| the kiwifruit emerging pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae does not produce ahls but possesses three luxr solos. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is an emerging phytopathogen causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit plants worldwide. quorum sensing (qs) gene regulation plays important roles in many different bacterial plant pathogens. in this study we analyzed the presence and possible role of n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) quorum sensing in psa. it was established that psa does not produce ahls and that a typical complete luxi/r qs system is absent in psa strains. psa however possesses thre ... | 2014 | 24498215 |
| reference gene selection for normalization of rt-qpcr gene expression data from actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (rgs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr). in this study, we assessed actinidia deliciosa leaves inoculated with two doses of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae during a period of 13 days for the expression profile of nine candidate rgs. their expression stability was calculated using four algorithms: genorm, normfinder, bestkeeper and the deltact method. glyceraldeh ... | 2015 | 26581656 |
| transcriptome analysis of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) bark in response to armoured scale insect (hemiberlesia lataniae) feeding. | the kiwifruit cultivar actinidia chinensis 'hort16a' is resistant to the polyphagous armoured scale insect pest hemiberlesia lataniae (hemiptera: diaspididae). a cdna microarray consisting of 17,512 unigenes selected from over 132,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) was used to measure the transcriptomic profile of the a. chinensis 'hort16a' canes in response to a controlled infestation of h. lataniae. after 2 days, 272 transcripts were differentially expressed. after 7 days, 5,284 (30%) transcri ... | 2015 | 26571404 |
| complete dna sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of kiwifruit canker disease. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, a disease that has rapidly spread worldwide. we have fully sequenced and assembled the chromosomal and plasmid dna from p. syringae pv. actinidiae icmp 18884 using the pacbio rs ii platform. | 2015 | 26383666 |
| the first complete chloroplast genome sequences in actinidiaceae: genome structure and comparative analysis. | actinidia chinensis is an important economic plant belonging to the basal lineage of the asterids. availability of a complete actinidia chloroplast genome sequence is crucial to understanding phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms and facilitates kiwifruit genetic improvement. we report here the complete nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast genomes for actinidia chinensis and a. chinensis var deliciosa obtained through de novo assembly of illumina paired-end reads prod ... | 2015 | 26046631 |
| outbreak and spread of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 in korea. | a bacterial pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide. psa biovar 3 (psa3) was first detected in 2011 at an orchard in dodeok-myeon, goheunggun, jeonnam province in korea. in this study, we present the results of an epidemiological study regarding psa3 occurrence on kiwifruit orchards in korea for the period of 2013 to 2015. since the first detection of psa3 in 2011, there was no further case reported by 2013. however, psa3 was ... | 2016 | 27904461 |
| d-psa-k: a model for estimating the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. | we developed a model, termed d-psa-k, to estimate the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. the model consisted of three parts including estimation of the amount of necrotic lesion in a non-frozen environment, the rate of necrosis increase in a freezing environment during the overwintering season, and the amount of necrotic lesion on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the overwintering and growing s ... | 2016 | 27904460 |
| antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and estragole extracted from plant essential oils against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. antibacterial activity of plant essential oils (peos) originating from 49 plant species were tested against psa by a vapor diffusion and a liquid culture assays. the five peos from pimenta racemosa, p. dioica, melaleuca linariifolia, m. cajuputii, and cinnamomum cassia efficiently inhibited psa growth by either assays. among their major components, estragole, eugenol, and methyl eugenol showed significant ant ... | 2016 | 27493612 |
| draft genome sequences of five pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum strains isolated in france. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum causes necrotic spots on the leaves of actinidia deliciosa and actinidia chinensis. p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum has been detected in new zealand, australia, france and spain. four lineages were previously identified within the p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum species group. here, we report the draft genome sequences of five strains of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum representative of lineages 1, 2 and 4, isolated in france. the whole genomes of str ... | 2016 | 27237113 |
| draft genome sequences of 18 strains of pseudomonas isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas. | in this paper, we present the draft sequences of 18 genetically diversepseudomonasstrains isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas, including a number that are currently not fully characterized. these sequences will aid in the diagnosis ofpseudomonason kiwifruit for future pest management and border security decision-making. | 2016 | 27056212 |
| development of specific markers for identification of biovars 1 and 2 strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit, can be divided into three biovars (biovars 1, 2, and 3). strains belonging to biovar 1 produce phaseolotoxin and were isolated in japan and italy before 2008. strains of biovar 2 produce coronatine instead of phaseolotoxin and have been isolated only in korea. strains belonging to biovar 3 produce neither phaseolotoxin nor coronatine and are responsible for the global outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in recent ... | 2016 | 27147936 |
| studies on the infection, colonization, and movement of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit tissues using a gfpuv-labeled strain. | kiwifruit bacterial canker, an economically important disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), has caused severe losses in all major areas of kiwifruit cultivation. using a gfpuv-labeled strain of psa, we monitored the invasion, colonization, and movement of the pathogen in kiwifruit twigs, leaves and veins. the pathogen can invade twigs through both wounds and natural openings; the highest number of psa is obtained in cut tissues. we determined that, following spray inoculat ... | 2016 | 26999596 |
| genome analysis of the kiwifruit canker pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 5. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is a destructive pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease, causing severe economic losses to kiwifruit industry worldwide. biovar 5 is the most recently reported biovar of psa, and is found in only a local area of japan at present. there is not much information of genetic characteristics of biovar 5. thus, the genome of biovar 5 was sequenced and analyzed to clarify its detailed genetic characteristics. here, the genomes of strain maff 212056 and m ... | 2016 | 26891997 |
| dkmyb4 is a myb transcription factor involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in persimmon fruit. | proanthocyanidins (pas) are secondary metabolites that contribute to the protection of the plant and also to the taste of the fruit, mainly through astringency. persimmon (diospyros kaki) is unique in being able to accumulate abundant pas in the fruit flesh. fruits of the nonastringent (na)-type mutants lose their ability to produce pa at an early stage of fruit development, while those of the normal astringent (a) type remain rich in pa until fully ripened. the expression of many pa pathway gen ... | 2009 | 19783643 |
| two terpene synthases are responsible for the major sesquiterpenes emitted from the flowers of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). | kiwifruit vines rely on bees for pollen transfer between spatially separated male and female individuals and require synchronized flowering to ensure pollination. volatile terpene compounds, which are important cues for insect pollinator attraction, were studied by dynamic headspace sampling in the major green-fleshed kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) cultivar 'hayward' and its male pollinator 'chieftain'. terpene volatile levels showed a profile dominated by the sesquiterpenes alpha-farnesene and ... | 2009 | 19516075 |
| the kiwifruit lycopene beta-cyclase plays a significant role in carotenoid accumulation in fruit. | the composition of carotenoids, along with anthocyanins and chlorophyll, accounts for the distinctive range of colour found in the actinidia (kiwifruit) species. lutein and beta-carotene are the most abundant carotenoids found during fruit development, with beta-carotene concentration increasing rapidly during fruit maturation and ripening. in addition, the accumulation of beta-carotene and lutein is influenced by the temperature at which harvested fruit are stored. expression analysis of carote ... | 2009 | 19574250 |
| structural basis for the interaction between pectin methylesterase and a specific inhibitor protein. | pectin, one of the main components of the plant cell wall, is secreted in a highly methyl-esterified form and subsequently deesterified in muro by pectin methylesterases (pmes). in many developmental processes, pmes are regulated by either differential expression or posttranslational control by protein inhibitors (pmeis). pmeis are typically active against plant pmes and ineffective against microbial enzymes. here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of the complex between the most abund ... | 2005 | 15722470 |
| increase of rooting ability in the woody species kiwi (actinidia deliciosa a. chev.) by transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes. | the woody species kiwi (actinidia deliciosa a. chev.), a male and late flowering clone of the cv hayward, has been transformed by a t-dna fragment encompassing rol a, b, c genes of a. rhizogenes. transgenic plants, regenerated from leaf disc callus, showed the typical "hairy root" phenotype as described in herbaceous species. explants from these plants (both leaf discs or 3 to 4 node leafy microcuttings) showed an increased ability to produce roots. since root formation is one of the limiting fa ... | 1991 | 24221659 |
| an r2r3 myb transcription factor determines red petal colour in an actinidia (kiwifruit) hybrid population. | red colour in kiwifruit results from the presence of anthocyanin pigments. their expression, however, is complex, and varies among genotypes, species, tissues and environments. an understanding of the biosynthesis, physiology and genetics of the anthocyanins involved, and the control of their expression in different tissues, is required. a complex, the mbw complex, consisting of r2r3-myb and bhlh transcription factors together with a wd-repeat protein, activates anthocyanin 3-o-galactosyltransfe ... | 2013 | 23324587 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of kiwi fruit. | genetically transformed kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa) plants were obtained from hypocotyl and stem segments co-cultured with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harboring a binary vector, plan411 or plan421, which contained the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene and the β-glucuronidase (gus) gene. after co-culturing with the a. tumefaciens, the hypocotyl or stem segments were cultured on a selection medium containing 25μg/ml kanamycin and 500μg/ml claforan. after one month in cul ... | 1991 | 24221658 |
| alt a 1 from alternaria interacts with pr5 thaumatin-like proteins. | alt a 1 is a protein found in alternaria alternata spores related to virulence and pathogenicity and considered to be responsible for chronic asthma in children. we found that spores of alternaria inoculated on the outer surface of kiwifruits did not develop hyphae. nevertheless, the expression of alt a 1 gene was upregulated, and the protein was detected in the pulp where it co-localized with kiwi pr5. pull-down assays demonstrated experimentally that the two proteins interact in such a way tha ... | 2014 | 24642375 |
| foods, drugs and environmental factors: novel kounis syndrome offenders. | kounis syndrome is hypersensitivity coronary disorder induced by various types of environmental exposures, drugs, conditions and stents. allergic, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions are associated with this syndrome. the disorder manifests as coronary spasms, acute myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis and affects the cerebral and mesenteric as well as coronary arteries. importantly, its manifestations are broad and its etiology is continuously increasing. recently, ... | 2015 | 26134186 |
| a novel polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from lathyrus sativus l. seeds. | polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are extracellular plant proteins bound to the plant cell wall containing leucine-rich repeats (lrr). they play an important role in plant defence being able to inhibit fungal endopolygalacturonases (epgs), the first enzymes secreted by phytopathogenic fungi during plant infection. in the present work, a novel pgip (lspgip) has been isolated from lathyrus sativus seeds. lspgip exhibited an inhibitory activity towards epgs from aspergillus niger and rh ... | 2012 | 22762184 |
| a complex inoculant of n2-fixing, p- and k-solubilizing bacteria from a purple soil improves the growth of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) plantlets. | limited information is available if plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) can promote the growth of fruit crops through improvements in soil fertility. this study aimed to evaluate the capacity of pgpb, identified by phenotypic and 16s rrna sequencing from a vegetable purple soil in chongqing, china, to increase soil nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), and potassium (k) availability and growth of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis). in doing so, three out of 17 bacterial isolates with a high capacity of ... | 2016 | 27445991 |
| functional properties of some new zealand fruit extracts towards selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. | the functional properties of aqueous extracts of four fruits commonly consumed in new zealand, namely blueberry, strawberry, green kiwifruit and feijoa, towards the growth of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were investigated in this study. a concentration range of 0.1-30.0 g/l was evaluated in a high-throughput assay to determine their effects. in general, the four fruit extracts exerted growth-stimulating effects on the probiotic bacteria, except with bifidobacterium longum, whereas they were ... | 2012 | 22968373 |
| in vitro utilization of gold and green kiwifruit oligosaccharides by human gut microbial populations. | we examined the effects of whole kiwifruit on gut microbiota using an in vitro batch model of gastric-ileal digestion and colonic fermentation. faecal fermentations of gold and green kiwifruit, inulin and water (control) digests were performed for up to 48 h. as compared to the control, gold and green kiwifruit increased bifidobacterium spp. by 0.9 and 0.8 log(10) cfu/ml, respectively (p < 0.001), and the bacteroides-prevotella-porphyromonas group by 0.4 and 0.5 log(10) cfu/ml, respectively. inu ... | 2012 | 22576129 |
| stress tolerance and biocontrol performance of the yeast antagonist, candida diversa, change with morphology transition. | as an eco-friendly management method, biological control of postharvest diseases, utilizing antagonistic yeasts, is a research topic receiving considerable attention. detailed knowledge on the biology of yeast antagonists is crucial when considering their potential application and development as biocontrol products. changes in the growth form, such as single-cell to pseudohyphae, have been associated with the mode of action in postharvest biocontrol yeasts. in this study, the antagonistic yeast, ... | 2016 | 26637302 |
| identification and characterization of botrytis blossom blight of japanese plums caused by botrytis cinerea and b. prunorum sp. nov. in chile. | blossom blight is a destructive disease of plums (prunus salicina) when humid and temperate weather conditions occur in chile. disease incidence ranging from 4 to 53% has been observed. symptoms include light brown petal necrosis, starting as light brown mottles or v-shaped necrosis at the margins of the petals, progressing to the stamen and pistils. in this study, the etiology of blossom blight of plums was determined. high- and low-sporulating isolates of botrytis were obtained consistently fr ... | 2016 | 26474331 |
| ecofriendly hot water treatment reduces postharvest decay and elicits defense response in kiwifruit. | hot water treatment (hwt) of fruit is an effective approach for managing postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. in the present study, the effects of hwt (45 °c for 10 min) on the growth of botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum in vitro, and gray (b. cinerea) and blue mold (p. expansum) development in kiwifruit were investigated. hwt effectively inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of b. cinerea and p. expansum. reactive oxygen species accumulation and protein impairment ... | 2015 | 26002370 |
| shelf life extension and antioxidant activity of 'hayward' kiwi fruit as a result of prestorage conditioning and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment. | kiwi fruits (actinidia deliciosa c.f. liang et a.r. ferguson) were treated by prestorage conditioning (20 °c for 2 days), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp, 1 ppm for 16 h) and conditioning plus 1-mcp. after the treatment the fruits were immediately stored at 0 °c during 24 weeks. flesh firmness gradually decreased with storage time and the rate of its loss was lower in 1-mcp and conditioning plus 1-mcp treatments than those of control or conditioning. however, ssc, acidity and ph did not change among ... | 2015 | 25892768 |
| biochemical and immunological characterization of a recombinantly-produced antifungal cysteine proteinase inhibitor from green kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa). | plant proteinase inhibitors are considered important defense molecules against insect and pathogen attack. the cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cpi) from green kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) belongs to the cystatin family and shows potent antifungal activity (in vitro and in vivo). however, the low abundance of this molecule in fruit (6μg/g of fresh fruit) seems to limit further investigations on the interaction between phytocystatin and photopathogenic fungi. in this paper the cdna of the kiwi c ... | 2013 | 23830694 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal properties of cysteine proteinase inhibitor from green kiwifruit. | higher plants possess several mechanisms of defense against plant pathogens. proteins actively synthesized in response to those stresses are called defense-related proteins which, among others, include certain protease inhibitors. it is of particular relevance to investigate plant natural defense mechanisms for pathogen control which include cystatins-specific inhibitors of cysteine proteases. | 2012 | 22653546 |
| accessing spoilage features of osmotolerant yeasts identified from kiwifruit plantation and processing environment in shaanxi, china. | osmotolerant yeasts originating from kiwifruit industrial chain can result in spoilage incidences, while little information is available about their species and spoilage features. this work identified possible spoilage osmotolerant yeasts from orchards and a manufacturer (quick-freeze kiwifruit manufacturer) in main producing areas in shaanxi, china and further characterized their spoilage features. a total of 86 osmotolerant isolates dispersing over 29 species were identified through 26s rdna s ... | 2016 | 27294521 |
| characterization of the complete genome of a novel citrivirus infecting actinidia chinensis. | a ssrna virus from kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) was identified as a member of the family betaflexiviridae. it was mechanically transmitted to the herbaceous indicators nicotiana benthamiana, n. clevelandii, n. glutinosa and n. occidentalis. the complete genome was comprised of three orfs and a 3'poly (a) tail. phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome indicated it was a novel member of the genus citrivirus (family betaflexiviridae). the complete nucleotide sequence differed from that of citrus le ... | 2013 | 23494225 |
| antimicrobial peptides against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and erwinia amylovora: chemical synthesis, secondary structure, efficacy, and mechanistic investigations. | we report on structurally modified dodecapeptide amides (kyklfkkilkfl-nh2) and two analogs of a hexapeptide amide (wrwycr-nh2) with antibacterial activity against the gram negative pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) and erwinia amylovora (ea). dodecapeptide minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranged from 3.2 to 15.4 µm, with the unmodified peptide being the most potent against both pathogens. the unmodified dodecapeptide also had 32-58% α-helicity in membrane mimetic enviro ... | 2014 | 24122768 |
| survey of microbial contamination and characterization of escherichia coli in kiwifruit orchards in shaanxi, china, 2013. | the aim of the study was to survey three foodborne pathogens in kiwifruit orchards as a continuous monitoring program. a total of 193 samples were collected from 11 kiwifruit orchards in shaanxi province in october 2013. among the 193 samples, 68 escherichia coli isolates were recovered, while no staphylococcus aureus and salmonella was recovered. all e. coli isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of virulence genes, and the ability to produce biofilm form ... | 2015 | 26267480 |
| ethylene-producing bacteria that ripen fruit. | ethylene is a plant hormone widely used to ripen fruit. however, the synthesis, handling, and storage of ethylene are environmentally harmful and dangerous. we engineered e. coli to produce ethylene through the activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae. efe converts a citric acid cycle intermediate, 2-oxoglutarate, to ethylene in a single step. the production of ethylene was placed under the control of arabinose and blue light responsive regulatory systems. the resu ... | 2014 | 25393892 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella in kiwifruit orchards and processing plants. | the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and diversity of three foodborne bacteria in kiwifruit orchards and processing plants. fourteen kiwifruit orchards and two processing plants in shaanxi province were visited for sampling in 2012. fruit samples and environmental samples in orchards and plants were taken for isolation of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and salmonella. all isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection ... | 2014 | 25054781 |
| influence of green and gold kiwifruit on indices of large bowel function in healthy rats. | the effects of kiwifruit on large bowel health were investigated in healthy rats. four-week old sprague-dawley rats were given diets containing 10% homogenized green kiwifruit, gold kiwifruit or 10% glucose solution (control) over 4 or 6 wk. green kiwifruit increased the fecal output compared to control. growth of certain bacterial species in cecum was influenced by both green and gold kiwifruit. a significant increase in cecal lachnospiraceae in rats fed the green kiwifruit diet was observed at ... | 2014 | 25048562 |
| structural and bioinformatic analysis of the kiwifruit allergen act d 11, a member of the family of ripening-related proteins. | the allergen act d 11, also known as kirola, is a 17 kda protein expressed in large amounts in ripe green and yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. ten percent of all kiwifruit-allergic individuals produce ige specific for the protein. using x-ray crystallography, we determined the first three-dimensional structures of act d 11, produced from both recombinant expression in escherichia coli and from the natural source (kiwifruit). while act d 11 is immunologically correlated with the birch pollen allergen be ... | 2013 | 23969108 |
| draft genome sequences of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae icmp 19971 and icmp 19972, two strains isolated from actinidia chinensis with symptoms of summer canker in south korea. | pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. actinidiae is the causal agent of summer canker in kiwifruit plants in south korea. we report here the draft genome sequences of two p. carotovorum subsp. actinidiae strains, icmp 19971 and icmp 19972, which were originally isolated from actinidia chinensis with symptoms of summer canker. these genome sequences will aid in the identification of genetic traits associated with their unusual capacity to cause canker and help understanding of the threat these exotic ... | 2017 | 28385839 |
| pcppi: a comprehensive database for the prediction of penicillium-crop protein-protein interactions. | penicillium expansum , the causal agent of blue mold, is one of the most prevalent post-harvest pathogens, infecting a wide range of crops after harvest. in response, crops have evolved various defense systems to protect themselves against this and other pathogens. penicillium -crop interaction is a multifaceted process and mediated by pathogen- and host-derived proteins. identification and characterization of the inter-species protein-protein interactions (ppis) are fundamental to elucidating t ... | 2017 | 28365721 |
| evaluation of penicillium expansum for growth, patulin accumulation, nonvolatile compounds and volatile profile in kiwi juices of different cultivars. | patulin (pat) contamination and changes of nonvolatile and volatile compounds caused by penicillium expansum in fresh juices of 8 kiwi cultivars were investigated. growth and pat production of p. expansum were greater at 25°c than at 4°c. p. expansum grew in kiwi juices under ph ranging from 2.75 to 3.27 and produced 45.10-268.88μg/ml of pat at 25°c. decreases occurred in malic acid and soluble protein; while consumption and production simultaneously happened for reducing sugar, total soluble so ... | 2017 | 28317715 |
| pre-harvest application of oxalic acid increases quality and resistance to penicillium expansum in kiwifruit during postharvest storage. | kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. bruno) fruits were sprayed with 5mm oxalic acid (oa) at 130, 137, and 144 days after full blossom, and then harvested at commercial maturity [soluble solid content (ssc) around 10.0%] and stored at room temperature (20 ± 1 °c). pre-harvest application of oa led to fruit with higher ascorbic acid content at harvest, slowed the decreases in fruit firmness and ascorbic acid content and increase in ssc during storage, and also decreased the natural disease incidenc ... | 2016 | 26213007 |
| tackling the bottleneck in bacterial signal transduction research: high-throughput identification of signal molecules. | signal transduction processes are typically initiated by the interaction of signal molecules with sensor domains. the current lack of information on the signal molecules that feed into regulatory circuits forms a major bottleneck that hampers the understanding of regulatory processes. mckellar et al. report a high-throughput approach for the identification of signal molecules, which is based on thermal shift assays of recombinant sensor domains in the absence and presence of compounds from comme ... | 2015 | 25708679 |
| isolation and partial characterization of bacteriophages infecting pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker. | the phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. in the last years, it has caused severe economic losses to actinidia spp. cultivations, mainly in italy and new zealand. conventional strategies adopted did not provide adequate control of infection. phage therapy may be a realistic and safe answer to the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents aiming to control this bacterial pathogen. in this study, we described the isolation an ... | 2014 | 24810619 |
| origin and evolution of the kiwifruit canker pandemic. | recurring epidemics of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) bleeding canker disease are caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa). in order to strengthen understanding of population structure, phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics, we isolated pseudomonas from cultivated and wild kiwifruit across six provinces in china. based on the analysis of eighty sequenced psa genomes we show that china is the origin of the pandemic lineage but that strain diversity in china is confined to just a single ... | 2017 | 28369338 |
| transposon insertion libraries for the characterization of mutants from the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of kiwifruit canker, is one of the most devastating plant diseases of recent times. we have generated two mini-tn5-based random insertion libraries of psa icmp 18884. the first, a 'phenotype of interest' (poi) library, consists of 10,368 independent mutants gridded into 96-well plates. by replica plating onto selective media, the poi library was successfully screened for auxotrophic and motility mutants. lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynt ... | 2017 | 28249011 |
| identification of loci of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae involved in lipolytic activity and their role in colonization of kiwifruit leaves. | bacterial canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit plants, has recently brought about major economic losses worldwide. genetic studies on virulence functions of p. syringae pv. actinidiae have not yet been reported and there is little experimental data regarding bacterial genes involved in pathogenesis. in this study, we performed a genetic screen in order to identify transposon mutants altered in the lipolytic activity because it is known t ... | 2017 | 28112597 |
| evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids. | horizontal gene transfer can precipitate rapid evolutionary change. in 2010 the global pandemic of kiwifruit canker disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) reached new zealand. at the time of introduction, the single clone responsible for the outbreak was sensitive to copper, however, analysis of a sample of isolates taken in 2015 and 2016 showed that a quarter were copper resistant. genome sequences of seven strains showed that copper resistance - comprising czc/cusabc and c ... | 2017 | 28063194 |
| development and validation of an infection risk model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit, using a multiplication and dispersal concept for forecasting bacterial diseases. | a weather-based disease prediction model for bacterial canker of kiwifruit (known worldwide as psa; pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3) was developed using a new mechanistic scheme for bacterial disease forecasters, the multiplication and dispersal concept. bacterial multiplication is estimated from a temperature function, the m index, accumulated from hourly air temperature over 3 days for hours when the leaf canopy is wet. rainfall provides free water to move inoculum to infection si ... | 2017 | 27749150 |
| wide distribution of airborne ice-nucleation active pseudomonas syringae in agricultural environments. | pseudomonas syringae, a phytopathogen with a wide host range, inhabits various environments. among these habitats, air is an important transport environment for microbes, allowing them to disperse over long distances; however, information on the distribution and composition of airborne p. syringae is limited. here, we report the isolation of several groups of airborne p. syringae in japan. since 2013, we have trapped 43 strains of airborne p. syringae species complex, most of which were ice-nucl ... | 2016 | 27247081 |
| detection and characterization of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum in kiwifruit in spain. | bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is currently the major threat to its commercial production worldwide. in 2011, the most virulent type (psa3) was detected for the first time in northwest-spain, in the province of pontevedra. in 2013 surveys, leaves and flower buds with mild symptoms were observed in actinidia deliciosa 'hayward' vines in an orchard at the province of a coruña, suggesting the presence of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (psaf). | 2015 | 26768357 |
| a set of pcrs for rapid identification and characterization of pseudomonas syringae phylogroups. | the aim of this study was to develop a rapid pcr-based method for the specific detection of individual phylogroups of the pseudomonas syringae complex. | 2016 | 26661140 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteriophages against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. owing to the prohibition of agricultural antibiotic use in major kiwifruit-cultivating countries, alternative methods need to be developed to manage this disease. bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect target bacteria and have recently been reconsidered as potential biological control agents for bacterial pathogens owing to their specificity in terms of host range. in this study, we isolated bacterioph ... | 2016 | 26628254 |
| identification of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains causing bacterial canker of kiwifruit in the anhui province of china, and determination of their streptomycin sensitivities. | bacterial canker, caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, is one of the most severe diseases of kiwifruit. it has become an international pandemic and threatens the sustainable development of kiwifruit production in all main kiwi-growing regions worldwide. streptomycin has been the major bactericide for the control of kiwifruit canker, especially in anhui province, one of the main kiwifruit production regions in china. however, until now, no studies on the baseline sensitivity to streptom ... | 2015 | 26345745 |
| antibacterial activity of essential oils mixture against psa. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit. it is very difficult to treat pandemic disease. the prolonged treatment with antibiotics, has resulted in failure and resistance and alternatives to conventional antimicrobial therapy are needed. the aim of our study was to analyse the phenotypic characteristics of psa, identify new substances from natural source i.e. essential oils (eos) able to contain the kiwifruit canker and investigate their pote ... | 2016 | 25782920 |
| a high-throughput screen for ligand binding reveals the specificities of three amino acid chemoreceptors from pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | chemoreceptors play a central role in chemotaxis, allowing bacteria to detect chemical gradients and bias their swimming behavior in order to navigate toward favorable environments. the genome of the kiwifruit pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) strain nz-v13 encodes 43 predicted chemoreceptors, none of which has been characterized. we developed a high-throughput fluorescence-based thermal shift assay for identifying the signal molecules that are recognized by a given chemorecept ... | 2015 | 25656450 |
| [agrobacterium-mediated transformation of ljamp2 gene into 'red sun' kiwifruit and its molecular identification]. | bacterial canker caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is one of the most important diseases of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) and leads to considerable yield losses. in order to obtain transgenic plants with resistance for 'red sun' kiwifruit to canker disease, a non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein gene (ljamp2) from motherwort (leonurus japonicus) was introduced into 'red sun' kiwifruit through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. after two days of co-cult ... | 2014 | 25212010 |
| a framework to gauge the epidemic potential of plant pathogens in environmental reservoirs: the example of kiwifruit canker. | new economically important diseases on crops and forest trees emerge recurrently. an understanding of where new pathogenic lines come from and how they evolve is fundamental for the deployment of accurate surveillance methods. we used kiwifruit bacterial canker as a model to assess the importance of potential reservoirs of new pathogenic lineages. the current kiwifruit canker epidemic is at least the fourth outbreak of the disease on kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae in the mere 50 years ... | 2015 | 24986268 |
| proteomic analysis of the actinidia deliciosa leaf apoplast during biotrophic colonization by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | for plant pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to the apoplast is considered as key in the establishment of the parasitic lifestyle. pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), the causal agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit, uses leaves as the entry site to colonize plants. through a combined approach based on 2-de, nanolc-esi-lit-ms/ms and quantitative pcr, we investigated psa colonization of the actinidia deliciosa "hayward" leaf apoplast during the bacterial biotrophic phase. a total of 58 d ... | 2014 | 24530627 |
| proteomic changes in actinidia chinensis shoot during systemic infection with a pandemic pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strain. | a pandemic, very aggressive population of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is currently causing severe economic losses to kiwifruit crops worldwide. upon leaf attack, this gram-negative bacterium systemically reaches the plant shoot in a week period. in this study, combined 2-de and nanolc-esi-lit-ms/ms procedures were used to describe major proteomic changes in actinidia chinensis shoot following bacterial inoculation in host leaf. a total of 117 differentially represented protein spots were ... | 2013 | 23099348 |
| phylogenetic relationships among global populations of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | abstract pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) vines, was first detected in japan in 1984, followed by detections in korea and italy in the early 1990s. isolates causing more severe disease symptoms have recently been detected in several countries with a wide global distribution, including italy, new zealand, and china. in order to characterize p. syringae pv. actinidiae populations globally, a representative set of 40 isolates from new zea ... | 2012 | 22877312 |
| bacterial canker on kiwifruit in italy: anatomical changes in the wood and in the primary infection sites. | the bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. many aspects of p. syringae pv. actinidiae biology and epidemiology still require in-depth investigation. the infection by and spread of p. syringae pv. actinidiae in xylem and phloem was investigated by carrying out artificial inoculation experiments with histological and dendrochronological analyses of naturally diseased plants in italy. we found that the bacter ... | 2012 | 22713076 |
| pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: a re-emerging, multi-faceted, pandemic pathogen. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker of green-fleshed kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) and yellow-fleshed kiwifruit (a. chinensis). a recent, sudden, re-emerging wave of this disease has occurred, almost contemporaneously, in all of the main areas of kiwifruit production in the world, suggesting that it can be considered as a pandemic disease. recent in-depth genetic studies performed on p. syringae pv. actinidiae strains have revealed that this pathovar is ... | 2012 | 22353258 |
| effects of six commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on phenolic attributes, antioxidant activity, and aroma of kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv.) wine. | "hayward" kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv.), widely planted all around the world, were fermented with six different commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (bm4×4, ra17, rc212, wlp77, jh-2, and cr476) to reveal their influence on the phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity, and aromatic components. significant differences in the levels of caffeic acid, protocatechuate, and soluble solid content were found among wines with the six fermented strains. wines fermented with rc212 strain exhibit ... | 2017 | 28251154 |
| two subclasses of differentially expressed tps1 genes and biochemically active tps1 proteins may contribute to sugar signalling in kiwifruit actinidia chinensis. | trehalose metabolism and its intermediate trehalose-6-phosphate (t6p) are implicated in sensing and signalling sucrose availability. four class i trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) genes were identified in kiwifruit, three of which have both the tps and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tpp) domain, while the fourth gene gives rise to a truncated transcript. the transcript with highest sequence homology to arabidopsis tps1, designated tps1.1a was the most highly abundant tps1 transcript in a ... | 2016 | 27992562 |
| overall quality properties of kiwifruit treated by cinnamaldehyde and citral: microbial, antioxidant capacity during cold storage. | this work was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological characteristics and antioxidant and physiological activities in kiwifruits (actinida deliciosa var. qinmei) with/without cinnamaldehyde (c1) and citral (c2) fumigation treatments (5 μl/l) during 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage at 4 °c. essential oils (eos) treatment lowered the total viable counts, yeast, and mold to 1.54, 2.36, and 2.05 log cfu/g, respectively. moreover, eos improved the antioxidant activities of kiwifruit. they enhanced ... | 2016 | 27802570 |
| optimization of postharvest ultrasonic treatment of kiwifruit using rsm. | this study reports the optimization of ultrasonic treatment combined with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) solution on kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa) to evaluate its effect on microbial population, respiration rate and its textural quality. response surface methodology (rsm) based on four factors three level central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of process variables on ultrasonic treatment. four independent variables include ultrasonic intensity (184-368w/cm(2)), temperatur ... | 2016 | 27150778 |
| yeast surface display is a novel tool for the rapid immunological characterization of plant-derived food allergens. | high-throughput characterization of allergens relies often on phage display technique which is subject to the limitations of a prokaryotic expression system. substituting the phage display platform with a yeast surface display could lead to fast immunological characterization of allergens with complex structures. our objective was to evaluate the potential of yeast surface display for characterization of plant-derived food allergens. the coding sequence of mature actinidin (act d 1) was cloned i ... | 2015 | 25537533 |
| hypolipidaemic foods in china. | with the changes in dietary pattern in china, in recent years, hyperlipidaemia has become an important problem in the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases, especially the cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases. from studies on laboratory animals and people with hyperlipidaemia, a number of hypolipidaemic foods and beverages have been identified, of relevance to traditional chinese food culture. their absence from the diet may, in part account for the increasing prevalence of hyperlipidaemia i ... | 1996 | 24394619 |
| identification of circular rnas in kiwifruit and their species-specific response to bacterial canker pathogen invasion. | research studies have recently focused on circle rnas (circrnas) in relation to their regulatory functions in animals. however, the systematic identification of circrnas in plants, especially non-model plants, is limited. in addition, raw report on the prediction of the potential role of circrnas in plant response to pathogen invasion is currently available. we conducted the systematic identification of circrnas from four materials originating from three species belonging to genus actinidia unde ... | 2017 | 28396678 |
| actinidic acid, a new triterpene phytoalexin from unripe kiwi fruit. | seven phytoalexins (1-7), including a new compound, were isolated from the peel of unripe kiwi fruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. golden king) that had been wounded and inoculated with colletotrichum musae. the new phytoalexin (1) was identified as 2alpha,3beta,23-trihydroxy-12,20(30)-ursadien-28-oic acid, and named actinidic acid. phytoalexins 2-6 are known triterpenes but have not previously been described as phytoalexins. phytoalexin 7 is the same triterpene as the phytoalexin of nectarine fruit. | 2001 | 11302196 |
| three ft and multiple cen and bft genes regulate maturity, flowering, and vegetative phenology in kiwifruit. | kiwifruit is a woody perennial horticultural crop, characterized by excessive vegetative vigor, prolonged juvenility, and low productivity. to understand the molecular factors controlling flowering and winter dormancy, here we identify and characterize the kiwifruit pebp (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) gene family. five cen-like and three bft-like genes are differentially expressed and act as functionally conserved floral repressors, while two mft-like genes have no impact on flowerin ... | 2017 | 28369532 |
| identification and expression analysis of photoreceptor genes in kiwifruit leaves under natural daylength conditions and their relationship with other genes that regulate photoperiodic flowering. | kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (a. chev) a. chev.) is a dioecious vine highly dependent on pollination, which is limited by a lack of synchrony of flowering time between male and female plants. in many plant species, the regulation of the timing of flowering depends largely on seasonal cues such as photoperiod, which is detected by photoreceptors. in this report, we determined the full sequences of the phyb (acphyb) and phya (acphya) genes and a partial sequence of the cry2 (accry ... | 2017 | 28363189 |
| physicochemical properties of kiwifruit starch. | three varieties of golden kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) (gold3, gold9 and hort16a) were collected at the commercial harvesting time, and physicochemical properties of starches from core and outer pericarp were studied. starch contents (dry weight basis) in outer pericarp and core tissues ranged from 38.6 to 51.8% and 34.6 to 40.7%, respectively. all the kiwifruit starches showed b-type polymorph. compared to the outer pericarp starches, amylose content and enzyme susceptibility of core starche ... | 2017 | 27855880 |
| equicarbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit for wheaten cereal reduces postprandial glycaemia without decreasing satiety. | kiwifruit is a carbohydrate food of low glycaemic potency which could potentially be exchanged for starch-based foods in management of postprandial glycaemia. the effect of equicarbohydrate partial exchange of kiwifruit varieties 'hayward' green (gr) and 'zesy002' (sungold; sg) for a starchy wheat-based breakfast cereal (wb) on the characteristics of the postprandial glycaemic response and satiety was therefore determined. a total of twenty non-diabetic subjects (mean age 36 years; mean bmi 24·5 ... | 2016 | 27752304 |
| effect of putrescine treatment on chilling injury, fatty acid composition and antioxidant system in kiwifruit. | we investigated the effects of different concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 4 mm) of putrescine on chilling injury, fruit quality, ethylene production rate, fatty acid composition and the antioxidant system of cold-stored kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis planch. var. chinensis 'hongyang'). we achieved a significant decrease in ethylene production, maintained fruit quality and alleviated chilling injury during storage via treatment with 2 mm putrescine. furthermore, putrescine treatment inhibited increase ... | 2016 | 27607076 |
| comprehensive transcriptome profiling reveals long noncoding rna expression and alternative splicing regulation during fruit development and ripening in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis). | genomic and transcriptomic data on kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) in public databases are very limited despite its nutritional and economic value. previously, we have constructed and sequenced nine fruit rna-seq libraries of a. chinensis "hongyang" at immature, mature, and postharvest ripening stages of fruit development, and generated over 66.2 million paired-end and 24.4 million single-end reads. from this dataset, here we have identified 7051 long noncoding rnas (lncrnas), 29,327 alternative ... | 2016 | 27594858 |
| microarray analysis of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) bark following challenge by the sucking insect hemiberlesia lataniae (hemiptera: diaspididae). | both commercial and experimental genotypes of kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) exhibit large differences in response to insect pests. an understanding of the vine's physiological response to insect feeding and its genetic basis will be important in assisting the development of varieties with acceptable levels of pest resistance. this experiment describes transcriptome changes observed in the bark of kiwifruit 2 and 7 days after the commencement of feeding by the armored scale insect pest, hemiberlesia ... | 2016 | 26981426 |
| identification and validation of reference genes for accurate normalization of real-time quantitative pcr data in kiwifruit. | identification and validation of reference genes are required for the normalization of qpcr data. we studied the expression stability produced by eight primer pairs amplifying four common genes used as references for normalization. samples representing different tissues, organs and developmental stages in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa (a. chev.) a. chev.) were used. a total of 117 kiwifruit samples were divided into five sample sets (mature leaves, axillary buds, stigmatic arms, ... | 2016 | 26897117 |
| the hybrid non-ethylene and ethylene ripening response in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) is associated with differential regulation of mads-box transcription factors. | ripening in tomato is predominantly controlled by ethylene, whilst in fruit such as grape, it is predominantly controlled by other hormones. the ripening response of many kiwifruit (actinidia) species is atypical. the majority of ripening-associated fruit starch hydrolysis, colour change and softening occurs in the apparent absence of ethylene production (phase 1 ripening) whilst phase 2 ripening requires autocatalytic ethylene production and is associated with further softening and an increase ... | 2015 | 26714876 |
| kiwifruit information resource (kir): a comparative platform for kiwifruit genomics. | the kiwifruit information resource (kir) is dedicated to maintain and integrate comprehensive datasets on genomics, functional genomics and transcriptomics of kiwifruit (actinidiaceae). kir serves as a central access point for existing/new genomic and genetic data. kir also provides researchers with a variety of visualization and analysis tools. current developments include the updated genome structure of actinidia chinensis cv. hongyang and its newest genome annotation, putative transcripts, ge ... | 2015 | 26656885 |
| correction: gene expression profiling of development and anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) based on transcriptome sequencing. | | 2015 | 26376184 |
| high-density interspecific genetic maps of kiwifruit and the identification of sex-specific markers. | kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis planchon) is an important specialty fruit crop that suffers from narrow genetic diversity stemming from recent global commercialization and limited cultivar improvement. here, we present high-density rad-seq-based genetic maps using an interspecific f1 cross between actinidia rufa 'mt570001' and a. chinensis 'guihai no4'. the a. rufa (maternal) map consists of 2,426 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers with a total length of 2,651 cm in 29 linkage groups (l ... | 2015 | 26370666 |
| production of transgenic kiwifruit plants harboring the sbtcry1ac gene. | the kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis planch.) is an economically and nutritionally important fruit crop that has a remarkably high vitamin c content and is popular throughout the world. however, kiwifruit plants are vulnerable to attack from pests, and effective pest control is urgently required. transgenic kiwifruit plants containing the synthetic chimeric gene sbtcry1ac that encodes the insecticidal protein btcrylac were obtained through an agrobacterium-mediated transformation of kiwifruit leaf ... | 2015 | 26345776 |
| gene expression profiling of development and anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) based on transcriptome sequencing. | red-fleshed kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis planch. 'hongyang') is a promising commercial cultivar due to its nutritious value and unique flesh color, derived from vitamin c and anthocyanins. in this study, we obtained transcriptome data of 'hongyang' from seven developmental stages using illumina sequencing. we mapped 39-54 million reads to the recently sequenced kiwifruit genome and other databases to define gene structure, to analyze alternative splicing, and to quantify gene transcript abunda ... | 2015 | 26301713 |
| in vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. | a new actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. digested zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro ph-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16s rrna gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid ch ... | 2015 | 26123782 |
| functional and expression analyses of kiwifruit soc1-like genes suggest that they may not have a role in the transition to flowering but may affect the duration of dormancy. | the mads-domain transcription factor suppressor of overexpression of constans1 (soc1) is one of the key integrators of endogenous and environmental signals that promote flowering in the annual species arabidopsis thaliana. in the deciduous woody perennial vine kiwifruit (actinidia spp.), environmental signals are integrated to regulate annual cycles of growth and dormancy. accumulation of chilling during winter is required for dormancy break and flowering in spring. in order to understand the re ... | 2015 | 25979999 |
| extraction and characterisation of pomace pectin from gold kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis). | gold kiwifruit pomace extracted using citric acid, water and enzyme (celluclast 1.5l) were studied in terms of pectin yield, protein, ash, non-starch polysaccharide, galacturonic acid (gala), neutral sugar composition, molar mass (mw), viscosity and degree of branching. water-extracted pectin was considered closest to its native form. enzyme extracted pectin showed the highest yield (∼ 4.5%w/w) as compared with the acid and water extraction methods (∼ 3.6-3.8%w/w). pectin obtained from different ... | 2015 | 25977029 |
| natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit: transcriptional regulation of terpene synthases by nac and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factors. | two kiwifruit (actinidia) species with contrasting terpene profiles were compared to understand the regulation of fruit monoterpene production. high rates of terpinolene production in ripe actinidia arguta fruit were correlated with increasing gene and protein expression of a. arguta terpene synthase1 (aatps1) and correlated with an increase in transcript levels of the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs). actinidia chinensis terpene sy ... | 2015 | 25649633 |
| the impact of cold storage and ethylene on volatile ester production and aroma perception in 'hort16a' kiwifruit. | fruit esters are regarded as key volatiles for fruit aroma. in this study, the effects of cold storage on volatile ester levels of 'hort16a' (actinidia chinensis planch. var chinensis) kiwifruit were examined and the changes in aroma perception investigated. cold storage (1.5°c) for two or four months of fruit matched for firmness and soluble solids concentration resulted in a significant reduction in aroma-related esters such as methyl/ethyl propanoate, methyl/ethyl butanoate and methyl/ethyl h ... | 2015 | 25236191 |
| high-temperature inhibition of biosynthesis and transportation of anthocyanins results in the poor red coloration in red-fleshed actinidia chinensis. | in plants, the role of anthocyanins trafficking in response to high temperature has been rarely studied, and therefore poorly understood. red-fleshed kiwifruit has stimulated the world kiwifruit industry owing to its appealing color. however, fruit in warmer climates have been found to have poor flesh coloration, and the factors responsible for this response remain elusive. partial correlation and regression analysis confirmed that accumulative temperatures above 25 °c (t25) was one of the domin ... | 2015 | 25143057 |
| crystal structure of kiwellin, a major cell-wall protein from kiwifruit. | kiwellin is a cysteine-rich, cell wall-associated protein with no known structural homologues. it is one of the most abundant proteins in kiwifruit (actinidia spp.), and has been shown to be recognised by ige of some patients allergic to kiwifruit. cleavage of kiwellin into an n-terminal 4 kda peptide called kissper and a core domain called kith is mediated by actinidin in vitro, and isolation of the kissper peptide from green-fleshed kiwifruit extracts suggested it may result from in vivo proce ... | 2014 | 25093947 |
| structure characterization and anti-tyrosinase mechanism of polymeric proanthocyanidins fractionated from kiwifruit pericarp. | to provide information on the structure, activity, and structure-activity relationship of kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) pericarp proanthocyanidins (pas), they were separated into three fractions. these fractions were further identified by maldi-tof ms and hplc-esi-ms methods. spectra results revealed that they are complex mixtures of b-type propelargonidins, procyanidins, procyanidins gallate, and prodelphinidins. enzymatic activity analysis showed that these compounds strongly inhibit the act ... | 2014 | 24939165 |
| programmed cell death in kiwifruit stigmatic arms and its relationship to the effective pollination period and the progamic phase. | kiwifruit is a crop with a highly successful reproductive performance, which is impaired by the short effective pollination period of female flowers. this study investigates whether the degenerative processes observed in both pollinated and non-pollinated flowers after anthesis may be considered to be programmed cell death (pcd). | 2014 | 24782437 |
| [establishment of high frequency regeneration via leaf explants of 'red sun' kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis)]. | a high efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed from leaf explants of the female 'red sun' kiwifruit (actinidia chinensis) and the multiplication coefficient and rooting rate of adventitious buds were also optimized. this method does not require formation of callus tissues which leads to somaclonal variations. the results show that the adventitious buds developing directly from explants tissue were noticed after 30 d of culture. the maximum regeneration frequency of adventitious bu ... | 2013 | 24701825 |
| an extremely rare trigger of kounis syndrome: actinidia chinensis. | | 2014 | 24456873 |
| dietary actinidin from kiwifruit (actinidia deliciosa cv. hayward) increases gastric digestion and the gastric emptying rate of several dietary proteins in growing rats. | dietary actinidin influences the extent to which some dietary proteins are digested in the stomach, and it is hypothesized that the latter modulation will in turn affect their gastric emptying rate (ge). in this study, the effect of dietary actinidin on ge and gastric digestion of 6 dietary protein sources was determined in growing rats. each dietary protein source [beef muscle, gelatin, gluten, soy protein isolate (spi), whey protein isolate, and zein] was included in 2 semisynthetic diets as t ... | 2014 | 24431326 |
| meiotic chromosome pairing behaviour of natural tetraploids and induced autotetraploids of actinidia chinensis. | non-preferential chromosome pairing was identified in tetraploid actinidia chinensis and a higher mean multivalent frequency in pollen mother cells was found in colchine-induced tetraploids of a. chinensis compared with naturally occurring tetraploids. diploid and tetraploid actinidia chinensis are used for the development of kiwifruit cultivars. diploid germplasm can be exploited in a tetraploid breeding programme via unreduced (2n) gametes and chemical-induced chromosome doubling of diploid cu ... | 2014 | 24306317 |