| activation of the cryptic aac(6')-iy aminoglycoside resistance gene of salmonella by a chromosomal deletion generating a transcriptional fusion. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype enteritidis bm4361 and bm4362 were isolated from the same patient. bm4361 was susceptible to aminoglycosides, whereas bm4362 was resistant to tobramycin owing to synthesis of a 6'-n-acetyltransferase type i [aac(6')-i]. comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, and southern hybridizations indicated that the chromosomal aac(6')-iy genes for the enzyme in both strains were identical and that bm4362 derived ... | 1999 | 10542165 |
| molecular characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt1 isolates. | salmonella typhimurium dt1 is endemic to finland and has caused human outbreaks since the 1960s. domestic dt1 isolates (n=235) from 1972 to 1999 from human cases, animals and other sources, as well as foreign dt1 isolates from human cases (n=20) were analysed by molecular methods. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) yielded 38 xbai profiles. of these, xbai profile 10 was seen in 49% (125/255) of the isolates. twelve is200 profiles were obtained; the most common is200 profile d was seen in 64 ... | 2004 | 15061501 |
| salmonella abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid responsible for virulence in mice. | most salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar abortusequi strains of equine origin harbor a 95kb plasmid, psa95. results of pcr and southern blot analysis suggest that psa95 contains spv genes. a psa95-cured strain of s. abortusequi was 48 times less virulent to mice than its parental strain. virulence was restored by reintroduction of psa95. these results provide clear evidence that psa95 confers virulence on s. abortusequi in mice. this is the first report describing a virulence pla ... | 1999 | 10510045 |
| assessment of virulence of pigeon isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen for humans. | salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium variant copenhagen was isolated from 5 of 152 (3.3%) feral pigeons from the city of ghent (belgium) and from 26 pooled fecal samples from 114 pigeon lofts (22.8%). these isolates belonged to phage type (pt) 99. seven of the pigeon isolates were further compared in vitro to five human variant copenhagen isolates, 2 isolates of pt 208, 1 isolate each of pt 120 and u302, and a nontypeable isolate. no differences in invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial ... | 2004 | 15131161 |
| "multiplex pcr" identification of the atypical and monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- in são paulo state, brazil: frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns. | salmonella spp. are the etiologic agents of salmonellosis, a worldwide spread zoonoses causing foodborne outbreaks and clinical diseases. by serological identification, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 8.8% of human and 1.6% of nonhuman salmonella strains isolated in são paulo state, during 1991-2000. a total of 28.6% of them amplified a fragment corresponding to h:1,2 (flagellar phase two) through pcr analysis and were further assigned as s. typhimurium. ... | 2004 | 15141285 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination in french broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period. | broiler-chicken are often salmonella carriers. however, these bacteria are responsible for major food-borne human infection, in which poultry-meat products are frequently implicated. in order to prevent salmonella spread during the slaughtering process, control measures should be implemented at the farm level to reduce the prevalence before slaughtering. the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella contamination in french commercial broiler flocks at the end of the ... | 1999 | 10327442 |
| cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium dt104. | a simple dna macroarray system was developed for detection of antibiotic resistance and other marker genes associated with the multidrug-resistant food pathogen salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium dt104. | 2004 | 15214723 |
| effect of the escherichia coli emo strain on experimental infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice. | an experimental infection with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium was evaluated in gnotobiotic mice previously exposed to a plasmid-free non-pathogenic escherichia coli (emo strain). mice were exposed to emo (experimental) or not (control) 10 days before challenge with salmonella typhimurium (10(2) colony forming units (cfu)/mouse). survival after challenge was higher (p < 0.05) in the experimental group (16%) than in the control animals (0%). histopathological examination o ... | 2004 | 15264007 |
| inter- and intra-phage type differentiation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis isolates using molecular typing methods. | seventy-six salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolates which represented 14 phage types and rdnc isolates were investigated by several independent molecular methods. eleven different plasmid profiles were detected. plasmid-encoded virulence genes of the spv gene cluster were shown by hybridization with a spvb/c gene probe to be located on plasmids of either 55 kbp or 95 kbp. ribotyping as performed with gene probes that recognized either the entire rrn oper ... | 1998 | 9809400 |
| isolated high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype paratyphi a. | | 2004 | 15272072 |
| evaluation and comparison of molecular techniques for epidemiological typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. | a total of 28 unrelated isolates of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin (s. dublin) collected during a 6-year period, as well as four samples of the s. dublin live vaccine strain bovisaloral and its prototype strain s. dublin 442/039, were investigated by different molecular typing methods for the following reasons: (i) to find the most discriminatory method for the epidemiological typing of isolates belonging to this salmonella serovar and (ii) to evaluate these methods for t ... | 1996 | 8904430 |
| antimicrobial activity of reuterin in combination with nisin against food-borne pathogens. | antimicrobial activity of reuterin individually or in combination with nisin against different food-borne gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in milk was investigated. reuterin (8 au/ml) exhibited bacteriostatic activity against listeria monocytogenes, whereas its activity was slightly bactericidal against staphylococcus aureus at 37 degrees c. higher bactericidal activity was detected against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis, yersinia enterocolitica, a ... | 2004 | 15282134 |
| st64b is a defective bacteriophage in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt64 that encodes a functional immunity region capable of mediating phage-type conversion. | the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) defective bacteriophage st64b has a putative immunity (immc) region consisting of ci, cro and cii-like genes. since st64b is widespread in s. typhimurium, studies were undertaken to determine whether this region might be functional and influence phage typing results. cloning of st64b immc-like genes and their subsequent expression in s. typhimurium dts showed that this region is able to mediate phage-type conversion in ... | 2004 | 15293455 |
| phenotypic and genotypic changes in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium during passage in intestines of broiler chickens fed on diets that included ionophore anticoccidial supplements. | the effect of continuous in-feed administration of anticoccidial agents on antimicrobial sensitivity and the level of bacterial shedding in poultry experimentally infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) were investigated. on day 0, 1,200 1-day-old salmonella-free broiler chicks were placed into 50 pens, and the pens were randomly allocated to one of five treatments: nonsupplemented (negative control; t1), monensin at 120 mg/kg of diet (t ... | 2004 | 15297474 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium using pcr multiplexing and multicolor capillary electrophoresis. | the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method is currently being used as the primary typing tool for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) isolates in our laboratory. our published initial mlva was performed using a single fluorescent dye and the different patterns were assigned from gel images. here we present a new and significantly improved assay using multiple dye colors, enhanced pcr multiplexing and the introduction of two new l ... | 2004 | 15369852 |
| phage types, ribotypes and tetracycline resistance genes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated from different origins in italy. | the tetracycline resistance (tet) gene patterns of 52 tetracycline resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium isolates collected from animals, food of animal origin, and humans in italy, were investigated to evaluate whether the tet gene patterns could be used for strain differentiation in addition to phage typing and ribotyping. the detection of tet genes was performed by specific pcr assays. ribotyping was performed automatically using pvuii as restriction enzyme. t ... | 2004 | 15381268 |
| molecular and epidemiologic analysis of a county-wide outbreak caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis traced to a bakery. | an increase in the number of attendees due to acute gastroenteritis and fever was noted at one hospital emergency room in taiwan over a seven-day period from july to august, 2001. molecular and epidemiological surveys were performed to trace the possible source of infection. | 2004 | 15541186 |
| [phage types, plasmid profiles and chromosomal restriction profiles of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis (s. enteritidis) isolated in poland in 1999-2000]. | salmonella enteritidis strains are the most often isolated salmonella serovars in poland. in the present study, phage typing, plasmid profile analysis, and pfge have been applied to characterize 140 polish s. enteritidis isolates originated from human cases of salmonellosis and from other sources. the typing phages of ward and colleagues scheme were used to type a total of 140 s. enteritidis strains coming from poland. all 140 strains were typable and six different phage types were observed. a t ... | 2001 | 11757428 |
| variable number of tandem repeats in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica for typing purposes. | the genomic sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains ct18, ty2 (serovar typhi), and lt2 (serovar typhimurium) were analyzed for potential variable number tandem repeats (vntrs). a multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva) of 99 strains of s. enterica supsp. enterica based on 10 vntrs distinguished 52 genotypes and placed them into four groups. all strains tested were independent human isolates from france and did not reflect isolates from outbreak episodes. of these 10 vntrs, 7 showed ... | 2004 | 15583305 |
| [salmonella infections in children: a retrospective study over a four-year period]. | epidemiological state of salmonella infections in languedoc-roussillon (france) and discussion of therapeutic indications. | 2005 | 15653050 |
| physical linkage of tn3 and part of tn1721 in a tetracycline and ampicillin resistance plasmid from salmonella typhimurium. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the 12 656 bp plasmid pfptb1 from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, which mediates resistance to tetracyclines and ampicillin, was determined. the plasmid was analysed for potential reading frames and structural features indicative of transposons and transposon relics. | 2005 | 15731203 |
| prevalence of salmonella serovars in chickens in turkey. | in this study, 151 (18.6%) of 814 ceca obtained during in-line processing of 28 broiler (hybro g, avian, arbor acres, and cobb breeds) and 5 layer (ross, tetra sl, isa brown, and brown nick breeds) flocks in turkey were found to be contaminated with four different salmonella serovars. only salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was recovered from layer birds, whereas salmonella enteritidis (81.5%). salmonella agona (7.6%), salmonella thompson (10.1%), an ... | 2001 | 11726169 |
| molecular follow-up of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona infection in cattle and humans. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona was not frequently encountered in finland until an increase in rates of isolation among animal and feed was seen in 1994. a small outbreak among cattle farms in the regions of oulu and vaasa in northwestern finland in 1994-1995 included eight farms. after the outbreak, an increase in the number of serovar agona infections in humans was seen in 1999: the number of annual microbiologically confirmed cases in humans increased from about 10 from 1990 ... | 2002 | 12354860 |
| influence of enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol on the level of igy in serum and egg yolk after immunostimulation of hens with salmonella enteritidis antigens. | in the chicken, maternal antibodies are transferred into the egg and subsequently transported into the developing embryo. igg (called igy) is the primary immunoglobulin isotype of the egg yolk. their level in serum depends on the correct function of immunological system in laying hens. many factors have a direct or indirect influence on antibody level in fowl. one of them is a commonly used antibiotic, but its influence on avian immune system is still unknown. the objective of the study was to d ... | 2002 | 12448078 |
| cloning and sequencing of a genomic island found in the brazilian purpuric fever clone of haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. | a genomic island was identified in the haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius brazilian purpuric fever (bpf) strain f3031. this island, which was also found in other bpf isolates, could not be detected in non-bpf biogroup aegyptius strains or in nontypeable or typeable h. influenzae strains, with the exception of a region present in the type b eagan strain. this 34,378-bp island is inserted, in reference to h. influenzae rd kw20, within a choline transport gene and contains a mosaic structure ... | 2005 | 15784532 |
| monitoring of layer feed and eggs for salmonella in eastern japan between 1993 and 1998. | in order to investigate contamination of chicken farms with salmonella, feed and eggs were sampled from 16 commercial layer farms in eastern japan between 1993 and 1998 and cultured for salmonellae. salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates belonging to 19 serovars were obtained from the feed. six of the 19 serotypes, including salmonella serovar enteritidis, were observed in isolates recovered from the eggs. salmonella serovar enteritidis strains obtained from a feed sample and egg contents ... | 2001 | 11348011 |
| dose determination for acute salmonella infection in pigs. | pigs were exposed to various levels of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium by either intranasal inoculation or by subjecting them to a contaminated environment. more than 10(3) salmonellae were required to induce acute salmonella infection. these results indicate that intervention against acute salmonella infection in lairage may be more readily achieved than previously thought. | 2005 | 15870368 |
| modulation of gut mucosal biofilms. | non-digestible inulin-type fructans, such as oligofructose and high-molecular-weight inulin, have been shown to have the ability to alter the intestinal microbiota composition in such a way that members of the microbial community, generally considered as health-promoting, are stimulated. bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the most frequently targeted organisms. less information exists on effects of inulin-type fructans on the composition, metabolism and health-related significance of bacteria a ... | 2005 | 15877893 |
| effect of previous antimicrobial treatment on fecal shedding of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup b in new york dairy herds with recent clinical salmonellosis. | the association of herd- and sample-level factors with the isolation of salmonella group b from cattle fecal samples was analyzed. study farms were 65 dairy herds with a recent history of laboratory-confirmed clinical salmonella infections. herds were visited once per month for three months to collect data and samples for bacteriological culture. herd size varied widely from 34 to 3700 total cattle on the farm (median=370). salmonella serogroup b was isolated from 270 of 2726 samples tested. the ... | 2003 | 12507855 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. isolated in the uk are now a reality: why the late arrival? | in february 2004, we reported the first recognition of the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) in non-typhoidal salmonella spp. in the uk; the beta-lactamase was tem-52. six months later, an shv-derived esbl (shv-12) was detected in a salmonella strain isolated in york and 6 months after that we have just identified ctx-m-type beta-lactamases in scottish isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and salmonella virchow (unpublished results). a very rec ... | 2005 | 16000403 |
| repeated occurrence of diverse extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in minor serotypes of food-borne salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | screening of greek nontyphoid salmonellae from 2000 to 2002 yielded three extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing human isolates. salmonella enterica serotype brandenburg harbored a multiresistant shv-5 gene-carrying plasmid. s. enterica serotype blockley and s. enterica serotype hadar harbored a tem-52 gene-carrying plasmid. an s. enterica serotype virchow strain producing plasmid-mediated ctx-m-32 was isolated twice from poultry end products. all esbl plasmids were self-transferable ... | 2005 | 16000476 |
| subtracted restriction fingerprinting--a tool for bacterial genome typing. | reproducible, discriminative, high-throughput methods are required for the identification of bacterial strains and isolates in a clinical environment. a new molecular typing method for bacteria was developed and tested on salmonella and e. coli species. the technique is called subtracted restriction fingerprinting and is based on double restriction enzyme digestion of genomic dna followed by end labeling. the "detection" enzyme produces ttaa overhangs that are filled in with digoxigenated nucleo ... | 2003 | 12613253 |
| effect of relative humidity on preharvest survival of bacterial and viral pathogens on the surface of cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. | the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of humidity on the preharvest survival of microbial pathogens on cantaloupe, lettuce, and bell peppers. an additional goal was to evaluate clostridium perfringens as an indicator of fecal contamination on produce. the microorganisms used in this study included escherichia coli, e. coli o157:h7, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, clostridium perfringens, hepatitis a virus (hav), feline calicivirus (fcv), and coliphage prd1. t ... | 2005 | 16013370 |
| the effect of type-1 fimbrial immunization on gut pathophysiological response in rats infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. | the pathophysiological mechanism of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) induced gastroenteritis is controlled by interplay of various cell signaling events. adherence of this organism through type-1 fimbriae is known to be a vital prerequisite for the establishment of infection. in the present investigation male albino wistar rats were immunized with purified type-1 fimbriae and challenged intragastrically with s. typhimurium. electrolyte transport an ... | 2005 | 16013447 |
| typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and laboratory strains of escherichia coli using subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of a new typing technique called subtracted restriction fingerprinting (srf) for bacterial strain and isolate discrimination. the technique was applied to isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovars choleraesuis, typhimurium, dublin and to two laboratory strains of e. coli. srf is based on the selective removal of excess fragments from a restriction digest using magnetic particles. subsequently, the remaining subset of ... | 2003 | 12906386 |
| dissemination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen clonal types through a contract heifer-raising operation. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen isolates from a heifer-raising operation and from 11 dairy herds that had their calves contracted to the heifer-raising operation were examined for their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. results of the study showed that the heifer-raising operation could serve as a clearinghouse for salmonella serovar typhimurium var. copenhagen and perhaps other salmonella serotypes. | 2005 | 16081980 |
| a regional outbreak of s. enteritidis phage type 5, traced back to the flocks of an egg producer, austria. | in the spring and summer of 2002, the nationale referenzzentrale für salmonellen (national reference centre for salmonella - nrcs) in austria noticed a cluster of human salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. enteritidis phage type 5 (s. enteritidis pt5) infections in two neighbouring districts of austria. another small outbreak of s. enteritidis pt5 infections that occurred in the same region in 1999 had been traced back to the flocks of a local egg producer (approximately 6 000 hens). attenti ... | 2003 | 14605374 |
| use of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare historic and contemporary isolates of multi-drug-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport. | recently, multi-drug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar newport reemerged as a public and animal health problem. the antibiotic resistance of 198 isolates and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns (pfge) of 139 isolates were determined. serovar newport isolates collected between 1988 and 2001 were included in the study. one hundred seventy-eight isolates were collected from the san joaquin valley in california and came from dairy cattle clinical samples, huma ... | 2004 | 14711658 |
| anti-salmonella activity of (2e)-alkenals. | this study investigated the effect of a series of naturally occurring aliphatic (2e)-alkenals against salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis atcc 35640 and evaluated their antibacterial action. | 2004 | 15012807 |
| salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis harbours cole1, cole2, and rolling-circle-like replicating plasmids. | using dna hybridization, at least three distinct groups of low molecular mass plasmids were identified in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis. after sequencing representative plasmids from each group, we concluded that they belonged to cole1, cole2, and rolling-circle-like replicating plasmids. plasmid pk (4245 bp) is a representative of widely distributed cole1 plasmids. plasmid pp (4301 bp) is homologous to cole2 plasmids and was present predominantly in single-stranded dna ... | 2004 | 15052312 |
| long-term survival of pathogenic and sanitation indicator bacteria in experimental biowaste composts. | for economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. one approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. however, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded listeria monocytoge ... | 2005 | 16204488 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding by market-age pigs in french farrow-to-finish herds. | fattening-pigs carriers of salmonella enterica are believed to be a main source of carcass and pork contamination at the later steps of the meat process. we did a prospective study in 2000-2001 in 105 french farrow-to-finish pig farms. in each farm, a batch of contemporary fattening pigs housed in the same room was followed throughout the fattening period. salmonella shedding was assessed on environmental samples of faecal material (taken by means of pairs of gauze socks) analysed by classical b ... | 2004 | 15099720 |
| molecular analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolated from slaughter pigs. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar agona plays an important role in brazil as causative agent of salmonellosis in food-producing animals - in particular, pigs and poultry - as well as in humans. a total of 45 s. agona isolates collected from slaughter pigs at three different slaughterhouses in southern brazil was investigated in this study for their phenotypic and genotypic relatedness. for this, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the phage types were determined. molecul ... | 2006 | 16289951 |
| risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica infection in senegalese broiler-chicken flocks. | our objective was to assess the association of managerial practices, general hygiene and salmonella infection in senegalese broiler flocks. seventy broilers farms were studied from january 2000 to december 2001 around dakar. a questionnaire was submitted to the farmers and samples of fresh broiler droppings were taken. a 28.6% of the flocks were infected by salmonella (mainly hadar and brancaster serovars). salmonella infection of the previous flock (or = 6.82) and of day-old chicks (or = 3.73), ... | 2004 | 15158567 |
| acute infection of swine by various salmonella serovars. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of various serovars of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica to infect alimentary and nonalimentary tissues of swine within 3 h of inoculation. fourteen wild-type s. enterica serovars (4,12:imonophasic, 6,7 nonmotile, agona, brandenburg, bredeney, derby, heidelberg, infantis, muenchen, thompson, typhimurium, typhimurium variant copenhagen, untypeable, and worthington), two known virulent s. enterica serovars (choleraesuis strain sc-38 and typ ... | 2004 | 15270506 |
| salmonella gallinarum gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the causative organism of fowl typhoid, and an outbreak of fowl typhoid in korea was confirmed in 1992. the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in fluoroquinolone susceptibility among s. gallinarum isolates from 1995 to 2001, and to analyse mutations of the gyra gene in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. among 258 s. gallinarum isolates tested by the disk diffusion method, isolates from 1995 (n=18) were ... | 2004 | 15276996 |
| antimicrobial resistance types and genes in salmonella enterica infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat and broiler chickens on farms. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat (n = 98) and broiler chickens on farms (n = 70) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. a total of 15 antimicrobial resistance types, 14 in meat and 10 in broiler isolates, were identified, and 9 of the 15 types were indistinguishable between meat and broiler isolates. resistance to both oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin accounted for 94.0% of the resistanc ... | 2006 | 16416922 |
| molecular typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar hadar: evaluation and application of different typing methods. | a highly discriminatory molecular typing system for isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar hadar was developed based on the data obtained from 34 epidemiologically unrelated s. hadar isolates from germany and brazil. plasmid profile analysis and macrorestriction analysis with the enzymes xbai, spei and blni represented the most discriminative typing methods. in contrast, ribotyping as performed with a gene probe that recognized the entire rrn operon did not reveal any diffe ... | 1998 | 9631533 |
| direct immunofluorescence assay for rapid environmental detection of vibrio cholerae o1. | an immunofluorescence assay for direct detection of v. cholerae o1 was developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against outer membrane proteins (omps) of v. cholerae o1. production of omps varied with growth media used; maximum production was found in tryptic soy broth. the detection system was specific because no cross-reactivity was observed with other bacteria including v. cholerae o139, e. coli, s. dysenteriae and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi. the technique was able ... | 2005 | 16475506 |
| development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting equine serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of salmonella abortusequi. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) was developed for the detection of equine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi (lps), a causative organism of equine paratyphoid. the data presented demonstrates that horses immunized with s. abortusequi lps developed antibodies detectable by the ielisa. by comparison, the tube agglutination test (tat) did not detect antibody to s. abortusequi lps as consistently as the ielisa. the ... | 2006 | 16483621 |
| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium dt104, and listeria monocytogenes on inoculated alfalfa seeds with a fatty acid-based sanitizer. | alfalfa seeds were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium dt104, or listeria monocytogenes by immersion to contain approximately 6 to 8 log cfu/g and then treated with a fatty acid-based sanitizer containing 250 ppm of peroxyacid, 1,000 ppm of caprylic and capric acids (emery 658), 1,000 ppm of lactic acid, and 500 ppm of glycerol monolaurate at a reference concentration of 1x. inoculated seeds were immersed at ... | 2006 | 16541689 |
| monitoring of chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm for salmonella contamination between 1994 and 1998. | two chicken houses and an attached egg-processing facility in a laying farm were sampled between 1994 and 1998 to investigate salmonella contamination. each of the houses was environmentally controlled and fitted with egg belts that transported eggs from the houses to the egg-processing facility. four hundred twenty-eight salmonella isolates were obtained from 904 environmental samples collected from the houses. two hundred fifty-two of the 428 (58.9%) isolates yielded five serotypes as follows: ... | 2001 | 11770616 |
| differentiation of escherichia coli pathotypes by oligonucleotide spotted array. | to accurately determine the pathotypes of escherichia coli strains, a comprehensive assessment of each strain that targets multiple genes is required. a new approach to the identification and characterization of e. coli pathotypes was developed by constructing gene-specific probes (70-mers) for not only the virulence genes associated with each e. coli pathotype but also the o157-, cft073-, and k-12-specific and common genes of each pathotype. analysis of oligonucleotide probes with reference and ... | 2006 | 16597882 |
| herd-level diagnosis for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin infection in bovine dairy herds. | herd-level sensitivities of bacteriological and serological methods were compared in 79 bovine dairy herds, recently infected with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin. all farms experienced clinical signs of salmonellosis for the first time and had no history of vaccination against salmonellosis. at the start of the study, infection with serovar dublin was confirmed with at least one positive bacteriologic culture for serovar dublin from a clinical case (gold standard for herd inf ... | 2002 | 11821135 |
| molecular genotyping of salmonella enterica abortusovis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | genotyping of salmonella strains is an important tool to discriminate among isolates and to improve epidemiological studies when an outbreak occurs. no phagetyping scheme is available for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusovis (sao) and molecular methods previously used were not standardized and were time consuming. among the dna-based methods of genotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is currently in use to subtype salmonella isolates. in this study we evaluated the ... | 2006 | 16624505 |
| fingerprinting of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis by ribotyping. | objective: to carry out an epidemiologic evaluation of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis outbreaks in households and small communities by means of rrna gene restriction pattern analysis (ribotyping). methods: one hundred enteritidis isolates dating from 1989 to 1994 which could be allocated epidemiologically to different sources or to small community outbreaks were investigated with ribotyping, a fingerprinting method in which bacterial dna is hybridized with the biotin-lab ... | 1997 | 11864109 |
| stabilization of a plasmid coding for a heterologous antigen in salmonella enterica serotype typhi vaccine strain cvd908-htra by using site-specific recombination. | a gene cassette incorporating the crs-rsd site-specific recombination system from the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar dublin virulence plasmid improved the inheritance in s. enterica serotype typhi strain cvd908-htra of a multicopy plasmid expression vector. use of this recombination cassette may improve expression of heterologous antigens from multicopy plasmid expression vectors in attenuated bacterial vaccine strains. | 2006 | 16790817 |
| comparison of antagonistic ability against enteropathogens by g+ and g- anaerobic dominant components of human fecal microbiota. | to confirm if anaerobic g+-components are those responsible for the function of colonization resistance, obligate anaerobic g+- and g- -bacteria from normal dominant microbiota of human feces were isolated from three successive collections and then used in in vitro assays for antagonism against two enteropathogenic bacteria. the production of inhibitory diffusible compounds was determined on supplemented bhi agar and mrs agar media for g- - and g+-bacteria, respectively. salmonella enterica subs ... | 2006 | 16821725 |
| herd-level risk factors for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in u.s. market pigs. | midwest u.s. herds (n=63) were studied to identify risk factors for harboring salmonella enterica among slaughter-weight pigs. samples collected on farms (feces) and at slaughter (distal colonic content, cecal content and ileocolic lymph nodes) were cultured using conventional means. approximately 15 pigs were studied per herd, for a total of 3754 samples. the proportion of pigs positive in one or more samples was calculated for each herd. herd characteristics were described by a combination of ... | 2006 | 16828183 |
| variable-number tandem repeats that are useful in genotyping isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. | the genome of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 was analyzed for direct repeats, and 54 sequences containing variable-number tandem repeat loci were identified. ten primer pairs that anneal upstream and downstream of each selected locus were designed and used to amplify pcr targets in isolates of s. enterica serovars typhimurium and newport. four of the 10 loci did not show polymorphism in the length of products. six loci were selected for analysis. isolates of s ... | 2006 | 16943354 |
| multiplex pcr-based method for identification of common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. | a multiplex pcr method has been developed to differentiate between the most common clinical serotypes of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica encountered in washington state and the united states in general. six genetic loci from s. enterica serovar typhimurium and four from s. enterica serovar typhi were used to create an assay consisting of two five-plex pcrs. the assays gave reproducible results with 30 different serotypes that represent the most common clinical isolates of s. enterica subsp. ... | 2006 | 16943358 |
| profile of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in new york city. | strains of newly emerging salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies i) serotype 4,5,12:i:- causing food-borne infections, including a large food poisoning outbreak (n = 86) characterized by persistent diarrhea (14% bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and headache, were examined. the organisms were found in the stool samples from the patients. the biochemical profile of the organisms is consistent with that of s. enterica subsp. i serotypes, except for decreased dulcitol (13%) and increased ino ... | 2002 | 12037044 |
| molecular characterization of multiresistant d-tartrate-positive salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates. | since 1996, the national salmonella reference laboratory of germany has received an increasing number of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b isolates. nearly all of these belonged to the dextrorotatory tartrate-positive variant (s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b dt(+)), formerly called s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar java. a total of 55 selected contemporary and older s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar paratyphi b dt(+) isolates were analyzed by plasmid pro ... | 2002 | 12202551 |
| technical improvement to prevent dna degradation of enteric pathogens in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | this study used a modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) method with hepes as a running buffer to prevent electrophoresis-related dna degradation of nine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar ohio, seven salmonella serovar newport, and two enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (non-o157) strains. all strains yielded identifiable bands with this method in contrast to a commonly applied pfge method using tris buffer. | 2002 | 12202602 |
| a strain of salmonella enterica serovar virchow isolated in turkey and carrying a ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. | a multiply resistant strain of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar virchow was isolated in november 2002 from a catheterized patient admitted to the ssk training hospital in ankara, turkey. this isolate showed an antimicrobial susceptibility pattern compatible with the presence of a ctx-m-type esbl, namely resistance to cefotaxime, aztreonam and cefepime, and intermediate susceptibility to ceftazidime. on checking for the presence of the bla(tem), bla(shv), and bla(ctx-m )resistance gene ... | 2006 | 17129843 |
| infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit. | to describe the investigation and control of an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit in brazil. | 2002 | 12219059 |
| acquisition of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport and escherichia coli in the turkey poult intestinal tract. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar newport resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and other antimicrobials causes septicemic salmonellosis in humans and animals and is increasingly isolated from humans, animals, foods, and environmental sources. mechanisms whereby serovar newport bacteria become resistant to escs and other classes of antimicrobials while inhabiting the intestinal tract are not well understood. the present study shows that 25.3% of serovar newport strai ... | 2005 | 15746317 |
| vi antigen expression in salmonella enterica serovar typhi clinical isolates from pakistan. | the accurate identification of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi variants that fail to express the capsular polysaccharide, vi, is an important and much discussed issue for medical microbiology. we have tested a multiplex pcr method which shows the presence or absence of the genetic locus required for vi expression. of 2,222 salmonella serovar typhi clinical isolates collected from patients' blood over a 4-year period in a region of pakistan where typhoid is endemic, 12 tested ne ... | 2005 | 15750077 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolated from pigs in rio grande do sul, brazil. | this study aimed to investigate the relatedness of porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (s.) serovar typhimurium strains isolated in southern brazil. sixty-six isolates from pigs belonging to three commercial companies were submitted to phage typing, xbai-macrorestriction (pfge), is200 hybridization, rep-pcr, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pcr assay targeting the spvr region. all strains presented a unique rep-pcr pattern and 63 strains had a common is200 profile. one pulse-typ ... | 2007 | 17336354 |
| class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolated from pig carcasses in brazil. | two multiresistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona isolates from pig carcasses were investigated for antimicrobial resistance genes and their location with particular reference to the detection of class 1 integrons. | 2005 | 15761062 |
| weakening of salmonella with selected microbial metabolites of berry-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids. | gram-negative bacteria are important food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. their unique outer membrane (om) provides them with a hydrophilic surface structure, which makes them inherently resistant to many antimicrobial agents, thus hindering their control. however, with permeabilizers, compounds that disintegrate and weaken the om, gram-negative cells can be sensitized to several external agents. although antimicrobial activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds has been widely reported, thei ... | 2007 | 17439151 |
| evaluation of stocking density and subtherapeutic chlortetracycline on salmonella enterica subsp. enterica shedding in growing swine. | the objective of this research was to determine the effect of stocking density and inclusion of subtherapeutic chlortetracycline in the diet on salmonella fecal prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in growing swine. a 2 x 2 factorial design was employed on a privately owned commercial swine farm. four finisher rooms were included in the study. two of the rooms received 50 g/tonnes of chlortetracycline in the ration, two rooms received no antimicrobials in the feed. in each room, alternate pen ... | 2007 | 17482387 |
| antibody-quantum dot conjugates exhibit enhanced antibacterial effect vs. unconjugated quantum dots. | the effect of a 20-min exposure to antibody-quantum dot (ab-qd) conjugates on colony counts of escherichia coli was assessed by the spread-plate method and compared with exposure to unconjugated qds having only amine or carboxyl groups on their surfaces. under these conditions, ab-qd conjugates generally exhibited >90% reduction in colony-forming units as compared to untreated e. coli and e. coli treated with unconjugated qds after incubation for as long as 41 h. the antibacterial effect of ab-q ... | 2007 | 17571792 |
| comparison of fecal culture and danish mix-elisa for determination of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica prevalence in growing swine. | in the usa, control of food-borne salmonellosis associated with meat consumption has been predominantly focused at slaughter and processing. it is expected that standards at slaughter and processing will become more stringent, creating pressure to reduce prevalence of salmonella-positive food animals through on-farm interventions. the aim of this study was to compare traditional fecal culture and the danish mix-elisa (dme) for determination of salmonella prevalence pre-harvest in swine. in trial ... | 2005 | 15795083 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal. | this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was answered by the slaughterers, and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the batches were contaminated with salmonella, indicating salmonella hadar and s ... | 2005 | 15957441 |
| insertional mutation of mara vitiates inducible multiple antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar choleraesuis. | mara has been shown to mediate a multiple antimicrobial resistance (mar) phenotype following induction in some members of the enterobacteriaceae. when salmonella choleraesuis was exposed to inducing agents they displayed higher minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) to multiple antimicrobial agents and an increase in mara expression as determined by northern hybridization analysis. the objective of the present study was to determine if mutation of mara vitiated multiple antimicrobial resistance ... | 2005 | 16006078 |
| isolation of salmonella enterica serotype newport from a partly ruptured splenic abscess in a traveler returning from zanzibar. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype newport is a pathogen of growing importance because of its epidemic spread in dairy cattle and increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance. human infections, however, are rare. we report a case of a splenic abscess in a young traveler returning from east africa. | 2007 | 17634302 |
| risk factors associated with salmonella enterica subsp. enterica contamination of chicken carcases in senegal. | the objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for salmonella spp. contamination of senegalese chicken carcases during slaughtering. one hundred and twenty traditional slaughterhouses were studied from january 2000 to december 2002 in and around dakar. a questionnaire was administered to the slaughterers and samples of breast skin were taken to assess the salmonella spp. status of chicken carcases. results showed that 43.3% of the chicken batches were contaminated with salmonella s ... | 2005 | 16050182 |
| [the occurrence and characterisation of oxy-imino-beta-lactams resistant strains among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated in poland]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes manifesting considerable hydrolyzing activity on a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics including oxyiminocephalosporins and aztreonam. in the study reported here we investigated the types of esbl produced by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical samples in the microbiological laboratories of sanitary-epidemiological units in poland from 1999 to 2004. among 239 ampicillin-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. en ... | 2005 | 16134384 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium: comparison of isolates from pigs, poultry and cases of human gastroenteritis. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and variable number tandem repeat (vntr) profiles of 195 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in 1997-2004 from pigs were analysed and the results compared to establish the discriminatory ability of each method. in order to investigate the epidemiology of s. typhimurium from different populations, the vntr profiles from pigs were compared with those obtained from 190 s. typhimurium strains isolated from poultry and 186 strain ... | 2007 | 17714389 |
| oral sodium chlorate, topical disinfection, and younger weaning age reduce salmonella enterica shedding in pigs. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica can cause swine illness or human foodborne disease. although nontoxic to mammalian cells, chlorate can be converted to cytotoxic chlorite by salmonellae. to test whether chlorate is effective at reducing salmonella shedding in weaned pigs exposed to shedding dams, a chlorate-nitrate-lactate (chlorate) oral dose was administered daily for 5 days following weaning, and this treatment was evaluated in combination with two weaning ages and a topical disinfectant. ... | 2007 | 17803134 |
| the role of roof rats ( rattus rattus) in the spread of salmonella enteritidis and s. infantis contamination in layer farms in eastern japan. | the prevalence of salmonella in four layer farms in eastern japan was investigated between 2004 and 2006 to determine the role of roof rats (rattus rattus) in the epizootology of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis). persistent s. enteritidis and s. infantis contamination of the environment and pooled egg samples were detected in three out of four layer farms. a total of 113 (13.3%) and 158 (18.6%) out of 851 rats examined were positive for s. enteritidis and ... | 2008 | 17988423 |
| phenolic acids from plant foods can increase or decrease the mutation frequency to antibiotic resistance. | phenolic compounds are ubiquitous in plant foods, and they have been reported to have multiple biological effects. this study investigates the ability of derivatives of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids to influence the development of ciprofloxacin resistance in the antibiotic-sensitive strain salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. we have found that cinnamic acid and its hydroxy derivatives increase the frequency of mutations leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in compa ... | 2007 | 17994694 |
| safety and efficacy of salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine in young laying chickens. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum (s. gallinarum) is the agent of fowl typhoid, and the 9r vaccine is a commercially available, live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid. the aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the 9r vaccine in young chickens. the mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 doses at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (p<0.05) than the mean weight ... | 2005 | 16147574 |
| longitudinal study of a clonal, subclinical outbreak of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar cerro in a u.s. dairy herd. | salmonellae are a major group of foodborne pathogens known to affect both humans and animals. dairy cattle are a known reservoir of these bacteria and human salmonella infections have been associated with the consumption of improperly processed or contaminated dairy products. many of the over 2500 known serotypes of salmonella are known to infect cattle, resulting in asymptomatic to fatal salmonellosis. this study describes the course of a salmonella outbreak and subsequent endemic infection on ... | 2007 | 18041954 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of listeria monocytogenes using multicolour capillary electrophoresis and comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. | the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method for genotyping has proven to be a fast and reliable typing tool in several bacterial species. mlva is in our laboratory the routine typing method for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli o157. the gram-positive bacteria listeria monocytogenes, while not isolated as frequent as s. typhimurium and e. coli, causes severe illness with an overall mortality rate of 30%. thus, it is importan ... | 2008 | 18096258 |
| characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry in malaysia. | the aims of this communication were to study characterization of serogroups among salmonella isolates and the relationship of antimicrobial resistance to serogroups. multiple antimicrobial resistance (mar) was performed on 189 salmonella enterica isolates associated with 38 different serovars that were recovered from poultry and four types of indigenous vegetables. | 2008 | 18179445 |
| induction of the carrier state in pigeons infected with salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium pt99 by treatment with florfenicol: a matter of pharmacokinetics. | paratyphoid caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is the main bacterial disease in pigeons. the ability of salmonella serovar typhimurium to persist intracellularly inside pigeon macrophages results in the development of chronic carriers, which maintain the infection in the flock. in this study, the effect of drinking-water medication with florfenicol on salmonella infection in pigeons was examined. the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pigeons revealed a relatively ... | 2008 | 18180355 |
| toll-like receptor 5-deficient mice have dysregulated intestinal gene expression and nonspecific resistance to salmonella-induced typhoid-like disease. | the recognition of flagellin by toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) is the dominant means by which model intestinal epithelia activate proinflammatory gene expression in response to salmonella enterica. the role of the flagellin-tlr5 interaction in vivo has been addressed primarily via studies that use flagellar mutants. such studies suggest that host recognition of flagellin promotes rapid neutrophil recruitment that protects the host from this pathogen. however, these works do not directly address the ... | 2008 | 18195036 |
| viability of zoonotic pathogens escherichia coli and salmonella in swine manure slurries with and without a urease inhibitor and thymol. | to determine the effects of urine, a urease inhibitor and/or an odour-reducing antimicrobial compound, on zoonotic pathogens in swine manure slurries. | 2008 | 18298450 |
| pyrosequencing analysis of the gyrb gene to differentiate bacteria responsible for diarrheal diseases. | pathogens causing acute diarrhea include a large variety of species from enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae. a method based on pyrosequencing was used here to differentiate bacteria commonly associated with diarrhea in china; the method is targeted to a partial amplicon of the gyrb gene, which encodes the b subunit of dna gyrase. twenty-eight specific polymorphic positions were identified from sequence alignment of a large sequence dataset and targeted using 17 sequencing primers. of 95 isolate ... | 2008 | 18324428 |
| hypoxia-independent activation of hif-1 by enterobacteriaceae and their siderophores. | hypoxia inducible factor-1 (hif-1) is the key transcriptional regulator during adaptation to hypoxia. recent studies provide evidence for hif-1 activation during bacterial infections. however, molecular details of how bacteria activate hif-1 remain unclear. here, we pursued the role of bacterial siderophores in hif-1 activation during infection with enterobacteriaceae. | 2008 | 18325389 |
| enhanced contrast of bacteriophage plaques in salmonella with ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) and tetrazolium red (tzr). | visualization of bacteriophage plaques may be enhanced by addition of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate (facst) or 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium red, tzr) to the soft agar layer of a traditional bacteriophage plaque assay. background color from these reagents improved contrast between clear plaques and turbid host lawns in trypticase soy agar (tsa) plates. enhancement by facst is based on reaction with hydrogen sulfide gas (h2s) produced by some strains of bacteri ... | 2006 | 16182396 |
| ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-l tap water samples. | this study focused on ultrafiltration as a technique for simultaneously concentrating and recovering viruses, bacteria and parasites in 100-l drinking water samples. a chemical dispersant, sodium polyphosphate, and tween 80 were used to increase microbial recovery efficiencies. secondary concentration was performed to reduce sample volumes to 3-5 ml for analysis using tissue culture, microscopy, and real-time pcr and rt-pcr. at seeding levels of 100-1000 (cfu, pfu, oocysts, or particles), a "hig ... | 2008 | 18395278 |
| real-time optical detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using lytic phage probes. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus)-specific bacteriophage was used as a probe for detection of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in aqueous solution using a novel optical method. biorecognition phage monolayers transferred to glass substrates using langmuir-blodgett (lb) technique were exposed individually to mrsa in solution at logarithmic concentrations ranging from 10(6) to 10(9)cfu/ml, and observed for real-time binding using a cytoviva optical light microscope system. results indicate t ... | 2008 | 18424125 |
| salmonella profile in chickens determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacteriology from years 2000 to 2003 in turkey. | from years 2000 to 2003, salmonella was investigated from a total of 1785 samples comprised of chicken intestinal samples, cloacal swabs, drag swabs, litter samples and chick dust samples collected from 191 poultry breeding flocks belonging to 15 different chicken breeding stock companies in the marmara region, turkey by a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (sgbrt-pcr), by a probe-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (psrt-pcr) and by standardized bacteriology as descri ... | 2005 | 16191689 |
| use of biochemical kinetic data to determine strain relatedness among salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates. | classical biotyping characterizes strains by creating biotype profiles that consider only positive and negative results for a predefined set of biochemical tests. this method allows salmonella subspecies to be distinguished but does not allow serotypes and phage types to be distinguished. the objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of isolates belonging to distinct salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes by using a refined biotyping process that considers the kinetics at w ... | 2005 | 16272463 |
| analysis of salmonella agona and salmonella weltevreden in malaysia by pcr fingerprinting and antibiotic resistance profiling. | forty-eight strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar agona and 33 strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar weltevreden were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting using 3 different arbitrary primer, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. by using rapd, 81 strains (44 strains of s. agona and 33 strains of s. weltevreden) can be clustered into 14 grou ... | 2008 | 18548329 |
| molecular analysis of multiresistant porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates from southern brazil: identification of resistance genes, integrons and a group ii intron. | the relationships of 83 porcine salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar bredeney isolates obtained at two slaughterhouses in southern brazil were analysed by xbai and blni macrorestriction analysis, plasmid profiling and determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns. twenty-nine xbai and 30 blni macrorestriction patterns were identified. the 72 plasmid-bearing isolates exhibited 20 different plasmid profiles. multiresistance was detected in 49 isolates (59%), of which 39 isolates showed ... | 2008 | 18571903 |
| persistence of salmonella senftenberg in poultry production environments and investigation of its resistance to desiccation. | most salmonella serovars, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar senftenberg (s. senftenberg), are tolerant to desiccation and able to colonize and persist in feed mills. in addition, they may survive cleaning and disinfection procedures used on poultry farms. the present study was conducted to investigate the survival of s. senftenberg in broiler parent stock farms and broiler farms. the isolates from one of the parent stock farms investigated only differed by a single band in fl ... | 2008 | 18622860 |