | 2016 | 27746765 |
| rhizobacterial characterization for quality control of eucalyptus biogrowth promoter products. | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria strains from special formulations have been used to optimize eucalyptus cutting production. to undertake quality control for the formulated products, the rhizobacterial strains should be characterized to assess their purity and authentication. in the present study, we characterized nine strains of rhizobacteria, including three bacillus subtilis (s1, s2 and 3918), two pseudomonas sp. (mf4 and fl2), p. putida (mf2), p. fulva (ca), frateuria aurantia (r1), and ... | 2016 | 27528088 |
| direct and indirect targeting of pp2a by conserved bacterial type-iii effector proteins. | bacterial avre-family type-iii effector proteins (t3es) contribute significantly to the virulence of plant-pathogenic species of pseudomonas, pantoea, ralstonia, erwinia, dickeya and pectobacterium, with hosts ranging from monocots to dicots. however, the mode of action of avre-family t3es remains enigmatic, due in large part to their toxicity when expressed in plant or yeast cells. to search for targets of wtse, an avre-family t3e from the maize pathogen pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, we e ... | 2016 | 27191168 |
| the antibacterial activity of chitosan products blended with monoterpenes and their biofilms against plant pathogenic bacteria. | this study focuses on the biological activities of eleven chitosan products with a viscosity-average molecular weight ranging from 22 to 846 kda in combination with the most active monoterpenes (geraniol and thymol), out of 10 tested, against four plant pathogenic bacteria, agrobacterium tumefaciens, erwinia carotovora, corynebacterium fascians, and pseudomonas solanacearum. the antibacterial activity was evaluated in vitro by the agar dilution technique as a minimum inhibitory concentration (mi ... | 2016 | 27127676 |
| genomics-based exploration of virulence determinants and host-specific adaptations of pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from grasses. | the pseudomonas syringae species complex has recently been named the number one plant pathogen, due to its economic and environmental impacts, as well as for its role in scientific research. the bacterium has been repeatedly reported to cause outbreaks on bean, cucumber, stone fruit, kiwi and olive tree, as well as on other crop and non-crop plants. it also serves as a model organism for research on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) and plant-pathogen interactions. while most of the current w ... | 2014 | 25437611 |
| microbial population dynamics in response to pectobacterium atrosepticum infection in potato tubers. | endophytes are microbes and fungi that live inside plant tissues without damaging the host. herein we examine the dynamic changes in the endophytic bacterial community in potato (solanum tuberosum) tuber in response to pathogenic infection by pectobacterium atrosepticum, which causes soft rot in numerous economically important crops. we quantified community changes using both cultivation and next-generation sequencing of the 16s rrna gene and found that, despite observing significant variability ... | 2015 | 26118792 |
| l-asparaginase production in the pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain jhs-71 isolated from jooshan hot-spring. | l-asparaginase has lots of medical and industrial applications. ever since l-asparaginase anti-tumor activity was first demonstrated, its production using microbial systems has attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. the aim of this study is to obtain l-asparaginase producing bacteria and determining the enzyme activity. samples were picked up from jooshan hot springs located in the sirch, kerman. the l-asparaginase producing bacteria were screened ... | 2016 | 27844015 |
| regulation of the rhaewrbma operon involved in l-rhamnose catabolism through two transcriptional factors, rhar and ccpa, in bacillus subtilis. | the bacillus subtilis rhaewrbma (formerly yuxg-yulbcde) operon consists of four genes encoding enzymes for l-rhamnose catabolism and the rhar gene encoding a deor-type transcriptional regulator. dnase i footprinting analysis showed that the rhar protein specifically binds to the regulatory region upstream of the rhaew gene, in which two imperfect direct repeats are included. gel retardation analysis revealed that the direct repeat farther upstream is essential for the high-affinity binding of rh ... | 2016 | 26712933 |
| salt stress activation of wound-related genes in tomato plants. | plants respond to various stresses by expressing distinct sets of genes. the effects of multiple stresses on plants and their interactions are not well understood. we have discovered that salt stress causes the accumulation of proteinase inhibitors and the activation of other wound-related genes in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants. salt stress was also found to enhance the plant's response to wounding locally and systemically. the tomato mutant (def-1), which has an impairment in the octa ... | 2003 | 12913164 |
| modulation of cyp79 genes and glucosinolate profiles in arabidopsis by defense signaling pathways. | glucosinolates are natural plant products that function in the defense toward herbivores and pathogens. plant defense is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid, and ethylene function as signaling molecules. glucosinolate content was analyzed in arabidopsis wild-type plants in response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (meja), 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid, ethylene, and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, or by woundi ... | 2003 | 12529537 |
| the wrky70 transcription factor: a node of convergence for jasmonate-mediated and salicylate-mediated signals in plant defense. | cross talk between salicylic acid (sa)- and jasmonic acid (ja)-dependent defense signaling has been well documented in plants, but how this cross talk is executed and the components involved remain to be elucidated. we demonstrate that the plant-specific transcription factor wrky70 is a common component in sa- and ja-mediated signal pathways. expression of wrky70 is activated by sa and repressed by ja. the early induction of wrky70 by sa is npr1-independent, but functional npr1 is required for f ... | 2004 | 14742872 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of plant oxylipins supports their involvement in defense against pathogens. | plant oxylipins are a large family of metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. the characterization of mutants or transgenic plants affected in the biosynthesis or perception of oxylipins has recently emphasized the role of the so-called oxylipin pathway in plant defense against pests and pathogens. in this context, presumed functions of oxylipins include direct antimicrobial effect, stimulation of plant defense gene expression, and regulation of plant cell death. however, the preci ... | 2005 | 16299186 |
| extratrain: a database of extragenic regions and transcriptional information in prokaryotic organisms. | transcriptional regulation processes are the principal mechanisms of adaptation in prokaryotes. in these processes, the regulatory proteins and the regulatory dna signals located in extragenic regions are the key elements involved. as all extragenic spaces are putative regulatory regions, extratrain covers all extragenic regions of available genomes and regulatory proteins from bacteria and archaea included in the uniprot database. | 2006 | 16539733 |
| myc2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in arabidopsis. | the arabidopsis thaliana basic helix-loop-helix leu zipper transcription factor (tf) myc2/jin1 differentially regulates jasmonate (ja)-responsive pathogen defense (e.g., pdf1.2) and wound response (e.g., vsp) genes. in this study, genome-wide transcriptional profiling of wild type and mutant myc2/jin1 plants followed by functional analyses has revealed new roles for myc2 in the modulation of diverse ja functions. we found that myc2 negatively regulates trp and trp-derived secondary metabolism su ... | 2007 | 17616737 |