| gut-enriched krüppel-like factor interaction with smad3 inhibits myofibroblast differentiation. | gut-enriched krüppel-like factor (gklf) has been reported to partially inhibit alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) gene transcription by competing for binding to the tgf-beta control element (tce) with known activators such as sp1 and other krüppel-like factors. this incomplete inhibition via the tce suggests an additional mechanism, which was evaluated in this study. the results showed that an alpha-sma promoter mutated in the tce remained susceptible to inhibition by gklf in rat lung fibrobl ... | 2007 | 16858008 |
| fhl2/slim3 decreases cardiomyocyte survival by inhibitory interaction with sphingosine kinase-1. | sphingosine kinase-1 (sk1) is a key enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p). recent studies suggest that sk1, and its product s1p, regulate diverse biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. s1p may also play an important role in cardiac development and ischemic preconditioning, but the mechanism underlying these effects is not known. using a yeast 2-hybrid screen with sk1 as bait and a cardiac cdna li ... | 2006 | 16888242 |
| [sct-ogp fusion protein expression and its potential role as osteoporosis therapy]. | osteoporosis is a disease of bone metabolic disorder, the incidence of which increases sharply in old people. calcitonin (ct) is a peptide hormone containing 32 amino acid that can inhibit osteoclasts activity. osteogenic growth peptide (ogp) is a peptide hormone with 14 amino acid. it is an autocrine mitogen for osteoblastic and firbroblastic cells which has anabolic activiy. six sct and ogp dna segments were chemically synthesized and ligated into a yeast expression vector ppic9. the recombina ... | 2006 | 16894884 |
| molecular dissection of the munc18c/syntaxin4 interaction: implications for regulation of membrane trafficking. | sec1p/munc18 (sm) proteins are believed to play an integral role in vesicle transport through their interaction with snares. different sm proteins have been shown to interact with snares via different mechanisms, leading to the conclusion that their function has diverged. to further explore this notion, in this study, we have examined the molecular interactions between munc18c and its cognate snares as these molecules are ubiquitously expressed in mammals and likely regulate a universal plasma m ... | 2006 | 16899085 |
| a novel krüppel related factor consisting of only a krab domain is expressed in the murine trigeminal ganglion. | the largest family of zinc-finger (znf) transcription factors is that containing the krüppel-associated box, or krab domain. the amino-terminal krab domain of these proteins functions as a transcriptional repressor with the downstream znf motifs providing dna-binding specificity. here we report the identification and characterization of a novel murine krüppel-related factor (klf), mif1, which contains a krab domain but lacks a znf motif. western blot analysis identified mif1-like proteins in the ... | 2006 | 16904636 |
| tetrameric hub structure of postsynaptic scaffolding protein homer. | homer is a crucial postsynaptic scaffolding protein involved in both maintenance and activity-induced plasticity of the synapse. however, its quaternary structure has yet to be determined. we conducted a series of biophysical experiments that provide the first evidence that homer forms a tetramer via its coiled-coil domain, in which all subunits are aligned in parallel orientation. to test the importance of the tetrameric structure for functionality, we engineered dimeric and tetrameric homer by ... | 2006 | 16914674 |
| insights on augmenter of liver regeneration cloning and function. | hepatic stimulator substance (hss) has been referred to as a liver-specific but species non-specific growth factor. gradient purification and sequence analysis of hss protein indicated that it contained the augmenter of liver regeneration (alr), also known as hepatopoietin (hpo). alr, acting as a hepatotrophic growth factor, specifically stimulated proliferation of cultured hepatocytes as well as hepatoma cells in vitro, promoted liver regeneration and recovery of damaged hepatocytes and rescued ... | 2006 | 16937489 |
| interaction of neurochondrin with the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 interferes with g protein-coupled signal transduction but not agonist-mediated internalization. | screening of a human brain cdna library using the c-terminal tail of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (mchr1) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid assay resulted in the identification of the neurite-outgrowth related factor, neurochondrin. this interaction was verified in overlay, pulldown, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. deletion mapping confined the binding to the c terminus of neurochondrin and to the proximal c terminus of mchr1, a region known to be involved in g protein binding and ... | 2006 | 16945926 |
| in vitro antifungal-drug susceptibilities of mycelial and yeast forms of penicillium marneffei isolates in cambodia. | penicillium marneffei infection is an important disease among human immunodeficiency virus patients in southeast asia. the in vitro antifungal-drug susceptibilities of 29 clinical isolates and 5 isolates from bamboo rats collected from 2002 to 2004 were determined. the p. marneffei yeast form is more susceptible than the mycelial form to amphotericin b and ketoconazole, while the mycelial and yeast forms displayed similar susceptibilities to flucytosine and itraconazole. the mics of fluconazole ... | 2006 | 16971649 |
| orally administered marine (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan phycarine stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity. | (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans represent highly conserved structural components of cell walls in yeast, fungi, or seaweed. however, it is still unknown how they mediate their effects. the aim of this study was to evaluate both intraperitoneal and oral application of seaweed-derived (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan phycarine. phycarine showed significant stimulation of phagocytosis by peripheral blood cells. in addition, the efficiency of chemotherapy of lewis lung carcinoma with cyclophosphamide was potentiated by ... | 2007 | 16978690 |
| identification of a cell polarity-related protein, lin-7b, as a binding partner for a rho effector, rhotekin, and their possible interaction in neurons. | rhotekin, an effector of rho, is highly expressed in the brain but its function(s) in neurons is almost unknown. in an attempt to define the properties of rhotekin in neuronal cells, we focused on its interaction with polarity-related molecules. in the present study, we identified a pdz protein, lin-7b, as a binding partner for rhotekin by yeast two-hybrid screening of human brain cdna library. we then found that rhotekin interacts with lin-7b in in vitro pull-down assays, and forms an immunocom ... | 2006 | 16979770 |
| macmarcks interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 and modulates g protein-mediated constitutive inhibition of calcium channels. | we have previously shown that the interaction of ca2+/calmodulin with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7 (mglur7) promotes the g-protein-mediated inhibition of voltage-sensitive ca2+ channels (vsccs) seen upon agonist activation. here, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a new-born rat brain cdna library using the cytoplasmic c-terminal tail of mglur7 as bait and identified macrophage myristoylated alanine-rich c-kinase substrate (macmarcks) as a binding protein. the interaction wa ... | 2006 | 16987251 |
| amp-activated protein kinase and the regulation of autophagic proteolysis. | interruption of mtor-dependent signaling by rapamycin is known to stimulate autophagy, both in mammalian cells and in yeast. because activation of ampk also inhibits mtor-dependent signaling one would expect stimulation of autophagy by ampk activation. according to the literature, this is true for yeast but, unexpectedly, not for mammalian cells on the basis of the use of aicar, a pharmacological activator of ampk. in the present study, carried out with hepatocytes, ht-29 cells, and hela cells, ... | 2006 | 16990266 |
| heterotypic complex formation between subunits of microtubule-associated proteins 1a and 1b is due to interaction of conserved domains. | the microtubule-associated proteins map1a and map1b are related but distinct multi-subunit protein complexes that consist of heavy and light chains. the predominant forms of these complexes are homotypic, i.e. they consist of a map1a heavy chain associated with map1a light chains or a map1b heavy chain associated with map1b light chains, respectively. in addition, map1a and map1b can exchange subunits and form heterotypic complexes consisting of a map1a heavy chain associated with map1b light ch ... | 2006 | 16996626 |
| interaction of spin90 with syndapin is implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway in fibroblasts. | spin90, a 90-kda nck-interacting protein with a sh3 domain, plays a role in sarcomere formation and myofibril assembly, and its phosphorylation is modulated by cell adhesion and erk activation. here we demonstrate that spin90 participates in receptor-mediated endocytic pathway in fibroblasts. we identified syndapin (synaptic dynamin-binding protein) as a spin90 interacting protein using yeast two-hybrid screening. spin90 directly binds the sh3 domain of syndapin via its proline rich domain in vi ... | 2006 | 16999739 |
| clearance mechanism of a mannosylated antibody-enzyme fusion protein used in experimental cancer therapy. | mfecp1 is a mannosylated antibody-enzyme fusion protein used in antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (adept). the antibody selectively targets tumor cells and the targeted enzyme converts a prodrug into a toxic drug. mfecp1 is obtained from expression in the yeast pichia pastoris and produced to clinical grade. the p. pastoris-derived mannosylation of the fusion protein aids rapid normal tissue clearance required for successful adept. the work presented provides evidence that mfecp1 is clear ... | 2007 | 17000699 |
| the single subunit nadh dehydrogenase reduces generation of reactive oxygen species from complex i. | using rat dopaminergic and human neuroblastoma cell lines transduced with the ndi1 gene encoding the internal nadh dehydrogenase (ndi1) from saccharomyces cerevisiae, we investigated reactive oxygen species (ros) generation caused by complex i inhibition. incubation of non-transduced cells with rotenone elicited oxidative damage to mitochondrial dna as well as lipid peroxidation. in contrast, oxidative stress was significantly decreased when the cells were transduced with ndi1. furthermore, mito ... | 2006 | 17055488 |
| impact of transcriptional properties on essentiality and evolutionary rate. | we characterized general transcriptional activity and variability of eukaryotic genes from global expression profiles of human, mouse, rat, fly, plants, and yeast. the variability shows a higher degree of divergence between distant species, implying that it is more closely related to phenotypic evolution, than the activity. more specifically, we show that transcriptional variability should be a true indicator of evolutionary rate. if we rule out the effect of translational selection, which seems ... | 2007 | 17057246 |
| grif1 binds hrs and is a new regulator of endosomal trafficking. | endosomal sorting of internalized cell surface receptors to the lysosomal pathway plays a crucial role in the control of cell signaling and function. here we report the identification of gaba(a) receptor interacting factor-1 (grif1), a recently discovered protein of unknown function, as a new regulator of endosome-to-lysosome trafficking. yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation analysis reveal that grif1 interacts with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (hrs) ... | 2006 | 17062640 |
| kidins220/arms is transported by a kinesin-1-based mechanism likely to be involved in neuronal differentiation. | kinase d-interacting substrate of 220 kda/ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (kidins220/arms) is a conserved membrane protein mainly expressed in brain and neuroendocrine cells, which is a downstream target of the signaling cascades initiated by neurotrophins and ephrins. we identified kinesin light chain 1 (klc1) as a binding partner for kidins220/arms by a yeast two-hybrid screen. the interaction between kidins220/arms and the kinesin-1 motor complex was confirmed by glutathione s-transfera ... | 2007 | 17079733 |
| diversity of trna genes in eukaryotes. | we compare the diversity of chromosomal-encoded transfer rna (trna) genes from 11 eukaryotes as identified by trnascan-se of their respective genomes. they include the budding and fission yeast, worm, fruit fly, fugu, chicken, dog, rat, mouse, chimp and human. the number of trna genes are between 170 and 570 and the number of trna isoacceptors range from 41 to 55. unexpectedly, the number of trna genes having the same anticodon but different sequences elsewhere in the trna body (defined here as ... | 2006 | 17088292 |
| identification of a novel protein that regulates mitochondrial fusion by modulating mitofusin (mfn) protein function. | mitofusin proteins 1 and 2 (mfn1 and mfn2, respectively) of the mammalian mitochondrial outer membrane are homologues of drosophila fzo and yeast fzo1, and both are essential for gtp-dependent mitochondrial fusion. we identified a 55-kda mfn-binding protein named mib. it is a member of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase protein superfamily, and has a conserved coenzyme-binding domain (cbd). the majority of mib is localized in the cytoplasm but a small amount is associated with mitochondria ... | 2006 | 17105775 |
| conditional stimulation of type v and vi adenylyl cyclases by g protein betagamma subunits. | in a yeast two-hybrid screen of mouse brain cdna library, using the n-terminal region of human type v adenylyl cyclase (hacv) as bait, we identified g protein beta2 subunit as an interacting partner. additional yeast two-hybrid assays showed that the gbeta(1) subunit also interacts with the n-terminal segments of hacv and human type vi adenylyl cyclase (hacvi). in vitro adenylyl cyclase (ac) activity assays using membranes of sf9 cells expressing hacv or hacvi showed that gbetagamma subunits enh ... | 2007 | 17110384 |
| the rat apg3p/aut1p homolog is upregulated by ischemic preconditioning in the retina. | retinas can be protected from subsequent severe ischemic injury by ischemic preconditioning. ischemic preconditioning is dependent on gene expression and protein synthesis; however, it is not clear which genes are important in this process. in this study, we have identified and characterized the rat homolog of yeast apg3p/aut1p, an important autophagy protein encoded by the autophagy 3-like (apg3l) gene. we have also further characterized the homologous human apg3l gene. | 2006 | 17110912 |
| interaction of the ca2+-sensing receptor with the inwardly rectifying potassium channels kir4.1 and kir4.2 results in inhibition of channel function. | the ca(2+)-sensing receptor (car), a g protein-coupled receptor, is expressed in many epithelial tissues including the parathyroid glands, kidney, and gi tract. although its role in regulating pth levels and ca(2+) metabolism are best characterized, it may also regulate salt and water transport in the kidney as demonstrated by recent reports showing association of potent gain-of-function mutations in the car with a bartter-like, salt-wasting phenotype. to determine whether this receptor interact ... | 2007 | 17122384 |
| unliganded and hormone-bound glucocorticoid receptors interact with distinct hydrophobic sites in the hsp90 c-terminal domain. | unlike most chaperones, heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90) interacts with a select group of "client proteins" that regulate essential biological processes. little is known about how hsp90 recognizes and binds these proteins. the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) is a well characterized hsp90 client protein, whose hormone binding, nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking, and transcriptional activity are regulated by hsp90. here, we provide evidence that unliganded and hormone-bound gr interact with two distinct, s ... | 2006 | 17130446 |
| acute and subchronic toxicity studies on sel-plex, a standardized, registered high-selenium yeast. | selenium has been recognized as an essential nutrient for human health; however, its bioavailability is primarily dependent upon the type of selenium, elemental versus organic. in geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selen ... | 2006 | 17132605 |
| alpha-synuclein, oxidative stress and apoptosis from the perspective of a yeast model of parkinson's disease. | the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) has been suggested to be one of the factors linked to parkinson's disease (pd). several organisms, including the rat, mouse, worm, and fruit fly, are being used to study alpha-syn pathobiology. a new model organism was recently added to this armamentarium: the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the yeast system recapitulates many of the findings made with higher eukaryotes. for example, yeast cells expressing alpha-syn accumulate lipid drople ... | 2006 | 17156009 |
| rack1 is a bkca channel binding protein. | the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, or bk(ca) channel, plays an important feedback role in a variety of physiological processes, including neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle contraction. some reports have suggested that this channel forms a stable complex with regulators of its function, including several kinases and phosphatases. to further define such signaling complexes, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to screen a human aorta cdna library for proteins that b ... | 2007 | 17166942 |
| proteasome substrate degradation requires association plus extended peptide. | to determine the minimum requirements for substrate recognition and processing by proteasomes, the functional elements of a ubiquitin-independent degradation tag were dissected. the 37-residue c-terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (codc) is a native degron, which also functions when appended to diverse proteins. mutating the cysteine 441 residue within codc impaired its proteasome association in the context of ornithine decarboxylase and prevented the turnover of gfp-codc in yeast cells. degrada ... | 2007 | 17170706 |
| the novel cellular mechanism of human 5-ht6 receptor through an interaction with fyn. | the human 5-ht(6) receptor (5-ht(6)r) is one of the latest cloned receptors among the known 5-ht receptors. its abundant distribution in the limbic region, which participates in the control of mood and emotion and is involved in nervous system diseases such as depression and alzheimer disease, has caused it to generate much interest. however, the cellular mechanisms of 5-ht(6)r are poorly understood. in the present study we found, using a yeast two-hybrid assay, that the carboxyl-terminal region ... | 2007 | 17189269 |
| [regulation of g protein-coupled receptor function by its binding proteins]. | g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are seven transmembrane receptors with an n-terminus in the extracellular region and c-terminus in the intracellular region. when an agonist binds to a gpcr, a signal is transduced into a cell through the activation of trimeric g proteins. recently, it has been shown that the activities of gpcrs are regulated by multiple mechanisms. one of the mechanisms is regulation through the binding proteins to the carboxy (c)-terminus of gpcrs. in the present study, the ... | 2007 | 17202780 |
| mining a yeast library for brain endothelial cell-binding antibodies. | we describe the use of yeast surface display for the identification of antibodies that bind the plasma membranes of living cells. yeast panning with a nonimmune human single-chain antibody library identified 34 unique lead antibodies that bind (k(d) = 82 +/- 15 nm) and in some cases internalize into rat brain endothelial cells. in addition, we used a new yeast display immunoprecipitation procedure for initial characterization of the cognate antigens. | 2007 | 17206151 |
| factors involved in binding of lactobacillus plantarum lp6 to rat small intestinal mucus. | to investigate the adhesion determinants of lactobacillus plantarum lp6, a dairy isolate. | 2007 | 17209819 |
| application of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for determination of dietary folates: effects of buffer nature and mobile phase composition on sensitivity and selectivity. | a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) method to determine dietary folates was developed and validated. folates were detected and quantified using positive electrospray ionisation (esi) with selective ion monitoring of protonated ions [m+h]+. the effects of buffer nature and mobile phase composition on separation, peak shape and intensity of ms signal were investigated. the acidic-basic properties of folates were successfully used to predict possible ionisation ... | 2007 | 17210159 |
| identification and characterization of putative tumor suppressor ngb, a gtp-binding protein that interacts with the neurofibromatosis 2 protein. | mutations of the neurofibromatosis 2 (nf2) tumor suppressor gene have frequently been detected not only in schwannomas and other central nervous system tumors of nf2 patients but also in their sporadic counterparts and malignant tumors unrelated to the nf2 syndrome such as malignant mesothelioma, indicating a broader role for the nf2 gene in human tumorigenesis. however, the mechanisms by which the nf2 product, merlin or schwannomin, is regulated and controls cell proliferation remain elusive. h ... | 2007 | 17210637 |
| a general amphipathic alpha-helical motif for sensing membrane curvature. | the golgi-associated protein arfgap1 has an unusual membrane-adsorbing amphipathic alpha-helix: its polar face is weakly charged, containing mainly serine and threonine residues. we show that this feature explains the specificity of arfgap1 for curved versus flat lipid membranes. we built an algorithm to identify other potential amphipathic alpha-helices rich in serine and threonine residues in protein databases. among the identified sequences, we show that three act as membrane curvature sensor ... | 2007 | 17220896 |
| breast cancer-associated gene 3 (bca3) is a novel rac1-interacting protein. | bca3 was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen as a novel rac1-interacting partner in osteoclasts. bca3 binds directly to rac and, in vivo, binds gtp-rac but not gdp-rac. perinuclear co-localization of bca3 and rac1 is observed in csf-1-treated osteoclasts. overexpression of bca3 attenuates csf-1-induced cell spreading. we conclude that bca3 regulates csf-1-dependent rac activation. | 2007 | 17227220 |
| mechanism of toxicity of pesticides acting at complex i: relevance to environmental etiologies of parkinson's disease. | parkinson's disease (pd) has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and pesticide exposure. the pesticide rotenone (rot) inhibits complex i and reproduces features of pd in animal models, suggesting that environmental agents that inhibit complex i may contribute to pd. we have previously demonstrated that rot toxicity is dependent upon complex i inhibition and that oxidative stress is the primary mechanism of toxicity. in this study, we examined the in vitro toxicity and mechanism of action of ... | 2007 | 17241123 |
| characterisation of the pharmacological profile of desoxymethyltestosterone (madol), a steroid misused for doping. | desoxymethyltestosterone (dmt), also known as madol, is a steroid recently identified to be misused as a doping agent. since, the knowledge of functions of this substance is rather limited, it was our aim to characterise the pharmacological profile of dmt and to identify potential adverse side effects. dmt was synthesised, its purity was confirmed and its biological activity was tested. the potency of madol (dmt) to transactivate androgen receptor (ar) dependent reporter gene expression was two ... | 2007 | 17254722 |
| the cdk5 activator, p39, binds specifically to myosin essential light chain. | cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) has been shown to regulate adhesion and migration of lens and corneal epithelial cells. to explore protein-protein interactions that may mediate these functions, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening on an embryonic rat lens library using cdk5 and its regulators, p35 and p39 as baits. this screen identified an interaction between p39 and non-muscle myosin essential light chain (mlc(17)). gst pull-down experiments demonstrated that p39 binds directly to mlc(17) ... | 2007 | 17276406 |
| molecular cloning and responsive expression to injury stimulus of a defender against cell death 1 (dad1) gene from bay scallops argopecten irradians. | apoptosis is an active process of cell death, which is an integral part of growth and development in multicellular organisms. the defender against cell death 1 (dad1), the regulatory protein to inhibit the apoptosis process, was first cloned from the bay scallop argopecten irradians by randomly sequencing a whole tissue cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna end (race). the full-length cdna of the a. irradians dad1 was 607 bp, consist of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 63 bp, a ... | 2008 | 17294251 |
| lot6p from saccharomyces cerevisiae is a fmn-dependent reductase with a potential role in quinone detoxification. | nad(p)h:quinone acceptor oxidoreductases are flavoenzymes expressed in the cytoplasm of many tissues and afford protection against the cytotoxic effects of electrophilic quinones by catalyzing a strict two-electron reduction. such enzymes have been reported from several mammalian sources, e.g. human, mouse and rat, and from plant species. here, we report identification of lot6p (ylr011wp), the first soluble quinone reductase from the unicellular model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae. localizat ... | 2007 | 17298444 |
| evaluation of the protective effects of quercetin in the hepatopulmonary syndrome. | the hepatopulmonary syndrome (hps) occurs when intrapulmonary dilatation causes hypoxemia in cirrhosis. the free radicals may play a significant contributory role in the progression of hps, and flavonoid agents could protect against deleterious effects of free radicals. the flavonoid quercetin was evaluated in an experimental model of biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation (bdl) in rats. quercetin was administered at 50mg/kg for 14 days to cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic rats. bone marrow w ... | 2007 | 17306429 |
| intracellular catalysis of disulfide bond formation by the human sulfhydryl oxidase, qsox1. | the discovery that the flavoprotein oxidase, erv2p, provides oxidizing potential for disulfide bond formation in yeast, has led to investigations into the roles of the mammalian homologues of this protein. mammalian homologues of erv2p include qsox (sulfhydryl oxidases) from human lung fibroblasts, guinea-pig endometrial cells and rat seminal vesicles. in the present study we show that, when expressed in mammalian cells, the longer version of human qsox1 protein (hqsox1a) is a transmembrane prot ... | 2007 | 17331072 |
| mammalian model hosts of cryptococcal infection. | the rising incidence of serious fungal diseases represents a growing threat to human health. cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast saprophyte with global distribution, has been recognized as an important emerging pathogen. humans frequently develop asymptomatic or mild infection with c. neoformans, but individuals with impaired host defense systems may develop severe pneumonia and potentially fatal meningoencephalitis. insight into the biology and virulence of c. neoformans is advancing ... | 2007 | 17348287 |
| oral and systemic administration of beta-glucan protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and organ injury in rats. | beta-glucans are glucose polymers with a variety of stimulatory effects on the immune system. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of prophylactic oral administration of soluble saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived beta-1,3/1,6-glucan (sbg) on the outcome of experimental endotoxaemia and shock-associated organ injury. male wistar rats were pretreated with sbg orally (sbgpo, 20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, subcutaneously (sbgsc, 2 mg/kg/day) for 3 days, or vehicle (placebo). rats were a ... | 2007 | 17349015 |
| a novel variant of the putative demethylase gene, s-jmjd1c, is a coactivator of the ar. | evidence is accumulating in support of the view that tissue-specific effects of steroid hormones depend on the recruitment of nuclear receptor comodulator proteins. the latter interact directly with the hormone receptors and modify their transcriptional effects on specific target genes. the mechanisms of comodulator influence on nuclear receptor-controlled gene transcription is only partially understood. here, we describe the discovery of a new ar coactivator which belongs to the jmjc containing ... | 2007 | 17353003 |
| ubiquitous expression of acetylcholine and its biological functions in life forms without nervous systems. | using a radioimmunoassay (ria) with high specificity and sensitivity (1 pg/tube) for acetylcholine (ach), we have been able to measure the ach content in samples from the bacteria, archaea and eucarya domains of the universal phylogenetic tree. we found detectable levels of ach to be ubiquitous in bacteria (e.g., bacillus subtilis), archaea (e.g., thermococcus kodakaraensis kod1), fungi (e.g., shiitake mushroom and yeast), plants (e.g., bamboo shoot and fern) and animals (e.g., bloodworm and lug ... | 2007 | 17363003 |
| 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-d-glucose as a tracer of glucose transport. | glucose transport rates are estimated noninvasively in physiological and pathological states by kinetic imaging using pet. the glucose analog most often used is (18)f-labeled 2fdg. compared with glucose, 2fdg is poorly transported by intestine and kidney. we examined the possible use of 6fdg as a tracer of glucose transport. lacking a hydroxyl at its 6th position, 6fdg cannot be phosphorylated as 2fdg is. prior studies have shown that 6fdg competes with glucose for transport in yeast and is acti ... | 2007 | 17405828 |
| catalytic characterization and cytokine mediated regulation of cytochrome p450 4fs in rat hepatocytes. | cytochrome p450 (cyp) 4f mediated leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)) metabolism modulates inflammation during injury and infection. here we show that in addition to ltb(4), the recombinant rat cyp4fs catalyze omega-hydroxylations of lipoxin a(4), and hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acids. cyp4f gene regulation studies in primary hepatocytes reveal that pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (il) -1beta, il-6 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) -alpha produce a general inductive response whereas il-10, an anti-inflam ... | 2007 | 17418803 |
| metabolic activity of cells in brain cortex after alcohol intoxication and correction of changes with dolivin. | metabolic processes in the brain cortex of albino rats with prenatal and postnatal alcohol intoxication were studied by the method of electron paramagnetic resonance. accumulation of superoxide radical-generating agents, inactivation of superoxide dismutase, and increase in nitric oxide concentration were detected. activation of free radical processes was associated with accumulation of mn(2+)and fe(2+). the parameters of electron paramagnetic resonance returned to normal after dolivin treatment ... | 2006 | 17426830 |
| a cytosolic splice variant of cab45 interacts with munc18b and impacts on amylase secretion by pancreatic acini. | we identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen the ef-hand ca(2+)-binding protein cab45 as an interaction partner of munc18b. although the full-length cab45 resides in golgi lumen, we characterize a cytosolic splice variant, cab45b, expressed in pancreatic acini. cab45b is shown to bind (45)ca(2+), and, of its three ef-hand motifs, ef-hand 2 is demonstrated to be crucial for the ion binding. cab45b is shown to interact with munc18b in an in vitro assay, and this interaction is enhanced in the presen ... | 2007 | 17442889 |
| pick1 interacts with alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and controls their clustering. | central to synaptic function are protein scaffolds associated with neurotransmitter receptors. alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) modulate network activity, neuronal survival and cognitive processes in the cns, but protein scaffolds that interact with these receptors are unknown. here we show that the pdz-domain containing protein pick1 binds to alpha7 nachrs and plays a role in their clustering. pick1 interacted with the alpha7 cytoplasmic loop in yeast in a pdz-dependen ... | 2007 | 17467288 |
| gazer: gene set analyzer. | gene set analyzer (gazer) is a web-based integrated gene set analysis tool covering previously reported parametric and non-parametric models. based on a simulation test for the reported algorithms, we classified and implemented three main statistical methods consisting of the z-statistic, gene permutation and sample permutation for ten gene set categories including gene ontology (go) for human, mouse, rat and yeast. this tool identifies significantly altered gene sets scored by z-statistics and ... | 2007 | 17468122 |
| foxg1, a member of the forkhead family, is a corepressor of the androgen receptor. | the androgen receptor (ar) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional regulator which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. the basal transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor is regulated by interaction with coactivator or corepressor proteins. the exact mechanism whereby comodulators influence target gene transcription is only partially understood, especially for corepressors. whereas several coactivators are described for the ar, only a few corepressors are known. here, we describe ... | 2007 | 17482455 |
| chemical sensing of dnt by engineered olfactory yeast strain. | with the increasing threat of environmental toxicants including biological and chemical warfare agents, fabricating innovative biomimetic systems to detect these harmful agents is critically important. with the broad objective of developing such a biosensor, here we report the construction of a saccharomyces cerevisiae strain containing the primary components of the mammalian olfactory signaling pathway. in this engineered yeast strain, wif-1alpha, olfactory receptor signaling is coupled to gree ... | 2007 | 17486045 |
| yeast apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease apn1 protects mammalian neuronal cell line from oxidative stress. | reactive oxygen species (ros) have been implicated as one of the agents responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases. a critical target for ros is dna. most oxidative stress-induced dna damage in the nucleus and mitochondria is removed by the base excision repair pathway. apn1 is a yeast enzyme in this pathway which possesses a wider substrate specificity and greater enzyme activity than its mammalian counterpart for removing dna damage, making it a good therapeutic candidate. for this study ... | 2007 | 17506861 |
| smells like bread. | | 2007 | 17510645 |
| indelscan: a web server for comparative identification of species-specific and non-species-specific insertion/deletion events. | insertion and deletion (indel) events usually have dramatic effects on genome structure and gene function. species-specific indels have been demonstrated to be associated with species-unique traits. currently, indel identifications mainly rely on pair-wise sequence alignments (the 'pair-wise indels'), which suffer lack of discrimination of species specificity and insertion versus deletion. also, there is no freely accessible web server for genome-wide identification of indels. therefore, we deve ... | 2007 | 17517762 |
| a unique and specific interaction between alphat-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs. | alpha-catenins play key functional roles in cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesion complexes. we previously reported on alphat-catenin, a novel member of the alpha-catenin protein family. alphat-catenin is expressed predominantly in cardiomyocytes, where it colocalizes with alphae-catenin at the intercalated discs. whether alphat- and alphae-catenin have specific or synergistic functions remains unknown. in this study we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to identify specific functions of alphat-ca ... | 2007 | 17535849 |
| ferroxidase activity is required for the stability of cell surface ferroportin in cells expressing gpi-ceruloplasmin. | ferroportin (fpn), a ferrous iron fe(ii) transporter responsible for the entry of iron into plasma, is regulated post-translationally through internalization and degradation following binding of the hormone hepcidin. cellular iron export is impaired in mice and humans with aceruloplasminemia, an iron overload disease due to mutations in the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (cp). in the absence of cp fpn is rapidly internalized and degraded. depletion of extracellular fe(ii) by the yeast ferroxidase fet ... | 2007 | 17541408 |
| resveratrol is a class ia phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. | resveratrol, a polyphenol found in fruits, possesses chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties and has been shown to increase lifespan in yeast and metazoans, including mice. genetic evidence and in vitro enzymatic measurements indicate that the deacetylase sir2/sirt1, an enzyme promoting stress resistance and aging, is the target of resveratrol. similarly, down-regulation of insulin-like pathways, of which pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key mediator, promotes longevity and is an at ... | 2007 | 17550345 |
| characterization of rat blos2/ceap, a putative yeast she3 homolog, as interaction partner of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor/che-1. | aatf/che-1 is a coactivator of several transcription factors, including steroid hormone receptors. in search of novel interaction partners of aatf, we identified blos2 (bloc1s2, also termed ceap) from a rat cdna library. blos2 is extremely conserved with a high degree of homology to yeast she3p. the clone isolated represents a splice variant encoding a polypeptide of 168 residues. rat blos2 mrna is highly expressed in brain and testis and at lower levels in other tissues, but not in skeletal or ... | 2007 | 17552904 |
| using indirect protein interactions for the prediction of gene ontology functions. | protein-protein interaction has been used to complement traditional sequence homology to elucidate protein function. most existing approaches only make use of direct interactions to infer function, and some have studied the application of indirect interactions for functional inference but are unable to improve prediction performance. we have previously proposed an approach, fs-weighted averaging, which uses topological weighting and level-2 indirect interactions (protein pairs connected via two ... | 2007 | 17570151 |
| peptide aptamers expressed in the secretory pathway interfere with cellular prpsc formation. | prion diseases are rare and obligatory fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of a misfolded isoform (prpsc) of the host-encoded prion protein (prpc). prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against prion diseases are very limited. to extend such strategies we selected peptide aptamers binding to prp from a combinatorial peptide library presented on the escherichia coli thioredoxin a (trxa) protein as a scaffold. in a yeast two-hybrid screen employing full-length murine prp ( ... | 2007 | 17574575 |
| high-level expression of fusion protein containing 10 tandem repeated glp-1 analogs in yeast pichia pastoris and its biological activity in a diabetic rat model. | glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1), an incretin secreted by intestinal l-cells, can effectively lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. a fusion gene, consisting of 10 tandem repeated glp-1 analog genes, was expressed at a high level in the yeast pichia pastoris. sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and western blotting results showed that fusion protein migrated as a single protein band with a molecular weight of 36 kda. a biological activity test showed that the glp-1 ... | 2007 | 17587676 |
| cgmp-dependent protein kinase i interacts with trim39r, a novel rpp21 domain-containing trim protein. | nitric oxide modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (smc) cytoskeletal kinetics and phenotype, in part, by stimulating cgmp-dependent protein kinase i (pkgi). to identify molecular targets of pkgi, an interaction trap screen in yeast was performed using a cdna encoding the catalytic region of pkgi and a human lung cdna library. we identified a cdna that encodes a putative pkgi-interactor that is a novel variant of trim39, a member of the really interesting new gene (ring) finger family of protein ... | 2007 | 17601797 |
| march-xi, a novel transmembrane ubiquitin ligase implicated in ubiquitin-dependent protein sorting in developing spermatids. | a mechanism by which ubiquitinated cargo proteins are sorted into multivesicular bodies (mvbs) from plasma and trans-golgi network (tgn) membranes is well established in yeast and mammalian somatic cells. however, the ubiquitin-dependent sorting pathway has not been clearly defined in germ cells. in this study we identified a novel member of the transmembrane ring-finger family of proteins, termed membrane-associated ring-ch (march)-xi, that is expressed predominantly in developing spermatids an ... | 2007 | 17604280 |
| cytosolic lc3 ratio as a sensitive index of macroautophagy in isolated rat hepatocytes and h4-ii-e cells. | macroautophagy, an intracellular bulk degradation process in eukaryotes, is sensitive to nutrient supply and deprivation. microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (lc3), a mammalian homologue of yeast atg8, plays an indispensable role in macroautophagy formation and is a suitable marker for this process. through analysis of the subcellular distribution of lc3, we determined that the cytosolic fraction contained not only a precursor form (lc3-i), but also an apparent active form (lc3-iis). ... | 2007 | 17617739 |
| identification of regions of the sigma-1 receptor ligand binding site using a novel photoprobe. | sigma receptors, once considered a class of opioid receptors, are now regarded as a unique class of receptors that contain binding sites for a wide range of ligands, including the drug 1-n(2',6'-dimethylmorpholino)3-(4-t-butylpropylamine) (fenpropimorph), a yeast sterol isomerase inhibitor. because fenpropimorph has high-binding affinity to the sigma-1 receptor, we have synthesized a series of fenpropimorph-like derivatives with varying phenyl ring substituents and have characterized their bindi ... | 2007 | 17622576 |
| annonacin, a natural mitochondrial complex i inhibitor, causes tau pathology in cultured neurons. | a neurodegenerative tauopathy endemic to the caribbean island of guadeloupe has been associated with the consumption of anonaceous plants that contain acetogenins, potent lipophilic inhibitors of complex i of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. to test the hypothesis that annonacin, a prototypical acetogenin, contributes to the etiology of the disease, we investigated whether annonacin affects the cellular distribution of the protein tau. in primary cultures of rat striatal neurons treated for ... | 2007 | 17634376 |
| clinical, structural and functional implications of mutations and polymorphisms in human nadph p450 oxidoreductase. | cytochrome p450 proteins are involved in metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. in the endoplasmic reticulum a single nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) p450 oxidoreductase (por) supplies electrons to all microsomal p450s for catalytic activity. por is a flavoprotein that contains both flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide as cofactors and uses nadph as the source of electrons. we have recently reported a number of por mutations in the patients with disordered ster ... | 2007 | 17635179 |
| uxt interacts with the transcriptional repressor protein evi1 and suppresses cell transformation. | the evi1 transcriptional repressor is critical to the normal development of a variety of tissues and participates in the progression of acute myeloid leukaemias. the repressor domain (rp) was used to screen an adult human kidney yeast two-hybrid library and a novel binding partner designated ubiquitously expressed transcript (uxt) was isolated. enforced expression of uxt in evi1-expressing rat1 fibroblasts suppresses cell transformation and uxt may therefore be a negative regulator of evi1 biolo ... | 2007 | 17635584 |
| heat shock protein 70 interacts with aquaporin-2 and regulates its trafficking. | the trafficking of aquaporin-2 (aqp2) involves multiple complex pathways, including regulated, camp-, and cgmp-mediated pathways, as well as a constitutive recycling pathway. although several accessory proteins have been indirectly implicated in aqp2 recycling, the direct protein-protein interactions that regulate this process remain largely unknown. using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human kidney cdna library, we have identified the 70-kda heat shock proteins as aqp2-interacting proteins. in ... | 2007 | 17636261 |
| suppression of gross chromosomal rearrangements by a new alternative replication factor c complex. | defects in dna replication fidelity lead to genomic instability. gross chromosomal rearrangement (gcr), a type of genomic instability, is highly enhanced by various initial mutations affecting dna replication. frequent observations of gcrs in many cancers strongly argue the importance of maintaining high fidelity of dna replication to suppress carcinogenesis. recent genome wide screens in saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a new gcr suppressor gene, elg1, enhanced level of genome instability ge ... | 2007 | 17689491 |
| estrogen-like effect of a cimicifuga racemosa extract sub-fraction as assessed by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assays. | black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) is used in the treatment of painful menstruation and menopausal symptoms. data about the nature of the active compounds and mechanism(s) of action are still controversial, chiefly with respect to its estrogenic activity. this work aimed to assess the possible estrogenic activity of a commercial dry hydro-alcoholic extract of c. racemosa and its hydrophilic and lipophilic sub-fractions on in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro assays. in a yeast estrogen screen, only th ... | 2007 | 17689956 |
| extensive parallelism in protein evolution. | independently evolving lineages mostly accumulate different changes, which leads to their gradual divergence. however, parallel accumulation of identical changes is also common, especially in traits with only a small number of possible states. | 2007 | 17705846 |
| effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight beta-1, 3-d-glucan (branch beta-1, 6) isolated from aureobasidium pullulans 1a1 strain black yeast on restraint stress in mice. | it is well known that different stress paradigms are able to rapidly induce corticosterone production and immune function through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. it has been reported that glucocorticoids suppress natural killer (nk) activity and interleukin (il)-1 production and, on the other hand, that il-1 and il-6 stimulate the release of corticotrophin-releasing-hormone from the rat hypothalamus. moreover, it has been reported that il-12 plays a central role in the ... | 2007 | 17725857 |
| the effect of antioxidant deficiency on tissue lipid composition in the rat. ii. liver. | the hepatic phospholipids of the antioxidant-deficient rat fed a source of both linoleate and linolenate showed a progressive net decrease in eicosapentaenoate, a progressive net increase in arachidonate, and there was a concomitant accumulation of fluorescent pigment of the lipofuscin or ceroid type in the tissue. an increased incorporation of isotopically labeled acetate into both the tetraenoic and pentaplus hexaenoic acid fractions was also noted, indicating that the disappearance of polyuns ... | 1967 | 17805733 |
| different responses of macrophages in retinal ganglion cell survival after acute ocular hypertension in rats with different autoimmune backgrounds. | recently macrophages were shown to play a protective role in retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) after optic nerve (on) injury. in the present study, we investigated how macrophages responded after acute intraocular pressure (iop) elevation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae)-resistant fischer 344 (f344) and sprague dawley (sd) rats and eae-vulnerable lewis rats. acute iop elevation was performed at 110mmhg for 2h to mimic acute glaucoma. phagocytic cells in the eye were removed by intr ... | 2007 | 17825287 |
| involvement of rela-associated inhibitor in regulation of trophoblast differentiation via interaction with transcriptional factor specificity protein-1. | glucose transporter-1 (glut1), one of the key functional indicators of placental differentiation, has an important role in placental glucose transport. we previously showed that the protein levels of glut1 and nuclear transcription factor specificity protein-1 (sp1) in rat choriocarcinoma cells (rcho-1 cells) decreased during the differentiation of these cells to giant cells. we also showed that sp1 was involved in the regulation of glut1 gene expression during this process. rela-associated inhi ... | 2007 | 17872376 |
| comparative bioavailability of mineral-enriched gluconates and yeast in rat liver after depletion-repletion feeding. | there are many forms of mineral supplements currently available. among these mineral-enriched gluconates and yeast are considered two of the more biologically available supplements. the purpose of this study was to use zinc (zn)- or copper (cu)-deficient rats to determine whether the organically bound mineral in yeast or the salt gluconate form was more bioavailable, i.e., is absorbed and found in a greater concentration in liver. it was demonstrated that zn-enriched yeast was 3.7 times more bio ... | 2007 | 17873352 |
| an analysis of results from 305 compounds tested with the yeast rad54-gfp genotoxicity assay (greenscreen gc)-including relative predictivity of regulatory tests and rodent carcinogenesis and performance with autofluorescent and coloured compounds. | data from 305 non-proprietary compounds tested using the yeast rad54-gfp (green fluorescent protein) assay, greenscreen gc, are presented, together with a detailed comparison with results from in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests and rodent carcinogenesis. in addition, observations on reproducibility and the performance of the test with autofluorescent and coloured compounds are described. like the ames test, the greenscreen assay is shown to exhibit high specificity (82%), meaning that compo ... | 2007 | 17906314 |
| a gain-of-function mutant of munc18-1 stimulates secretory granule recruitment and exocytosis and reveals a direct interaction of munc18-1 with rab3. | munc18-1 plays a crucial role in regulated exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells through modulation of vesicle docking and membrane fusion. the molecular basis for munc18 function is still unclear, as are the links with rabs and snare [snap (soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein) receptor] proteins that are also required. munc18-1 can bind to snares through at least three modes of interaction, including binding to the closed conformation of syntaxin 1. using a gai ... | 2008 | 17919117 |
| the gtp-binding protein septin 7 is critical for dendrite branching and dendritic-spine morphology. | septins, a highly conserved family of gtp-binding proteins, were originally identified in a genetic screen for s. cerevisiae mutants defective in cytokinesis [1, 2]. in yeast, septins maintain the compartmentalization of the yeast plasma membrane during cell division by forming rings at the cortex of the bud neck, and these rings establish a lateral diffusion barrier. in contrast, very little is known about the functions of septins in mammalian cells [3, 4] including postmitotic neurons [5-7]. h ... | 2007 | 17935997 |
| malaria vaccine-related benefits of a single protein comprising plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 domains i and ii fused to a modified form of the 19-kilodalton c-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1. | we show that the smallest module of plasmodium falciparum ama1 (pfama1) that can be expressed in the yeast pichia pastoris while retaining the capacity to induce high levels of parasite-inhibitory antibodies comprises domains i and ii. based on this, two fusion proteins, differing in the order of the modules, were developed. each comprised one module of pfama1 (fvo strain, amino acids [aa] 97 to 442) (module a) and one module of pfmsp1(19) (wellcome strain, aa 1526 to 1621) (module mm) in which ... | 2007 | 17938224 |
| biosynthesis of vitamin c by yeast leads to increased stress resistance. | in industrial large scale bio-reactions micro-organisms are generally exposed to a variety of environmental stresses, which might be detrimental for growth and productivity. reactive oxygen species (ros) play a key role among the common stress factors--directly--through incomplete reduction of o(2) during respiration, or indirectly--caused by other stressing factors. vitamin c or l-ascorbic acid acts as a scavenger of ros, thereby potentially protecting cells from harmful oxidative products. whi ... | 2007 | 17971855 |
| functional characterization of pneumocystis carinii brl1 by transspecies complementation analysis. | pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus which causes severe opportunistic infections in immunocompromised humans. the brl1 gene of p. carinii infecting rats was identified and characterized by using bioinformatics in conjunction with functional complementation in saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe. the ectopic expression of this gene rescues null alleles of essential nuclear membrane proteins of the brr6/brl1 family in both yeasts. | 2007 | 17993570 |
| purifying the hedgehog protein and its variants. | the purification of recombinant versions of the n-terminal signaling fragment of sonic hedgehog (shhn) from e. coli, hi-5 insect cells, yeast, and mammalian cell sources reveals diverse post-translational modifications that affect the potency of the purified protein. modifications to the n-terminal cysteine with fatty acyl groups results in significant increases in potency, up to 100-fold, when compared with the unmodified protein. proteolytic clipping at sites near the n-terminus results in ina ... | 2007 | 18025709 |
| complex i is the major site of mitochondrial superoxide production by paraquat. | paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is widely used as a redox cycler to stimulate superoxide production in organisms, cells, and mitochondria. this superoxide production causes extensive mitochondrial oxidative damage, however, there is considerable uncertainty over the mitochondrial sites of paraquat reduction and superoxide formation. here we show that in yeast and mammalian mitochondria, superoxide production by paraquat occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, as inferred from m ... | 2008 | 18039652 |
| nf-kappab-inducing kinase phosphorylates and blocks the degradation of down syndrome candidate region 1. | down syndrome, the most frequent genetic disorder, is characterized by an extra copy of all or part of chromosome 21. down syndrome candidate region 1 (dscr1) gene, which is located on chromosome 21, is highly expressed in the brain of down syndrome patients. although its cellular function remains unknown, dscr1 expression is linked to inflammation, angiogenesis, and cardiac development. to explore the functional role of dscr1 and the regulation of its expression, we searched for novel dscr1-int ... | 2008 | 18056702 |
| macroautophagy-dependent, intralysosomal cleavage of a betaine homocysteine methyltransferase fusion protein requires stable multimerization. | cargo-based assays have proven invaluable in the study of macroautophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. proteomic analysis of autolysosomes identified the metabolic enzyme, betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (bhmt), as a potential cargo-based, end-point marker for mammalian macroautophagy. to test whether degradation of bhmt can be used to measure macroautophagic flux in mammalian cells, we created a bhmt fusion protein (gst-bhmt) that demonstrates starvation-induced, site-specific fragmentat ... | 2008 | 18059170 |
| distribution of ochratoxin a in plasma and tissues of rats fed a naturally contaminated diet amended with micronized wheat fibres: effectiveness of mycotoxin sequestering activity. | the effectiveness of micronized wheat fibres (mwf) alone or in association with yeast cell walls (ycw) as active adsorbents to decrease, in vivo, the levels of ochratoxin a (ota) was checked in a total of 48 rats, equitably distributed into four groups: (1) control; (2) ota naturally contaminated diet (2.2 microg/g); (3) ota naturally contaminated diet (2.2 microg/g) amended with mwf (2%); (4) ota naturally contaminated diet (2 microg/g) amended with mwf (1.8%) in association with ycw (0.2%). a ... | 2008 | 18068288 |
| involvement of s100a6 (calcyclin) and its binding partners in intracellular signaling pathways. | | 2008 | 18155169 |
| general transcription factor iia-gamma increases osteoblast-specific osteocalcin gene expression via activating transcription factor 4 and runt-related transcription factor 2. | atf4 (activating transcription factor 4) is an osteoblast-enriched transcription factor that regulates terminal osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. atf4 knock-out mice have reduced bone mass (severe osteoporosis) throughout life. runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) is a runt domain-containing transcription factor that is essential for bone formation during embryogenesis and postnatal life. in this study, we identified general transcription factor iia gamma (tfiia gamma) as a r ... | 2008 | 18171674 |
| efficient digestion and mass spectral analysis of vesicular glutamate transporter 1: a recombinant membrane protein expressed in yeast. | attempts to characterize recombinant integral membrane proteins (imps) by mass spectrometry are frequently hindered by several factors including the detergents required for extraction and purification that interferes with analysis, poor solubility, incomplete digestion, and limited identification of the transmembrane domain-spanning peptides. the goal of this study was to examine and develop methods for purification of an imp that are amenable to downstream digestion of the protein and peptide a ... | 2008 | 18179165 |
| increased intestinal delivery of viable saccharomyces boulardii by encapsulation in microspheres. | although probiotics are of a major potential therapeutic interest, their efficacy is usually limited by poor bioavailability of viable microorganisms on site. the aim of this study was to protect the probiotic saccharomyces boulardii from degradation in order to ensure a greater number of viable yeast in the colon. | 2008 | 18188682 |
| the roles of amino acid residues at positions 216 and 219 in the structural stability and metabolic functions of rat cytochrome p450 2d1 and 2d2. | we examined the effects of the mutual substitution of amino acid residues at positions 216 and 219 between rat cyp2d1 and cyp2d2 on their microsomal contents and enzymatic functions using a yeast cell expression system and 5-methoxy-n,n-diisopropyltryptamine (5-meo-dipt) as a substrate. cyp2d1 has amino acid residues, leucine and valine, at positions of 216 and 219, respectively, whereas cyp2d2 has phenylalanine and aspartic acid at the same positions. in reduced carbon monoxide-difference spect ... | 2008 | 18191824 |
| characterization of a yeast d-amino acid oxidase microbiosensor for d-serine detection in the central nervous system. | d-serine is an endogenous ligand for n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, and alterations in its concentration have been related to several brain disorders, especially schizophrenia. it is therefore an important target neuromodulator for the pharmaceutical industry. to monitor d-serine levels in vivo, we have developed a microbiosensor based on cylindrical platinum microelectrodes, covered with a membrane of poly-m-phenylenediamine (ppd) and a layer of immobilized d-amino acid oxidase from the ... | 2008 | 18229946 |