| acute and chronic hepatitis e in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 2011 | 20384963 |
| the complete genome sequence and molecular analysis of human hepatitis e virus genotype iv identified from a korean patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was originally identified as the etiological agent of non-hav enterically transmitted hepatitis. one hev strain (fj763142) was identified from an acute viral hepatitis e patient with igm anti-hev in korea. the complete genome sequence consisted of 7,238 nucleotides (nt) plus a 22-nt poly(a) tail. the strain belongs to genotype iv, with 91% homology compared with ab197674, which was found in a japanese patient who had traveled to china. this finding suggests that hev genot ... | 2010 | 20390311 |
| a fatal case of acute hepatitis e among pregnant women, central african republic. | abstract: | 2010 | 20398305 |
| seroprevalence and distribution of hepatitis e virus in various ethnic groups in gansu province, china. | gansu province is located in northwestern china and is home to 45 ethnic groups including han, hui, zang and others. different ethnic groups have varying involvement with livestock and meat consumption, especially pork. to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and the distribution of hev genotypes among the major ethnic groups in gansu province, 2090 serum samples were collected from individuals from four regions and three ethnic groups, the han, hui and zang. all serum ... | 2010 | 20398803 |
| phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis e virus samples from european and australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes. | using pcrs that amplify regions of helicase and capsid genes, the presence of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was determined in samples from european and australian chicken flocks (collected from 2005 to 2007 and 1986 to 1995, respectively). a total of 27 virus samples from 9 countries were analysed to determine the phylogenetic relationship following pcrs and nucleic acid sequencing of the helicase and capsid regions of 18 avian hev samples. for comparison, helicase and capsid sequences of ... | 2010 | 20399575 |
| [zoonotic potential of the hepatitis e virus]. | the hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a non-enveloped rna virus. the hev genome is formed by a nonsegmented positive-sense rna chain with a 3'-terminal polyadenylated tail and a 5'-terminal cap. according to the currently accepted taxonomy, hev is classified in the genus hepevirus, the sole member of the family hepeviridae. hepatitis e is usually transmitted by the faecal-oral route due to poor sanitation and contamination of drinking water or water for industrial p ... | 2010 | 20401833 |
| should hiv-infected patients with unexplained chronic liver enzyme elevations be tested for hepatitis e virus? | | 2010 | 20433358 |
| hepatitis e virus: an emerging zoonotic agent. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis. the aetiological agent is the hepatitis e virus (hev). the disease represents an important public health problem in developing countries where it is frequently epidemic and is primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route. in recent years, a number of sporadic cases have also been described in industrialised countries, italy included. swine hev was first identified in 1997 and is now consider ... | 2005 | 20437374 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among animals and humans in xinjiang, china: possibility of swine to human transmission of sporadic hepatitis e in an endemic area. | hepatitis e is a worldwide public health problem, especially in areas with poor sanitation. this study examines the potential hepatitis e virus (hev) animal reservoirs and the current status of hev infection among animals and humans in an endemic area of xinjiang, china. one thousand five hundred twenty-one serum samples from 12 different animal species and 296 sera from humans were detected for anti-hev with an in-house enzyme immunoassay, and partial hev rna was amplified with a reverse transc ... | 2010 | 20439982 |
| fusion of c3d molecule with neutralization epitope(s) of hepatitis e virus enhances antibody avidity maturation and neutralizing activity following dna immunization. | previous studies have identified that a hepatits e virus peptide (hev-p179), spanning amino acids (aa) 439-617 in the 660-aa protein encoded by open reading frame 2(orf2) of the chinese epidemic strain (genotype 4), is the minimal size fragment of conformation-dependent neutralization epitope(s). we report here the successful immunization of mice with dna vaccines expressing the secreted form of hev-p179 (fused with a human tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) signal sequence) and the tpa-p179-c3d ... | 2010 | 20451569 |
| [rare acute hepatitis in a female patient with hemochromatosis: a zoonosis?]. | a 58-year-old female patient was transferred by her general practitioner with fatigue, nausea and icterus which had begun 2 weeks prior to admission. laboratory results revealed acute hepatitis (alat [alanine aminotransferase] 3,871 u/l, asat [aspartate aminotransferase] 2,004 u/l, bilirubin 6.7 mg/dl, gamma-gt [gamma-glutamyl transferase] 503 u/l). the patient's medical history included genetic hemochromatosis (without cirrhosis). hepatitis a to c, infection with herpesviruses or leptospira int ... | 2010 | 20455055 |
| molecular detection of genotype 3 porcine hepatitis e virus in aborted fetuses and their sows. | by reverse transcription (rt)-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), hepatitis e virus (hev) rna was simultaneously detected in the livers of aborted fetuses and in fecal and serum samples from their sows, obtained from two of 14 farms tested. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that these hevs belonged to genotype 3 hev. hev rna was detected by real-time rt-pcr at 2.0 x 10(3)-2.8 x 10(4) viral copies/microl in the hev-positive samples. all hev-positive fetuses tested positive for porcine ... | 2010 | 20458510 |
| hepatitis e virus in hiv-infected patients. | many cases of acute autochthonous hepatitic e virus (hev) hepatitis have been reported in france, mainly from the south. chronic hev infection has recently been described in immunosuppressed patients. although a potential risk of chronicity exists in hiv-infected patients, no survey has been conducted in this population. the aim of this study was to assess the sero-virological prevalence of hev in french hiv-infected patients. | 2010 | 20467291 |
| synthetic rabbit-human antibody conjugate as a control in immunoassays for immunoglobulin m specific to hepatitis e virus. | in assays for anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunoglobulin m (igm), large volumes of the patient's sera cannot be easily obtained for use as a positive control. in this study, we investigated an alternative chemical method in which rabbit anti-hev igg was conjugated with human igm and was used as a positive control in the anti-hev igm assay. rabbit anti-hev igg was isolated from immune sera by chromatography on protein a-sepharose and was conjugated with human igm by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylam ... | 2010 | 20482892 |
| chronic hepatitis e in liver transplant recipients: a significant clinical problem? | hepatitis e is an inflammatory liver disease caused by infection with the hepatitis e virus (hev). five different hev genotypes have been described. while hev genotypes 1 and 2 primarily infect man, genotypes 3 and 4 have been detected both in humans and several animal species including pigs. hev genotype 1 and 2 infections are frequent in southern asia and africa. however, hepatitis e is more and more considered as an re-emerging zoonotic disease also in industrialized countries as hev genotype ... | 2010 | 20485250 |
| incidence of leptospirosis in a select population in nepal. | the geographic distribution of leptospirosis is widespread but no national surveillance program exists in nepal to establish the incidence of leptospirosis or the disease burden. this study reports the incidence of symptomatic leptospirosis in military personnel participating in an efficacy study of a hepatitis e virus vaccine in nepal. among the 1566 study volunteers who completed follow-up, we evaluated 271 illnesses over 2.2 years for the presence of leptospira igm antibodies by elisa. positi ... | 2010 | 20494385 |
| three-month pegylated interferon-alpha-2a therapy for chronic hepatitis e virus infection in a haemodialysis patient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can induce chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients. there is no established treatment for hev infection. pegylated interferon-alpha-2a (peg-ifn-alpha-2a) has been successfully used for treating hev infection in liver transplant patients with chronic hepatitis. a kidney transplant patient with chronic hev infection evolved to end-stage kidney disease and started haemodialysis. three months after immunosuppressive therapy was stopped, hev rna was still detected both ... | 2010 | 20494897 |
| [hepatitis e--a new zoonotic disease in germany?]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most frequent pathogen of a fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis in humans in many developing countries. it is endemic in the middle east, in india, in southeast asia, central asia as well as in central and south america. it can be predominantly found in young adults. the mortality rate comes up to 2% whereas in pregnant women death rate can reach about 25%. until a few years ago, acute hepatitis e was thought to be rare in industrialized countries: most cases were fou ... | 2010 | 20496825 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection: a paradigm shift?]. | hepatitis e is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev). hepatitis e is mainly a self-limiting travel-associated disease without chronic evolution. in recent years an increasing number of authochtonous hev-infections has been described in industrialized countries. hev-infections frequently take a mild clinical silent course of disease in immunocompetent individuals and thus hev infection is largely underdiagnosed. therefore, the anti-hev-prevalence is much higher than anticipa ... | 2010 | 20503140 |
| seroprevalence and molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in wild boar and red deer in the netherlands. | to date, sources of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the netherlands, including swine and wild boar, have been identified, but no direct attribution to dutch hepatitis e cases have been demonstrated. other animal sources may exist. to identify these species, hev rna detection by rt-pcr is required, but complicated. a preselection based on serology may be useful. therefore, wildlife species were studied by serology and molecular methods. using a species-independent double-antigen sandwich elisa, hev-sp ... | 2010 | 20510298 |
| molecular and serological survey of hepatitis e virus infection among domestic pigs in inner mongolia, china. | to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in inner mongolia, china, serum samples obtained from 356 2- to 4-month-old pigs on 14 farms in inner mongolia were tested for the presence of anti-hev antibodies and hev rna. overall, 186 pigs (52%) tested positive for anti-hev antibodies, while 30 pigs (8%) had detectable hev rna levels. the 30 hev isolates recovered from the viremic pigs were phylogenetically classified into genotype 4 and differed from ... | 2010 | 20512514 |
| household data from the ugandan hepatitis e virus outbreak indicate the dominance of community infection. | | 2010 | 20518677 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies against hendra and nipah viruses in an antigen capture elisa. | outbreaks of hendra (hev) and nipah (niv) viruses have been reported starting in 1994 and 1998, respectively. both viruses are capable of causing fatal disease in humans and effecting great economical loss in the livestock industry. | 2010 | 20525276 |
| surveillance of hepatitis e virus in sewage and drinking water in a resettlement colony of delhi: what has been the experience? | hepatitis e virus infection is one of the major causes of hepatitis and has been responsible for many sporadic waterborne hepatitis epidemics. we studied 141 cases of viral hepatitis in the gokulpuri area and collected the tap water, sewage water and serum samples from the individual cases of hepatitis in the community. samples were analysed for the presence of hepatitis e virus (hev) by rt-pcr, followed by sequencing. forty-one out of 141 (29.08%) cases of viral hepatitis had evidence of hev in ... | 2010 | 20532928 |
| recombination analysis reveals a double recombination event in hepatitis e virus. | recombination of hepatitis e virus (hev) has rarely been reported. in the present study, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed on 134 complete hev genomes. three potentially significant recombination events, including both intra-genotype and one inter-genotype, were identified by recombination detection analysis. recombination events i and ii occurred intra-genotype and inter-genotype, respectively, among three isolates, including the lineage represented by chn-xj-sw13 (gu119961 ... | 2010 | 20546601 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in humans, pigs and wild boars in sweden. | hepatitis e infections in humans are usually acquired in endemic countries in asia or africa. in sweden 17 cases infected in europe, between 1993 and 2009, were identified. all had clinical hepatitis e with unknown source of infection. hepatitis e virus (hev) was identified in faecal samples from 63 piglets in 12 pig farms in sweden. hev was also identified in blood from 13 out of 159 investigated swedish wild boars from nine counties. partial hev genomes from humans, pigs and wild boars were se ... | 2011 | 20546635 |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection: successful virologic response to pegylated interferon-alpha therapy. | | 2010 | 20547885 |
| brief communication: case reports of ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis e. | there is currently no accepted treatment of chronic hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. | 2010 | 20547886 |
| hepatitis e virus is highly prevalent in the danish pig population. | the objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in the danish pig population. faecal samples from 97 pigs, 1-5 months of age were analysed for hev rna by a new priproet real time rt-pcr assay. in addition, serum samples from 71 sow herds were screened for the presence of anti-hev igg antibodies by elisa. the genotype of the detected hev positive samples was estimated based on the melting temperature obtained by the priproet real time rt-pcr assay. the hev pre ... | 2010 | 20554125 |
| phylogenetic analysis and subtyping of acute and fulminant strains of hepatitis e virus isolates of north india with reference to disease severity. | hepatitis e is endemic to the indian subcontinent, with a seroprevalence of 4-20%, and more than 25% of acute viral hepatitis is due to hev. the northern parts of india have been experiencing outbreaks and sporadic cases of hev since 1955. in a total of sixteen hev sequences, ten acute viral hepatitis and 6 fulminant hepatic failure cases were analysed. subtypes 1a and 1c of hev are prevalent in north india, with the subtype-1c showing a trend towards fulminancy. | 2010 | 20559669 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) and risk factors in pig workers and blood donors]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis with a self-limiting clinical presentation in humans. the increasing number of non-immigrant cases of hepatitis e and the high prevalence detected in pigs suggested that this species is a reservoir. several studies have been published describing differences in the prevalence of anti-hev antibodies between people exposed and not exposed to pigs, but the risk factors for the acquisition of the viru ... | 2010 | 20570018 |
| [seroepidemiological survey of sheep hepatitis e virus infection in aksu region of xinjiang autonomous]. | four hundreds and ninety sheep sera from seven breeds raised at eight counties and one city of aksu region in xinjiang were tested by elisa for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev), and the positive rate differences were compared based on administrative areas, breeds and age by chi-square test. the result showed that the general positive rate was 28.98% (142/490), the positive rate were 35.44% (28/79), 29.67% (27/91), 20% (4/20), 40% (12/30), 32.5% (26/80), 38% (19/50), 22. ... | 2010 | 20572346 |
| the two faces of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has at least 2 distinct epidemiological profiles: (1) large outbreaks and epidemics in developing countries, usually caused by hev genotype 1, resulting in high morbidity and mortality among pregnant women and young children, and (2) very few symptomatic cases of hev genotype 3, most cases without symptoms or clear source(s) of infection, but frequent seroreactivity in 5%-21% of asymptomatic persons in developed countries. we urge more epidemiological studies and public h ... | 2010 | 20572761 |
| hepatitis e virus. | | 2009 | 20575308 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among pig handlers in accra, ghana. | to determine the correlates of hepatitis e virus infection (hev) in a sample of persons who work with pigs. | 2009 | 20575309 |
| a nationwide survey for prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibody in qualified blood donors in japan. | in previous studies, we reported the transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) by transfusion, and the frequent detection of hev markers in japanese blood donors with elevated alt levels. for the current study, we carried out a nationwide survey of the prevalence of igg anti-hev in qualified blood donors throughout japan. | 2010 | 20576022 |
| serologic assays specific to immunoglobulin m antibodies against hepatitis e virus: pangenotypic evaluation of performances. | six immunoassays for detecting immunoglobulin m antibodies to hepatitis e virus were evaluated. serum samples representing acute infection by each of the 4 viral genotypes as well as nonacute hepatitis e virus infection constituted the test panels. diagnostic sensitivities and specificities as well as interassay agreement varied widely. analytical sensitivity limits also were determined and were found to be particularly disparate. | 2010 | 20578874 |
| study of cellular immune response against hepatitis e virus (hev). | summary. hepatitis e virus infection (hev) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in the developing world. the immunopathology of hev infections has not yet been elucidated. the virus is noncytopathic, and therefore, liver injury may be attributed to immune-mediated damage by cytotoxic t cells and natural killer cells. therefore, we studied the nature of immune cells involved in hev-induced liver damage using immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies taken from patients with hev-induced acute li ... | 2010 | 20579277 |
| rna 5'-triphosphatase activity of the hepatitis e virus helicase domain. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has a positive-sense rna genome with a 5'-m7g cap. hev open reading frame 1 (orf1) encodes a polyprotein with multiple enzyme domains required for replication. hev helicase is a nucleoside triphosphatase (ntpase) with the ability to unwind rna duplexes in the 5'-to-3' direction. when incubated with 5'-[gamma-(32)p]rna and 5'-[alpha-(32)p]rna, hev helicase released (32)p only from 5'-[gamma-(32)p]rna, showing specificity for the gamma-beta-triphosphate bond. removal of gam ... | 2010 | 20592074 |
| molecular detection of hepatitis e virus in sewage samples. | human hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. in italy, the true burden of hev infection is unknown. molecular hev screening of raw sewage samples from 11 wastewater treatment plants yielded 19 positives (16%; 18 genotype i, 1 genotype iii) evenly distributed throughout italy. evidence that hev could be establishing itself in our region is accumulating and may justify more active surveillance to monitor its spread. | 2010 | 20601505 |
| study on prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus isolated from rex rabbits in beijing, china. | summary. a novel genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from rabbits is reported. the aim of this study was to confirm and further investigate the prevalence of the novel hev genotype in rabbits in china. sera and faecal samples were collected from farmed rex rabbits in beijing, china. all serum samples were tested for anti-hev antibody by eia. both the serum and the faecal samples were evaluated for detection of hev rna using a nested rt-pcr assay. the nucleotide sequences of rabbit hev w ... | 2010 | 20609076 |
| [development of a multiplex technique for detecting simultaneously hav rna and hev rna.] | the hepatitis e virus (hev) is more and more frequently incriminated in hepatitis episodes. in non-endemic regions, it is clear now that this infection is autochthonous, and certainly a zoonosis and thus, that this virus must not only be assessed in hepatitis cases among travellers in endemic regions. in parallel, in endemic region, where hev, like hav, is mainly water-transmitted, important outbreaks still occur. this article describes the development and validation of a new molecular technique ... | 2010 | 20609530 |
| release of genotype 1 hepatitis e virus from cultured hepatoma and polarized intestinal cells depends on open reading frame 3 protein and requires an intact pxxp motif. | hepatitis e virus genotype 1 strain sar55 replicated in subcloned caco-2 intestinal cells and huh7 hepatoma cells that had been transfected with in vitro transcribed viral genomes, and hepatitis e virions were released into the culture medium of both cell lines. virus egress from cells depended on open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein, and a proline-rich sequence in orf3 was important for egress from cultured cells and for infection of macaques. both intracellular orf3 protein accumulation and vir ... | 2010 | 20610720 |
| [liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis e in a kidney transplant patient]. | until recently, hepatitis e was considered to be an infectious disease that resolved without any long-term complications. we describe a 47-year-old woman who presented with a decompensated liver cirrhosis with ascites and peripheral oedema, 14 years after successful kidney transplantation. a previous extensive analysis of persistent liver enzyme disorders had not yielded a diagnosis, whereas now laboratory tests showed slightly abnormal liver results. the ct scan revealed ascites with signs of a ... | 2010 | 20619048 |
| swine as the possible source of hepatitis e virus transmission to humans in thailand. | this report describes a study that provides evidence of hev transmission from pigs to humans in thailand by applying molecular genetics analysis. it was found that viruses recovered from thai patients are closely related to genotype 3 and swine hepatitis e virus in thailand. based on analysis of a 302-base-pair orf2 fragment, the strains investigated belong to subgroup 3e and are closely related to european strains. based on the results obtained, swine are suspected to be a source of hev transmi ... | 2010 | 20628771 |
| homology model and potential virus-capsid binding site of a putative hev receptor grp78. | p239, a truncated construct of the hepatitis e virus (hev) orf2 protein, has been proven able to bind with a chaperone, grp78, in both an in vitro co-immune precipitation test and an in vivo cell model. we previously solved the crystal structure of e2s-the c-terminal domain of p239 involved in host interactions. in the present study, we built a 3d structure of grp78 using homology modeling methods, and docked this molecule with e2s using the zdockpro module of the insightii software package. the ... | 2011 | 20628775 |
| infrequent detection of hepatitis e virus rna in pregnant women with hepatitis e virus antibodies in spain. | | 2010 | 20629948 |
| hepatitis e virus and person-to-person transmission. | | 2010 | 20635871 |
| introduction to supplement issue pathogencombat: reducing food borne disease in europe--control and prevention of emerging pathogens at cellular and molecular level throughout the food chain. | | 2010 | 20638144 |
| viral rna but no evidence of replication can be detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hepatitis e virus-infected patients. | summary. hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in several developing countries but has recently been shown to cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed persons. other hepatotropic viruses that cause chronic infection have been shown to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and to persist in those cells. we therefore decided to look for evidence of replication of hev in pbmcs obtained from patients with acute hepatitis e, using strand-speci ... | 2010 | 20659304 |
| a novel model of lethal hendra virus infection in african green monkeys and the effectiveness of ribavirin treatment. | the henipaviruses, hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv), are emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe and often lethal neurologic and/or respiratory disease in a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including humans. there are presently no licensed vaccines or treatment options approved for human or veterinarian use. guinea pigs, hamsters, cats, and ferrets, have been evaluated as animal models of human hev infection, but studies in nonhuman primates (nhp) have not been reported, ... | 2010 | 20660198 |
| a simple feature representation vector for phylogenetic analysis of dna sequences. | in this study, a simple 4k-dimension feature representation vector is proposed to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, where k is the length of a word. the vector is composed of elements which characterize the relative difference of biological sequence from sequence generated by an independent random process. in addition, the variance of a vector which is obtained by averaging every column of feature representation matrix is employed to determine appropriate word length. in our experiments, reliable ... | 2010 | 20665972 |
| detection rates of the swine torque teno viruses (ttvs), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the livers of pigs with hepatitis. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the most recently recognized causes of infectious hepatitis of pigs and may or may not act independently in the development of the disease. recently it has been suggested that swine torque teno viruses (ttvs), in co-infections with some swine viral pathogens, may potentiate the severity of disease. in order to search for virological cofactors associated with infectious hepatitis in pigs, we investigated the liver tissues, to determ ... | 2010 | 20676762 |
| hepatitis e virus excretion can be prolonged in patients with hematological malignancies. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and locally acquired sporadic hepatitis e can occur in western countries. chronic hepatitis e virus infections have been recently described in solid organ transplant recipients. there is little data on the evolution of hepatitis e in patients immunocompromised for other reasons. | 2010 | 20678959 |
| virus infections and type 1 diabetes risk. | common intestinal infections caused by human enteroviruses (hevs) are considered major environmental factors predisposing to type 1 diabetes (t1d). in spite of the active research of the field, the hev-induced pathogenetic processes are poorly understood. recently, after the first documented report on hev infections in the pancreatic islets of deceased t1d patients, several groups became interested in the issue and studied valuable human material, the autopsy pancreases of diabetic and/or autoan ... | 2010 | 20680525 |
| henipavirus: a review of laboratory animal pathology. | the genus henipavirus contains two members-hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv)-and each can cause fatal disease in humans and animals. hev and niv are currently classified as biosafety level 4, and niv is classified as a category c priority pathogen. the aim of this article is to discuss the pathology of laboratory animal models of henipavirus infection and to assess their suitability as animal models for the development and testing of human therapeutics and vaccines. there has been conside ... | 2010 | 20682803 |
| hidden danger: the raw facts about hepatitis e virus. | | 2010 | 20695795 |
| pig liver sausage as a source of hepatitis e virus transmission to humans. | the source and route of autochthonous hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are not clearly established in industrialized countries despite evidence that it is a zoonosis in pigs. we investigated the role of figatellu, a traditional pig liver sausage widely eaten in france and commonly consumed raw, as a source of hev infection. | 2010 | 20695796 |
| characteristics of autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection in solid-organ transplant recipients in france. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections can lead to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. we have investigated the risk factors for hev infection among solid-organ transplant recipients and the characteristics of these infections. | 2010 | 20695798 |
| ribavirin therapy inhibits viral replication on patients with chronic hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. pegylated α-interferon can effectively treat chronic hev infection after liver transplantation but is contraindicated for kidney transplantation. we assessed the antiviral effect of ribavirin monotherapy in patients with chronic hev infection following kidney transplantation. | 2010 | 20708006 |
| construction of an infectious cdna clone of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) recovered from a clinically healthy chicken in the united states and characterization of its pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | a genetically distinct strain of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev-va strain) was isolated from a healthy chicken in virginia, and thus it is important to characterize and compare its pathogenicity with the prototype strain (avian hev-prototype) isolated from a diseased chicken. here we first constructed an infectious clone of the avian hev-va strain. capped rna transcripts from the avian hev-va clone were replication-competent after transfection of lmh chicken liver cells. chickens inoculated ... | 2011 | 20708350 |
| structure of hepatitis e virion-sized particle reveals an rna-dependent viral assembly pathway. | hepatitis e virus (hev) induces acute hepatitis in humans with a high fatality rate in pregnant women. there is a need for anti-hev research to understand the assembly process of hev native capsid. here, we produced a large virion-sized and a small t=1 capsid by expressing the hev capsid protein in insect cells with and without the n-terminal 111 residues, respectively, for comparative structural analysis. the virion-sized capsid demonstrates a t=3 icosahedral lattice and contains rna fragment i ... | 2010 | 20720013 |
| non-hepatic insults are common acute precipitants in patients with acute on chronic liver failure (aclf). | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is a newly coined term to describe simultaneous coexistence of two liver conditions, one of them being chronic or long-standing and the other acute or recent. there is limited data on the entity of aclf. this study was performed to review our experience in aclf patients from a tertiary care centre. | 2010 | 20721624 |
| [identification and genetic characteristics of five non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) multiplicated on l20b cell line]. | to identify and describe the genetic characteristics of non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) which could multiplicated on l20b cell line, and discuss the impact to isolation rate of polioviruses. | 2010 | 20726256 |
| efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine in healthy adults: a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. | seroprevalence data suggest that a third of the world's population has been infected with the hepatitis e virus. our aim was to assess efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine, hev 239 (hecolin; xiamen innovax biotech, xiamen, china) in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. | 2010 | 20728932 |
| hepatitis e vaccine: not a moment too soon. | | 2010 | 20728933 |
| [acute hepatitis, but not a, b, or c: consider e]. | to determine the percentage of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in serum samples from patients with negative serology for hepatitis a, b and c and to find out what may be the harmful consequences of a missed diagnosis of acute hev infection. | 2010 | 20735873 |
| novel hepatitis e virus genotype in norway rats, germany. | human hepatitis e virus infections may be caused by zoonotic transmission of virus genotypes 3 and 4. to determine whether rodents are a reservoir, we analyzed the complete nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis e-like virus from 2 norway rats in germany. the sequence suggests a separate genotype for this hepatotropic virus. | 2010 | 20735931 |
| analysis of avian hepatitis e virus from chickens, china. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) has been identified in chickens; however, only 4 complete or near-complete genomic sequences have been reported. we found that the near-complete genomic sequence of avian hev in chickens from china shared the highest identity (98.3%) with avian hev from europe and belonged to avian hev genotype 3. | 2010 | 20735936 |
| pathogenesis of hepatitis e virus and hepatitis c virus in chimpanzees: similarities and differences. | the chimpanzee is the only animal model for investigating the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis types a through e in humans. studies of the host response, including microarray analyses, have relied on the close relationship between these two primate species: chimpanzee samples are commonly tested with human-based reagents. in this study, the host responses to two dissimilar viruses, hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis c virus (hcv), were compared in multiple experimentally infected chimpanzees. ... | 2010 | 20739520 |
| effect of acute hepatitis e infection in patients with liver cirrhosis. | hepatitis e virus is a major cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis. mortality is very high if it is associated with pregnancy, especially during third trimester. this study was carried out to find out the effects of acute hev hepatitis on chronic liver disease patients of different etiologies. | 2009 | 20795462 |
| epidemiology and risk factors of incident hepatitis e virus infections in rural bangladesh. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. most of south asia is hev endemic, with frequent seasonal epidemics of hepatitis e and continuous sporadic cases. this author group's epidemiologic work and clinical reports suggest that bangladesh is hev endemic, but there have been few population-based studies of this country's hev burden. the authors calculated hev infection rates, over an 18-month interval between 2003 and 2005, by following a randomly se ... | 2010 | 20801864 |
| evidence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in human and pigs in sardinia, italy. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies in humans sera and to study hev prevalence in swine from different sardinian farms, testing viral hev-rna in bile samples. | 2009 | 20812518 |
| [detection and sequences analysis of sheep hepatitis e virus rna in xinjiang autonomous region]. | to understand whether hepatitis e virus (hev) was infectious in sheep in xinjiang. | 2010 | 20815242 |
| dynamics of hev viremia, fecal shedding and its relationship with transaminases and antibody response in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e. | there is paucity of data regarding duration of fecal excretion and viremia on sequential samples from individual patients and its correlation with serum transaminases and antibody responses in patients with acute hepatitis e. this prospective study was undertaken at a tertiary care center in northern india over 15 months. only those patients of sporadic acute hepatitis e who were in their first week of illness and followed up weekly for liver function tests, igm anti hev antibody and hev rna in ... | 2010 | 20815928 |
| [analysis of the clinical features of and responsive factors on the prognosis in patients with fulminant hepatic failure]. | to judge the prognosis in the patients with fulminant hepatic failure and to provide the evidences of correct therapy. | 2010 | 20825718 |
| seroepidemiology of a second epidemic of hepatitis e in a population that had recorded first epidemic 30 years before and has been under surveillance since then. | large-scale waterborne epidemics of hepatitis e occur in developing countries. it is not known why these epidemics occur repeatedly and selectively in adult population? | 2010 | 20827406 |
| low prevalence of hepatitis e infection among pregnant women in madrid, spain. | hepatitis e virus, a cause of sporadic hepatitis in developed countries is present in spain. the aims of this study were to determine whether the prevalence of igg anti-hepatitis e virus antibodies has increased in recent years in spain and the prevalence in a study population at risk of developing the disease following the infection. serum samples from 1,040 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were studied. the prevalence rate of 3.6% has not increased significantly since 1999 in spite of ... | 2010 | 20827762 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses in aden, yemen. | the burden of hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis e (hev) infection is unknown in aden, yemen. this survey describes the prevalence of antibodies against hav and hev among individuals attending primary health care facilities in aden, yemen. five hundred and thirty eight participants, stratified by age and district population size, were enrolled and screened for anti-hav and 356 for anti-hev antibodies. the age-standardized seroprevalence of antibodies was 86.6% (95% ci 83.7-89.5) for anti-hav and 10 ... | 2010 | 20828772 |
| hepatitis e vaccine: why wait? | | 2010 | 20833284 |
| [complete genome sequence of coxsackievirus b5 (cvb5/09) strain isolated in china and its phylogenetic analysis]. | an outbreak of hand foot and mouth disease occurred in shang dong, china in 2009. almost 20% of patient's swabs was positive for coxsackie virus b5 (cvb5) identified by rt-pcr and sequencing. it was suggested that cvb5 may be another important pathogen for hfmd. fifteen pairs of overlapping primers were designed and the genome sequence was sequenced. the genome of cvb5 was 7 399 nt in length, coding for 2 185aa. the genome displayed 80.6%-85.3% nucleotide sequence identity and 96.1%-96.9% amino ... | 2010 | 20836381 |
| detection of human enterovirus and human parechovirus (hpev) genotypes from clinical stool samples: polymerase chain reaction and direct molecular typing, culture characteristics, and serotyping. | molecular (polymerase chain reaction [pcr]) methods are increasingly used to detect and type human enteroviruses (hevs) and parechoviruses (hpev). here, we assessed their value in comparison to virus culture and serotyping for detection and typing of hev and hpev in stool samples from hospitalized patients. by use of real-time pcr, 221/1174 patients (18.8%) were found positive for hev/hpev. by cell culture, a virus could be isolated from 107 of the hev/hpev pcr-positive samples. culture efficien ... | 2010 | 20846590 |
| [cell culture system for hepatitis e virus]. | early studies reported propagation of hepatitis e virus (hev) in primary hepatocytes or several established cell lines, but replication was inefficient. recently, using inocula comprised of fecal suspensions with high loads of hev, originally obtained from japanese patients who contracted domestic infection of genotype 3 hev (the je03-1760f strain, 2.0 x 10(7) copies/ml) or genotype 4 hev (the he-jf5/15f strain, 1.3 x 10(7) copies/ml), we developed an efficient cell culture system for hev in plc ... | 2010 | 20848869 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) in sewage from treatment plants of messina university hospital and of messina city council. | samples of sewage from treatment plants at the "g. martino" university hospital of messina (aou) and that of messina city council were analysed to detect the hepatits e virus. samples were taken on sewage entering and exiting the treatment plants on a monthly basis over a one-year period from both the hospital plant (24 samples) and the municipal plant (22 samples). all sewage samples were pretreated by ultrafiltraton and concentration and finally processed by the pcr method to amplify gene mate ... | 2010 | 20853673 |
| the incidence of hepatitis e virus infection in the general population of the usa. | summaryhepatitis e virus (hev) infection is as an emerging disease of global importance because it is one of the major causes of acute hepatitis worldwide. there are few reports on the incidence of hev in the usa. for better assessing the burden of primary hev infection as well as understanding the epidemiology of hev in the us population this analysis was conducted to estimate the force of infection of hev in the usa. hev force of infection in the general us population was calculated using cata ... | 2010 | 20854712 |
| hepatitis e virus infections among us military personnel deployed to afghanistan. | | 2010 | 20863229 |
| hepatitis e seroprevalence and seroconversion among us military service members deployed to afghanistan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been recognized as a threat to military forces since its discovery. although hev seroprevalence in afghanistan is not known, hev infection is thought to be highly endemic in that country. this study determined the incidence of hev seroconversion among united states (us) service members who were deployed to afghanistan, as well as the prevalence of antibodies to hev prior to the deployment. | 2010 | 20863230 |
| longitudinal study of hepatitis e virus infection in spanish farrow-to-finish swine herds. | hepatitis e is a zoonotic disease and is highly prevalent in european swine livestock. there is a need to compare the infection dynamics of hepatitis e virus (hev) between herds with the same production system and determine the percentage of animals that could arrive infected at slaughter age. therefore, a longitudinal study was performed in six spanish farrow-to-finish affected farms. twenty piglets per farm were monitored from nursery to slaughter. rt-pcr and serology techniques were applied t ... | 2010 | 20863630 |
| inferring nonneutral evolution from contrasting patterns of polymorphisms and divergences in different protein coding regions of enterovirus 71 circulating in taiwan during 1998-2003. | enterovirus (ev) 71 is one of the common causative agents for hand, foot, and, mouth disease (hfmd). in recent years, the virus caused several outbreaks with high numbers of deaths and severe neurological complications. despite the importance of these epidemics, several aspects of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics, including viral nucleotide variations within and between different outbreaks, rates of change in immune-related structural regions vs. non-structural regions, and forces d ... | 2010 | 20868512 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in two large communities in havana, cuba. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in tropical and sub-tropical regions that occurs both as epidemic episodes and sporadic cases. the aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of total immunoglobulin (ig) anti-hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) and the risk factors associated to two communities in havana city. serum samples (n=469) obtained from healthy individuals with no history of viral hepatitis were screened for total anti-hev by enzyme ... | 2010 | 20870260 |
| clinical characteristics of hepatitis e in a "non-endemic" population. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a ribonucleic acid (rna) virus with predominant fecal oral spread. traditionally in western europe it is associated with travel to endemic countries, but an increasing number of locally acquired cases have been reported throughout england. patients presenting with acute non-travel associated hev infection in south wales over a 25-month period were monitored, in an attempt to understand the clinical picture and epidemiology in our patient population. twenty-four patient ... | 2010 | 20872716 |
| cellular tropism of human enterovirus d species serotypes ev-94, ev-70, and ev-68 in vitro: implications for pathogenesis. | enterovirus 94 (ev-94) is an enterovirus serotype described recently which, together with ev-68 and ev-70, forms human enterovirus d species. this study investigates the seroprevalences of these three serotypes and their abilities to infect, replicate, and damage cell types considered to be essential for enterovirus-induced diseases. the cell types studied included human leukocyte cell lines, primary endothelial cells, and pancreatic islets. high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against ev- ... | 2010 | 20872722 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype diversity in eastern china. | we studied 47 hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates from hospitalized patients in nanjing and taizhou, eastern china. genotypes 1, 3, and 4 were prevalent; genotype 3 and subgenotype 4b showed a close relationship with the swine strains in eastern china, thus indicating that hev genotype 3 had infected humans in china. | 2010 | 20875298 |
| trial watch: hepatitis e vaccine confers complete protection in phase iii trial. | | 2010 | 20885397 |
| hepatitis e in italy: a long-term prospective study. | in developed countries, hepatitis e is usually associated with travelling to endemic areas, but a growing number of sporadic cases are also seen in patients with no travel history. the aim of this study was to assess the impact and the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis e in italy. | 2010 | 20888660 |
| epidemic investigation of the jaundice outbreak in girdharnagar, ahmedabad, gujarat, india, 2008. | since 1976, seven outbreaks of hepatitis e occurred in ahmedabad. clusters of jaundice cases were reported on june 19, 2008, by a civic center, girdharnagar ward, ahmedabad. | 2010 | 20922110 |
| the emergence of genotypes 3 and 4 hepatitis e virus in swine and humans: a phylogenetic perspective. | to investigate whether there is any phylogenetic evidence to support the hypothesis that swine is the natural host of hev genotypes 3 and 4, bayesian analysis of 80 full-length genomic sequences of hev was performed. the results showed that the strains of genotypes 3 and 4 from swine are paraphyletic with regard to strains of human origin, which are thus phylogenetically nested among the swine strains. recognition of hev genotypes 3 and 4 as viruses from swine or swine hev can provide an evoluti ... | 2010 | 20927637 |
| role of cyp2e1 gene polymorphisms association with hepatitis risk in northeast india. | to investigate hepatitis virus, genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions in predisposing patients to liver diseases in northeast india. | 2010 | 20939108 |
| [hepatitis e viral markers]. | | 2010 | 20942103 |
| the nucleotides on the stem-loop rna structure in the junction region of the hepatitis e virus genome are critical for virus replication. | the roles of conserved nucleotides on the stem-loop (sl) structure in the intergenic region of the hepatitis e virus (hev) genome in virus replication were determined by using huh7 cells transfected with hev sl mutant replicons containing reporter genes. one or two nucleotide mutations of the aga motif on the loop significantly reduced hev replication, and three or more nucleotide mutations on the loop abolished hev replication. mutations on the stem and of the subgenome start sequence also sign ... | 2010 | 20943962 |