| the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus promoter is active in both monocots and dicots. | regions of the sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus genome were tested for promoter activity. the genomic region spanning nucleotides 5999-7420 was shown to possess promoter activity as exemplified by its ability to drive the expression of the coding region of the uida gene of escherichia coli, in both avena sativa and arabidopsis thaliana. in a. sativa, the promoter was active in all organs examined and, with the exception of the anthers where the expression was localized, this activity was constit ... | 1998 | 9747843 |
| seasonal density, sporozoite rates and entomological inoculation rates of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in a high-altitude sugarcane growing zone in western kenya. | an entomological study was conducted on vectors of malaria and their relative contribution to plasmodium falciparum transmission in mumias, a high-altitude site and large-scale sugarcane growing zone in kakamega district, western kenya. anopheles gambiae s.l., the predominant vector species, represented 84% (n=2667) of the total anopheles mosquitoes collected with an. funestus comprising only 16%. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) identified all 600 specimens of the an. gambiae complex tested as a ... | 1998 | 9754665 |
| molecular characterization of fiji disease fijivirus genome segment 9. | this is the first report of sequence from fiji disease fijivirus (fdv), the type member of the genus fijivirus of the family reoviridae. fdv genome segment (s9) comprised 1843 nt and contained two non-overlapping orfs, separated by a 57 nt intergenic region. s9 orf 1 comprised 1008 nt and encoded a 335-amino-acid polypeptide (predicted molecular mass 38.6 kda), while orf 2 comprised 627 nt and encoded a 208-amino-acid polypeptide (predicted molecular mass 23.8 kda). the 5' and 3' non-coding regi ... | 1998 | 9880035 |
| phylogenetic identification of two major nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with sugarcane. | acetobacter diazotrophicus and herbaspirillum seropedicae were identified by genetic methods based on 16s rrna sequences. a specific pcr method in combination with probing was developed for a. diazotrophicus. the pcr system includes four primers, of which the primers named ac (ctgtttcccgcaagggac) and di (gcgccccattgctgggtt) generated an 445 bp amplicon in all of the 11 a. diazotrophicus strains tested. the phylogenetic position of h. seropedicae was determined. h. seropedicae forms with oxalobac ... | 1998 | 9924818 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic relationships of a new potyvirus: sugarcane streak mosaic virus, and a reevaluation of the classification of the potyviridae. | the nucleic acid of a serologically distinct potyvirus, originally isolated out of sugar cane from pakistan, was reverse transcribed and the 3' terminal 2000 bp was pcr amplified, cloned, and sequenced. phylogenetic comparisons of viruses representing each genus of the potyviridae show that the pakistani isolate is most closely related to the rymoviruses wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and brome streak mosaic virus. we therefore propose that this new virus species be named sugar cane streak mos ... | 1998 | 10051385 |
| molecular characterization and interviral relationships of a flexuous filamentous virus causing mosaic disease of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) in india. | a virus isolate causing mosaic disease of commercial sugarcane was purified to homogeneity. electron microscopy revealed flexuous filamentous virus particles of ca 890 x 15 nm. the virus isolate reacted positively with heterologous antiserum to narcissus latent virus form uk, but failed to react with potyvirus group specific antiserum. n-terminal sequencing of the intact coat protein (cp) and the tryptic peptides indicated that the virus was probably a potyvirus but distinct from several reporte ... | 1999 | 10226614 |
| high-resolution mapping of loci conferring resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus in maize using rflp, ssr, and aflp markers. | sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) is one of the most important virus diseases of maize in europe. genetic analysis on backcross five (bc5) progeny derived from the cross fap1360a (resistant) x f7 (susceptible) confirmed that at least two dominant genes, scm1 and scm2, are required for resistance to scmv in the progeny of this cross. with the aid of rflp and ssr marker analyses, scm1 was mapped in the region of 8.7 cm between the nucleolus organizer region (nor) and rflp marker bnl6.29 on the short a ... | 1999 | 10323240 |
| a promoter from sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus drives transgene expression in banana and other monocot and dicot plants. | a 1369 bp dna fragment (sc) was isolated from a full-length clone of sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (scbv) and was shown to have promoter activity in transient expression assays using monocot (banana, maize, millet and sorghum) and dicot plant species (tobacco, sunflower, canola and nicotiana benthamiana). this promoter was also tested for stable expression in transgenic banana and tobacco plants. these experiments showed that this promoter could drive high-level expression of the beta-glucuro ... | 1999 | 10380808 |
| differentiation of fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini by histone gene sequence data. | fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini (= f. circinatum) is a pathogen of pine and is one of eight mating populations (i.e., biological species) in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. this species complex includes f. thapsinum, f. moniliforme (= f. verticillioides), f. nygamai, and f. proliferatum, as well as f. subglutinans associated with sugarcane, maize, mango, and pineapple. differentiating these forms of f. subglutinans usually requires pathogenicity tests, which are often time-consuming ... | 1999 | 10427026 |
| oral administration of policosanol inhibits in vitro copper ion-induced rat lipoprotein peroxidation. | policosanol, a new cholesterol-lowering agent, is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary alcohols isolated from sugar cane (saccharum officinarum l.) wax, which prevents the onset of espontaneously and experimentally induced atherosclerotic lesions in experimental models. because the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) may play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigate the effect of policosanol on copper oxidative susceptibility of rat lipoprotein fractions (vldl + ldl) ... | 1999 | 10463622 |
| the relationship between soil copper content and copper resistance in yeast of an ultisol in midwestern nigeria. | yeast isolates were obtained from the brewer's stock of the guinness brewery in benin city, midwestern nigeria, and from local sources such as mango and sugar cane. the fruits were exposed to the immediate soil environment in eleven selected sites in the ugbowo and ikpoba hill areas of benin city, edo state of midwestern nigeria. a total of twenty-seven yeast isolates were obtained. fourteen isolates were identified as saccharomyces cerevisiae and 13 as s. carlsbergensis. analysis of resistance ... | 1999 | 10472795 |
| 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa) produces hypothermia and inhibits histochemical labeling of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) in rat brain. | 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa) is a toxin sometimes produced on moldy crops (sugarcane, peanuts, etc.) in amounts sufficient to cause severe neurological disorders when consumed by humans. in vitro, 3-npa irreversibly inactivates sdh, a complex ii respiratory enzyme required for mitochondrial energy production. a single dose of 3-npa (30 mg/kg s.c.) was given to singly-caged adult male sprague-dawley rats. rectal temperature was measured after dosing as a potential biomarker of exposure to 3-npa, ... | 1999 | 10488910 |
| engineered detoxification confers resistance against a pathogenic bacterium. | we generated transgenic sugarcane plants that express an albicidin detoxifying gene (albd), which was cloned from a bacterium that provides biocontrol against leaf scald disease. plants with albicidin detoxification capacity equivalent to 1-10 ng of albd enzyme per mg of leaf protein did not develop chlorotic disease symptoms in inoculated leaves, whereas all untransformed control plants developed severe symptoms. transgenic lines with high albd activity in young stems were also protected agains ... | 1999 | 10504706 |
| molecular detection of gluconacetobacter sacchari associated with the pink sugarcane mealybug saccharicoccus sacchari (cockerell) and the sugarcane leaf sheath microenvironment by fish and pcr. | molecular tools for the detection of the newly described acetic acid bacterium gluconacetobacter sacchari from the pink sugarcane mealybug, saccharicoccus sacchari cockerell (homiptera: pseudococcidae), and in the sugarcane leaf sheath microenvironment were developed. g. sacchari specific 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide primers were designed and used in pcr amplification of g. sacchari dna directly from mealybugs, and in a nested pcr to detect low numbers of the bacteria from sugarcane leaf sh ... | 2000 | 10620720 |
| nucleotide sequence evidence for three distinct sugarcane streak mastreviruses. | the complete sequences of four clones of sugarcane streak virus (ssv) isolates from egypt and one ssv clone from reunion island were determined. the four egyptian genomes were highly similar to one another (97-99% nt identity) and were considered as variants of the same virus. the egyptian ssv was genetically different from all other mastreviruses, the closest virus being ssv from south-africa (60% nt identity), and defined as a new mastrevirus species named ssev. the ssv clone from reunion was ... | 1999 | 10664387 |
| isolation and properties of a cellulosome-type multienzyme complex of the thermophilic bacteroides sp. strain p-1. | the extracellular form of cellulosome-type multienzyme complex of thermophilic bacteroides sp. strain p-1 which was isolated from the anaerobic digester, is described. multienzyme complex was isolated from the culture supernatant by an adsorption-desorption affinity chromatography on microcrystalline cellulose. the isolated multienzyme complex was found to form a complex that exhibited a high molecular weight (estimated at more than 1400 kda) and was quite stable, requiring strong denaturing con ... | 2000 | 10713221 |
| sugarcane yellow leaf virus: an emerging virus that has evolved by recombination between luteoviral and poleroviral ancestors. | we have derived the genomic nucleotide sequence of an emerging virus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv), and shown that it produces one to two subgenomic rnas. the family luteoviridae currently includes the luteovirus, polerovirus, and enamovirus genera. with the new scylv nucleotide sequence and existing luteoviridae sequence information, we have utilized new phylogenetic and evolutionary methodologies to identify homologous regions of luteoviridae genomes, which have statistically signif ... | 2000 | 10725208 |
| biodetoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating industry wastewater. | a bacterial consortium capable of utilizing metal-cyanides as a source of nitrogen was used to develop a microbiological process for the detoxification of silver-cyanide from electroplating wastewater. when the treatment was carried out in a 27-l rotating biological contactor (r3c) in continuous mode, the system could achieve > 99.5% removal of 0.1 mmol l(-1) silver-cyanide (approximately 5 mg l(-1) cyanide and 10 mg l(-1) silver) in 10 h with sugarcane molasses (0.1 ml l(-1)) as carbon source. ... | 2000 | 10728557 |
| hand preferences in unimanual and bimanual feeding by wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | lateral preference was examined in spontaneous feeding actions in 2 troops of wild vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). processing of 4 foods (termites, leaf shoots, sugarcane, and fruit) was studied. actions included unimanual reaching to moving objects, operating from an unstable posture, and coordinated bimanual processing. between 19 and 31 subjects were available, according to the task. in 2 tasks, laterality of 2 independent stages was measured separately, giving 6 measures in all. on ... | 2000 | 10739308 |
| genetic polymorphism in xanthomonas albilineans strains originating from 11 geographical locations, revealed by two dna probes. | two dna fragments from xanthomonas albilineans were used as probes to study the molecular diversity among strains of this pathogen. two serologically distinct groups, serovars i and ii, could be differentiated by hybridization to the probes. these probes, designated 830 and 838, were cloned after subtractive dna hybridization of common sequences of xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum from a serovar i strain of x. albilineans. they did not hybridize to the dna of several other xanthomonads or t ... | 2000 | 10792648 |
| use of immobilized candida cells on xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse. | in this study we used the yeast candida guilliermondii fti 20037 immobilized by entrapment in ca-alginate beads (2.5-3 mm diameter) for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate in a repeated batch system. the fermentation runs were carried out in 125- and 250-ml erlenmeyer flasks placed in an orbital shaker at 30 degrees c and 200 rpm during 72 h, keeping constant the proportion between work volume and flask total volume. according to the results, cell vi ... | 2000 | 10817210 |
| effect of the oxygen transfer coefficient on xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by continuous stirred-tank reactor fermentation. | the effect of the oxygen transfer coefficient on the production of xylitol by bioconversion of xylose present in sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate using the yeast candida guilliermondii was investigated. continuous cultivation was carried out in a 1.25-l fermentor at 30 degrees c, ph 5.5, 300 rpm, and a dilution rate of 0.03/h, using oxygen transfer coefficients of 10, 20, and 30/h. the results showed that the microbial xylitol production (11 g/l) increased by 108% with the decrease i ... | 2000 | 10849823 |
| effects of initial ph on biological synthesis of xylitol using xylose-rich hydrolysate. | sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural residue plentiful in brazil, was utilized for xylitol production by a biotechnological process. a medium fermentation prepared with this xylose-rich biomass at an oxygen transfer volumetric coefficient of 10/h1 and different initial ph values was inoculated with cells of candida guilliermondii fti 20037. the maximum values of xylitol and cell volumetric productivities (qp = 0.56 g/[l.h] and qx = 0.11 g/[g.h]), xylitol yield factor (yp/s = 0.79 g/g), and xylose ... | 2000 | 10849833 |
| inhibition of microbial xylitol production by acetic acid and its relation with fermentative parameters. | precipitated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate containing acetic acid was fermented by candida guilliermondii fti20037 under different operational conditions (ph 4.0 and 7.0, three aeration rates). at ph 7.0 and kla of 10 (0.75 vvm) and 22.5/h (3.0 vvm) the acetic acid had not been consumed until the end of the fermentations, whereas at the same ph and kla of 35/h (4.5 vvm) the acid was rapidly consumed and acetic acid inhibition was not important. on the other hand, fermentations at ... | 2000 | 10849838 |
| brazilian bioethanol program. | brazil is the largest producer of bioethanol, and sugarcane is the main raw material. bioethanol is produced by both batch and continuous processes, and in some cases, flocculating yeast is used. this article analyzes the brazilian ethanol program. for the 1996-1997 harvest, brazil produced 14.16 billion l of ethanol and 13.8 million metric t of sugar, from 286 million metric t of sugarcane. these products were produced by 328 industries in activity, with 101 autonomous ethanol plants producing ... | 2000 | 10849865 |
| sugarcane yellow leaf virus: a novel member of the luteoviridae that probably arose by inter-species recombination. | the 5895 nucleotide long single-stranded rna genome of sugarcane yellow leaf virus florida isolate (scylv-f) includes six major orfs. all but the first of these are homologous to genes of known function encoded by viruses of the three newly defined genera in the luteoviridae: ('luteovirids'), i.e. poleroviruses, luccccteoviruses and the enamoviruses. scylv-f orfs 1 and 2 are most closely related to their polerovirus counterparts, whereas scylv-f orfs 3 and 4 are most closely related to counterpa ... | 2000 | 10859394 |
| biocontrol of the sugarcane borer eldana saccharina by expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac7 and serratia marcescens chia genes in sugarcane-associated bacteria. | the cry1ac7 gene of bacillus thuringiensis strain 234, showing activity against the sugarcane borer eldana saccharina, was cloned under the control of the tac promoter. the fusion was introduced into the broad-host-range plasmid pkt240 and the integration vector pjff350 and without the tac promoter into the broad-host-range plasmids pml122 and pkmm0. these plasmids were introduced into a pseudomonas fluorescens strain isolated from the phylloplane of sugarcane and the endophytic bacterium herbas ... | 2000 | 10877771 |
| variation among strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum from mauritius and other countries based on fatty acid analysis. | fatty acid profiling was used to study variation amongst strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum (xcv). they could be divided into five groups using cellular fatty acid profiles. group a strains represent a new and little known taxon and all came from plants of broom bamboo (thysanolaena maxima) from mauritius. group b strains included the xcv pathotype reference strain and were from palms, broom bamboo and sugarcane from mauritius, reunion and australia. group c contained southern afri ... | 2000 | 10879989 |
| molecular evidence that sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) is a member of the luteoviridae family. | a previously uncharacterized virus was reported in southeast brazil causing a yellowing leaf disease in sugarcane. the virus, termed sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv), shares features typical of the luteoviruses. to start the molecular characterization of scylv, the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein (cp), 17 kda protein and c-terminus of the rna-dependent rna polymerase coding regions was determined from an rt-pcr amplification product. comparisons showed that the deduced amino acid sequ ... | 2000 | 10881686 |
| conventional resistance of experimental maize lines to corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae), and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | plant resistance is a useful component of integrated pest management for several insects that are economically damaging to maize, zea mays l. in this study, 15 experimental lines of maize derived from a backcross breeding program were evaluated for resistance to corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie); fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.). experimental line 100-r-3 was resistant in t ... | 2000 | 10902359 |
| yeast communities associated with sugarcane in campos, rio de janeiro, brazil. | yeast communities associated with sugarcane leaves, stems and rhizosphere during different phases of plant development were studied near campos, in rio de janeiro, brazil. atmospheric temperature, soil granulometry and ph, and sugar cane juice degree brix and ph were determined. yeast communities associated with sugarcane were obtained after cellular extraction by shaking, blending and shaking plus sonication, and cultured on yeast nitrogen base agar plus glucose (0.5%) and yeast extract-malt ex ... | 1998 | 10943361 |
| yeast communities and genetic polymorphism of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains associated with artisanal fermentation in brazil. | yeast communities and genetic polymorphism of prevalent saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from the spontaneous fermentation of the sugarcane juice during the production of aguardente in three distilleries in the state of minas gerais, brazil, were studied. s. cerevisiae was the prevalent species during the process of aguardente production, but schizosaccharomyces pombe was predominant in old fermentations in one distillery. transient yeast species were found in a variable number, probabl ... | 2000 | 10945775 |
| [thermophilic endospores in the environment of a sugar mill in jujuy]. | twenty six samples from green and scorched sugarcane stems and leaves, sugarmill air dust and raw sugar were analyzed. thirty nine thermophilic bacilli strains were isolated. physiological and morphological examinations were carried out according to bergey's manual. the strains were identified as b. licheniformis (66.7%), b. coagulans (17.9%), b. stearothermophilus (10.3%) y b. subtilis (5.1%). | 2000 | 11008708 |
| analysis of the genes flanking xabb: a methyltransferase gene is involved in albicidin biosynthesis in xanthomonas albilineans. | transposon mutagenesis and complementation studies previously identified a gene (xabb) for a large (526kda) polyketide-peptide synthase required for biosynthesis of albicidin antibiotics and phytotoxins in the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen xanthomonas albilineans. a cistron immediately downstream from xabb encodes a polypeptide of 343aa containing three conserved motifs characteristic of a family of s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam)-dependent o-methyltransferases. insertional mutagenesis and complem ... | 2000 | 11024293 |
| binding of soluble glycoproteins from sugarcane juice to cells of acetobacter diazotrophicus. | sugarcane produces two different pools of glycoproteins containing a heterofructan as glycidic moiety, tentatively defined as high-molecular mass (hmmg) and mid-molecular mass (mmmg) glycoproteins. both kinds of glycoproteins can be recovered in sugarcane juice. fluorescein-labelled glycoproteins are able to bind to acetobacter diazotrophicus cells, a natural endophyte of sugarcane. this property implies the aggregation of bacterial cells in liquid culture after addition of hmmg or mmmg. anionic ... | 2000 | 11032311 |
| the carbon source influences the energetic efficiency of the respiratory chain of n2-fixing acetobacter diazotrophicus. | acetobacter diazotrophicus is a diazotrophic bacterium that colonizes sugarcane tissues. glucose is oxidized to gluconate in the periplasm prior to uptake and metabolism. a membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase quinoenzyme [which contains pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) as the prosthetic group] is involved in that oxidation. gluconate is oxidized further via the hexose monophosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. a. diazotrophicus pal3 was grown in a chemostat with atmospheric nitrogen as t ... | 2000 | 11092633 |
| characterization of a major cluster of nif, fix, and associated genes in a sugarcane endophyte, acetobacter diazotrophicus. | a major 30.5-kb cluster of nif and associated genes of acetobacter diazotrophicus (syn. gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus), a nitrogen-fixing endophyte of sugarcane, was sequenced and analyzed. this cluster represents the largest assembly of contiguous nif-fix and associated genes so far characterized in any diazotrophic bacterial species. northern blots and promoter sequence analysis indicated that the genes are organized into eight transcriptional units. the overall arrangement of genes is most ... | 2000 | 11092875 |
| characterization of the acyl carrier protein gene and the fab gene locus in xanthomonas albilineans. | a genomic region containing the fatty acid biosynthetic (fab) genes was isolated from the sugarcane leaf-scald pathogen xanthomonas albilineans. the order and predicted products of fabg (beta-ketoacyl reductase), acpp (acyl carrier protein), fabf (ketoacyl synthase ii) and downstream genes in x. albilineans are very similar to those in escherichia coli, with one exception. sequence analysis, confirmed by insertional knockout and specific substrate feeding experiments, shows that the position occ ... | 2000 | 11094291 |
| albicidin antibiotic and phytotoxin biosynthesis in xanthomonas albilineans requires a phosphopantetheinyl transferase gene. | xanthomonas albilineans produces a family of highly potent antibiotics and phytotoxins called albicidins, which are key pathogenesis factors in the systemic development of leaf scald disease of sugarcane. a gene (xaba) required for albicidin biosynthesis encodes a peptide of 278 amino acids, including the signature sequence motifs for phosphopantetheinyl transferases (pptases) that activate polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. the escherichia coli entd gene, which encodes a pptase i ... | 2000 | 11111057 |
| acute and oral subchronic toxicity of d-003 in rats. | d-003 is a mixture of higher aliphatic primary acids purified from sugar cane wax (saccharum officinarum) with cholesterol-lowering and antiplatelet effects experimentally proven. the present work reports the results of two studies investigating the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of d-003 in rats. oral acute toxicity of d-003 (2000 mg/kg) was investigated according to the acute toxic class (atc) method (an alternative for the classical ld(50) test), which was performed in wistar rats. the re ... | 2000 | 11137306 |
| sensitive detection of the egyptian species of sugarcane streak virus by pcr-probe capture hybridization (pcr-elisa) and its complete nucleotide sequence. | a rapid and sensitive assay for the specific detection of sugarcane streak virus (ssv) using pcr-probe capture hybridization (pcr-elisa) was developed. nucleic acids suitable for pcr were extracted from ssv-infected tissue using organic solvents or fast dna kit. ssv cdna was amplified using viral specific primers and the amplified ssv cdna (amplicon) was dig-labelled during the amplification process. the amplicon was then detected in a colorimetric hybridization system by a microtiter plate usin ... | 2001 | 11164917 |
| effect of a controlled-release urea supplement on rumen fermentation in sheep fed a diet of sugar cane tops (saccharum officinarum), corn stubble (zea mays) and king grass (pennisetum purpureum). | four cannulated sheep were used to study ruminal fermentation of a diet consisting of 60% sugar cane tops (saccharum officinarum), 30% corn stubble (zea mays), 10% king grass (pennisetum purpureum) and 0% (control), 10, 20 or 30% controlled-release urea supplement (crus) (diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). average ruminal ph did not differ among diets (p>0.05), but during the first 6h of sampling tended to be higher for crus diets. ammonia concentrations were higher (p<0.01) in all treatments o ... | 2001 | 11230963 |
| in vitro strategies for selection of eye-spot resistant sugarcane lines using toxins of helminthosporium sacchari. | in vitro strategies were applied for the selection of eye-spot resistant variants from susceptible sugarcane cultivar co 419 different selective units (callus and leaf) of the susceptible cultivar were subjected to sub-lethal to lethal doses of toxins (culture filtrate and partially purified toxin) of h. sacchari, with the objective of improving the efficacy of in vitro selection protocols. all the selective units gave more or less similar response with culture filtrate, but a distinct response ... | 2000 | 11233089 |
| a multifunctional polyketide-peptide synthetase essential for albicidin biosynthesis in xanthomonas albilineans. | albicidins, a family of potent antibiotics and phytotoxins produced by the sugarcane leaf scald pathogen xanthomonas albilineans, inhibit dna replication in bacteria and plastids. a gene located by tn5-tagging was confirmed by complementation to participate in albicidin biosynthesis. the gene (xabb) encodes a large protein (predicted m:(r) 525695), with a modular architecture indicative of a multifunctional polyketide synthase (pks) linked to a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps). at 4801 am ... | 2001 | 11238970 |
| evaluating sugarcane diets for dairy cows using a digestion model. | to eliminate unnecessary feeding trials, a mechanistic model of sugarcane digestion was used in the search for suitable supplements to improve milk production. milk production simulated by the model was compared with data observed in four feeding trials published in the tropical literature where crossbred dairy cows were fed sugarcane/urea diets with different types of supplements. the predicted effects of the supplements on the ruminal microbial population, concentrations of ammonia and volatil ... | 2001 | 11254073 |
| xanthomonas albilineans diversity and identification based on rep-pcr fingerprints. | pcr with box and eric primers was used to analyze dna of xanthomonas albilineans and other bacteria associated with sugarcane. generated fingerprints permitted clear separation of x. albilineans from other bacteria and revealed variation within the species. good agreement between fingerprint groups and geographic origin and serovars was observed. | 2001 | 11270647 |
| comparison of benefit to sugarcane plant growth and 15n2 incorporation following inoculation of sterile plants with acetobacter diazotrophicus wild-type and nif- mutants strains. | the ability of the nitrogen-fixing bacterial endophyte acetobacter diazotrophicus strain pal5 to enhance the growth of sugarcane sp70-1143 was evaluated in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and field by comparing plants inoculated with wild-type and nif mutant mad3a in two independent experiments. the wild-type and nif mutant strains colonized sugarcane plants equally and persisted in mature plants. in n-deficient conditions, sugarcane plants inoculated with a. diazotrophicus pal5 generally grew b ... | 2001 | 11277433 |
| antifungal activity of chitinases produced by some fluorescent pseudomonads against colletotrichum falcatum went causing red rot disease in sugarcane. | chitinase production and growth of certain fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere on different subtrates were studied. when chitin was substituted for glycerol in king's b medium, 3 of the 4 strains showed enhanced bacterial multiplication. bacterial cells grown on chitin-containing medium showed enhanced antifungal activity against colletotrichum falcatum went causing red rot disease in sugarcane. chitinase production was significantly higher when chitin was amended to kin ... | 2001 | 11297362 |
| thermostable, alkalophilic and cellulase free xylanase production by thermoactinomyces thalophilus subgroup c. | thermoactinomyces thalophilus produced cellulase free extracellular endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) at 50 degrees c and ph 8.5. maximum xylanase production was achieved in fermentation medium using birchwood xylan as substrate after 96 h of growth at 50 degrees c. other agricultural substrates such as wheat bran, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse and cornstover produced less xylanase. the crude enzyme preparation from mutant t. thalophilus p2 grown under optimised fermentation conditions showed ... | 2001 | 11339942 |
| a universal pcr primer to detect members of the potyviridae and its use to examine the taxonomic status of several members of the family. | a universal primer (sprimer: 5'-ggx aay aay agy ggx caz cc-3', x = a, g, c or t; y = t or c; z = a or g), designed from the consensus sequences that code for the conserved sequence gnnsgqp in the nib region of members of the family potyviridae, was used to amplify by rt-pcr the 3'-terminal genome regions from infected plant samples representing 21 different viruses in the family. sequencing of some of the fragments (c. 1.7 kb) showed that the type strain (attc pv-107) of oat necrotic mottle viru ... | 2001 | 11402861 |
| catchment management and the great barrier reef. | pollution of coastal regions of the great barrier reef is dominated by runoff from the adjacent catchment. catchment land-use is dominated by beef grazing and cropping, largely sugarcane cultivation, with relatively minor urban development. runoff of sediment, nutrients and pesticides is increasing and for nitrogen is now four times the natural amount discharged 150 years ago. significant effects and potential threats are now evident on inshore reefs, seagrasses and marine animals. there is no e ... | 2001 | 11419129 |
| effect of a controlled-release urea supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal kinetics of sheep fed low quality tropical forage. | four ruminally cannulated crossbred sheep (25+/-3.4kg bw) were divided into a 4x4 latin square design to measure the effects of controlled-release urea supplement (crus). the basal diet consisted of 60% sugar cane tops (saccharum officinarum), 30% full plant corn stubble (zea mays), and 10% king grass (pennisetum purpureum). feed intake, digestibility, n balance and in situ ruminal kinetics were studied with four diets, d1 (control), d2, d3 and d4, which included the ratios of 100:0%, 90:10%, 80 ... | 2001 | 11423230 |
| biomarkers of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as indicators of neuroprotection. | in humans or animals, symptoms of mitochondrial energy dysfunction may be produced by mutations or inborn errors of the necessary enzymes, as well as by enzyme inhibitors or uncouplers of the oxidative phosphorylation process. 3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa) is a toxin that is sometimes produced on moldy crops (sugarcane, peanuts, etc.) in amounts sufficient to cause severe neuromuscular disorders when consumed by humans. in vitro, 3-npa irreversibly inactivates sdh, a complex ii respiratory enzym ... | 2001 | 11462793 |
| hydroxymethylation and oxidation of organosolv lignins and utilization of the products. | organosolv lignins obtained from eucalyptus grandis, sugarcane bagasse and picea abies by acetosolv, formacell and organocell processes were characterized, fractionated and converted to hydroxymethylated and oxidized products. the reactivity of lignins with formaldehyde did not improve significantly with the fractionation. both eucalyptus acetosolv (eac) and eucalyptus formacell (efo) lignins retained high heterogeneity in relation to the molecular weight distribution but not in relation to stru ... | 2001 | 11480918 |
| glutamine synthetase from acetobacter diazotrophicus: properties and regulation. | glutamine synthetase from acetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophyte originally isolated from sugarcane, was studied as a step in the identification of mechanisms underlying the role of a. diazotrophicus as a major supplier of fixed nitrogen to its host plant. the enzyme was purified and partially characterized. it was also shown that the enzyme is regulated by adenylylation in response to the nitrogen source. interestingly, there is no upregulation of the synthesis of the enzyme under diazotrophi ... | 2001 | 11520611 |
| pcb biodegradation in aged contaminated soil: interactions between exogenous phanerochaete chrysosporium and indigenous microorganisms. | this work investigated whether the interaction between the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium and indigenous microorganisms could enhance polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) removal from historically contaminated soil in aerobic microcosms. the pcb mixture was composed mainly of 14% tri-, 20% tetra-, 9% penta-, 17% hexa-, 26% hepta-, 11% octa-, and 3% nona-chlorobiphenyl (cb) congeners, determined by gc/ms. the fungus, which was grown on sugarcane bagasse and added via this solid substrate, ... | 2001 | 11545344 |
| response of the endophytic diazotroph gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus on solid media to changes in atmospheric partial o(2) pressure. | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is an n(2)-fixing endophyte isolated from sugarcane. g. diazotrophicus was grown on solid medium at atmospheric partial o(2) pressures (po(2)) of 10, 20, and 30 kpa for 5 to 6 days. using a flowthrough gas exchange system, nitrogenase activity and respiration rate were then measured at a range of atmospheric po(2) (5 to 60 kpa). nitrogenase activity was measured by h(2) evolution in n(2)-o(2) and in ar-o(2), and respiration rate was measured by co(2) evolution in ... | 2001 | 11571174 |
| beta-carotene production in sugarcane molasses by a rhodotorula glutinis mutant. | several wild strains and mutants of rhodotorula spp. were screened for growth, carotenoid production and the proportion of -carotene produced in sugarcane molasses. a better producer, rhodotorula glutinis mutant 32, was optimized for carotenoid production with respect to total reducing sugar (trs) concentration and ph. in shake flasks, when molasses was used as the sole nutrient medium with 40 g l(-1) trs, at ph 6, the carotenoid yield was 14 mg l(-1) and -carotene accounted for 70% of the total ... | 2001 | 11571614 |
| regional brazilian diet-induced low birth weight is correlated with changes in renal hemodynamics and glomerular morphometry in adult age. | number of nephrons, renal hemodynamics, and glomerular morphometry were assessed in rats submitted to a multideficient diet which was developed from a basic regional diet consumed in a brazilian region of sugarcane cultivation. we evaluated three groups of male wistar rat offspring: (1) from dams fed a standard diet throughout mating, pregnancy and lactation (control group) and (2) from dams fed the multideficient diet during mating and pregnancy (maln1 group) or (3) throughout mating, pregnancy ... | 2001 | 11585990 |
| promoters for pregenomic rna of banana streak badnavirus are active for transgene expression in monocot and dicot plants. | two putative promoters from australian banana streak badnavirus (bsv) isolates were analysed for activity in different plant species. in transient expression systems the my (2105 bp) and cv (1322 bp) fragments were both shown to have promoter activity in a wide range of plant species including monocots (maize, barley, banana, millet, wheat, sorghum), dicots (tobacco, canola, sunflower, nicotiana benthamiana, tipu tree), gymnosperm (pinus radiata) and fern (nephrolepis cordifolia). evaluation of ... | 2001 | 11587511 |
| study of ligmed-a, an antidiarrheal drug based on lignin, on rat small intestine enzyme activity and morphometry. | this study aimed to determine the potential toxic effect of 4-day oral treatment with a lignin-based formulation on the enzymatic activity and morphology of the small intestine of rat. ligmed-a is collected from sugarcane and is used to treat diarrhea in weaning pigs. the compound is about 90% lignin, an insoluble polyphenolic constituent of plants and a component of dietary fiber. the duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosa of control rats and those receiving 2 g/kg ligmed-a showed similar protein c ... | 2001 | 11696085 |
| production of phb by a bacillus megaterium strain using sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. | poly(hydroxybutyric acid) (phb) and other biodegradable polyesters are promising candidates for the development of environment-friendly, totally biodegradable plastics. the use of cane molasses and corn steep liquor, two of the cheapest substrates available in egypt, may help to reduce the cost of producing such biopolyesters. in this work, the effect of different carbon sources was studied. maximum production of phb was obtained with cane molasses and glucose as sole carbon sources (40.8, 39.9 ... | 2001 | 11716209 |
| biology and management of economically important lepidopteran cereal stem borers in africa. | cereals (maize, sorghum, millet, rice) are extremely important crops grown in africa for human consumption. of the various insect pests attacking cereal crops in africa, lepidopteran stem borers are by far the most injurious. all 21 economically important stem borers of cultivated grasses in africa are indigenous except chilo partellus, which invaded the continent from india, and c. sacchariphagus, which has recently been found in sugarcane in mozambique. c. partellus is competitively displacing ... | 2002 | 11729089 |
| differences in concentrations of allergenic pollens and spores at different heights on an agricultural farm in west bengal, india. | the aim of the study was to assess the vertical profile of the major airborne pollen and spore concentration in the lower heights (up to six meters) and to check their allergenic potential causing respiratory allergy in agricultural workers. the study was conducted using rotorod samplers mounted at different heights at weekly intervals for two consecutive years (november 1997-october 1999). the major pollen grains and fungal spores (from mass culture) were collected in bulk and studied by skin-p ... | 2001 | 11748868 |
| analyses of genotypic diversity among north, south, and central american isolates of sugarcane yellow leaf virus: evidence for colombian origins and for intraspecific spatial phylogenetic variation. | we have analyzed the genotypic diversity of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) collected from north, south, and central america by fingerprinting assays and selective cdna cloning and sequencing. one group of isolates from colombia, designated the c-population, has been identified as residing at the root node between a separable superpopulation structure of scylv and other members of the family luteoviridae, indicating that the progenitor viruses of the north, south, and central american isolat ... | 2002 | 11773408 |
| metabolic study of the adaptation of the yeast candida guilliermondii to sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. | batch xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by candida guilliermondii was performed by progressively adapting the cells to the medium. samples were analyzed to monitor sugar and acetic acid consumption, xylitol, arabitol, ethanol, and carbon dioxide production, as well as cell growth. both xylitol yield and volumetric productivity remarkably increased with the number of adaptations, demonstrating that the more adapted the cells, the better the capacity of the yeast t ... | 2001 | 11778887 |
| organochlorine compounds in a brazilian watershed with sugarcane and intense sediment redistribution. | until 1985 persistent organochlorine compounds such as aldrin [(1alpha,4alpha,4abeta,5alpha,8alpha,8abeta)-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene] and heptachlor (1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1h-indene) were recommended and used as insecticides on a large scale in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) cropping in brazil. the environmental impact of these applications was not investigated in the past neither prior to nor after th ... | 2001 | 11790007 |
| transovarial transmission of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in the insect vector matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (matsumura). | white leaf is a serious disease of sugarcane caused by phytoplasma. the disease is transmitted to the plant by the leafhopper matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (matsumura). the reservoir of phytoplasma was suspected to be weeds that grow in sugarcane farming areas because they can be infected with phytoplasma and show symptoms similar to sugarcane white leaf. however in previous work we have demonstrated by rflp and sequencing that this is not the case. here we have reared m. hiroglyphicus through t ... | 2002 | 11841507 |
| optimisation of fermentation conditions for gluconic acid production by a mutant of aspergillus niger. | aspergillus niger ors-4, isolated from the sugarcane industry waste materials was found to produce notable level of gluconic acid. from this strain, a mutant aspergillus niger ors-4.410 having remarkable increase in gluconic acid production was isolated and compared for fermentation properties. among the various substrates used, glucose resulted into maximum production of gluconic acid (78.04 g/l). 12% concentration led to maximum production. effect of spore age and inoculum level on fermentatio ... | 2001 | 11906107 |
| phylogenetic relationships, strain diversity and biogeography of tritimoviruses. | north american and eurasian isolates of wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv; genus tritimovirus) and oat necrotic mottle virus (onmv; genus rymovirus) were examined. nine wsmv isolates differentially infected oat, barley, inbred maize line sdp2 and sorghum line ks56. the wsmv isolates clustered into groups based on phylogenetic analyses of the capsid protein (cp) cistron and flanking regions. wsmv isolates from the united states (us) and turkey were closely related, suggesting recent movement betwee ... | 2002 | 11907340 |
| description of tylenchorhynchus shimizui n. sp. from paraguay and notes on t. leviterminalis siddiqi, mukherjee & dasgupta from japan (nematoda: tylenchida: telotylenchidae). | a new species of tylenchorhynchus cobb, 1913 from paraguay, t. shimizui n. sp., and t. leviterminalis siddiqi, mukherjee & dasgupta, 1982 from japan are described and illustrated. t. shimizui n. sp. is a monosexual species characterised by females with a medium-sized body, l=0.70-0.82 mm, stylet 18.4-20.8 microm long, a rounded lip region slightly set off from the body contours bearing six annules, oesophageal glands slightly overlapping the intestine laterally and a subcylindrical tail with a b ... | 2002 | 11912343 |
| improvement in xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate achieved by the use of a repeated-batch immobilized cell system. | candida guilliermondii cells were immobilized in ca-alginate beads and used for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate during five successive fermentation batches, each lasting 48 hours. the bioconversion efficiency of 53.2%, the productivity of 0.50 g/l x h and the final xylitol concentration of 23.8 g/l obtained in the first batch increased to 61.5%, 0.59 g/l x h and 28.4 g/l, respectively, in the other four batches (mean values), with variation coefficients of up t ... | 2002 | 11930897 |
| transformation and transposon mutagenesis of leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, causal organism of ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane. | conditions have been developed for genetic transformation and insertional mutagenesis in leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (lxx), the causal organism of ratoon stunting disease (rsd), one of the most damaging and intractable diseases of sugarcane internationally. transformation frequencies ranged from 1 to 10 colony forming units (cfu)/microg of plasmid dna using clavibacter/escherichia coli shuttle vectors pcg188, pdm302, and pdm306 and ranged from 50 to 500 cfu/microg using cosmid cloning vectors pla ... | 2002 | 11952129 |
| preliminary kinetic characterization of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase extracted from candida guilliermondii fti 20037 cultivated in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate for xylitol production. | candida guilliermondii fti 20037 was cultured in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate supplemented with 2.0 g/l of (nh4)2so4, 0.1 g/l of cacl2 x 2h2o, and 20.0 g/l of rice bran at 35 degrees c; ph 4.0; agitation of 300 rpm; and aeration of 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 vvm. the high xylitol production (20.0 g/l) and xylose reductase (xr) activity (658.8 u/mg of protein) occurred at an aeration of 0.4 vvm. under this condition, the xylitol dehydrogenase (xd) activity was low. the apparent k(m) for xr and xd against ... | 2001 | 11963895 |
| xylanase production by aspergillus awamori in solid-state fermentation and influence of different nitrogen sources. | the use of purified xylan as a substrate for bioconversion into xylanases increases the cost of enzyme production. consequently, there have been attempts to develop a bioprocess to produce such enzymes using different lignocellulosic residues. filamentous fungi have been widely used to produce hydrolytic enzymes for industrial applications, including xylanases, whose levels in fungi are generally much higher than those in yeast and bacteria. considering the industrial importance of xylanases, th ... | 2001 | 11963896 |
| extraction by reversed micelles of the intracellular enzyme xylose reductase. | xylose reductase enzyme (ec 1.1.1.21) produced by candida guilliermondii in sugarcane bagasse was extracted by reversed micelles of n-benzyl-n-dodecyl-n-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium chloride cationic surfactant. an experimental design was employed to evaluate the influences of the following factors on the enzyme extraction: temperature, cosolvent, and surfactant concentration. a model was used to represent the enzyme recovery and fit of the experimental data. the extraction yielded a total reco ... | 2001 | 11963903 |
| malaria transmission risk variations derived from different agricultural practices in an irrigated area of northern tanzania. | malaria vector anopheles and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were monitored for 12 months during 1994-95 in villages of lower moshi irrigation area (37 degrees 20' e, 3 degrees 21' s; approximately 700 m a.s.l.) south of mount kilimanjaro in northern tanzania. adult mosquito populations were sampled fortnightly by five methods: human bait collection indoors (18.00-06.00 hours) and outdoors (18.00-24.00 hours); from daytime resting-sites indoors and outdoors; by cdc light-traps over sleeper ... | 2002 | 11963979 |
| improved detection of sugarcane yellow leaf virus using a real-time fluorescent (taqman) rt-pcr assay. | yellow leaf syndrome (yls) of sugarcane has been associated with sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) and has been reported from most sugarcane growing countries around the world. as sugarcane is vegetatively propagated, it is important to use effective and sensitive detection methods to screen new propagating material. virus detection in symptomatic tissue is currently achieved using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), tissue blot immunoassay (tbia) or a conventional rt-pcr based assay. t ... | 2002 | 12008005 |
| identification of xanthans isolated from sugarcane juices obtained from scalded plants infected by xanthomonas albilineans. | the exudate gum produced by xanthomonas albilineans, a specific sugarcane pathogen, has been isolated from juices of diseased sugarcane stalks, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid, and the hydrolysate analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. sucrose. cellobiose, mannose, glucose, glucose-1-p and glucuronic acid were identified as the major components of the polysaccharide isolated from diseased stalks. juices from healthy stalks contained maltose instead of cellobiose. the chemical nature of this po ... | 2002 | 12013236 |
| mixed submerged fermentation with two filamentous fungi for cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme production. | the efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic materials requires the cooperative actions of different cellulase enzyme activities: exoglucanase, endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase. previous studies with the fungi strains aureobasidium sp. chte-18, penicillium sp. ch-te-001, and aspergillus terreus ch-te-013, selected mainly because of their different cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, have demonstrated the capacity of culture filtrates of cross-synergistic action in the sacc ... | 2002 | 12018234 |
| xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities of candida guilliermondii as a function of different treatments of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate employing experimental design. | the sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, which is rich in xylose, can be used as culture medium for candida guilliermondii in xylitol production. however, the hydrolysate obtained from bagasse by acid hydrolysis at 120 degrees c for 20 min has by-products (acetic acid and furfural, among others), which are toxic to the yeast over certain concentrations. so, the hydrolysate must be pretreated before using in fermentation. the pretreatment variables considered were: adsorption time (15,37.5, and 60 min) ... | 2002 | 12018268 |
| use of immobilized candida yeast cells for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate: cell immobilization conditions. | candida guilliermondii cells were immobilized in ca-alginate beads and used for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. a full factorial design was employed to determine whether variations in the immobilization conditions would have any effects on the beads, chemical stability and on the xylitol production rates. duplicate fermentation runs were carried out in 125-ml erlenmeyer flasks maintained in a rotatory shaker at 30 degrees c and 200 rpm for 72 h. samples were p ... | 2002 | 12018274 |
| growth of lignocellulosic-fermenting fungi on different substrates under low oxygenation conditions. | four soil fungi able to grow under low oxygenation conditions were selected and used in studies to determine the production of enzymes that promote the degradation of lignocellulosic materials. the capacity of these fungi to ferment such materials was also investigated. the fungi were grown in sugarcane bagasse and sawdust at final concentrations of 4 and 10%, as the carbon sources. the strains were cultivated under microaerophilic and combined conditions of oxygenation (aerobic followed by micr ... | 2002 | 12018291 |
| comparison of the fermentability of enzymatic hydrolyzates of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion using different impregnating agents. | sugarcane bagasse is a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for ethanol production, since it is cheap, readily available, and has a high carbohydrate content. in this work, bagasse was subjected to steam explosion pretreatment with different impregnation conditions. three parallel pretreatments were carried out, one without any impregnation, a second with sulfur dioxide, and a third with sulfuric acid as the impregnating agent. the pretreatments were performed at 205 degrees c for 10 min. the pre ... | 2002 | 12018294 |
| xylose reductase activity of candida guilliermondii during xylitol production by fed-batch fermentation: selection of process variables. | xylose reductase activity of candida guilliermondii fti 20037 was evaluated during xylitol production by fed-batch fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. a 2(4-1) fractional factorial design was used to select process variables. the xylose concentrations in the feeding solution (s(f)) and in the fermentor (s0), the ph, and the aeration rate were selected for optimization of this process, which will be undertaken in the near future. the best experimental result was achieved at s(f) = 45 g ... | 2002 | 12018309 |
| sugarcane, chicken and radish sprouts: a sampling of country food safety experiences. | | 2002 | 12066766 |
| characterisation of potyviruses from sugarcane and maize in china. | sugarcane or maize leaves with mosaic virus symptoms were collected from 13 sites in china. sequence data showed that all 8 samples from maize contained sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv); complete sequences were determined from 2 samples and partial sequences (the ci coding region and the 3'-part of the genome) from the others. the 5 sugarcane samples all contained a virus tentatively described as sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and in three of them scmv was also detected; 2 srmv sequences and the 3 scm ... | 2002 | 12111432 |
| metabolic behavior of immobilized candida guilliermondii cells during batch xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse acid hydrolyzate. | candida guilliermondii cells, immobilized in ca-alginate beads, were used for batch xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzate. maximum xylitol concentration (20.6 g/l), volumetric productivity (0.43 g/l. h), and yield (0.47 g/g) obtained after 48 h of fermentation were higher than similar immobilized-cell systems but lower than free-cell cultivation systems. substrates, products, and biomass concentrations were used in material balances to study the ways in which the dif ... | 2002 | 12115432 |
| evidence for protection of nitrogenase from o(2) by colony structure in the aerobic diazotroph gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is an endophytic diazotroph of sugarcane which exhibits nitrogenase activity when growing in colonies on solid media. nitrogenase activity of g. diazotrophicus colonies can adapt to changes in atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen (po(2)). this paper investigates whether colony structure and the position of g. diazotrophicus cells in the colonies are components of the bacterium's ability to maintain nitrogenase activity at a variety of atmospheric po(2) values. ... | 2002 | 12177323 |
| pakistan. | pakistan's background notes which profile the population, geography, government, and the economy contain a capsule of selected country statistics and a descriptive text. pakistan has 117 million people distributed at 134/sq km with a growth rate of 3%. the major cities are islamabad, rawalpindi, karachi, lahore, and faisalabad. ethnic groups include the punjabi, sindhi, pathan, baluch, and huhajirs. 97% are muslim. urdu is the official language, but 65% speak punjabi, 11% sindhi, and 24% ot ... | 1992 | 12178039 |
| a sugarcane cystatin: recombinant expression, purification, and antifungal activity. | plants possess several defense mechanisms against pathogenic attack. one of these defenses is the use of protease inhibitor proteins, which interfere in the development and growth of pathogens. sugarcane productivity can be impacted by the plant's susceptibility to fungal diseases that result in production losses. a relevant line of investigation, therefore, is into the plant's natural defense mechanisms for the control of phytopathogens using cystatins-proteins that specifically inhibit cystein ... | 2002 | 12207900 |
| analyzing the light energy distribution in the photosynthetic apparatus of c4 plants using highly purified mesophyll and bundle-sheath thylakoids. | the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mesophyll and bundle-sheath thylakoids from plant species with the c4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were investigated using flow cytometry. ten species with the nadp-malic enzyme (nadp-me) biochemical type of c4 photosynthesis were tested: digitaria sanguinalis (l.) scop., euphorbia maculata l., portulaca grandiflora hooker, saccharum officinarum l., setaria viridis (l.) beauv., zea mays l., and four species of the genus flaveria. thi ... | 1996 | 12226432 |
| freundlich adsorption isotherms of agricultural by-product-based powdered activated carbons in a geosmin-water system. | the present study was designed to model the adsorption of geosmin from water under laboratory conditions using the freundlich isotherm model. this model was used to compare the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse and pecan shell-based powdered activated carbon to the efficiency of a coal-based commercial activated carbon (calgon filtrasorb 400). when data were generated from freundlich isotherms, calgon filtrasorb 400 had greater geosmin adsorption at all geosmin concentrations studied than the labo ... | 2002 | 12227536 |
| a nitrogen-fixing endophyte of sugarcane stems (a new role for the apoplast). | the intercellular spaces of sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) stem parenchyma are filled with solution (determined by cryoscanning microscopy), which can be removed aseptically by centrifugation. it contained 12% sucrose (suc; ph 5.5.) and yielded pure cultures of an acid-producing bacterium (approximately 104 bacteria/ml extracted fluid) on n-poor medium containing 10% suc (ph 5.5). this bacterium was identical with the type culture of acetobacter diazotrophicus, a recently discovered n2-fix ... | 1994 | 12232271 |
| electrophysiological studies and identification of possible sex pheromone components of brazilian populations of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis. | virgin female gland extracts of sugarcane moth diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), from three locations in brazil, have been analyzed. by gc-ms analysis and comparison of the chromatographic retention time of the components of the pheromone gland with those retention times of synthetic standards, we observed the presence of (z)-hexadec-11-enal (1), hexadecanal (2), (9e,11z)-hexadecadienal (4), (9z,11z)-hexadecadienal (5) and (9e,11e)-hexadecadienal (6), as minor components ... | 2002 | 12241007 |
| migration, remittances and development: a study of caribbean cane cutters in florida. | the results of a 1981 survey of 302 caribbean sugarcane cutters who were temporary immigrants in florida are presented. the focus is on remittances to the islands of origin. the results provide "no evidence that seasonal stateside employment expands agricultural output, or enhances the productive capacity of small farmers in the caribbean." | 1985 | 12280257 |
| migration within the periphery: haitian labor in the dominican sugar and coffee industries. | "this article presents data on the employment of haitian labor in the sugar and coffee sectors in the dominican economy. the haitian cyclical pattern of migration is related to the enclave pattern of development as it has occurred in the dominican republic. the common features of both coffee and sugarcane production which stimulate the reliance on cheap foreign labor are discussed." | 1982 | 12312174 |
| macro-scale water scarcity requires micro-scale approaches. aspects of vulnerability in semi-arid development. | 4 types of water scarcity exist. aridity and intermittent droughts consist of the natural types while land desiccation and water stress are man-made types. climatic aridity, intermittent droughts, land degradation, and population growth link to create growing critical water scarcity conditions. specifically, in arid lands where only a limited growing season exists anyhow, increased and nonsustaining activities spurred on by population growth degrade soils resulting in interference with water ... | 1989 | 12317608 |
| cellulomonas flavigena: characterization of an endo-1,4-xylanase tightly induced by sugarcane bagasse. | xylanases, an important group of enzymes for biomass degradation in the industry, are commonly found forming complex multienzyme systems. as a preliminary step to the construction of efficient xylanase producers using genetic engineering, we have characterized a gene encoding an endo-beta-1,4 xylanase (xyncfla) from cellulomonas flavigena. the xylanase activity and the xyncfla synthesis were higher when c. flavigena was grown on sugarcane bagasse. in this substrate, both activity and transcript ... | 2002 | 12351232 |
| pheromone-based trapping of west indian sugarcane weevil in a sugarcane plantation. | attraction of metamasius hemipterus (oliver) to gallon and bamboo traps baited with insecticide-treated sugarcane, the male-produced pheromone, 4-methyl-5-nonanol, and 2-methyl-4-heptanol is more efficient if ethyl acetate is added. the optimal traps are ground-level gallon traps baited with insecticide-laced sugarcane, pheromone, and ethyl acetate. capture rates of ground-level gallon traps are doubled by placing an insecticide-laced pad under the trap, but significantly decreased by placing th ... | 2002 | 12371817 |