| sequence and transcription of the beta-glucosidase gene of kluyveromyces fragilis cloned in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the beta-glucosidase gene of kluyveromyces fragilis has been determined. this sequence contains an open reading frame of 2535 base pairs encoding a protein of 845 amino acids. analysis of the transcription products revealed only one transcript of about 3 kb identical in both kluyveromyces fragilis and in the expression host saccharomyces cerevisiae. the protein molecular weight of 93,811 kd deduced from the sequence is consistent with the 90,000 kd determined ... | 1987 | 2835179 |
| candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient. | a case of candida pseudotropicalis fungemia and invasive disease in an immunocompromised patient is reported. multiple blood cultures taken over a 2-week period were positive, and histopathological slides of postmortem spleen and kidney tissue showed tissue invasion by the organism. the source of the yeast infection was determined to be the urinary tract. this is the first report of c. pseudotropicalis fungemia documented by culture. | 1984 | 6511866 |
| arrangement of genes trp1 and trp3 of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. | the tryptophan biosynthetic genes trp1 and trp3 and partly also trp2 and trp4 have been compared by the technique of southern hybridization and enzyme measurements in twelve wild isolates of saccharomyces cerevisiae from natural sources of different continents, in the commonly used laboratory strain s. cerevisiae x2180-1a and in a kluyveromyces marxianus strain. we could classify these strains into four groups, which did not correlate with their geographical distribution. in no case are the trp3 ... | 1985 | 2998296 |
| early defect of phagocytic cell function in subjects at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we studied the functions of peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in 15 apparently healthy homosexual men, eight homosexual or bisexual subjects with unexplained generalized lymphadenopathies (pre-aids), four homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and 15 heterosexual men. in comparison with normal controls, the homosexual groups studied presented a decreased monocyte candidacidal activity for candida pseudotropicalis that gradually deteriorates as the cli ... | 1986 | 3018916 |
| impaired monocyte function in liver cirrhosis. | monocyte function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver was measured by phagocytosis and killing of candida pseudotropicalis and c albicans. both variables were significantly decreased in the patients compared with controls. control monocytes exposed for two hours to patients' serum showed a significant decrease in intracellular killing compared with control monocytes incubated in autologous serum. this suggests the presence of an inhibiting factor in the patients' serum. this inhibitory facto ... | 1981 | 6784806 |
| production of beta-galactosidase from kluyveromyces fragilis grown on whey. | optimum conditions for beta-galactosidase production by k. fragilis were studied. enzyme production has a maximum after 8-12 h of incubation. composition of whey (from different sources) did not affect enzyme production. different heart treatments also had no effect. whey reconstituted to 8-12% total solids and adjusted to ph 4.0 afforded maximum enzyme production. whereas inorganic nitrogen sources (specially ammonium salts) only slightly stimulated enzyme production, organic nitrogen sources ( ... | 1981 | 6797906 |
| regulation of beta-d-galactosidase synthesis in candida pseudotropicalis. | regulation of lactose (beta-d-galactosidase) synthesis in the lactose-utilizing yeast candida pseudotropicalis was studied. the enzyme was inducible by lactose and galactose. when grown on these sugars the enzyme level of the yeast was 20 times or higher than when grown on glycerol. the km and optimal ph were similar for the lactase induced either by lactose or galactose. the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside by the lactase was inhibited by galactose and several analogs and ga ... | 1982 | 6800304 |
| amphotericin b tolerance: a characteristic of candida parapsilosis not shared by other candida species. | thirty yeast isolates from clinical specimens were tested for their susceptibility to amphotericin b at 30 c, 37 c, and 39 c. of the six candida albicans, five candida tropicalis, one candida guilliermondii, one candida krusei, one candida pseudotropicalis, two torulopsis glabrata, and four cryptococcus neoformans isolates tested, all were inhibited at amphotericin b concentrations of less than or equal to 0.4 micrograms/ml and killed by concentrations of amphotericin b that were less than or eq ... | 1983 | 6822746 |
| mitochondrial introns as mobile genetic elements: the role of intron-encoded proteins. | introns of organelle genes share distinctive rna secondary structures that allow their classification into two known families. these structures are believed to play an essential role in splicing, and members of both structural classes have recently been shown to perform self-splicing reactions in vitro. in lower eukaryotes, many structured introns also contain long internal open reading frames (orfs), which are able to code for hydrophilic proteins. several properties of self-splicing structured ... | 1986 | 3032144 |
| the role of atp in the control of h+-galactoside symport in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | transport of methyl beta-d-thiogalactoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside is shown to proceed through the h+-lactose symporter of kluyveromyces marxianus. uptake of these compounds is strongly reduced under anaerobic conditions or aerobically in the presence of antimycin. it is shown that antimycin treatment affects p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside uptake in a similar way as it affects the cellular amount of atp, suggesting regulation of p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactoside transport by atp. a ... | 1987 | 3036099 |
| comparison of the properties of the purified beta-glucosidase from the transformed strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae tykf2 with that of the donor strain kluyveromyces fragilis y610. | saccharomyces cerevisiae tykf2 was obtained by cloning in s. cerevisiae the gene coding for beta-glucosidase in kluyveromyces fragilis y610 (atcc 12424). the beta-glucosidases of both organisms were purified and their biochemical characteristics were determined. the two beta-glucosidases had the same enzymatic properties as those previously described in the literature. the strain s. cerevisiae tykf2 is able to produce enhanced amounts of enzyme. | 1987 | 3314909 |
| kluyveromyces fragilis as an opportunistic fungal pathogen in man. | an immunosuppressed cardiac transplant patient with pulmonary infection due to the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis is described. isolation of this fungus from human sources is rarely reported, and previous reports of human infection are unavailable in the modern literature. the organism is poorly pathogenic even in immunocompromised hosts. in vitro susceptibility studies with several strains presented here indicate inhibition by 5-fluorocytosine and miconazole, and borderline susceptibility to amph ... | 1980 | 6988992 |
| rate of arabinitol production by pathogenic yeast species. | d-arabinitol is a five-carbon polyol that is produced by many fungi. detection of the metabolite has been reported in serum from patients with invasive candidiasis. we studied the production and assimilation of arabinitol by 46 clinical isolates of yeast species. cultures of isolates of candida albicans (9 strains), candida tropicalis (12 strains), candida parapsilosis (13 strains), candida krusei (4 strains), candida pseudotropicalis (3 strains), torulopsis glabrata (3 strains), and cryptococcu ... | 1981 | 7024306 |
| selection of yeast strains for ethanol production from inulin. | of the many yeast species capable of fermenting inulin, some can produce sufficient amounts of ethanol from the substrate, in particular kluyveromyces fragilis and torulopsis colliculosa. the results indicate the feasibility of producing ethanol from inulin-rich plants, such as jerusalem artichoke. | 1981 | 7262714 |
| catabolite repression-inactivation of malate dehydrogenase in candida kefyr. | | 1981 | 7309169 |
| the prevalence of yeasts in clinical specimens from cancer patients. | yeasts recovered from cancer patients during a 15-month period were speciated, and the prevalence of these isolates in various types of clinical specimens was determined. five species, including candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida krusei, and torulopsis glabrata, accounted for 97.1% of the isolates. eighteen different species were recovered. respiratory and urine specimens yielded 75% of the organisms. c. albicans, c. tropicalis, and c. parapsilosis were recovered ... | 1980 | 7369176 |
| regulation of sugar transport systems of kluyveromyces marxianus: the role of carbohydrates and their catabolism. | in kluyveromyces marxianus grown on a glucose-containing synthetic medium four different sugar transporters have been identified. in cells, harvested during the exponential phase, only the constitutive glucose/fructose carrier, probed with 6-deoxy-d-glucose or sorbose, appeared to be active. in cells from the stationary phase three proton symporters can be active, recognizing 6-deoxyglucose (a glucose/galactose carrier), sorbose (a fructose carrier) and galactosides (lactose carrier), respective ... | 1988 | 3355832 |
| the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on macrophage phagocytosis of candida. | the effects of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) on phagocytic function towards candida pseudotropicalis were tested using monocytotropic and nonmonocytotropic hiv strains on peripheral blood monocytes. there were no differences in either quantitative phagocytic activity or efficacy between the two infected and control mock-infected monocytes. immunofluorescence for cytoplasmic p24 antigen and in situ hybridization for detection of hiv-specific rna sequences revealed that very few ... | 1994 | 7478756 |
| identification of candida species by pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of intergenic spacer regions of ribosomal dna. | the pcr was used to amplify a targeted region of the ribosomal dna from 84 candida isolates. unique product sizes were obtained for candida guilliermondii, candida (torulopsis) glabrata, and candida pseudotropicalis. isolates of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida stellatoidea, candida parapsilosis, and candida krusei could be identified following restriction digestion of the pcr products. | 1995 | 7494052 |
| effect of polymyxin b nonapeptide and polymyxin b sulphate on trichothecene mycotoxin sensitivity of yeasts using a conductimetric instrument. | the addition of polymyxin b sulphate (pbs), or an inactive by-product, polymyxin b nonapeptide (pbn) to a yeast bioassay system, increased its sensitivity to various toxic agents. the nil effect level (nel) of t-2 toxin was reduced from 0.1 to 0.01 microgram/ml for kluyveromyces fragilis gk 1005 in the presence of these agents when using a malthus at 192 conductimetric instrument. other synergistic agents (dmso, ethanol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and triton x-100) gave poor results in the ... | 1990 | 2168726 |
| inhibition of fungal growth by pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. | this study was undertaken because of the infrequency of infections due to candida species in patients with cystic fibrosis despite their extensive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. in vitro susceptibility studies revealed significant inhibition of 11 strains of fungi known to infect human beings by 10 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and nine strains of pseudomonas cepacia isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. the fungi were candida krusei, candida keyfr, candida g ... | 1994 | 7522262 |
| impairment of insulin assimilation and beta-fructosidase activity due to a petite mutation in kluyveromyces marxianus. | a respiratory deficient mutant of kluyveromyces fragilis was isolated using ethidium bromide mutagenesis. it was characterized by a loss of cytochromes a + a3 and deficiency in cytochrome b. this petite mutant has brought about modifications in the excretion pattern of beta-fructosidase active on saccharose and inulin. the mutant practically no longer excretes the enzyme, and is incapable of growth and fermentation in the presence of inulin. the study of the activities of different enzyme extrac ... | 1988 | 3395109 |
| synthesis of 1,2,5(6)-trisubstituted benzimidazoles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. | a series of 22 benzimidazoles, having several substituents on the azole and benzene nuclei, were prepared and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. at first 2-chloro or 2-chloromethyl-5(6)-substituted-1h-benzimidazoles were synthesized, which were then substituted at c-2 with several piperazine or piperidine derivatives. the antibacterial activity of these compounds against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the antifungal activit ... | 1995 | 7611838 |
| extraction, purification and characterization of adh1 from the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | the enzyme adh1 has been extracted and purified from the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus, and its enzymatic activity has been compared, with the adh1 extracted and purified in the same way from the well known yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. k. marxianus adh1 has an optimal temperature higher than the s. cerevisiae enzyme (45-50 degrees vs 35 degrees c), a better stability to ph variations in the oxidative reaction (ph optimum 7.5), a lower michaelis constant for acetaldehyde, and a good ca ... | 1990 | 2193901 |
| ofage banding patterns of different yeast genera and of intergeneric hybrids. | electrophoretic karyotypes of yeasts belonging to the species saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces marxianus and candida macedoniensis were established by means of ofage. hybrids between s. cerevisiae and k. marxianus as well as between k. marxianus and c. macedoniensis were analyzed by comparing their ofage-banding-pattern with the parental banding-patterns. thus, evidence for exchanges of intact chromosomes and for chromosomal rearrangements could be gained on a molecular level. | 1988 | 3057175 |
| studies on the growth of kluyveromyces fragilis in whey for the production of yeast protein. | | 1978 | 583484 |
| inducible expression of a gene encoding an l41 ribosomal protein responsible for the cycloheximide-resistant phenotype in the yeast candida maltosa. | in a previous paper (s. kawai, s. murao, m. mochizuki, i. shibuya, k. yano, and m. takagi, j. bacteriol. 174:254-262, 1992), we showed that in each genome of several yeast species, there is one of two types of l41 gene, one for an l41 (q-type) protein which confers cycloheximide (cyh) resistance or one for an l41 (p-type) protein which does not. these genes have been suggested to be responsible for the cyh response used in taxonomy. for example, saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is cyh sensitive, ... | 1995 | 7665534 |
| nucleotide sequence of the clostridium thermocellum bgib gene encoding thermostable beta-glucosidase b: homology to fungal beta-glucosidases. | the nucleotide sequence of the bglb gene, coding for the thermostable beta-glucosidase b of clostridium thermocellum was determined. the coding region of 2265 bp was identified by comparison with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of beta-glucosidase b purified from escherichia coli. the derived amino acid sequence corresponding to a polypeptide of mr 84,100 was confirmed by sequencing of the c-terminal peptide generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. the protein bears no resemblance to othe ... | 1989 | 2505054 |
| biosynthesis regulation of the beta-glucosidase produced by a yeast strain transformed by genetic engineering. | the biosynthesis of the beta-glucosidase enzyme was studied in a transformed yeast obtained by cloning in saccharomyces cerevisiae the structural gene coding for beta-glucosidase in kluyveromyces fragilis. the enzyme biosynthesis was found to be non-adaptative, and repressed by glucose. these features are similar to those observed in k. fragilis. beta-glucosidase activity in the transformed yeast was much higher than in k. fragilis. we attempted to ferment cellobiose with the transformed yeast: ... | 1986 | 3099720 |
| the promoter of the beta-glucosidase gene from kluyveromyces fragilis contains sequences that act as upstream repressing sequences in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the relationship between the promoter length of the kluyveromyces fragilis beta-glucosidase gene and the level of its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied by gene fusion between deleted promoter fragments of various lengths and the promoterless beta-galactosidase gene of escherichia coli. the removal of a region from position -425 to -232 led to a tenfold increase in the expression of the gene. the same results were obtained for the reconstructed beta-glucosidase gene with the same ... | 1988 | 3146687 |
| polymorphonuclear phagocytosis and killing in workers exposed to inorganic mercury. | the ability of neutrophils to phagocytose and kill candida species as well as the splenic phagocytic function were investigated in workers from a mercury-producing plant. in the neutrophil phagocytosis study, two species of candida were used since in individuals with myeloperoxidase deficiency neutrophils are unable to kill candida albicans, while candida pseudotropicalis can be effectively lysed. phagocytosis of both antigens and splenic phagocytic function were normal in all the workers studie ... | 1994 | 7705962 |
| kluyveromyces marxianus small dna fragments contain both autonomous replicative and centromeric elements that also function in kluyveromyces lactis. | two fragments containing both an autonomous replicating sequence (ars) and a centromere have been isolated and sequenced from the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. the ars and centromeric core sequences are only 500 bp apart, but ars activity could be separated from the centromeric sequences. centromeric sequences are organized in a similar way to those of budding yeasts: two well-conserved elements: cdei (5' tcacgtg 3') and cdeiii (5' tnttccgaaagtwaaa 3'), are separated by a 165 bp at-rich (+/- 90 ... | 1994 | 7725797 |
| comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and bioassay for the determination of 5-fluorocytosine in serum. | an hplc method using a reverse phase system, an isocratic mobile phase and simple protein precipitation and a plate diffusion bioassay using an amphotericin b resistant strain of candida pseudotropicalis for the measurement of 5-fluorocytosine in serum were compared. both methods permit a determination of 5-fluorocytosine in sera also in the presence of amphothericin b. the correlation between bioassay and hplc runs was found to be r = 0.96. both methods are useful for monitoring the serum level ... | 1994 | 7727899 |
| cloning and expression of the structural gene for beta-glucosidase of kluyveromyces fragilis in escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cellobiose, the last product in cellulose degradation, is converted into two molecules of glucose by a beta-glucosidase. s. cerevisiae does posses the structural gene for a beta-glucosidase, but it is very poorly expressed; we thus decided to isolate and characterize that of kluyveromyces fragilis. we constructed in e. coli hb101 strain a genomic library of the kluyveromyces fragilis y610 strain (atcc 12424), a yeast able to grow on cellobiose and which constitutively produces the beta-glucosida ... | 1984 | 6092839 |
| preparation and characterization of whey protein hydrolysates: applications in industrial whey bioconversion processes. | a whey protein hydrolysate was prepared by incubation of reconstituted whey or a whey protein concentrate with alcalase 0.6l. the proteolytic degradation of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin initially resulted in 6-kda and, later, 2.5-kda degradation products, quickly followed by the appearance of multiple peptides of 1 kda or smaller. the hydrolysate showed a steady increase in solubility and a biphasic change in foaming characteristics with decreasing peptide size. at the highest degree ... | 1993 | 7763629 |
| expression of an alpha-galactosidase gene under control of the homologous inulinase promoter in kluyveromyces marxianus. | for expression of the alpha-galactosidase gene from cyamopsis tetragonoloba in kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556 we have used the promoter of the homologous inulinase-encoding gene (inu1). the inu1 gene has been cloned and sequenced and the coding region shows an identity of 59% with the saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene (suc2). in the 5'-flanking region of inu1 we found a sequence (taaatccgggg) that perfectly matches to the mig1 binding consensus sequence (wwwwtsygggg) of the s. cerevisiae ... | 1993 | 7764385 |
| catabolite repression in yeasts is not associated with low levels of camp. | relationship between levels of camp and catabolite repression in yeasts has been investigated. strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe and kluyveromyces fragilis were used. the yeasts were grown on different carbon sources to attain various degrees of repression. galactose repressed as much as glucose, while maltose was less effective. full derepression was achieved with ethanol. the enzymes tested were fructose-bisphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase ... | 1984 | 6327308 |
| structure-activity relationships and interactions among trichothecene mycotoxins as assessed by yeast bioassay. | a yeast (kluyveromyces marxianus) bioassay was used to establish the relative toxicity of 16 trichothecenes and some of their interactions. removal of an isovaleryl group, one or two acetyl groups, or two acetyl plus an isovaleryl groups from t-2 toxin (t2) to form diacetoxyscirpenol, ht-2 toxin (ht2), t2-triol and t-2 tetraol (t2-4ol) decreased toxicity 7, 36, 276 and 558-fold, respectively. a combination of t2 and ht2, t2 and t2-4ol, deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv), or don and t2 exhi ... | 1994 | 7801350 |
| survey of sensitivity of twelve yeast genera toward t-2 toxin. | a survey was made to detect the sensitivity of 12 yeast genera to t-2 toxin. seventy-five yeasts isolated from various sources were tested for their susceptibility to t-2 toxin. the mic of t-2 for these yeasts varied from 1.0 to greater than 8.0 micrograms/ml. of the yeasts studied, kluyveromyces fragilis showed the greatest sensitivity, which ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms of t-2 toxin per ml of culture medium. the roles of incubation temperature, size of the inoculum, and incubation tim ... | 1984 | 6385850 |
| structure of the abf1-homologue from kluyveromyces marxianus. | by transformation of a saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain conditionally expressing the abf1-gene, a kluyveromyces marxianus dna fragment carrying the gene encoding the abf1-homologue of this yeast strain (kmabf1) was selected. comparison of the sequence of the kmabf1 gene with that encoding saccharomyces cerevisiae abf1 and the previously isolated abf1-gene from kluyveromyces lactis (klabf1) revealed distinct regions displaying considerable homology and therefore most likely representing seq ... | 1993 | 7916634 |
| development of hodgkin's disease in the course of liver cirrhosis and impaired monocyte function. | the monocyte function, as measured by phagocytosis and killing of candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis by peripheral blood monocytes, was found impaired in a patient with cirrhosis of the liver on two separate determinations before the occurrence of bleeding from oesophageal varices. unexpectedly, hodgkin's disease was diagnosed in enlarged abdominal lymph nodes found on the occasion of an emergency portocaval shunt operation. | 1984 | 6463000 |
| nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase in obligate aerobic yeasts. | the strictly aerobic yeasts candida pinus, cryptococcus albidus, rhodotorula minuta, rhodotorula mucilaginosa and trichosporon beigelii possess mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenases with significant features of the nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). these species show in all growth phases and under standard cultivation conditions, nadh dehydrogenases of approximately 700 kda, which are sensitive to rotenone, a specific inhibitor of this complex. identical results were obtained with the weak ... | 1994 | 7941733 |
| in the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus, adenylate cyclase is regulated by ras protein(s) in vitro. | the presence of adenylate cyclase activity was first demonstrated in membrane fractions from the budding yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. the enzyme showed a mn(2+)- and mg(2+)-dependent activity, with optimal ph at around 6 as observed in other yeast species. as in saccharomyces cerevisiae, where adenylate cyclase is regulated by ras1 and ras2, we detected a guanyl nucleotide-dependent activity. interestingly y13-259 monoclonal antibody, raised against mammalian p21ha-ras, inhibited mg2+ plus gtp ... | 1994 | 7992514 |
| in vitro infection of human fetal membranes with candida species. | to assess whether candida species can penetrate intact fetal membranes under in vitro conditions, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida guilliermondii, candida pseudotropicalis and candida glabrata were inoculated onto the surface of the maternal side of the membranes obtained from 4 pregnant women undergoing repeat cesarean section. after incubation under culture conditions, membranes were evaluated by histological examination. c. albicans inoculated onto the maternal side penetrated an ... | 1994 | 8005544 |
| evaluation of two commercialized systems for the rapid identification of medically important yeasts. | a total of 77 recent clinical isolates of candida albicans and other medically important yeasts were identified by two different commercial tests, rapidec albicans (api-biomérieux) and fongiscreen 4h (sanofi diagnostics pasteur), and conventional mycological methods. the strains were from 13 different species of yeasts and consisted of strains of 36 c. albicans, three of candida famata, nine of candida (torulopsis) glabrata, five of candida guilliermondii, two of candida kefyr, three of candida ... | 1993 | 8015561 |
| rapid presumptive identification of medically relevant yeasts to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. | a method for the rapid presumptive differentiation of a panel of 12 clinically relevant yeasts to the species level was developed on the basis of evaluation by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit 18s-rrna. the method involved restriction enzyme analysis of pcr products obtained with primers common to all fungi. using six restriction enzymes, alui, bani, bbsi, draii, eco147i and nhei, characteristic pcr-restriction enzyme patterns were obtained f ... | 1994 | 8064542 |
| mycotic and algal bovine mastitis in denmark. | a one-year examination of mammary secretions (n = 2,896) from danish cattle with clinical or subclinical mastitis revealed 45 strains of fungi and algae. the strains originated from 44 mammary secretions of 42 cows in 40 herds. the following species of fungi were identified: candida catenulata (n = 2), candida kefyr (n = 6), candida krusei (n = 17), candida rugosa (n = 6), candida tropicalis (n = 3), candida valida (n = 1), geotrichum capitatum (n = 5). the algal species prototheca zopfii was de ... | 1994 | 8068305 |
| changes in the spectrum of fungal isolates: results from clinical specimens gathered in 1987/88 compared with those in 1991/92 in the university hospital göttingen, germany. | in the university hospital in göttingen, the spectra of fungal species in clinical specimens of respiratory secretions, bronchial secretions and urine were compared over periods of 15 months (10/87 to 12/88 and 1/91 to 3/92) before and after the introduction of fluconazole. the following changes could be demonstrated: 1. in all specimens analysed the number of candida albicans isolates decreased, while the number of candida tropicalis isolates remained almost unchanged. 2. during the observation ... | 1993 | 8114803 |
| suppression of fungal growth exhibited by pseudomonas aeruginosa. | three surgery patients were monitored postoperatively, with particular reference to lung infection. in each case there was a clinical impression that pseudomonas aeruginosa suppressed the growth of candida albicans in patients with clinically significant lung infections from whom both of these organisms were isolated from serial sputum samples. regrowth of c. albicans after p. aeruginosa eradication occurred in two patients, despite fluconazole therapy, to which both c. albicans isolates were su ... | 1994 | 8150966 |
| alveolar macrophage dysfunction in human bone marrow transplant recipients. | we studied the functional characteristics of alveolar macrophages obtained by segmental pulmonary lavage from allogeneic marrow transplant recipients without evidence of ongoing pulmonary infection. the macrophages were mostly of donor marrow origin as judged by y body fluorescence and were morphologically normal, except for the intracellular accumulation of various amounts of heterogeneous foreign materials. macrophage function of patients studied within four months after transplantation was im ... | 1982 | 6756138 |
| [phagocytosis and lysis of candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils of hansen's disease patients]. | the phagocytosis and lysis of candida albicans and candida pseudotropicalis by human neutrophils were examined in 43 hanseniasis patients (19 quiescent virchowians, 12 reactional virchowians and 12 tuberculoid patients) and 15 healthy subjects. the purpose of this study was to determine whether neutrophils from hanseniasis patients were altered in their enzyme systems myeloperoxidase-dependent (tested by lysin of candida albicans) and myeloperoxidase-independent (tested by lysin of candida pseud ... | 1981 | 6759396 |
| purification and properties of the beta-fructofuranosidase from kluyveromyces fragilis. | the beta-fructofuranosidase from kluyveromyces fragilis was purified to one band on electrophoresis by 3 different methods. two of the preparations were found to be impure by isoelectric focusing. this demonstrates the need for more than one criteria of homogeneity when purifying this enzyme. the enzyme was found to be a glycoprotein, stable at 50 degrees c, with a ph optimum of 4.5. the cations hg2+, ag+, cu2+ and cd2+ exhibited a marked inhibition of the enzyme. competitive inhibition was obse ... | 1983 | 6884506 |
| [production, extraction and partial characterization of beta-d-galactosidase of kluyveromyces fragilis grown in milk whey]. | | 1980 | 6894052 |
| effect of ph on the growth of kluyveromyces fragilis on deproteinized whey. | | 1980 | 6894053 |
| cloning and sequencing of the ura3 gene of kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556. | the ura3 gene, coding for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, from kluyveromyces marxianus cbs 6556, was isolated from a genomic dna library. the k. marxianus ura3 gene encodes a protein of 267 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 29.3 kda. comparison of the k. marxianus protein with the corresponding enzymes of saccharomyces cerevisiae and kluyveromyces lactis showed amino acid sequence identities of 81% and 88%, respectively. using contour-clamped homogenous electric field gel e ... | 1993 | 8346683 |
| ribosomal rna genes in kluyveromyces marxianus. | dna from the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus was studied for its heterogeneity and the multiplicity of rrna cistrons. these cistrons banded at a slightly different density from the bulk dna in preparative cscl or hg2+-cs2so4 equilibrium density gradients. the reassociation kinetics of the bulk dna showed that the repetitive fraction represented a small amount of the total cellular dna (10%) and that the single copy fraction had a complexity of 6.3 x 10(9) daltons. approximately 2.2% of the dna hyb ... | 1980 | 7420052 |
| studies on metal resistance system in kluyveromyces marxianus. | through preliminary plate tests, kluyveromyces marxianus was found to be much more resistant to toxic heavy metals compared to a cup1r strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. specific growth rate and maximum dry weights affected by increasing metal concentrations were determined to obtain precise patterns of resistance. metal biosorption was also monitored during the course of growth in synthetic media containing respective metals at 0.5 mm final concentration. although zn- and co-binding was neglig ... | 1993 | 7508248 |
| selection of strain, culture conditions and extraction procedures for optimum production of beta-galactosidase from kluyveromyces fragilis. | among 47 tested yeast strains, belonging to different genera, only two cultures of kluyveromyces fragilis and fabospora fragilis showed beta-galactosidase activity in shaken flasks. three types of extraction were used to release the enzyme from k. fragilis cells: solvent and detergent extraction, freezing and thawing extraction, and mechanical disintegration prior to extraction, using triton x-100. the results indicate that the highest yield could be obtained by mechanical disintegration of cell ... | 1994 | 7526616 |
| comparison of restriction enzyme analysis versus pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis as a typing system for torulopsis glabrata and candida species other than c. albicans. | candida species have recently emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. because of the lack of a reliable system for detecting differences within the same species, little is known about the epidemiology of infection with candida species. we describe a typing system for torulopsis glabrata and the non-c. albicans candida species that uses contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis (chef), a version of pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis, and compared it with restriction enz ... | 1993 | 8396585 |
| dactylfungins, novel antifungal antibiotics produced by dactylaria parvispora. | novel antifungal antibiotics, designated as dactylfungins a (1) and b (3), were isolated from the culture broth of dactylaria parvispora d500. dactylfungins a and b were found to be new substances containing an alpha-pyrone and a gamma-pyrone ring, respectively, which conjoined with a polyalcohol moiety and a long side chain, based on nmr spectral analyses. the antibiotics were active against candida pseudotropicalis and other fungi, with an mic value at less than 10 micrograms/ml. | 1993 | 8436559 |
| alternation of exo- and endotrophy during the mitotic cycle of the yeast cells. | the utilization of the intracellular and extracellular sources of carbon and energy during the mitotic cycle of yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces marxianus, candida boidinii, candida tropicalis has been studied. increase in the consumption rate of carbon and energy sources and in the exogenous respiration rate at g1- and g2-phases of the mitotic cycle is shown. the rate of the endogenous respiration of the cells at these phases decreased. the hypothesis has been proposed that during ... | 1993 | 8446060 |
| effect of t-2 toxin and verrucarin a in combination on kluyveromyces marxianus. | the growth inhibitory effects of combinations of t-2 toxin and verrucarin a on the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus was studied. a combination index value was derived to indicate the type of interaction that existed between the binary mixture of these two toxins at various ratios and the target yeast cells. the type of interaction was dependent on the ratio of the toxins used to attain a particular level of growth inhibition. further, the least change in the type and intensity of interaction or the ... | 1995 | 7613734 |
| characterization of two monoclonal antibodies against secretory proteinase of candida tropicalis dsm 4238. | two murine igm monoclonal antibodies (mab; mt1 and mt2), which were produced against the secretory aspartic proteinase of candida tropicalis dsm 4238, are described. both antibodies reacted with the native and denatured conformations of the homologous proteinase antigen but showed different patterns of reactivity with other related proteinases (candida albicans cbs 2730, serotype a; c. albicans atcc 48867, serotype b; candida parapsilosis dsm 4237) and with porcine pepsin. neither of the antibod ... | 1993 | 8483055 |
| synthesis and biological activities of some 3,6-disubstituted thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazoles. | some new 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-phenyl-3-(4-substituted- (phenylthiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives were synthesized as antifungal agents. after their structures were confirmed by microanalysis and ir and nmr spectral analysis, their antifungal activities against candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida stellatoidea, and candida pseudotropicalis were investigated. contrary to our expectations, all proved to have poor antifungal activities. because 2,4-dihydro-3h-1,2,4-triazol-3-on ... | 1995 | 7629737 |
| characterization of low- and high-affinity glucose transports in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus. | glucose transport in the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus proceeds by two functionally and presumably structurally distinct transporters depending on the carbon source of the culture medium. in lactose-grown cells, glucose was taken up through a high-affinity h+-sugar symporter (km = 0.09 mm), whereas a low-affinity transporter (km = 3.5 mm) was utilized in glucose-grown cells. the two transporters exhibited different substrate specificities. galactose was demonstrated to be a selective substrate o ... | 1987 | 3663655 |
| simplified bioassay method for measurement of flucytosine or ketoconazole. | a simple agar-well diffusion bioassay suitable for measurement of flucytosine or ketoconazole was developed by using candida pseudotropicalis atcc 46764 as the assay organism. a test medium composed of (per liter) 7 g of trypticase peptone, 7 g of ynb (yeast-nitrogen base), 15 g of glucose, and 15 g of agar was seeded with an inoculum which had been grown to no. 2 mcfarland turbidity after 4 to 6 h in ynb-glucose broth. determinations of flucytosine or ketoconazole were performed without necessi ... | 1985 | 4031030 |
| the yeast spectrum of the 'tea fungus kombucha'. | the tea fungus 'kombucha' is a symbiosis of acetobacter, including acetobacter xylinum as a characteristic species, and various yeasts. a characteristic yeast species or genus has not yet been identified. kombucha is mainly cultivated in sugared black tea to produce a slightly acidulous effervescent beverage that is said to have several curative effects. in addition to sugar, the beverage contains small amounts of alcohol and various acids, including acetic acid, gluconic acid and lactic acid, a ... | 1995 | 8559192 |
| protective effect of amphotericin b against lethal photodynamic treatment in yeast. | the effect of polyenic antibiotic amphotericin b on photodynamically induced cell damage was investigated using kluyveromyces fragilis. the photosensitizers applied are known to act via cell membrane damage (rose bengal and toluidine blue) or via dna modification causing genotoxic effects (8-methoxypsoralen). methylene blue was shown to cause membrane damage comparable with the effect of rose bengal and toluidine blue. under conditions of photodynamic damage a pronounced protective effect of the ... | 1995 | 7630327 |
| molecular probes for diagnosis of fungal infections. | we have developed 21 specific nucleic acid probes which target the large subunit rrna genes from aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus glaucus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus terreus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, candida (torulopsis) glabrata, candida guilliermondii, candida kefyr, candida krusei, candida lusitaniae, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, filobas ... | 1995 | 8576345 |
| [the clinical picture of mycotic complications in hiv-infected patients]. | mycotic complications were registered in 21 out of 37 hiv-infected subjects. oropharyngeal candidiasis was most common. it occurred prior to or concurrently with esophageal and skin candidiasis, fungemia, meningoencephalitis and disseminated lesions. with immunodeficiency progression, the prevalence and severity of mycosis go up. the causing fungi vary in great range: candida albicans, candida krusei. candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida parapsilosis. cryptococcus neoformans, rh ... | 1995 | 8577107 |
| characterization of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family from kluyveromyces marxianus--polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism as a tool for the study of multigenic families. | three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) genes from kluyveromyces marxianus were identified and characterized. the coding region of two of them (gap2 and gap3) is very similar (99.6% homology). the other gene (gap1) is only 86% homologous to gap2 or gap3 and is responsible for the expression of gap1p. this protein is extremely homologous to the k. marxianus cell wall protein p37, presumably involved in flocculation. however, no leader sequence could be detected in this gene. the id ... | 1995 | 7668042 |
| the effect of sodium hypochlorite on potential pathogenic traits of candida albicans and other candida species. | strains of candida albicans, candida krusei, candida kefyr, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis and candida guilliermondii were grown in the presence or absence of concentrations of sodium hypochlorite below the minimal inhibitory concentration and tested for a range of characteristics that may be associated with pathogenicity. sodium hypochlorite is used routinely in hospitals in australia for disinfection procedures, and these experiments were designed to assess the efficacy of hypochlori ... | 1995 | 8602340 |
| the mig1 repressor from kluyveromyces lactis: cloning, sequencing and functional analysis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | sequence comparisons between saccharomyces cerevisiae scmig1 and aspergillus nidulans crea proteins allowed us to design two sets of degenerate primers from the conserved zinc finger loops. pcr amplification on kluyveromyces marxianus and k. lactis genomic dna yielded single products with sequences closely related to each other and to the corresponding regions of scmig1 and crea. the kimig1 gene of k. lactis was cloned from a genomic library using the k. marxianus pcr fragment as probe. kimig1 e ... | 1995 | 7672126 |
| the occurrence and growth of yeasts in camembert and blue-veined cheeses. | yeast populations greater than 10(6) cfu/g were found in approximately 54% and 36%, respectively in surface samples of retail camembert (85 samples) and blue-veined (45 samples) cheeses. the most predominant species isolated were debaryomyces hansenii, candida catenulata, c. lipolytica, c. kefyr, c. intermedia, saccharomyces cerevisiae, cryptococcus albidus and kluyveromyces marxianus. the salt concentration of the surface samples of the cheeses varied between 2.5-5.5% (w/w) (camembert) and 7.5- ... | 1996 | 8652347 |
| isolation and characterization of mutants as an approach to a transformation system in kluyveromyces marxianus. | a method to obtain k. marxianus mutants has been developed. different auxotrophic mutants were isolated by nystatin and snail-enzyme enrichment procedures using an incubation time of 2 h before adding the antibiotic or the enzyme respectively. all his mutants analyzed by complementation tests turned out to belong to the same complementation group. some of them were transformed and complemented by the s. cerevisiae his3 gene. these non-reverting his3 mutants contain no heterologous sequence, whic ... | 1996 | 8662215 |
| [the antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of botrytis cinerea pers]. | antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. high fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (ptm) has been stated for dendrodochium toxicum, myrothecium verrucaria, m. roridum, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. the studied representatives of phytopat ... | 1995 | 8714399 |
| synthesis of ethanone derived from 2-benzoxazolinones and their antimicrobial activities. | a number of 3-(4-substituted benzoyl methyl)-2-benzoxazolinones have been synthesized by reacting with 2-benzoxazolinone and 4-substitutet phenacyl bromide in ethanol. their structures were confirmed by microanalysis, ir and nmr spectral analysis. possible antimicrobial activity of the compounds was investigated by tube dilution and paper disc techniques using bacteria (escherichia coli atcc 25922, staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, staphylococcus faecalis rskk ... | 1996 | 8720315 |
| in-vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole, bifonazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole against yeasts of the candida genus. | the in-vitro antifungal activity of sertaconazole against 110 strains of candida yeasts (50 candida albicans, 15 candida glabrata, 2 candida guilliermodii, 8 candida krusei, 1 candida kefyr, 8 candida parapsilosis and 26 candida tropicalis) was assessed in comparison with bifonazole, ketoconazole, econazole and miconazole. the majority of the strains were clinical isolates; some reference strains were included. a commercial agar diffusion method (neosensitabs, rosco, taastrup, denmark) in shadom ... | 1996 | 8722548 |
| ability of rapid yeast plus system to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours. | the rapid yeast plus system (innovative diagnostic systems, norcross, ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important yeasts. the ability of the rapid yeast plus system to accurately identify 304 clinical yeast isolates within 5 h was evaluated. the rapid yeast plus method correctly identified 286 (94.1%) of strains to the species level without the need for additional tests. a further 12 strains (3.9%) were classif ... | 1996 | 8727877 |
| [fluconazole in treatment of urinary candidiasis. experience with 24 patients]. | since fluconazole achieves high urine concentrations, we assessed its usefulness in the treatment of urinary candidiasis. we studied 24 patients (8 male) aged 23 to 97 years old, that presented pyuria with a negative urine culture for bacteria and fungal colony counts in urine of 10(4) cfu/ml or more. isolated strains were candida albicans in 20 cases, candida kefyr in one case, candida glabrata in one case and candida spp in two cases. all patients were treated with fluconazole in doses of 50 t ... | 1995 | 8733268 |
| adsorption of kluyveromyces marxianus pectinase on cm-sephadex gels. | new results are presented on the equilibria and kinetics of the ion exchange onto cm-sephadex of polygalacturonase (pectinase) produced by the fermentation of kluyveromyces marxianus. it is found that the equilibrium behavior follows the form of the langmuir isotherm; the equilibrium is strongly affected by ph. high partitioning onto the ion-exchange matrix, with good retention of enzyme activity, is achieved in the ph range 3.5-5.0, and this can be qualitatively explained in terms of simple mod ... | 1993 | 7694598 |
| [alcoholic fermentation of inulin by various strains of yeasts]. | strains of fourteen species of yeasts able to ferment inulin without previous chemical or physical hydrolysis were studied on semi-synthetic medium by evaluation of co2 production under anaerobic conditions. among them, kluyveromyces cicerisporus, candida macedoniensis and candida utilis showed the best kinetic characteristics of fermentation. experiments were carried out to specify the action of different parameters such as temperature, ph and exogenous ethanol concentration. the results obtain ... | 1985 | 4083830 |
| cloning and expression of kluyveromyces fragilis lac4 gene. | the genomic library of kluyveromyces fragilis was constructed in e. coli tg1, and 5 beta-galactosidase gene (lac4) clones have been obtained from the library by complementation of the kluyveromyces lactis lac4-8 mutation. the studies on the structure and the function of the lac4 gene revealed that (i) the gene can also complement e. coli lacz mutation; (ii) the physical map of the k. fragilis lac4 gene was very similar to that of k. lactis; (iii) the beta-galactosidase levels expressed by the cl ... | 1995 | 8745531 |
| spectral and biological changes induced in nicotinic acid and related compounds by ultraviolet light. | 1. irradiation of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinamide n-oxide, n'-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and pyridine with ultraviolet light at 253.7mmu leads to striking spectral changes. 2. nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are broken down to photosensitive intermediates which in turn undergo photodecomposition. 3. a major photoproduct of [7-(14)c]nicotinic acid is radioactive and absorbs ultraviolet light, but is inactive as a growth factor for candida ... | 1965 | 4285897 |
| location of the beta-galactosidase of the yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus atcc 10022. | during the growth of kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus atcc 10022 on lactose, peaks of glucose, but not beta-galactosidase activity, were detected in culture medium. harvested and washed whole cells produced glucose and galactose from lactose, or ortho-nitro-phenol from the chromogenic substrate ortho-nitro-phenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg), indicating that beta-galactosidase is physically associated with cells. onpg hydrolysis by whole cells presented a monophasic kinetics (km 36.6 mm ... | 1996 | 8836433 |
| biosynthesis of vitamin b6 by a yeast mutant. | the gradient-plate technique was employed to isolate mutants of saccharomyces marxianus (nrrl-y-1550) which, when grown in a synthetic culture medium, excreted about 2 mug/ml of vitamin b(6) as ascertained by microbiological assay. the major component that possessed vitamin b(6) activity was isolated by ion-exchange column chromatography and identified as pyridoxol by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as by paper chromatography and various chemical tests. pyridoxal was also iden ... | 1968 | 5732502 |
| phylogenetic relationships among members of the ascomycetous yeast genera brettanomyces, debaryomyces, dekkera, and kluyveromyces deduced by small-subunit rrna gene sequences. | a molecular systematic investigation of members of the ascomycetous yeast genera brettanomyces, debaryomyces, dekkera, and kluyveromyces was performed by using 18s rrna gene sequence analysis. our comparative sequence analysis revealed that brettanomyces anomalus and brettanomyces bruxellensis were closely related to one another and also to their teleomorphs, dekkera anomala and dekkera bruxellensis, respectively. together with dekkera custersiana and dekkera naardenensis, these four species for ... | 1996 | 8934908 |
| analysis of the risk factors associated with the emergence of azole resistant oral candidosis in the course of hiv infection. | the objective of this case-control study, conducted in a large italian university hospital over a 12-month period, was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the emergence of azole resistant oral candidosis in 64 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients. a swab was obtained from each patient by brushing candidal lesions. candida albicans was isolated in 41 patients (64%), candida glabrata in ten (16%), candida krusei in five (8%), candida kefyr in two (3%), candida tropicalis i ... | 1996 | 8937963 |
| fermentation of molasses using a thermotolerant yeast, kluyveromyces marxianus imb3: simplex optimisation of media supplements. | the use of molasses as a substrate for ethanol production by the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus was investigated at 45 degrees c. a maximum ethanol concentration of 7.4% (v/v) was produced from unsupplemented molasses at a concentration of 23% (v/v). the effect on ethanol production of increasing the sucrose concentration in 23% (v/v) molasses was determined. increased sucrose concentration had a similar detrimental effect on the final ethanol produced as the increas ... | 1996 | 8987649 |
| identification of yeasts and coryneform bacteria from the surface microflora of brick cheeses. | coryneform bacteria and yeasts of 21 brick cheeses from six german dairies, produced by using undefined ripening cultures, were identified. arthrobacter nicotianae, brevibacterium linens, corynebacterium ammoniagenes, corynebacterium variabilis and rhodococcus fascians were found in significant numbers. out of 148 coryneform isolates 36 could not be identified at the species level. with the exception of a large rennet cheese, the coryneform microflora of rennet and acid cured cheeses were simila ... | 1997 | 9039559 |
| cloning and characterization of a gene (lip1) which encodes a lipase from the pathogenic yeast candida albicans. | extracellular phospholipases are demonstrated virulence factors for a number of pathogenic microbes. the opportunistic pathogen candida albicans is known to secrete phospholipases and these have been correlated with strain virulence. in an attempt to clone c. albicans genes encoding secreted phospholipases, saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with a c. albicans genomic library and screened for lipolytic activity on egg-yolk agar plates, a traditional screen for phospholipase activity. two i ... | 1997 | 9043110 |
| isolation of yeasts from bovine milk in belgium. | a total of 436 milk samples from non-infected and 80 from infected quarters were investigated: 24.5% of the samples collected from non-infected and 55% of those collected from infected quarters were positive. normal milk yielded not less than 16 different species and among them many potentially pathogenic yeast species such as c. parapsilosis, c. guilliermondii, c. tropicalis, c. glabrata and t. asahii, all five able to grow at 40 degrees c. in contrast, the yeasts isolated from infected quarter ... | 1996 | 9063005 |
| purification and phosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from kluyveromyces fragilis. | fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from the yeast kluyveromyces fragilis was found to have an apparent mr = 155,000 and to be composed of four mr = 35,000 subunits. the extent and rate of phosphorylation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fru-1,6-p2) by yeast camp-dependent protein kinase were dependent on fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors, 5'-amp and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-p2). in the absence of inhibitor, the enzyme was slowly phosphorylated with a maximum incorporation of 1 mol of phos ... | 1984 | 6086609 |
| the influence of pressure and temperature of compressed co2 on the survival of yeast cells. | in order to study the potential use of supercritical co2 extraction for the recovery of products from yeast cell cultures, the effects of co2 on different yeast strains over a range of pressures and temperatures have been examined. viability was shown to be dependent on temperature and dissolved co2 concentration, and can be described by a sigmoidal (s-shaped) curve. cell death was mainly due to an 'anaesthesia effect' rather than cell rupture. important differences in sensitivity were observed ... | 1995 | 7766403 |
| [the cloning and expression of the beta-galactosidase gene of candida pseudotropicalis yeasts in escherichia coli cells]. | the gene encoding the beta-galactosidase of the yeast candida pseudotropicalis was cloned on yep13 shuttle vector as the xhoi-fragment of chromosomal dna of about 9.5 kb. salgi-fragment of 7.5 kb with the beta-galactosidase gene was subcloned from the pg2 hybrid plasmid obtained into the pbr322 plasmid and then shortened to give 5.2 kb via deletion on xhoi site. this plasmid constructed was designated pbg2-1. in dna/dna hybridization studies the appearance of one xhoi-fragment and seven ecori-fr ... | 1997 | 9172860 |
| evaluation of the biolog system for the identification of food and beverage yeasts. | the inconvenience of conventional yeast identification methods has resulted in the development of rapid, commercial systems, mainly for clinical yeast species. the biolog system (biolog inc., hayward, ca, usa) is a new semi-automated, computer-linked technology for rapid identification of clinical and non-clinical yeasts. the system is based around a microtitre tray and includes assimilation and oxidation tests. this paper evaluates the biolog system for the identification of 21 species (72 stra ... | 1997 | 9203401 |
| intracellular damage in yeast cells caused by photodynamic treatment with toluidine blue. | the positively charged photosensitizer toluidine blue (tb) can induce loss of clonogenicity in kluyveromyces marxianus. previous studies have revealed that, as a consequence of the localization of this dye at the cell surface, photodynamic action results in extensive damage at the level of the plasma membrane. in this paper, a study is reported on the effect of photodynamic treatment with tb on intracellular enzymes. it is shown that treatment with tb and light resulted in the inhibition of alco ... | 1995 | 7899497 |
| structure of cell wall mannan of candida kefyr ifo 0586. | we conducted a structural analysis of the antigenic cell wall mannoprotein (mannan) isolated from candida kefyr (formerly candida pseudotropicalis) ifo 0586. the result of two-dimensional homonuclear hartmann-hahn analysis of this mannan indicates that the molecule is constructed from alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,6-linked mannopyranose residues. upon alkali treatment (beta-elimination reaction), this mannan released two alpha-1,2-linked mannooligosaccharides, biose and triose. the structure of the alk ... | 1994 | 7927705 |
| [use of cheese whey for growing the bradyrhizobium japonicum e-109 strain]. | the growth of bradyrhizobium japonicum e-109 using cheese whey as carbon source was studied. the cheese whey was previously hydrolyzed by acid or enzymatic treatment with purified beta galactosidase or a crude extract from kluyveromyces fragilis. the results obtained demonstrated that the use of the modified enzymatic hydrolyzed whey as carbon source allowed the growth of b. japonicum e-109 reaching a concentration of approximately 10(10) viable cells/ml. these results are considered of industri ... | 1993 | 8153350 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activities of 2-[(alpha-methylbenzylidene)-hydrazino]benzoxazoles. | new 2-[(alpha-methylbenzylidene)hydrazino]benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesized by reacting ortho or para substituted acetophenones with 2-hydrazinobenzoxazole in ethanol. the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by microanalysis, ir and nmr spectral data. antimicrobial activities of the compounds were investigated by the microdilution susceptibility test in mueller-hinton broth and sabouraud liquid medium. test organisms: staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213 and enterococc ... | 1997 | 9296284 |