| proviral sequences detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood cells of horses with equine infectious anemia lentivirus. | proviral sequences in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 3 horses with acute equine infectious anemia virus were monitored using the polymerase chain reaction. provirus was detected during the initial viremic episode in each horse and during each of 3 relapsing viremic cycles, although the appearance of provirus lagged behind the onset of viremia. following each viremic episode, provirus levels in the peripheral monocytes decreased to less than 1 copy in 5 x 10(6) cells. | 1991 | 1848747 |
| comparative features of retroviral infections of livestock. | retroviral infections of livestock have become of increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals and animal products nationally and internationally. this paper presents a perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in veterinary medicine with emphasis on the importance of understanding the modes of virus transmission and the species specificity of the viruses. the retrov ... | 1990 | 1963391 |
| neutralization of hiv-1: a paradox of humoral proportions. | the production of immunoglobulin capable of neutralizing the infectivity of a virus represents one of the most remarkable molecular accomplishments of the host's available immune defenses. it should be no surprise that a virus that has existed in the parenchyma of the immune system has evolved as an equally dynamic molecule (i.e., viral envelope) for survival. neutralizing immunoglobulin (ig) can best serve the host under conditions where the invading pathogen requires a well-defined cell-free s ... | 1991 | 1712328 |
| the open reading frame orf s3 of equine infectious anemia virus is expressed during the viral life cycle. | the genome of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) contains several small open reading frames (orfs), the importance of which in the development of the virus is not clear. we investigated the possibility that the largest of these orfs (orf s3) is expressed during the course of the viral infection. the orf s3 information was expressed in escherichia coli, and the antigen was used to raise monospecific antiserum. a 20-kda protein expressed in cells producing eiav was identified as the gene produc ... | 1990 | 2173797 |
| animal lentivirus replication and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | we summarize the pathogenesis of animal lentiviruses (visna-maedi virus, caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus, and equine infectious anemia virus), which have raised considerable interest since the discovery of human lentiviruses. the human lentiviruses possess structural, genetic, and clinical properties similar to those of animal lentiviruses. we describe the different mechanisms of and the principal work on reverse transcriptase inhibitors of animal lentiviruses, such as hpa-23, phosphono ... | 1989 | 2479076 |
| epidemiologic importance of interstate transport of equids infected with equine infectious anemia virus. | | 1991 | 2061145 |
| [a western blot test for the serological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia]. | after electrophoretic separation in sds-page structural proteins of the virus of equine infectious anemia (eia) were easily blotted by the semi-dry-blotting method onto nitrocellulose filters. strips of these filters were used for antibody demonstration, and positive reactions thereof were intensified by a biotin-avidin-peroxidase system. sensitivity of this system was so high as to allow readable interpretation of bands up to the dilution of 1:6,400 of a strongly positive serum. frequently this ... | 1989 | 2538978 |
| studies on the regulation and pattern of expression of the equine infectious anemia virus genome. | | 1990 | 2178131 |
| proviral dna integration and transcriptional patterns of equine infectious anemia virus during persistent and cytopathic infections. | the structure and integration patterns of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) proviral dna and the patterns of viral transcription were examined in persistent and cytopathic infections of cultured cells. the results of southern blot analyses indicated that, in persistently infected cells, about 30% of the eiav provirus exists as randomly integrated dna, while the remaining 70% is equally divided between unintegrated linear and closed circular forms. the cytopathic infection, in contrast, is ch ... | 1990 | 2152836 |
| occurrence of equine infectious anaemia in india. | | 1989 | 2547265 |
| tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human t-cell leukemia virus type i, and other retroviruses. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of 1 mm edta. pelleted gradient fractions were analyzed for total protein, total gag capsid protein, and total zinc. zinc was found to copurify and concentrate with the virus particles. through successive cycles of resuspending in buffer containing edta and repelleting, the zinc content remained constant at about 1.7 mol of zinc per ... | 1992 | 1731111 |
| cdna sequence of the env gene of a pathogenic equine infectious anemia lentivirus variant. | | 1990 | 2155398 |
| immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia lentivirus disease. | virus replication and subsequent viremia are clearly correlated with clinical disease in eiav infected horses. termination of viremia is the result of specific immune responses. recurrences of viremia are associated with antigenic variation of neutralization-sensitive epitopes. immunosuppression experiments indicate that the eventual control of eiav and development of carriers is mediated by the immune system. even though the immune response to eiav has a protective effect, immune responses also ... | 1990 | 2178127 |
| the viral hypothesis of alzheimer's disease. absence of antibodies to lentiviruses. | to evaluate the possible role of lentiviruses in alzheimer's disease we searched for cross-reactive antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and equine infectious anemia virus in alzheimer's disease, down's syndrome, and related dementing illnesses in serum samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples and in healthy age-matched control subjects. no cross-reactive antibodies were detected. | 1990 | 2302089 |
| structure and expression of the equine infectious anemia virus transcriptional trans-activator (tat). | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) encodes a tat gene which is closely related to the trans-activators encoded by the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis of eiav cdna clones revealed that the tat message is composed of three exons; the first two encode tat and the third may encode rev.. interestingly, eiav tat translation is initiated at a non-aug codon in the first exon of the message, perhaps allowing an additional level of gene regulation. the deduced am ... | 1990 | 2178129 |
| equine infectious anemia virus tat: insights into the structure, function, and evolution of lentivirus trans-activator proteins. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) contains a tat gene which is closely related to the trans-activator genes of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. nucleotide sequence analysis of eiav cdna clones revealed that the tat mrna is composed of three exons; the first two encode tat and the third may encode a rev protein. interestingly, eiav tat translation is initiated at a non-aug codon in exon 1 of the mrna, perhaps allowing an additional level of gene regulation. the deduced amino aci ... | 1990 | 2157047 |
| comparison of diagnostic tests for the detection of equine infectious anemia antibody. | two diagnostic tests are approved for detecting antibody to equine infectious anemia virus: the agar-gel immunodiffusion (agid) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a total of 420 sera from national veterinary services laboratories check sets were tested with the agid and competitive elisa. a 100% correlation was obtained. the agid and competitive elisa were further used to test difficult samples with low levels of equine infectious anemia antibody (weak positives) ... | 1989 | 2562211 |
| analysis of antibody reactivities in elisa using protein blots as antigen substrates: s-elisa. | we describe here a novel immunoassay procedure, designated strip-elisa (s-elisa), in which specific antigens are purified by sds-page, transferred to support membranes, and utilized in situ as substrate in routine elisa procedures. using two different lentivirus systems, simian immunodeficiency virus and equine infectious anemia virus, we demonstrate the utility of s-elisa for screening hybridoma supernatants during production of monoclonal antibodies and for the dissection of polyclonal antibod ... | 1990 | 2157766 |
| the visna virus genome: evidence for a hypervariable site in the env gene and sequence homology among lentivirus envelope proteins. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the visna virus 1514 genome was determined. our sequence confirms the relationship of visna virus and other lentiviruses to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) both at the level of sequence homology and of genomic organization. sequence homology is shown to extend to the transmembrane proteins of lentivirus env genes; this homology is strongest in the extracellular domain, suggesting that close structural and functional similarities may also exist among these e ... | 1987 | 2824836 |
| localization of sequences responsible for trans-activation of the equine infectious anemia virus long terminal repeat. | we used the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) to study sequences that influence expression of the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) genome. the eiav long terminal repeat (ltr) directed cat activity in a canine cell line, but at levels much lower than those achieved with other eucaryotic viral promoters. in the same cells infected with eiav or cotransfected with molecularly cloned eiav genomic dna, ltr-directed activity was markedly enhanced. comparison of cat mrna ... | 1988 | 2824840 |
| antigenic variation and lentivirus persistence: variations in envelope gene sequences during eiav infection resemble changes reported for sequential isolates of hiv. | the extent and nature of genomic variation among nine antigenically distinct eiav isolates recovered during sequential clinical episodes from two experimentally infected ponies were examined by restriction fragment analysis and nucleotide sequencing. only minor variations in restriction enzyme patterns were observed among the viral genomes. in contrast, env gene sequences of four isolates from one pony revealed numerous clustered base substitutions. divergence in env gene nucleotide and deduced ... | 1987 | 2825406 |
| identification of sequences encoding the equine infectious anemia virus tat gene. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), a lentivirus, encodes a trans-activator (tat) which stimulates gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat (ltr). this function has been previously shown by us and others to be encoded by sequences within the middle region of the eiav genome in which two short open reading frames, s1 and s2, reside. in the present study, by using in vitro mutagenesis, we show that disruption of s1, but not s2, completely abolished trans-activation. addition o ... | 1990 | 2158694 |
| rapid detection of viral-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | the development of three separate rapid elisas for detecting antibodies in host serum to three different viruses is described. these include: 1. a direct antigen assay using enzyme labelled anti-canine ig for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus, 2. a competitive elisa using a feline infectious peritonitis virus-specific monoclonal antibody labelled with enzyme, and 3. a competitive elisa using an equine infectious anemia virus-specific monoclonal antibody and enzyme labelled antigen, p. 26 ... | 1987 | 2829416 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii: immunologic characterization and primary structure analysis of the major internal protein, p24. | the major internal structural protein of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), a virus etiologically implicated in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), was purified to homogeneity. this 24,000-molecular-weight protein (p24) was shown to lack immunologic cross-reacting antigenic determinants shared by other known retroviruses, including htlv-i and htlv-ii, with the exception of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). a broadly reactive competition immunoassay was developed in ... | 1985 | 2410630 |
| cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding equine infectious anemia virus tat and putative rev proteins. | we isolated and characterized six cdna clones from an equine infectious anemia virus-infected cell line that displays a rev-defective phenotype. with the exception of one splice site in one of the clones, all six cdnas exhibited the same splicing pattern and consisted of four exons. exon 1 contained the 5' end of the genome; exon 2 contained the tat gene from mid-genome; exon 3 consisted of a small section of env, near the 5' end of the env gene; and exon 4 contained the putative rev open readin ... | 1990 | 2164593 |
| antigenic variation in lentiviral diseases. | | 1988 | 2838047 |
| reversible staining and peptide mapping of proteins transferred to nitrocellulose after separation by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | we describe a staining technique, using ponceau s in very mild conditions, by which proteins can be visualized on nitrocellulose replicas without being permanently fixed to the membrane itself, thus allowing subsequent procedures such as immunoblotting or preparative elution of the proteins to be performed. this staining technique can detect 250 to 500 ng protein, which is essentially the same sensitivity seen for coomassie blue staining of proteins on nitrocellulose. the ponceau s staining tech ... | 1986 | 2429581 |
| synthesis and processing of the transmembrane envelope protein of equine infectious anemia virus. | the transmembrane (tm) envelope protein of lentiviruses, including equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), is significantly larger than that of other retroviruses and may extend in the c-terminal direction 100 to 200 amino acids beyond the tm domain. this size difference suggests a lentivirus-specific function for the long c-terminal extension. we have investigated the synthesis and processing of the eiav tm protein by immune precipitation and immunoblotting experiments, by using several envelope ... | 1990 | 2164597 |
| shedding and interspecies type sero-reactivity of the envelope glycopolypeptide gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus. | two glycopolypeptides with molecular weights 160,000 and 120,000 (gp120) are regularly recognized by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-specific antisera in lysates of cells persistently infected with hiv. in the present study, gp120 was characterized as the major envelope glycopolypeptide of hiv. gp120 was identified as the external viral glycoprotein by radiosequencing and by its presence in purified virus. however gp120 was predominantly shed as a soluble protein into the culture fluid. furth ... | 1986 | 2431105 |
| is scrapie prp 27-30 related to aids virus? | | 1987 | 2433599 |
| hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against equine infectious anemia virus. | a monoclonal anti-equine infectious anemia virus (anti-eiav) antibody (1b15) has been generated by fusion of x63 ag 8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice hypersensitized with viral antigen p29. ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis indicated that antibody 1b15 is of the igg class. the specificity of the immune reaction for p29 was confirmed by cross-over immunoelectrophoresis and disc-gel electrophoresis. mab 1b15 was used to devise a solid-phase 'capture' ria for eiav-p29 antigen. the ... | 1987 | 2435751 |
| the lentiviruses: maedi/visna, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, and equine infectious anemia. | | 1988 | 2843016 |
| a perspective on equine infectious anemia with an emphasis on vector transmission and genetic analysis. | | 1988 | 2847392 |
| a propagating epizootic of equine infectious anemia on a horse farm. | an epizootic of equine infectious anemia (eia) involved 35 horses on a farm in south georgia. during a 126-day period, 21 of these horses became seropositive for eia. after the initial diagnosis in july, the horses were tested every 7 to 10 days. at least one additional horse was found to be seropositive on each testing day. as soon as they were determined to be seropositive, the horses were removed from the herd and sent to slaughter. the removal of the seropositive horses, however, did not sto ... | 1988 | 2848789 |
| lav/htlv-iii gag gene product p24 shares antigenic determinants with equine infectious anemia virus but not with visna virus or caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. | antigenic cross-reactivity of the human acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome virus lav/htlv-iii with the lentiviruses visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (caev), and equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) was determined with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblot analysis, and virus-specific polyclonal antisera. nonreciprocal cross-reactivity was seen between the gag gene products p24 of lav/htlv-iii and p28 of eiav. reciprocal cross-reactivity was seen betwee ... | 1986 | 2438251 |
| prospective study of progeny of inapparent equine carriers of equine infectious anemia virus. | progeny of a band of horses, positive by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for equine infectious anemia (eia) antibody, were observed through their weaning over a 4-year period. sentinels (agid test-negative) were allowed to mingle with eia-infected mares and their foals in pasture situations in an area with high populations of potential vectors. of 27 adult sentinels, 8 (30%) seroconverted in annual rates ranging from 0% to 75%. in contrast, only 2 of 31 (6%) foals weaned became infected ... | 1985 | 2988379 |
| antigenic analysis of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) variants by using monoclonal antibodies: epitopes of glycoprotein gp90 of eiav stimulate neutralizing antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies produced against the prototype cell-adapted wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), a lentivirus, were studied for reactivity with the homologous prototype and 16 heterologous isolates. eighteen hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were isolated. western blot (immunoblot) analyses indicated that 10 were specific for the major envelope glycoprotein (gp90) and 8 for the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp45). four mabs specific to epitopes of gp90 neu ... | 1987 | 2442410 |
| role of the host immune response in selection of equine infectious anemia virus variants. | equine infectious anemia virus was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes collected during two early febrile cycles of an experimentally infected horse. rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses indicated that the nucleotide sequences of the isolates differed by approximately 0.25% and that the differences appeared randomly distributed throughout the genome. serum collected in the interval between virus isolations was able to distinguish the isolates by membrane immunofluorescen ... | 1987 | 2446008 |
| antigenic mapping of the envelope proteins of equine infectious anemia virus: identification of a neutralization domain and a conserved region on glycoprotein 90. | monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were used to dissect the antigenic sites of the surface glycoproteins of the prototype cell-adapted wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). serologic reactivities of these mcabs were determined by elisa, additive elisa, competitive elisa, and western blot assays. the results indicated that antigenic reactivity of gp90 was localized on at least four distinct epitopes, two of which were important in neutralization. our studies also revealed that these ... | 1988 | 2450529 |
| change in host cell tropism associated with in vitro replication of equine infectious anemia virus. | similar to other human and animal lentiviruses, equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) is detectable in vivo in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. owing to their short-lived nature, horse peripheral blood macrophage cultures (hmc) are rarely used for in vitro propagation of eiav, and equine dermal (ed) or kidney cell cultures, which can be repeatedly passed in vitro, are used in most studies. however, wild-type isolates of eiav will not grow in these cell types without extensive adaptation ... | 1989 | 2470916 |
| qualitative analyses of cellular immune functions in equine infectious anemia show homology with aids. | equine infectious anemia (eia) is a disease caused by a lymphocytotropic lentivirus which belongs to the same subfamily as hiv. because of the very close relationship of their predicted gag and pol gene products and similarities in clinical manifestations of the disease, eia served as a model to study immunological events involved in the host defence against lymphocytotropic viral infections. the existence of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous eia virus infected lym ... | 1989 | 2523215 |
| the persistent infection of a canine thymus cell line by equine infectious anaemia virus and preliminary data on the production of viral antigens. | equine infectious anaemia virus (eiav) was adapted to the cf2th cell line, a heterologous malignant line from canine thymus. a persistent infection was monitored for 100 serial passages by demonstrating the presence of virus and viral antigens at each 10th passage by electron-microscopy, immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence. chromosome analysis of eiav-infected cells indicated they had a karyotype resembling the control cells of similar passage history. virus-infected cells, grown in roller cu ... | 1986 | 3018020 |
| the preparation and biochemical characterization of intact capsids of equine infectious anemia virus. | capsids of equine infectious anemia virus have been isolated as cone-shaped particles 60 x 120 nm in size. detergent treatment of whole virus followed by two cycles of rate-zonal centrifugation in ficoll produces these capsids in a yield of approximately 10%. the major protein components are the gag-encoded p11 nucleocapsid protein and p26 capsid protein, which are present in equimolar amounts. substantial cleavage of p11 to p6 and p4 can be observed under conditions where the viral protease pac ... | 1989 | 2541703 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional activity of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal repeat. | caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (caev) and visna virus are pathogenic lentiviruses of goats and sheep which share morphologic features and sequence homology with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii), the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. the nucleotide sequence of the caev long terminal repeat (ltr) was determined, and it was found to be 450 base pairs long, with u3, r, and u5 regions of 287, 85, and 78 base pairs, respectively. portions of the caev ... | 1986 | 3021973 |
| isolation of a lentivirus from a macaque with lymphoma: comparison with htlv-iii/lav and other lentiviruses. | a retrovirus has been isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma in 1982 at the university of washington primate center. this isolate, designated mniv (wprc-1) (m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus, washington primate research center) shows the characteristic morphology of a lentivirus and replicates to high titers in various lymphocyte lines of human and primate origin. sodium d ... | 1986 | 3021982 |
| topoisomerase i activity associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) particles and equine infectious anemia virus core. | in the present study, we found a topoisomerase i (topo i) activity in two strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) particles. the topo i activity was located in the eiav cores and differed from the cellular topo i in its ionic requirements and response to atp, indicating that these were two distinct forms of this enzyme. topo i activity was removed from the viral lysates and viral cores by anti-topo i antiserum. the only protein recognized ... | 1990 | 2174357 |
| chemical and immunological characterizations of equine infectious anemia virus gag-encoded proteins. | the viral core proteins (p15, p26, p11, and p9) of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) (wyoming strain) were purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. each purified protein was analyzed for amino acid content, n-terminal amino acid sequence, c-terminal amino acid sequence, and phosphoamino acid content. the results of n- and c-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of each gag protein, taken together with the nucleotide sequence of the eiav gag gene (r. m. stephens, j. w. c ... | 1987 | 3029406 |
| development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine infectious anemia virus detection using recombinant pr55gag. | to provide more sensitive and convenient methods for the detection of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing the eiav gag precursor (pr55gag) produced by using recombinant dna techniques. the antigenic reactivity of the recombinant eiav pr55gag was found to be equivalent to that of the virion p24gag and elicited high-titered antiserum in rabbits. when a large number of horse sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to e ... | 1989 | 2546970 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) (formerly feline t-lymphotropic lentivirus or ftlv) was first isolated from a group of cats in petaluma, california in 1986. the virus is a typical lentivirus in gross and structural morphology. it replicates preferentially but not exclusively in feline t-lymphoblastoid cells, where it causes a characteristic cytopathic effect. the major structural proteins are 10, 17 (small gag), 28 (major core), 31 (endonuclease?), 41 (transmembrane?), 52 (core precursor pol ... | 1989 | 2549690 |
| complement-mediated hemolysis of horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus. | horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus hemagglutinin were found to be lysed after incubation with fresh horse serum at 37 degrees c. fresh guinea pig serum induced more efficient hemolysis than horse serum. direct immunofluorescence test revealed the adsorption of complement factors on the surface of the erythrocytes. calcium and magnesium ions were necessary for the hemolysis to take place. antibody against equine infectious anemia virus enhanced the virus-induced comple ... | 1987 | 3036045 |
| phagocytosis of horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus by cultivated horse leukocytes. | horse erythrocytes treated with equine infectious anemia virus hemagglutinin were phagocytized by cultivated horse leukocytes (mainly macrophage-like cells and partly polymorphonuclear cells) after incubation with fresh horse serum but not with inactivated horse serum. the phagocytosis began as soon as the erythrocytes were added to the leukocyte cultures, and the majority of the reaction proceeded within 30 minutes. addition of antiserum showed a slightly suppressing but no enhancing effect on ... | 1987 | 3036046 |
| analysis of regulatory elements of the equine infectious anemia virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus long terminal repeats. | we analyzed the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) long terminal repeat (ltr) for sequences that influence its promoter activity and ability to be trans-activated by the eiav tat gene product. a series of ltr deletion mutants and recombinants between ltr and simian virus 40 (sv40) regulatory sequences were used for these studies. we were able to identify the eiav promoter region and showed that sequences within the u3 region significantly inhibited ltr-directed transcription. however, when pl ... | 1989 | 2552171 |
| studies on viral-induced anemia in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. | | 1988 | 3386089 |
| localization of conserved and variable antigenic domains of equine infectious anemia virus envelope glycoproteins using recombinant env-encoded protein fragments produced in escherichia coli. | previous characterizations of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) glycoprotein variation by dna sequence analysis and epitope mapping using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have revealed the presence of conserved and variable regions within the eiav env gene. to extend these studies, fragments of the eiav envelope proteins gp90 and gp45 were expressed in escherichia coli and used in western blot analysis with a diverse panel of equine immune sera to identify antigenic segments. all sera from eiav- ... | 1989 | 2552661 |
| viral dna in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. | the amount and distribution of viral dna were established in a horse acutely infected with the wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). the highest concentration of viral dna were found in the liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. the kidney, choroid plexus, and peripheral blood leukocytes also contained viral dna, but at a lower level. it is estimated that at day 16 postinoculation, almost all of the viral dna was located in the tissues, with the liver alone containing ab ... | 1989 | 2555550 |
| progress in vaccines against aids. | | 1989 | 2555922 |
| cross-neutralizing and subclass characteristics of antibody from horses with equine infectious anemia virus. | antibody responses in horses with equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) were examined to determine their cross-neutralizing capacity. antibodies induced by infection with any of six biologically cloned variants of eiav cross-neutralized multiple variants from the group. anti-eiav antibody was found in both the igg and igg(t) subclasses in plasmas with virus-neutralizing activity and the majority of antiviral antibody was of the igg(t) subclass. depletion of igg(t) did not increase the neutraliza ... | 1989 | 2559537 |
| antigenic drift of equine infectious anemia virus in chronically infected horses. | | 1973 | 4123810 |
| preparation of equine infectious anemia antigens for diagnosis. | | 1973 | 4128832 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses. | we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious proviral molecular clone (fiv-14) of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). fiv-14 has a genome organization similar in complexity to other lentiviruses. in addition to three large open reading frames representing the gag, pol, and env genes, at least four small open reading frames are present in the pol-env intergenic, env, and env-3' long terminal repeat regions. nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence alignments of the fiv c ... | 1989 | 2813380 |
| bloodmeal residues on mouthparts of tabanus fuscicostatus (diptera: tabanidae) and the potential for mechanical transmission of pathogens. | | 1987 | 2826787 |
| physicochemical studies of equine infectionus anemia virus. 3. purification and electron microscopic observation of the virus. | | 1969 | 4195623 |
| electron microscopic observations of equine infectious anemia (eia) virus in cultivated horse leukocytes. (brief report). | | 1969 | 4195626 |
| [study of precipitogens of equine infectious anemia virus]. | | 1973 | 4198632 |
| equine infectious anemia. new problems. | | 1966 | 4288554 |
| [infectious anemia of horses. questions and answers on infectious anemia of horses]. | | 1966 | 4290778 |
| complement fixation test of equine infectious anemia. i. specificity of the test. | | 1966 | 4292231 |
| complement fixation test of equine infectious anemia. ii. relationship between cf antibody response and the disease. | | 1966 | 4292232 |
| serial passages of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture. | | 1967 | 4293211 |
| physicochemical studies on equine infectious anemia virus. examination of purification methods. | | 1967 | 4293212 |
| pathological studies on bone marrow in equine infectious anemia. i. macroscopical findings on whole longitudinal sections of bone marrow. | | 1967 | 4293213 |
| propagation and titration of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture. | | 1967 | 4293214 |
| pathological studies on bone marrow in equine infectious anemia. ii. histopathology of vertebral, sternal and femoral bone marrow. | | 1967 | 4294929 |
| equine infectious anemia occurring in hokkaido, japan--its histopathology and a critical view of the occurrence and diagnosis of this disease. | | 1967 | 4294930 |
| specificity of assay of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte culture. | | 1967 | 4295385 |
| gas chromatographic detection of in vivo activity of equine infectious anaemia virus. | | 1968 | 4298814 |
| [the development of petechial hemorrhages on the under-surface of the tongue in the horse and its relation to infection with the virus of equine infectious anemia]. | | 1967 | 4299474 |
| [myocardium infarct in horses with infectious anemia]. | | 1968 | 4300496 |
| behavior of equine infectious anemia virus in cell culture and development of a diagnostic test for the disease. | | 1968 | 4302685 |
| enzymes of equine erythrocytes: changes during equine infectious anemia. | | 1969 | 4304330 |
| antigenic variation of equine infectious anemia virus as detected by virus neutralization. brief report. | the antigenic structure of 16 viruses isolated from four horses which were inoculated with a clone of equine infectious anemia (eia) virus was compared by the neutralization test. the antigenic structure of viruses isolated after development of neutralizing antibody differed from virus to virus. back mutation of the antigenic structure was also demonstrated by serial passage of the virus in horses. these results suggest that eia virus is subject to multidirectional antigenic variation. the possi ... | 1988 | 2829799 |
| lentivirus antigen purification and characterization: isolation of equine infectious anemia virus gag and env proteins in one step by reverse phase hplc and application to human immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins. | we describe here a one step hplc technique for purifying the four gag proteins (p26, p15, p11 and p9) and two env glycoproteins (gp90 and gp45) from purified equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), a member of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses. the purification procedure employs a reverse-phase phenyl radial-pak cartridge contained in a high pressure radial compression chamber in which a shallow, multistep acetonitrile gradient is applied at ambient temperatures. the purified proteins are ... | 1988 | 2836462 |
| characteristics of the complement-fixing antigen of equine infectious anemia virus. | | 1968 | 4305805 |
| [outbreak of infectious anemia among horses on a farm--an epidemiological experiment]. | | 1967 | 4306358 |
| physicochemical studies of equine infectious anemia virus. i. buoyant density of the virus. | | 1969 | 4306374 |
| physicochemical studies of equine infectious anemia virus. ii. sensitivity of the virus to trypsin. | | 1969 | 4306375 |
| viremia and immunological responses in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. | | 1969 | 4306393 |
| attempts to cultivate the equine infectious anemia virus in various types of cells. | | 1968 | 4307837 |
| electron microscopy of equine infectious anemia virus. | equine infectious anemia (eia) virus was observed in thin sections of infected cultured horse leukocytes by electron microscopy. the virus particles had a spherical shape and were between 80 and 120 nm in diameter. most of them contained an electron-dense nucleoid 40 to 60 nm in diameter. they were observed to form by a process of budding from the plasma membrane and appeared to have thin surface projections. the particles described were not detected in uninfected cultured cells, and their appea ... | 1969 | 4311413 |
| growth characteristics of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte cultures. brief report. | | 1970 | 4318580 |
| growth of the equine infectious anemia virus in a continuous-passage horse leukocyte culture. | | 1970 | 4319261 |
| [animal viral anemia: equine infectious anemia]. | | 1970 | 4320458 |
| changes in pathogenicity of equine infectious anemia virus during passages in horse leukocyte cultures. | | 1970 | 4320651 |
| immunization of horses against equine infectious anemia (eia) with an attenuated eia virus. | | 1970 | 4320652 |
| physicochemical studies of equine infectious anemia virus. iv. determination of the nucleic acid type in the virus. | | 1970 | 4321449 |
| immunofluorescent localization of equine infectious anemia virus in tissue. | | 1971 | 4322275 |
| growth of equine infectious anemia in a new cell system. | | 1969 | 4323215 |
| [indication of virus of equine infectious anemia]. | | 1970 | 4324050 |
| cis- and trans-acting regulation of gene expression of equine infectious anemia virus. | deletion analysis of the equine infectious anemia virus long terminal repeat revealed that sequences responsive to virus-specific transactivation are located within the region spanning the transcriptional start site (-31 to +22). in addition, an active exon of a trans-acting factor (tat) was identified downstream of pol and overlapping env (nucleotides 5264 to 5461). activation by tat is accompanied by an increase in the steady-state levels of mrna directed by the equine infectious anemia virus ... | 1988 | 2841502 |
| [cultivation of equine infectious anemia virus]. | | 1970 | 4325782 |