| plasticity in mrna expression and localization of orthodenticle within higher diptera. | orthodenticle (otd) genes are found throughout the animal kingdom and encode well-studied homeodomain transcription factors that share conserved functions in cephalization, head segmentation, brain patterning, and the differentiation of photoreceptors. otd proteins have been proposed as ancestral key players in anterior determination despite a high level of variation in gene expression at early developmental stages: otd is expressed strictly zygotically in the dipteran drosophila melanogaster, w ... | 2008 | 19021740 |
| structure of the tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit tert. | a common hallmark of human cancers is the overexpression of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that is responsible for maintaining the length and integrity of chromosome ends. telomere length deregulation and telomerase activation is an early, and perhaps necessary, step in cancer cell evolution. here we present the high-resolution structure of the tribolium castaneum catalytic subunit of telomerase, tert. the protein consists of three highly conserved domains, organized into a ring-like st ... | 2008 | 18758444 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa protoxin and protease inhibitors against coleopteran storage pests. | environmental impacts and resistance to insecticides pose serious challenges to stored-product insect and other types of pest control. insect-resistant transgenic grain is a potential alternative to fumigants, but candidate control proteins are needed, especially for coleopterans. therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of a coleopteran-active toxin, bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa, with or without protease inhibitors, in laboratory feeding assays against coleopteran storage pests. | 2011 | 21268232 |
| infestation and population dynamics of insects on stored cassava and yams chips in benin, west africa. | natural insect infestation in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz subspecies esculenta) and yam (dioscorea spp.) chips was evaluated during two consecutive storage seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) in two agroecological zones of benin (northern guinea savanna [ngs] and sudan savanna [ss]). the insects infesting chips were collected, identified, and counted, they included prostephanus truncatus (horn) (coleoptera: bostrychidae), cathartus quadricollis (guerin) (coleoptera: silvanidae), carpophilus ... | 2008 | 19133481 |
| comparative and functional genomics of lipases in holometabolous insects. | lipases have key roles in insect lipid acquisition, storage and mobilisation and are also fundamental to many physiological processes underpinning insect reproduction, development, defence from pathogens and oxidative stress, and pheromone signalling. we have screened the recently sequenced genomes of five species from four orders of holometabolous insects, the dipterans drosophila melanogaster and anopheles gambiae, the hymenopteran apis mellifera, the moth bombyx mori and the beetle tribolium ... | 2009 | 19540341 |
| antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies on indigofera gerardiana. | the antibacterial, antifungal, acute cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity and insecticidal profile of the crude extract and various fractions of indigofera gerardiana have been studied. six bacterial and fungal strains were used, of which samonella typhi and microsporum canis were the most susceptible strains with mics 0.37 mg/ml and 0.09 mg/ml, respectively. the crude extract and the fractions showed low insecticidal activity against sitophilus oryzae, rhyzopertha dominica and callosbruchus analis but n ... | 2009 | 18825532 |
| comparative genomic analysis of chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito (anopheles gambiae). | chitinase is an important enzyme responsible for chitin metabolism in a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeasts and other fungi, nematodes and arthropods. however, current knowledge on chitinolytic enzymes, especially their structures, functions and regulation is very limited. in this study we have identified 20 chitinase and chitinase-like genes in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, through genome-wide searching and transcript profiling. we assigned these genes into eig ... | 2011 | 21611131 |
| a genome-wide analysis of genes and gene families involved in innate immunity of bombyx mori. | a genome-wide analysis of innate immunity-related genes and gene families was conducted using the silkworm, bombyx mori. we identified orthologs for a large number of genes involved in insect immunity that have been reported from drosophila melanogaster (diptera), anopheles gambiae (diptera), apis mellifera (hymenoptera) and tribolium castaneum (coleoptera). b. mori has a unique recognition gene and antimicrobial peptide genes that are not present in the drosophila, anopheles, apis and tribolium ... | 2008 | 18835443 |
| effect of spinosad on adults of tribolium castaneum (col: tenebrionidae) and sitophilus oryzae (col: curculionidae). | toxicity of spinosad on adults of tribolium castaneum herbst (col: tenebrionidae) and sitophilus oryzae l. (col: curculionidae) at different temperatures and exposure intervals was evaluated. a commercial formulation of spinosad, tracer was used, against 7-14-day-old adults of rice weevil and red flour beetle. bioassays were conducted at 24, 28 and 32 degrees c and 65+/-5% rh. mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. spinosad was diluted with water for making appropriate dosages ... | 2007 | 19070123 |
| Kinetic properties of alternatively spliced isoforms of laccase-2 from Tribolium castaneum and Anopheles gambiae. | Laccase-2 is a highly conserved multicopper oxidase that functions in insect cuticle pigmentation and tanning. In many species, alternative splicing gives rise to two laccase-2 isoforms. A comparison of laccase-2 sequences from three orders of insects revealed eleven positions at which there are conserved differences between the A and B isoforms. Homology modeling suggested that these eleven residues are not part of the substrate binding pocket. To determine whether the isoforms have different k ... | 2011 | 22198355 |
| genes encoding phospholipases a2 mediate insect nodulation reactions to bacterial challenge. | we propose that expression of four genes encoding secretory phospholipases a(2) (spla(2)) mediates insect nodulation responses to bacterial infection. nodulation is the quantitatively predominant cellular defense reaction to bacterial infection. this reaction is mediated by eicosanoids, the biosynthesis of which depends on pla(2)-catalyzed hydrolysis of arachidonic acid (aa) from cellular phospholipids. injecting late instar larvae of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, with the bacterium ... | 2010 | 19931277 |
| Juvenile Hormone Regulates Vitellogenin Gene Expression through Insulin-like Peptide Signaling Pathway in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum. | Our recent studies identified juvenile hormone (JH) and nutrition as the two key signals that regulate vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Juvenile hormone regulation of Vg synthesis has been known for a long time in several insects, but the mechanism of JH action is not known. Experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of action of these two signals in regulation of Vg gene expression. Injection of bovine insulin or FOXO double-stranded RNA ... | 2011 | 22002054 |
| pathogen-origin horizontally transferred genes contribute to the evolution of lepidopteran insects. | abstract: | 2011 | 22151541 |
| synthesis of novel quinoxalinone derivatives by conventional and microwave methods and assessing their biological activity. | in this study, twenty-one arylaminoquinoxalinone derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against staphylococci aureus, pseudomonas aureus, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi, and shigella pneumoniae were evaluated relative to known antibiotics; augmentin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. the insecticidal activities of the prepared compounds were also investigated against tribolium castaneum using permethrin as a standard insecticide. the derivatives wer ... | 2011 | 22076760 |
| conservation of enhancer location in divergent insects. | dorsoventral (dv) patterning of the drosophila embryo is controlled by a concentration gradient of dorsal, a sequence-specific transcription factor related to mammalian nf-kappab. the dorsal gradient generates at least 3 distinct thresholds of gene activity and tissue specification by the differential regulation of target enhancers containing distinctive combinations of binding sites for dorsal, twist, snail, and other dv determinants. to understand the evolution of dv patterning mechanisms, we ... | 2009 | 19666595 |
| evaluation of quantitative pcr reference genes for gene expression studies in tribolium castaneum after fungal challenge. | to investigate gene expression in tribolium castaneum exposed to beauveria bassiana, reference genes for qpcr were evaluated. of these, beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, and rps6 were not stable. the most stable were ribosomal protein genes, rps3, rps18, and rpl13a. syntaxin1, syntaxin6, and e-cadherin may be appropriate for some experimental systems. | 2010 | 20026205 |
| toxicity of the essential oil of illicium difengpi stem bark and its constituent compounds towards two grain storage insects. | abstract during our screening program for new agrochemicals from chinese medicinal herbs, the essential oil of illicium difengpi stem bark was found to possess strong insecticidal activities against the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) (coleoptera: curculionidae) and red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum herbst (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). a total of 37 components of the essential oil of i. difengpi were identified. the main components of the essential oil were safrole (23.61%), ... | 2011 | 22236213 |
| the phylogenetic distribution of non-ctcf insulator proteins is limited to insects and reveals that beaf-32 is drosophila lineage specific. | chromatin insulators are dna sequences found in eukaryotes that may organize genomes into chromatin domains by blocking enhancer-promoter interactions and preventing heterochromatin spreading. considering that insulators play important roles in organizing higher order chromatin structure and modulating gene expression, very little is known about their phylogenetic distribution. to date, six insulators and their associated proteins have been characterized, including su(hw), zw5, ctcf, gaf, mod(md ... | 2010 | 20024537 |
| evaluation of cymbopogon martinii oil extract for control of postharvest insect deterioration in cereals and legumes. | the essential oil of cymbopogon martinii was tested for its potency as a botanical pesticide to protect stored wheat (triticum aestivum) and gram (garbanzo bean, cicer arietinum) from insect infestation. the c. martinii oil was potent as a fumigant in stored gram. the oil was an effective repellent against the beetles callosobruchus chinensis and tribolium castaneum. geraniol, the major component of the oil, was not as effective as the oil itself. c. martinii oil significantly affected ovipositi ... | 2007 | 17265877 |
| biochemical characteristics of immune-associated phospholipase a(2) and its inhibition by an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila. | an entomopathogenic bacterium, xenorhabdus nematophila, induces an immunosuppression of target insects by inhibiting phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) activity. recently, an immune-associated pla(2) gene was identified from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. this study cloned this pla(2) gene in a bacterial expression vector to produce a recombinant enzyme. the recombinant t. castaneum pla(2) (tcpla(2)) exhibited its characteristic enzyme activity with substrate concentration, ph, and ambient ... | 2010 | 20127473 |
| enhanced efficacy of beauveria bassiana for red flour beetle with reduced moisture. | red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), is a major pest of stored and processed grains that is tolerant of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin under most conditions. laboratory assays demonstrated that desiccating conditions improved the efficacy of the fungus. for t. castaneum larvae exposed to b. bassiana at different vapor pressure deficits (vpds), the lc50 potency ratios were 2.3 for 2.42 kpa and 3.9 for 3.31 kpa compared with 1.06 kpa. there were significant effects of moisture o ... | 2007 | 17849853 |
| molecular characters and expression analysis of the gene encoding eclosion hormone from the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis. | using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), the cdna encoding eclosion hormone (eh) was cloned from the brain of ostrinia furnacalis. the full osf-eh cdna is 986 bp and contains a 267 bp open reading frame encoding an 88 amino acid preprohormone, which including a hydrophobic 26 amino acid signal peptide and a 62 amino acid mature peptide. the mature osf-eh shows high identity with manduca sexta (95.2%), helicoverpa armigera (91.9%) and bombyx mori (85.5%), but low identify with tribolium cas ... | 2008 | 17852339 |
| effects of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat or maize on four stored-grain insects. | the effect of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat, triticum aestivum l., or maize, zea mays l., was evaluated against adults of four stored-product insect species: lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (coleoptera: bostrichidae); rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae); red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae); and the psocid lepinotus reticulatus (enderlein) (psocoptera: trogiidae). adult mortality of these species was reco ... | 2010 | 20214387 |
| spread of phosphine resistance among brazilian populations of three species of stored product insects. | the resistance to fumigant insecticides in stored-products insects is often recorded. several factors influence the evolution of insecticide resistance. among these, the frequency of applications and the migration of resistant populations are of primary importance for the stored-product insects. the aim of this study was to characterize the spectrum and investigate the status of phosphine resistance in brazil, in 13 populations of the coleoptera tribolium castaneum herbst (tenebrionidae), ten po ... | 2010 | 20305905 |
| a novel viral responsive protein is involved in hemocyte homeostasis in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | a novel viral responsive protein, namely hemocyte homeostasis-associated protein (hhap), was characterized for its role in the response of shrimp to white spot syndrome virus infection. the full-length cdnas of hhap from the black tiger shrimp (pmhhap), penaeus monodon, and the fresh water crayfish (plhhap), pacifastacus leniusculus, were obtained and showed high sequence identity to a hypothetical protein from various organisms, with the highest identity to the hypothetical protein tcasga2_tc00 ... | 2010 | 20444692 |
| a soluble pyrophosphatase is essential to oogenesis and is required for polyphosphate metabolism in the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). | polyphosphates have been found in all cell types examined to date and play diverse roles depending on the cell type. in eukaryotic organisms, polyphosphates have been mainly investigated in mammalian cells with few studies on insects. some studies have demonstrated that a pyrophosphatase regulates polyphosphate metabolism, and most of them were performed on trypanosomatids. here, we investigated the effects of sppase gene knocked down in oogenesis and polyphosphate metabolism in the red flour be ... | 2015 | 25811926 |
| hyperexpression of the x chromosome in both sexes results in extensive female bias of x-linked genes in the flour beetle. | a genome's ability to produce two separate sexually dimorphic phenotypes is an intriguing biological mystery. microarray-based studies of a handful of model systems suggest that much of the mystery can be explained by sex-biased gene expression evolved in response to sexually antagonistic selection. we present the first whole-genome study of sex-biased expression in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. tribolium is a model for the largest eukaryotic order, coleoptera, and we show that in w ... | 2010 | 20624738 |
| infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis. | pathogens can infect their hosts through different routes. for studying the consequences for host resistance, we here used the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis and the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum for oral and systemic (i. e. pricking the cuticle) experimental infection. in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underpinning the two different infection routes, the transcriptomes of beetles of two different t. castaneum populations--one recently collected population (cro1) an ... | 2014 | 24908078 |
| bhlh-pas family transcription factor methoprene-tolerant plays a key role in jh action in preventing the premature development of adult structures during larval-pupal metamorphosis. | the biological actions of juvenile hormones are well studied; they regulate almost all aspects of an insect's life. however, the molecular actions of these hormones are not well understood. recent studies in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, demonstrated the utility of this insect as a model system to study jh action. these studies confirmed that the bhlh-pas family transcription factor, methoprene-tolerant (tcmet,) plays a key role in jh action during larval stages. in this study, we i ... | 2008 | 18450431 |
| genomic and proteomic studies on the effects of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron in the model beetle species tribolium castaneum. | several benzoylphenyl urea-derived insecticides such as diflubenzuron (dfb, dimilin) are in wide use to control various insect pests. although this class of compounds is known to disrupt molting and to affect chitin content, their precise mode of action is still not understood. to gain a broader insight into the mechanism underlying the insecticidal effects of benzoylphenyl urea compounds, we conducted a comprehensive study with the model beetle species and stored product pest tribolium castaneu ... | 2011 | 22212827 |
| molecular and functional analyses of amino acid decarboxylases involved in cuticle tanning in tribolium castaneum. | aspartate 1-decarboxylase (adc) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (ddc) provide beta-alanine and dopamine used in insect cuticle tanning. beta-alanine is conjugated with dopamine to yield n-beta-alanyldopamine (nbad), a substrate for the phenol oxidase laccase that catalyzes the synthesis of cuticle protein cross-linking agents and pigment precursors. we identified adc and ddc genes in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (tc), and investigated their functions. tcadc mrna was mos ... | 2009 | 19366687 |
| evolutionary conservation of amino acid composition in paralogous insect vitellogenins. | comparison of paralogous vitellogenins in 10 insect species representing six orders showed a remarkable degree of conservation of amino acid composition in spite of sequence differences. for example, the correlation between the percentages of the 20 amino acids in two vitellogenins from the beetle tribolium castaneum was 0.975, even though the two amino acid sequences differed from each other at 49.4% of sites. there was a positive correlation between the frequency of occurrence of reciprocal pa ... | 2010 | 20655995 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of odorant reception genes in the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens. | the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens leconte (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), is a destructive invasive pest of conifers which has become the second most important forest pest nationwide in china. dendroctonus valens is known to use host odors and aggregation pheromones, as well as non-host volatiles, in host location and mass-attack modulation, and thus antennal olfaction is of the utmost importance for the beetles' survival and fitness. however, information on the genes ... | 2015 | 25938508 |
| multispecies analysis of expression pattern diversification in the recently expanded insect ly6 gene family. | gene families often consist of members with diverse expression domains reflecting their functions in a wide variety of tissues. however, how the expression of individual members, and thus their tissue-specific functions, diversified during the course of gene family expansion is not well understood. in this study, we approached this question through the analysis of the duplication history and transcriptional evolution of a rapidly expanding subfamily of insect ly6 genes. we analyzed different ins ... | 2015 | 25743545 |
| calponin-like chd64 is partly disordered. | 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) and juvenile hormone (jh) signaling pathways interact to regulate insect development. recently, two proteins, a calponin-like chd64 and immunophilin fkbp39 have been found to play a pivotal role in the cross-talk between 20e and jh, although the molecular basis of interaction remains unknown. the aim of this work was to identify the structural features that would provide understanding of the role of chd64 in multiple and dynamic complex that cross-links the signaling pat ... | 2014 | 24805353 |
| genome organization, phylogenies, expression patterns, and three-dimensional protein models of two acetylcholinesterase genes from the red flour beetle. | since the report of a paralogous acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec3.1.1.7) gene in the greenbug (schizaphis graminum) in 2002, two different ache genes (ace1 and ace2) have been identified in each of at least 27 insect species. however, the gene models of ace1 and ace2, and their molecular properties have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in any insect species. in this study, we sequenced the full-length cdnas, computationally predicted the corresponding three-dimensional protein models, and pr ... | 2012 | 22359679 |
| transcriptome analysis in cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) and rna interference in insect pests. | cotton plants are subjected to the attack of several insect pests. in brazil, the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis, is the most important cotton pest. the use of insecticidal proteins and gene silencing by interference rna (rnai) as techniques for insect control are promising strategies, which has been applied in the last few years. for this insect, there are not much available molecular information on databases. using 454-pyrosequencing methodology, the transcriptome of all developmental ... | 2013 | 24386449 |
| two conserved z9-octadecanoic acid desaturases in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | z9 desaturases catalyse the formation of a cis-unsaturated bond in the δ9 position of the saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate. they are considered essential enzymes in eukaryotic organisms as their z9 unsaturated fatty acid products are required for homeostatic roles such as maintenance of membrane fluidity. two putative z9 acyl coenzyme-a desaturase genes were identified in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, genome (tcasz9desa and b) based on their similarity to acyl coa-desatu ... | 2010 | 20709164 |
| cholinergic and non-cholinergic functions of two acetylcholinesterase genes revealed by gene-silencing in tribolium castaneum. | we compared biological functions of two acetylcholinesterase genes (tcace1 and tcace2) in tribolium castaneum, a globally distributed major pest of stored grain products and an emerging model organism, by using rna interference. although both genes expressed at all developmental stages and mainly in the brain, the transcript level of tcace1 was 1.2- to 8.7-fold higher than that of tcace2, depending on developmental stages. silencing tcace1 in 20-day larvae led to 100% mortality within two weeks ... | 2012 | 22371826 |
| knickkopf protein protects and organizes chitin in the newly synthesized insect exoskeleton. | during each molting cycle of insect development, synthesis of new cuticle occurs concurrently with the partial degradation of the overlying old exoskeleton. protection of the newly synthesized cuticle from molting fluid enzymes has long been attributed to the presence of an impermeable envelope layer that was thought to serve as a physical barrier, preventing molting fluid enzymes from accessing the new cuticle and thereby ensuring selective degradation of only the old one. in this study, using ... | 2011 | 21930896 |
| molecular analysis of nutritional and hormonal regulation of female reproduction in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | female reproduction includes maturation of oocytes and the synthesis of yolk proteins (vitellogenin, vg) in the fat body and their deposition into the oocytes. our recent studies showed that juvenile hormone (jh) regulates vg synthesis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) regulates oocyte maturation in the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). here, we report on the role of nutritional signaling on vitellogenesis and oogenesis. comparison of gene expression between fed and starved beetles by microarra ... | 2011 | 21288489 |
| neuropeptide precursors in tribolium castaneum. | neuropeptides and neurohormones are among the more diverse and functionally important classes of cell-to-cell signaling molecules involved in animal development and behavior. less is known about the hormones and neuropeptides of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, than many other insects. however, the genomic information becoming available from this organism presents an opportunity to identify multiple neuropeptide and hormone genes, and hence their associated protein precursors. using si ... | 2007 | 17537543 |
| analysis of repetitive dna distribution patterns in the tribolium castaneum genome. | insect genomes vary widely in size, a large fraction of which is often devoted to repetitive dna. re-association kinetics indicate that up to 42% of the genome of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, is repetitive. analysis of the abundance and distribution of repetitive dna in the recently sequenced genome of t. castaneum is important for understanding the structure and function of its genome. | 2008 | 18366801 |
| a multicopper oxidase-related protein is essential for insect viability, longevity and ovary development. | typical multicopper oxidases (mcos) have ten conserved histidines and one conserved cysteine that coordinate four copper atoms. these copper ions are required for oxidase activity. during our studies of insect mcos, we discovered a gene that we named multicopper oxidase-related protein (mcorp). mcorps share sequence similarity with mcos, but lack many of the copper-coordinating residues. we identified mcorp orthologs in many insect species, but not in other invertebrates or vertebrates. we predi ... | 2014 | 25330116 |
| insulin receptor-like ectodomain genes and splice variants are found in both arthropods and human brain cdna. | truncated receptor ectodomains have been described for several classes of cell surface receptors, including those that bind to growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and adhesion molecules. soluble receptor isoforms are typically generated by proteolytic cleavage of the cell surface receptor or by alternative splicing of rna transcripts arising from the same gene encoding the full-length receptor. both the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) and the insulin receptor (insr) families prod ... | 2013 | 27375681 |
| glycogen and glucose metabolism are essential for early embryonic development of the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | control of energy metabolism is an essential process for life. in insects, egg formation (oogenesis) and embryogenesis is dependent on stored molecules deposited by the mother or transcribed later by the zygote. in oviparous insects the egg becomes an isolated system after egg laying with all energy conversion taking place during embryogenesis. previous studies in a few vector species showed a strong correlation of key morphogenetic events and changes in glucose metabolism. here, we investigate ... | 2013 | 23750237 |
| slit/robo-mediated axon guidance in tribolium and drosophila: divergent genetic programs build insect nervous systems. | as the complexity of animal nervous systems has increased during evolution, developmental control of neuronal connectivity has become increasingly refined. how has functional diversification within related axon guidance molecules contributed to the evolution of nervous systems? to address this question, we explore the evolution of functional diversity within the roundabout (robo) family of axon guidance receptors. in drosophila, robo and robo2 promote midline repulsion, while robo2 and robo3 spe ... | 2012 | 22245052 |
| candidate gene screen in the red flour beetle tribolium reveals six3 as ancient regulator of anterior median head and central complex development. | several highly conserved genes play a role in anterior neural plate patterning of vertebrates and in head and brain patterning of insects. however, head involution in drosophila has impeded a systematic identification of genes required for insect head formation. therefore, we use the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum in order to comprehensively test the function of orthologs of vertebrate neural plate patterning genes for a function in insect head development. rnai analysis reveals that most ... | 2011 | 22216011 |
| loss of tc-arrow and canonical wnt signaling alters posterior morphology and pair-rule gene expression in the short-germ insect, tribolium castaneum. | wnt signaling has been implicated in posterior patterning in short-germ insects, including the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum (bolognesi et al. curr biol 18:1624-1629, 2008b; angelini and kaufman dev biol 283:409-423, 2005; miyawaki et al. mech dev 121:119-130, 2004). specifically, depletion of wnt ligands tc-wnt1 and tc-wntd/8 produces tribolium embryos lacking abdominal segments. similar phenotypes are produced by depletion of tc-porcupine (tc-porc) or tc-pangolin (tc-pan), indicating th ... | 2009 | 19705150 |
| retroactive maintains cuticle integrity by promoting the trafficking of knickkopf into the procuticle of tribolium castaneum. | molting, or the replacement of the old exoskeleton with a new cuticle, is a complex developmental process that all insects must undergo to allow unhindered growth and development. prior to each molt, the developing new cuticle must resist the actions of potent chitinolytic enzymes that degrade the overlying old cuticle. we recently disproved the classical dogma that a physical barrier prevents chitinases from accessing the new cuticle and showed that the chitin-binding protein knickkopf (knk) pr ... | 2013 | 23382702 |
| structure, evolution and function of the bi-directionally transcribed iab-4/iab-8 microrna locus in arthropods. | in drosophila melanogaster, the iab-4/iab-8 locus encodes bi-directionally transcribed micrornas that regulate the function of flanking hox transcription factors. we show that bi-directional transcription, temporal and spatial expression patterns and hox regulatory function of the iab-4/iab-8 locus are conserved between fly and the beetle tribolium castaneum. computational predictions suggest iab-4 and iab-8 micrornas can target common sites, and cell-culture assays confirm that iab-4 and iab-8 ... | 2013 | 23335784 |
| the lethal giant larvae gene in tribolium castaneum: molecular properties and roles in larval and pupal development as revealed by rna interference. | we identified and characterized the tclgl gene putatively encoding lethal giant larvae (lgl) protein from the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum). analyses of developmental stage and tissue-specific expression patterns revealed that tclgl was constitutively expressed. to examine the role of tclgl in insect development, rna interference was performed in early (1-day) larvae, late (20-day) larvae, and early (1-day) pupae. the early larvae injected with double-stranded rna of tclgl (dstclgl) at ... | 2014 | 24758930 |
| signaling properties and pharmacological analysis of two sulfakinin receptors from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | sulfakinin is an insect neuropeptide that constitutes an important component of the complex network of hormonal and neural factors that regulate feeding and digestion. the key modulating functions of sulfakinin are mediated by binding and signaling via g-protein coupled receptors. although a substantial amount of functional data have already been reported on sulfakinins in different insect species, only little information is known regarding the properties of their respective receptors. in this s ... | 2014 | 24718573 |
| comparative characterization of two intracellular ca²⁺-release channels from the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | ryanodine receptors (ryrs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ip3rs) are members of a family of tetrameric intracellular ca(2+)-release channels (crcs). while it is well known in mammals that ryrs and ip3rs modulate multiple physiological processes, the roles of these two crcs in the development and physiology of insects remain poorly understood. in this study, we cloned and functionally characterized ryr and ip3r cdnas (named tcryr and tcip3r) from the red flour beetle, tribolium casta ... | 2014 | 25330781 |
| cloning, phylogeny, and expression analysis of the broad-complex gene in the longicorn beetle psacothea hilaris. | seven isoforms of broad-complex (phbr-c), in which the sequence of the zinc finger domain differed (referred to as z1, z2, z3, z2/z3, z4, z5/z6, and z6, respectively), were cloned from the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle psacothea hilaris. the z1-z4 sequences were highly conserved among insect species. the z5/z6 isoform was aberrant in that it contained a premature stop codon. z6 had previously only been detected in a hemimetabola, the german cockroach blattella germanica. the presence of z6 in ... | 2014 | 25279330 |
| the members of bhlh transcription factor superfamily are required for female reproduction in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | proteins containing the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) domain function as transcription factors and play important roles during the development of various metazoans including insects, nematodes and vertebrates. insect genomes contain more than 50 bhlh transcription factors, but the function of only a few of these proteins in regulation of female reproduction is known. using rna interference, we have tested knock-down in the expression of genes coding for bhlh transcription factors in newly emerge ... | 2010 | 20223247 |
| morphological and transcriptomic analysis of a beetle chemosensory system reveals a gnathal olfactory center. | the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum is an emerging insect model organism representing the largest insect order, coleoptera, which encompasses several serious agricultural and forest pests. despite the ecological and economic importance of beetles, most insect olfaction studies have so far focused on dipteran, lepidopteran, or hymenopteran systems. | 2016 | 27751175 |
| sex determination in beetles: production of all male progeny by parental rnai knockdown of transformer. | sex in insects is determined by a cascade of regulators ultimately controlling sex-specific splicing of a transcription factor, doublesex (dsx). we recently identified homolog of dsx in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (tcdsx). here, we report on the identification and characterization of a regulator of tcdsx splicing in t. castaneum. two male-specific and one female-specific isoforms of t. castaneum transformer (tctra) were identified. rna interference-aided knockdown of tctra in pupa ... | 2012 | 22924109 |
| juvenile hormone resistance gene methoprene-tolerant controls entry into metamorphosis in the beetle tribolium castaneum. | besides being a spectacular developmental process, metamorphosis is key to insect success. entry into metamorphosis is controlled by juvenile hormone (jh). in larvae, jh prevents pupal and adult morphogenesis, thus keeping the insect in its immature state. how jh signals to preclude metamorphosis is poorly understood, and a jh receptor remains unknown. one candidate for the jh receptor role is the methoprene-tolerant (met) per-arnt-sim (pas) domain protein [also called resistance to jh, rst (1)j ... | 2007 | 17537916 |
| large diversity of the piggybac-like elements in the genome of tribolium castaneum. | the piggybac transposable element (te), originally discovered in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, has been widely used in insect transgenesis including the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. we surveyed piggybac-like (ple) sequences in the genome of t. castaneum by homology searches using as queries the diverse ple sequences that have been described previously. the search yielded a total of 32 piggybac-like elements (tcples) which were classified into 14 distinct groups. most of the tcple ... | 2007 | 18342253 |
| a defensin from the model beetle tribolium castaneum acts synergistically with telavancin and daptomycin against multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum is a common insect pest and has been established as a model beetle to study insect development and immunity. this study demonstrates that defensin 1 from t. castaneum displays in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against drug resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of defensin 1 against 11 reference and clinical staphylococcal isolates was between 16-64 μg/ml. the putative mode of action of the defensin p ... | 2015 | 26062137 |
| role of methoprene-tolerant (met) in adult morphogenesis and in adult ecdysis of blattella germanica. | juvenile hormone (jh) represses metamorphosis of young instars in insects. one of the main players in hormonal signalling is methoprene-tolerant (met), which plays the role of jh receptor. using the polyneopteran insect blattella germanica as the model and rnai for transcript depletion, we have confirmed that met transduces the antimetamorphic signal of jh in young nymphs and plays a role in the last nymphal instar moult in this species. previously, the function of met as the jh receptor had bee ... | 2014 | 25072526 |
| the function of nuclear receptors in regulation of female reproduction and embryogenesis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | nineteen canonical and two knirps-like family nuclear receptors (nrs) were identified in the genome of tribolium castaneum. the current study was conducted to determine the function of these nrs in regulation of female reproduction and embryogenesis. rna interference (rnai)-aided knock-down in the expression of genes coding for 21 nrs showed that seven nrs e75, hormone receptor 3 (hr3), ecdysone receptor (ecr), ultraspiracle (usp), seven-up (svp), ftz transcription factor 1 (ftz-f1) and hormone ... | 2010 | 20416316 |
| ecdysteroid regulation of ovarian growth and oocyte maturation in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | previous studies from our laboratory showed the involvement of juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysteroid signaling in the regulation of female reproduction in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. jh regulates vitellogenin (vg) synthesis in the fat body but the role of ecdysteroid signaling is not known. here, we report on ecdysteroid regulation of ovarian growth and oocyte maturation. microarray analysis of rna isolated from ovaries showed the up-regulation of several genes coding for proteins ... | 2010 | 20385235 |
| juvenile hormone regulation of vitellogenin synthesis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | to elucidate the endocrine regulation of vitellogenin (vg) synthesis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, the titers of juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysteroids in the whole body of female beetles were measured and compared with vg mrna levels. juvenile hormone levels remained high while the ecdysteroid levels declined steadily during 1-5 days post adult emergence (pae). the vg mrna levels began to increase by the end of 3rd day pae and peaked by the 4th-5th day pae. gene expression profi ... | 2010 | 20381616 |
| juvenile hormone and insulin regulate trehalose homeostasis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | insulin/igf-1 signaling (iis) has been well studied for its role in the control of life span extension and resistance to a variety of stresses. the drosophila melanogaster insulin-like receptor (inr) mutant showed extended life span due to reduced juvenile hormone (jh) levels. however, little is known about the mechanism of cross talk between iis and jh in regulation of life span extension and resistance to starvation. in the current study, we investigated the role of iis and jh signaling in reg ... | 2013 | 23754959 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of the chemosensory gene families in the tree killing bark beetles, ips typographus and dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae). | the european spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, and the north american mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae (coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), are severe pests of coniferous forests. both bark beetle species utilize aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass-attacks on host trees, while odorants from host and non-host trees modulate the pheromone response. thus, the bark beetle olfactory sense is of utmost importance for fitness. however, information on the genes underlying olfac ... | 2013 | 23517120 |
| integrated analysis of cytochrome p450 gene superfamily in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the functional and evolutionary diversification of insect cytochrome p450s (cyps) shaped the success of insects. cyps constitute one of the largest and oldest gene superfamilies that are found in virtually all aerobic organisms. because of the availability of whole genome sequence and well functioning rna interference (rnai), the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum serves as an ideal insect model for conducting functional genomics studies. although several t. castaneum cyps had been functional ... | 2013 | 23497158 |
| functional characterization of pas and hes family bhlh transcription factors during the metamorphosis of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors are present in animals, plants and fungi and play important roles in the control of cellular proliferation, tissue differentiation, development and detoxification. although insect genomes contain more than 50 helix-loop-helix transcription factors, the functions of only a few are known. rnai has become a widely used tool to knock-down the expression to analyze the function of genes. as rnai works well in tribolium castaneum, we utilized this insec ... | 2009 | 19683038 |
| genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of neuropeptides and protein hormones in the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. | neuropeptides and protein hormones are ancient molecules that mediate cell-to-cell communication. the whole genome sequence from the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum, along with those from other insect species, provides an opportunity to study the evolution of the genes encoding neuropeptide and protein hormones. we identified 41 of these genes in the tribolium genome by using a combination of bioinformatic and peptidomic approaches. these genes encode >80 mature neuropeptides and protein ho ... | 2007 | 18025266 |
| identification of myotropic neuropeptides from the brain and corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complex of the beetle, zophobas atratus. | the neuropeptide profiles of the two major neuro-endocrinological organs, brain and retrocerebral complex corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum (cc/ca) of adult beetles, zophobas atratus fabricius (coleoptera:tenebrionidae) were analyzed by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (maldi tof/tof ms). the homological semi-isolated heart bioassay was used to screen hplc fractions for myotropic a ... | 0 | 21067424 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of the allatotropin precursor and receptor in the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. | allatotropins (ats) are pleiotropic neuropeptides initially isolated from the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. in 2008, the first receptor for at-like peptides (atr) was characterized in bombyx mori. since then, atrs have also been characterized in m. sexta, tribolium castaneum, aedes aegypti and bombus terrestris. these receptors show sequence similarity to vertebrate orexin (orx) receptors. when generating an est-database of the desert locust (schistocerca gregaria) central nervous system, we ... | 2015 | 25814925 |
| ecdysone [corrected] receptor isoforms play distinct roles in controlling molting and metamorphosis in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | ecdysteroids regulate insect growth and development through a heterodimeric complex of nuclear receptors consisting of ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle (usp). in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum, two isoforms each of ecr and usp have been identified. quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis showed isoform-specific developmental expression of both ecr and usp in the epidermis and the midgut dissected from the final instar larvae and pupae. injection of ... | 2008 | 18583027 |
| genome-wide comparison of genes involved in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling of juvenile hormone between silkworm and other insects. | juvenile hormone (jh) contributes to the regulation of larval molting and metamorphosis in insects. herein, we comprehensively identified 55 genes involved in jh biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling in the silkworm (bombyx mori) as well as 35 in drosophila melanogaster, 35 in anopheles gambiae, 36 in apis mellifera, 47 in tribolium castaneum, and 44 in danaus plexippus. comparative analysis showed that each gene involved in the early steps of the mevalonate (mva) pathway, in the neuropeptide r ... | 0 | 25071411 |
| accessory gland as a site for prothoracicotropic hormone controlled ecdysone synthesis in adult male insects. | insect steroid hormones (ecdysteroids) are important for female reproduction in many insect species and are required for the initiation and coordination of vital developmental processes. ecdysteroids are also important for adult male physiology and behavior, but their exact function and site of synthesis remains unclear, although previous studies suggest that the reproductive system may be their source. we have examined expression profiles of the ecdysteroidogenic halloween genes, during develop ... | 2013 | 23383307 |
| proteome response of tribolium castaneum larvae to bacillus thuringiensis toxin producing strains. | susceptibility of tribolium castaneum (tc) larvae was determined against spore-crystal mixtures of five coleopteran specific and one lepidopteran specific bacillus thuringiensis cry toxin producing strains and those containing the structurally unrelated cry3ba and cry23aa/cry37aa proteins were found toxic (lc(50) values 13.53 and 6.30 µg spore-crystal mixture/µl flour disc, respectively). using itraq combined with lc-ms/ms allowed the discovery of seven novel differentially expressed proteins in ... | 2013 | 23372850 |
| repellant and insecticidal activities of shyobunone and isoshyobunone derived from the essential oil of acorus calamus rhizomes. | it was found that the essential oil of acorus calamus rhizomes showed insecticidal activity. | 0 | 26600710 |
| large scale rnai screen in tribolium reveals novel target genes for pest control and the proteasome as prime target. | insect pest control is challenged by insecticide resistance and negative impact on ecology and health. one promising pest specific alternative is the generation of transgenic plants, which express double stranded rnas targeting essential genes of a pest species. upon feeding, the dsrna induces gene silencing in the pest resulting in its death. however, the identification of efficient rnai target genes remains a major challenge as genomic tools and breeding capacity is limited in most pest insect ... | 2015 | 26334912 |
| phylogenetic and functional characterization of the hat transposon superfamily. | transposons are found in virtually all organisms and play fundamental roles in genome evolution. they can also acquire new functions in the host organism and some have been developed as incisive genetic tools for transformation and mutagenesis. the hat transposon superfamily contains members from the plant and animal kingdoms, some of which are active when introduced into new host organisms. we have identified two new active hat transposons, aebuster1, from the mosquito aedes aegypti and tcbuste ... | 2011 | 21368277 |
| steroid receptor co-activator is required for juvenile hormone signal transduction through a bhlh-pas transcription factor, methoprene tolerant. | metamorphosis in insects is regulated by juvenile hormone (jh) and ecdysteroids. the mechanism of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), but not of jh action, is well understood. a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh)-per-arnt-sim (pas) family member, methoprene tolerant (met), plays an important role in jh action. microarray analysis and rna interference (rnai) were used to identify 69 genes that require met for their hydroprene-regulated expression in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. quantitative real t ... | 2010 | 21190938 |
| high toxicity and specificity of the saponin 3-glca-28-ararhaxyl-medicagenate, from medicago truncatula seeds, for sitophilus oryzae. | because of the increasingly concern of consumers and public policy about problems for environment and for public health due to chemical pesticides, the search for molecules more safe is currently of great importance. particularly, plants are able to fight the pathogens as insects, bacteria or fungi; so that plants could represent a valuable source of new molecules. | 2012 | 22536832 |
| characterization of an allatotropin-like peptide receptor in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | following a reverse pharmacology approach, we identified an allatotropin-like peptide receptor in tribolium castaneum. allatotropins are multifunctional neuropeptides initially isolated from the tabacco hornworm, manduca sexta. they have been shown to be myoactive, to be cardio-acceleratory, to inhibit active ion transport, to stimulate juvenile hormone production and release and to be involved in the photic entrainment of the circadian clock. a tissue distribution analysis of the t.-ácastaneum ... | 2011 | 21742031 |
| mechanical properties of elytra from tribolium castaneum wild-type and body color mutant strains. | cuticle tanning in insects involves simultaneous cuticular pigmentation and hardening or sclerotization. the dynamic mechanical properties of the highly modified and cuticle-rich forewings (elytra) from tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) wild-type and body color mutant strains were investigated to relate body coloration and elytral mechanical properties. there was no statistically significant variation in the storage modulus e' among the elytra from jet, cola, sooty and black mutants or betw ... | 2010 | 20727898 |
| in silico identification of novel chitinase-like proteins in the silkworm, bombyx mori, genome. | in insects, chitinases participate in the periodic shedding of old exoskeletons and the turnover of peritrophic membranes. chitinase family members have been identified in dozens of species, including tribolium castaneum, drosophila melanogaster, and anopheles gambiae. in this study, nine chitinases and three hypothetical chitinases have been identified in bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae) through genome-wide searching. phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven of them belong to the seven ... | 2012 | 23461297 |
| diversity of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission in the insect nervous system and are targets of a major group of insecticides, the neonicotinoids. they consist of five subunits arranged around a central ion channel since the subunit composition determines the functional and pharmacological properties of the receptor the presence of nachr families comprising several subunit-encodinggenes provides a molecular basis for broad function ... | 2010 | 20737786 |
| beauveria bassiana infection alters colony development and defensive secretions of the beetles tribolium castaneum and ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera: tenebrionidae). | we studied the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana strain gha on a) colony development of the beetles tribolium castaneum (herbst) and ulomoides dermestoides (fairmaire) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) under laboratory conditions; and 2) the volatile blend released by both beetles, containing defensive pheromones, by using the solid phase microextraction technique. colony development of both species was strongly altered 3 mo after treatment with b. bassiana, showing a significan ... | 2010 | 20857716 |
| acoustic indicators for targeted detection of stored product and urban insect pests by inexpensive infrared, acoustic, and vibrational detection of movement. | crawling and scraping activity of three stored-product pests, sitophilus oryzae (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae), tribolium castaneum (herbst) (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), and stegobium paniceum (l.) (coleoptera: anobiidae), and two urban pests, blattella germanica (l.) (blattodea: blattellidae) and cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae), were monitored individually by infrared sensors, microphones, and a piezoelectric sensor in a small arena to evaluate effects of insect locomotory behavio ... | 2010 | 21061963 |
| conservation, loss, and redeployment of wnt ligands in protostomes: implications for understanding the evolution of segment formation. | the wnt genes encode secreted glycoprotein ligands that regulate a wide range of developmental processes, including axis elongation and segmentation. there are thirteen subfamilies of wnt genes in metazoans and this gene diversity appeared early in animal evolution. the loss of wnt subfamilies appears to be common in insects, but little is known about the wnt repertoire in other arthropods, and moreover the expression and function of these genes have only been investigated in a few protostomes o ... | 2010 | 21122121 |
| feeding deterrents against two grain storage insects from euphorbia fischeriana. | the screening of several chinese medicinal herbs for insecticidal principles showed that euphorbia fischeriana roots possessed significant feeding deterrent activity against two stored-product insects (tribolium castaneum and sitophilus zeamais). from ethanol extract, four feeding deterrents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. the compounds were identified as jolkinolide b, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-(9z)-octadecenoate 20-acetate, 17-hydroxyjolkinolide a and b on the basis of their phytochem ... | 2011 | 21221063 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of transgelin-like proteins mainly transcribed in newborn larvae of trichinella spp. | a cdna library was constructed from trichinella pseudospiralis muscle larvae. one cdna clone, designated tp4, contained a cdna transcript of 783bp in length, with a single open reading frame that encoded 153 amino acids (16,793da as the estimated molecular mass). the predicted amino acid sequence of tp4 showed that the clone had a calponin homology domain and was approximately 50% identical to the transgelin-like proteins (calponin-family members) present in bombyx mori or tribolium castaneum. a ... | 2010 | 21242032 |
| composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) and sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the composition and bioactivity of essential oils from tagetes terniflora kunth, cymbopogon citratus stapf. and elyonurus muticus (spreng) kuntz were evaluated against stored-grain pests. | 2011 | 21365739 |
| assortative mating and directional or stabilizing selection for a non-linear function of traits in tribolium. | summary: assortative or random mating following selection in either direction on a non-linear index (experiment 1) or stabilizing selection for pupal length (experiment 2) were carried out for five generations in two lines of tribolium castaneum (a and r, respectively), with three replicates each. the selected proportion was 25% in all lines. in experiment 1, the selection criterion was designed to increase the aggregate value of adult weight and the first- and second-order powers of pupal lengt ... | 1993 | 21395705 |
| the effects of assortative mating on the genetic change due to linear index selection in tribolium. | summary: the effectiveness of the assortative mating of selected individuals in increasing linear index selection response was tested in tribolium castaneum. the experiment was designed to increase pupal length and adult weight, using selection and assortative mating with respect to a linear index of these traits. the experiment consisted of a randomly (r) and assortatively (a) mated line, with three replicates in each line. the proportion of selection was 25 %. phenotypic correlations between m ... | 1994 | 21395772 |
| ethyl formate plus methyl isothiocyanate-a potential liquid fumigant for stored grains. | background: methyl bromide is being phased out for use on stored commodities, as it is listed as an ozone-depleting substance, and phosphine is the fumigant widely used on grains. however, phosphine resistance occurs worldwide, and phosphine fumigation requires a long exposure period and temperatures of > 15 °c. there is an urgent requirement for the development of a fumigant that kills insects quickly and for phosphine resistance management. this paper reports on a new fumigant formulation of 9 ... | 2011 | 21780282 |
| The antifungal, cytotoxic, antitermite and insecticidal activities of Zizyphus jujube. | Plants are very useful, self-generating machines, producing a variety of useful bioactive products. Keeping in view this idea, the crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Zizyphus jujuba were screened for antifungal, cytotoxic, antitermite and insecticidal activities. Low activity was shown by the crude methanolic extract (12%), n-hexane (9%), chloroform (20%) and ethyl acetate (14%) fraction against Penicillium notatum. Low activity was shown by the n-hexane fraction against Aspergill ... | 2011 | 21959810 |
| Transient expression of a viral histone H4 inhibits expression of cellular and humoral immune-associated genes in Tribolium castaneum. | A viral histone H4 is encoded in a polydnavirus called Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV), which is symbiotic to an endoparasitoid wasp, C. plutellae. Compared to general histone H4s, the viral H4 possesses an extra N-terminal tail containing 38 amino acid residues, which has been presumed to control host gene expression in an epigenetic mode. To analyze the epigenetic control activity of CpBV-H4 on expression of immune-associated genes, it was transiently expressed in larvae of Tribolium casta ... | 2011 | 22037579 |
| the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. | the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins play essential roles in a wide range of developmental processes in higher organisms. bhlh family members have been identified in over 20 organisms, including fruit fly, zebrafish, and human. this study identified 54 bhlh family members in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (hemiptera: aphididae), genome. phylogenetic analyses revealed that they belong to 37 bhlh families with 21, 13, 9, 1, 9, and 1 members in group a, b, c, d, e, and f, respect ... | 2011 | 21870970 |
| early patterning and blastodermal fate map of the head in the milkweed bug oncopeltus fasciatus. | the process of head development in insects utilizes a set of widely conserved genes, but this process and its evolution are not well understood. recent data from tribolium castaneum have provided a baseline for an understanding of insect head development. however, work on a wider range of insect species, including members of the hemimetabolous orders, is needed in order to draw general conclusions about the evolution of head differentiation and regionalization. we have cloned and studied the exp ... | 2011 | 23016905 |
| performance of pre-commercial release formulations of spinosad against five stored-product insect species on four stored commodities. | two liquid and one dry pre-commercial release spinosad formulations were evaluated at the labeled rate of 1 ppm against five stored-grain insect species on wheat, short-grain rice, long-grain rice, and maize. except on maize, efficacy of spinosad was compared with a currently registered grain protectant, chlorpyrifos-methyl (3 ppm) plus deltamethrin (0.5 ppm). the 7- and 14-day mortalities of the lesser grain borer, rhyzopertha dominica, were 99.0-100.0% on spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus ... | 2011 | 22962550 |
| survival of enterococcus faecalis og1rf:pcf10 in poultry and cattle feed: vector competence of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst). | laboratory experiments were designed to determine the survival of enterococcus faecalis og1rf:pcf10 in poultry and cattle feed and its acquisition and transmission by adults of the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst), to sterile feed. adult t. castaneum beetles were introduced into poultry and cattle feed inoculated with e. faecalis og1rf:pcf10 and incubated at 28 degrees c with 65% relative humidity for 7 days in a growth chamber. e. faecalis survived in both poultry and cattle feed ... | 2010 | 20202347 |