| evaluation of some serological techniques for the identification of mycoplasma hyorhinis and mycoplasma suipneumoniae. | | 1974 | 4604451 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses of pigs inoculated with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | cellular and humoral immune responses of pigs inoculated with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were investigated at postinoculation weeks (piw) 2, 4, and 6. the response of blood lymphocytes (bl) and bronchial lymph node lymphocytes (lnl) to stimulation by m hyopneumoniae antigens was evaluated by a lymphocyte-stimulation test. specific antibodies in serum and lung washing samples were assayed by elisa. immunoglobulin-positive cells in lungs and bronchial lymph nodes were identified by indirect fluoresc ... | 1990 | 2405753 |
| effect of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections, pyrantel treatment and protein nutrition on performance of pigs exposed to soil containing ascaris suum ova. | | 1973 | 4703718 |
| experimental infections of gnotobiotic piglets with pasteurella septica (sero-group a) alone or with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1973 | 4727890 |
| an indirect haemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using formalinized tanned swine erythrocytes. | | 1973 | 4728117 |
| preliminary studies on the cell-mediated immune response in pigs to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1973 | 4770238 |
| enzootic pneumonia of pigs: immunization attempts inoculating mycoplasma suipneumoniae antigen by various routes and with different adjuvants. | | 1973 | 4770241 |
| evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine. | during 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/l o ... | 1988 | 3170319 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1987 | 2438659 |
| production of enzootic pneumonia in pigs with mycoplasma suipneumoniae grown in embryonated hens' eggs. | | 1968 | 4886625 |
| mycoplasma suipneumoniae isolated in denmark. | | 1969 | 4901485 |
| gene expression signals in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and mycoplasma capricolum. | in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the single genes for 16s and 23s rrnas are clustered in one operon from which the 5s rrna gene is separated by more than 4 kbp. this operon, gene 2413 and gene x from m. hyopneumoniae and the 5' ends of both rrna operons from m. capricolum were cloned and used for analysis of the following gene expression signals: promoters and terminators of the dna-directed rna polymerase, ribosomal binding sites of mrna, and sites for processing of precursor rrna. the analyses wer ... | 1987 | 2444558 |
| reiterated dna sequences defining genomic diversity within the species mycoplasma hyorhinis. | genomic restriction fragments isolated from mycoplasma hyorhinis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were shown by dna hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses to contain sequences common to these two species, as well as another porcine-derived mycoplasma, mycoplasma flocculare. intraspecies hybridization experiments using these fragments as probes indicated that the sequence is highly redundant in several strains of m. hyorhinis, but that there is diversity in the sizes of restriction fragments ... | 1988 | 2460718 |
| the survival of mycoplasma suipneumoniae in liquid medium, on solid medium and in pneumonic tissue. | | 1972 | 5036322 |
| isolation of mycoplasma suipneumoniae from the nasal cavities and lungs of pigs affected with enzootic pneumonia or exposed to this infecion. | | 1972 | 5043128 |
| immunoblotting analysis of antibody response in swine experimentally inoculated with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | serological cross-reactivity among swine mycoplasmas, and porcine antibody response to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens during experimental infection were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the immunoblotting technique. mycoplasmas solubilized with tween 20 were used as antigen. cross-reactivity between m. hyopneumoniae and m. flocculare was indicated by elisa and it was demonstrated by immunoblotting, which revealed that the predominant cross-reactive antigens were c ... | 1988 | 3252616 |
| preparation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | methods of preparation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect specific antibody, and properties of the antigens, are described. the reactivity and specificity of antigen prepared by sephacryl s-300 column chromatography after treatment of m. hyopneumoniae cells with tween 20 (s-300 antigen) were superior to those of antigen prepared by sephadex g-25 column chromatography after treatment with tween 20, or to lipid antigen. there were no difference ... | 1989 | 2523756 |
| selective isolation of mycoplasma suipneumoniae from pneumonic lesions in pigs. | | 1971 | 5167328 |
| sensitivity of mycoplasma suipneumoniae to penicillin-g. | | 1971 | 5206577 |
| [the influence of previous infections on the development of experimental swine pleuropneumonia in specific pathogen free pigs]. | this study was designed to determine in six-week old specific pathogen free pigs, the effect of previous experimental exposure to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and transmissible gastroenteritis virus on a challenge infection with actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. pigs exposed simultaneously to m. hyopneumoniae and transmissible gastroenteritis virus appeared more resistant to challenge (one week later) with a. pleuropneumoniae. four pigs out of a group of ten died following the challenge infection, co ... | 1989 | 2531628 |
| further observations on the problem of isolating mycoplasma suipneumoniae from field cases of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. | in previous work in this laboratory, mycoplasma suipneumoniae was recovered in liquid medium from 13% of individual cases and 18% of outbreaks of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. in the work now described, however, these recovery rates, when judged by the same criteria, were 45 and 75%, respectively. as there was evidence to suggest that this second series of pneumonic cases was less suitable for cultural examination than the first series, some of the other factors that might have improved the recove ... | 1970 | 5270206 |
| the mycoplasma hyopneumoniae plasma membrane as a vaccine against porcine enzootic pneumonia. | from an economical standpoint, the colonization of the respiratory epithelium by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the mollicute responsible for enzootic pneumonia in pigs which leads to a reduction in the weight gain/feed ratio, has serious consequences in very young animals; we show here that its is possible to efficiently protect these animals with the colostral antibodies raised in sows immunized during their gestation with m. hyopneumoniae bq14 membranes. in an experiments using 9 sows and 75 pigle ... | 1987 | 3440060 |
| a mycoplasma genetic element resembling prokaryotic insertion sequences. | nucleotide sequence analysis of two mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-derived copies of a repetitive genetic element revealed structural similarities to typical prokaryotic insertion sequences. this is the first such sequence identified in the class mollicutes. the element spans approximately 1550bp, with 28bp inverted terminal repeats. two open reading frames occur within the sequence, one potentially encoding a protein with a size-variant alpha-helical domain containing heptameric leucine periodicity. ... | 1989 | 2552257 |
| demonstration of complement-fixation antibody against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the sera of pigs infected with swine enzootic pneumonia. | | 1968 | 5753358 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune response to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs enhanced by dextran sulfate. | the effect of dextran sulfate (ds), known to be cytotoxic to macrophages, on the cell-mediated and humoral immune response to nonviable mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs was investigated. the cell-mediated immune response was determined by means of lymphocyte transformation a test, using uptake of [3h]thymidine in a microculture system and the humoral immune response by means of a microplate complement-fixation test. peripheral blood lymphocytes from pigs vaccinated with nonviable m hyopneumoniae ... | 1985 | 2581484 |
| tween 20 soluble proteins of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as antigen for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | the preparation of an antigen of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae containing selected proteins after treatment with the neutral detergent tween 20 and purification on sephadex g25 is described. the antigenic activity and the specificity were determined by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared with that of a whole-cell, sds-solubilised antigen. the tween 20 purified antigen showed a comparable activity but a higher specificity. | 1980 | 6166972 |
| in vitro activity of tiamulin against porcine mycoplasmas. | the activity of tiamulin against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, m flocculare, m hyorhinis and m hyosynoviae grown in liquid medium was assessed in vitro. with the first three of these mycoplasmas, the activity of tylosin and oxytetracycline was observed in parallel. tiamulin was more active against m hyopneumoniae and m flocculare, but there was less disparity between the three antibiotics with the strain of m hyorhinis tested. tiamulin was notably more active against m hyosynoviae than against m hyo ... | 1985 | 3975477 |
| apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: search for possible causes. | in a control scheme for enzootic-pneumonia-free herds, run by the pig health control association, a detailed study was made of 55 herds that developed enzootic pneumonia without a simple explanation. these herds were compared with 57 herds that were still free from enzootic pneumonia in mid-1984. a high standard of precautions against the risk of infection being transferred by people and fomites seemed to confer no obvious benefit. this observation was in keeping with in vitro studies which show ... | 1985 | 4024433 |
| suppressive effect of nonviable mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation of swine lymphocytes. | the effect of nonviable mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on transformation of swine peripheral blood lymphocytes by mitogen was investigated. lymphocyte transformation was evaluated as incorporation of [3h]-thymidine, using a microculture system. mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was grown in friis medium, inactivated with sodium azide, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline solution. four strains of m hyopneumoniae, strain j, strain 11, and 2 low-passage isolates (1361a, 1375c), were found to suppress phytoh ... | 1985 | 4073648 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs immunosuppressed by thymectomy and treatment with antithymocyte serum. | the effect of immunosuppression on mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection was evaluated by comparing data from infected, thymectomized, and antithymocyte serum-treated pigs (group 1) with data from infected (group 2) and noninfected (group 3) healthy pigs. after groups 1 and 2 pigs were inoculated intranasally with m hyopneumoniae, mycoplasmas tended to multiply slightly more in the lungs and bronchial lymph nodes of group 1 pigs than that of group 2 pigs. organisms were also isolated from the splee ... | 1984 | 6333838 |
| enzootic pneumonia in pigs: identification of a causative mycoplasma in infected pigs and in cultures by immunofluorescent staining. | immunofluorescent staining has been used to identify mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in smears of broth cultures, in infected pig testicle cell cultures, and in frozen cut sections of pneumonic lungs from field and experimentally produced cases of enzootic pneumonia. in the pneumonic pig lung, fluorescent staining was limited to the surface of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium and to the contained exudate. in a series of trials using experimentally infected pigs fluorescence was not detected unt ... | 1970 | 4246002 |
| tube agglutination tests with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and m. hyorhinis. | | 1974 | 4475607 |
| response of swine to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. | | 1973 | 4689629 |
| experimental infection of pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (suipneumoniae). | | 1974 | 4820079 |
| analysis of transcription and processing signals of the 16s-23s rrna operon of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the 16s and 23s rrna genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are closely spaced in one operon. the two genes are separated by a spacer region of 500 bp which shows no sequence homology to bacterial trna genes. within this operon seven 5' and five 3' ends of various rrna species were mapped and the corresponding dna was sequenced. the results are consistent with the following model for synthesis of rrnas: transcription of the operon is initiated from either of two tandemly arranged promoters leading to ... | 1986 | 3470591 |
| organization of the ribosomal rna genes in mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: the 5s rrna gene is separated from the 16s and 23s rrna genes. | in order to study the organization of the ribosomal rna genes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae the rrna genes were cloned in phage vectors lambda embl3 and lambda embl4. by subcloning the restriction fragments into various plasmids and analysing the resulting clones by southern and northern blot hybridization, a restriction map of the rrna genes was generated and the organization of the rrna genes was determined. the results show that the genes for the 16s and 23s rrnas are closely spaced and occur o ... | 1986 | 3550383 |
| early serological responses to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. | a complement fixation (cf) test for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibody, using the complement dilution method, will detect infection in inoculated pigs at an early stage. the interval between inoculation and the first positive cf response--defined as 4.6 u of complement fixed--was determined for four separate methods of inoculation and for pigs with artificially induced pneumonia. sera from two groups were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). by cf, the i.v. group showed positi ... | 1987 | 3667231 |
| apparent reinfection of enzootic-pneumonia-free pig herds: early signs and incubation period. | since 1959, the pig health control association (phca) has run a national health-control scheme for pig herds believed to be free from enzootic pneumonia. during this time, many herds developed this disease without a simple explanation. from 1968, 55 such unexplained breakdowns have been studied in detail. the first signs in 50 breakdowns were either coughing in growing pigs (52 per cent of outbreaks), illness in adult stock (34 per cent of outbreaks) or pneumonia in routinely slaughtered pigs (1 ... | 1984 | 6495592 |
| cross-reactions between mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and mycoplasma flocculare--practical implications for the serodiagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. | previous studies using hyperimmune antisera revealed significant serologic cross-reactions between mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and m. flocculare. these findings, coupled with observations that m. flocculare infection may be widespread, indicated that antibodies to m. flocculare might be common in swine sera and thus cause nonspecific reactions in serodiagnostic tests for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (mps). information reported here indicates that this premise may be invalid. twenty-one swine were ... | 1987 | 3667232 |
| assessment of a complement fixation test to detect mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. | serums from pigs slaughtered at abattoirs were tested for evidence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection using a complement fixation (cf) test which avoids the procomplementary effect of pig serum. to establish a diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia, the lungs from all sampled pigs were examined for pathological and histological changes consistent with the disease and cultures were made for mycoplasmas and bacteria. the study was carried out at parkville and bendigo 160 km apart at different times an ... | 1984 | 6497806 |
| effect of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection on the development of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae pneumonia in pigs. | | 1984 | 6513243 |
| use of monoclonal antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | a double-sandwich elisa using monoclonal antibody (mcab) has been developed for the detection of swine antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. mcab recognizing a 46-kilodalton (kda) component of m. hyopneumoniae was employed for coating polystyrene microplate wells. in a comparison, the double-sandwich elisa and complement fixation (cf) test antibodies were detected at almost the same time by both methods; however, elisa antibodies persisted for a longer period than those detected by the cf ... | 1987 | 3667233 |
| major membrane surface proteins of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae selectively modified by covalently bound lipid. | surface protein antigens of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were identified by direct antibody-surface binding or by radioimmunoprecipitation of surface 125i-labeled proteins with a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). surface proteins p70, p65, p50, and p44 were shown to be integral membrane components by selective partitioning into the hydrophobic phase during triton x-114 (tx-114)-phase fractionation, whereas p41 was concomitantly identified as a surface protein exclusively partitioning into the ... | 1987 | 3680170 |
| effect of enzootic pneumonia of pigs on growth performance. | growing pigs were naturally infected with a field strain of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to assess the effect of enzootic pneumonia on production. both the initial ("breakdown") and endemic stages of infection were evaluated. the pigs were reared under environmental and management conditions commonly found on commercial piggeries in south australia. growth rate of pigs held in-contact with inoculated pigs was reduced by 12.7% (p less than 0.01) between 50 to 85 kg bodyweight. in the second trial ino ... | 1985 | 3924012 |
| studies on the phospholipid composition of pathogenic cell membranes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the membrane phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, a pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumoniae isolated in china, was studied by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. the results showed that membrane phospholipids consisted predominantly of diphosphatidylglycerol. the percentage of c16 - c18 fatty acids comprised 79% of the total fatty acids, of which oleic acid as well as palmitic acid are the major fatty acids. some differences were shown in fatty acid ... | 1986 | 3943616 |
| comparison of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains by serologic methods. | six field strains of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs, reference strains 11 and j of m hyopneumoniae, ms 42 strain of mycoplasma flocculare, and bts 7 strain of mycoplasma hyorhinis were compared serologically, using hyperimmune antisera produced in rabbits. all strains of m hyopneumoniae were closely related as determined with the disk growth-inhibition test; however, differences in zone sizes indicated that some antigenic heterogeneity existed. cross-reactions wer ... | 1983 | 6196995 |
| improvement of complement fixation test antigen for the diagnosis of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. | several attempts were made to develop a complement fixation test antigen which is useful and practicable for the diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. for the preparation of antigen, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was grown in broth medium containing horse serum for 14 days by shaking culture. anticomplementary activity of antigen was eliminated by addition of complement and heating at 56 degrees c for 30 minutes. storage of this antigen at 4 degrees c or at room temperature for 12 months had n ... | 1983 | 6240607 |
| interaction of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with the porcine respiratory epithelium as observed by electron microscopy. | an in vivo-passaged strain of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae attained viability titers of 10(6) to 10(8) color-changing units per mg of tissue in pig lungs and caused gross and histological pulmonic lesions. mycoplasmas were readily located in the lumina of the respiratory tract by electron microscopy. in sections of tissue fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium, the organisms were found to possess many radial fibrils on the outer surface of the limiting membrane. these fibrils appeared to interconnect adjace ... | 1982 | 7129633 |
| tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin effects on experimental piglet pneumonia induced with pneumonic pig lung homogenate containing mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. | the effects of tylosin tartrate and tiamutilin were examined in pneumonias induced experimentally in neonatal piglets with a homogenate of pneumonic pig lung, obtained from pigs with naturally acquired enzootic pneumonia. the homogenate contained mycoplasmas, including mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m suipneumoniae) and m hyorhinis, and certain bacteria and viruses. the experimental pneumonias generally resembled mycoplasmal pneumonia histologically but were complicated by aspiration pneumonia in som ... | 1982 | 7134653 |
| a method for assessing induced resistance to enzootic pneumonia of pigs. | the resistance induced in pigs by the intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous inoculation of live mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was tested by placing inoculated pigs in contact with pigs artificially infected with enzootic pneumonia. control pigs inoculated by the same routes with sterile culture medium were exposed simultaneously to the infected pigs and the incidence and extent of the pneumonia in both groups were compared. a score derived from the cube root of the calculated or estimated vol ... | 1982 | 7146627 |
| comparison of manually performed microtiter plate and semiautomated (cuvette) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. | standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serodiagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine were developed, using the traditional microtiter plate method and a method based on semiautomated processor-analyzer instrumentation. the results of the 2 procedures were not significantly different when the titers of positive and negative anti-mycoplasma hyopneumoniae standard reference sera were determined in triplicate in 3 separate experiments. although both methods yielded reproducible re ... | 1983 | 6354018 |
| an abattoir survey of the incidence of pneumonia in saskatchewan swine and an investigation of the microbiology of affected lungs. | the lungs of 15 409 pigs, mostly from saskatchewan, slaughtered at an abattoir were examined over a one year period. the incidence of lesions was 36.7% for "enzootic" pneumonia and 2.1% for pleurisy unassociated with pneumonia. seasonal variations were recorded and compared with the results of similar surveys carried out in australia, belgium and england. mycoplasmological examination of lungs from 347 animals was consistently negative for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. pasteurella multocida was the ... | 1981 | 7248880 |
| comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests for detecting antibodies to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived swine were exposed to a broth culture of a low passage field isolate of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by intranasal inoculation. the intranasal-inoculated swine subsequently were commingled with their litter-mates to effect transmission via contact-exposure. sera were collected from the swine at two to four week intervals for approximately one year postexposure and evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect hemagglutination and complemen ... | 1983 | 6365294 |
| comparison of a microtitration complement-fixation test and a tube latex agglutination test for diagnosis of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia. | comparison of a tube latex agglutination (la) test and a microtitration complement-fixation (cf) test for the diagnosis of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae swine pneumonia was done. in a group of 107 pigs from iowa, texas, and california (survey a), correlation of data on microscopic pulmonary changes with the la and cf titers indicated the la test might be a better indicator of microscopic lesions than the cf test. in another field study involving lungs from 50 pigs from various herds (survey b), both ... | 1981 | 7258806 |
| serological cross-reactivity of porcine reference antisera to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, m. flocculare, m. hyorhinis and m. hyosynoviae indicated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) indicated significant cross-reactivity between the antigens of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ( hyop ) and m. flocculare (floc), another porcine mycoplasma of wide distribution but uncertain pathogenic significance, when porcine antisera of each specificity were tested against hyop antigen. the titers of the anti-floc sera ranged from threefold to 13-fold less than the titer of the anti- hyop reference serum at different times after immunization. these val ... | 1984 | 6372971 |
| the pathological and serological response induced in pigs by parenteral inoculation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1981 | 7343577 |
| comparison of complement fixation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of early infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the relative merits of the complement-fixation test (cf) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of the early antibody response to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae were evaluated. discriminant analysis, a statistical procedure, was used to avoid difficulties associated with variation in background color and nonspecific reactions obtained with elisa with different sera. specific-pathogen-free pigs were exposed by contact to other specific-pathogen-free pigs which had been inoculat ... | 1984 | 6377989 |
| evaluation of the indirect hemagglutination assay as a practical serodiagnostic test for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. | sera from swine experimentally or naturally infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (the etiological agent of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine, mps) were tested by the indirect hemagglutination assay (iha), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the complement fixation (cf) test. the iha detected antibody at comparable times and levels to the other 2 serological tests following experimentally-induced infection. in the late antibody response (greater than or equal to 86 days post-infectio ... | 1984 | 6433540 |
| duration of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in gnotobiotic pigs. | sixteen gnotobiotic pigs raised in flexible plastic isolators (four pigs per isolator) were inoculated with a culture of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. one pig was killed and underwent necropsy at weekly intervals for the following 16 weeks. macroscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of 13 of 16 pigs and microscopic lesions were found in 14 of 16 pigs. mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was cultured from the trachea or lungs from 10 of the 16 pigs. scanning electron microscope studies showed areas of damag ... | 1980 | 7438008 |
| an indirect haemagglutination test for detection of antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using formalinized tanned swine erythrocytes. | | 1974 | 4850551 |
| characterization of is1221 from mycoplasma hyorhinis: expression of its putative transposase in escherichia coli incorporates a ribosomal frameshift mechanism. | seven complete and two partial copies of is1221 variants from mycoplasma hyorhinis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae characterized to date have established a consensus is1221 as a 1513 bp element with unique structural characteristics resembling the is3 family of bacterial insertion sequences. each is1221 copy contains highly conserved 28 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats and three distinctive internal inverted repeats (lir, rir and iir). iir is located within the coding region of the element an ... | 1995 | 7476162 |
| the passive haemagglutination test for th detection of mycoplasma suipneumoniae and the possible diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia of pigs. | fourteen cases of enzootic pneumonia, nearly all of which had presented diagnostic difficulties using the metabolic-inhibition test, were re-examined using specific pig antisera in the passive haemagglutination test (pha). all proved positive for mycoplasma suipneumoniae, indicating that the test, used in this manner, might be particularly valuable for routine diagnosis.the pha test was also used to demonstrate antibody to m. suipneumoniae in pneumonic tissue and the associated bronchial lymph n ... | 1970 | 4988048 |
| serological studies in pigs with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1970 | 4988847 |
| use of the complement fixation test in the demonstration of antibodies against mycoplasma suipneumoniae. | | 1971 | 5150127 |
| a novel repetitive sequence from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | we have isolated a novel repetitive dna element from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain vpp11, the entire structure of which is distinct from those of prokaryotic transposons, insertion sequences or eukaryotic retroposons reported. southern blot hybridization experiments indicate that at least eight copies of this element locate on the m. hyopneumoniae genome. the size of this repetitive sequence is 4,193 bp which includes 270- and 272-bp direct long terminal repeats at each terminus. the internal ... | 1995 | 7548420 |
| use of an enhanced escherichia coli opal suppressor strain to screen a mycoplasma hyopneumoniae library. | many mycoplasma genes contain internal uga (opal) codons because of their use as tryptophan coding codons. this results in a lack of expression of many cloned mycoplasma antigenic epitopes in escherichia coli. it has been shown that opal suppressors can be used to enhance expression of defined mycoplasma gene sequences, but no studies have been published using e. coli suppressor strains to screen mycoplasma gene libraries for immunoreactive epitopes. the e. coli suppressor strain ism612 was used ... | 1995 | 7557314 |
| a selective medium for mycoplasma suipneumoniae. | | 1971 | 5156237 |
| porcine lung lesions at slaughter and their correlation to the incidence of infections by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during the rearing period. | porcine lungs were macroscopically and microscopically examined at slaughter, with special regard to different stages of lesions similar to those caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. there was good conformity between the macroscopical and microscopical findings. in an extended abattoir survey, lesions were found in 4210 out of 4508 lungs examined. the majority of lungs with pleuritic lesions (274 out of 369) revealed by the extended examination were registered by the official procedure. no correl ... | 1994 | 7701856 |
| attempts to recover mycoplasma suipneumoniae from experimental and natural cases of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. | | 1968 | 5250180 |
| tube agglutination test of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in swine. | | 1970 | 5462579 |
| recombinant 46-kilodalton surface antigen (p46) of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae expressed in escherichia coli can be used for early specific diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the 46-kda surface antigen (p46) is the early and species-specific immunogenic protein of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. three tga codons encoding tryptophan in the p46 gene were replaced with tgg by an in vitro mutagenesis technique. the mutated p46 gene was expressed in escherichia coli by using the chelating peptide tag system. the purified recombinant p46 was successfully used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against m. hyopneumoniae in swine serum. it did not c ... | 1995 | 7751376 |
| [vaccines against respiratory diseases of swine: example mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]. | | 1995 | 7795681 |
| direct isolation of mycoplasma suipneumoniae on solid medium from pneumotic lesions in pigs. | | 1970 | 5531194 |
| production of pneumonia in gnotobiotic pigs with pure cultures of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | | 1969 | 5813138 |
| delayed hypersensitivity to nonviable mycoplasma pulmonis in mice is enhanced by dextran sulfate. | the enhancing effect of dextran sulfate (ds) on delayed hypersensitivity to nonviable mycoplasma pulmonis in mice was evaluated by means of delayed footpad swelling. mice pretreated subcutaneously with nonviable m. pulmonis and ds had significantly increased delayed footpad swelling when the mice were injected subcutaneously in the footpad with the same antigen 7 days later. delayed footpad swelling was not detected in mice pretreated only with nonviable m. pulmonis or ds followed by footpad inj ... | 1983 | 6187687 |
| evaluation of criteria for the postmortem diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. | ten swine from each of five herds believed to be affected with mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and ten swine from each of five herds believed to be mycoplasmal pneumonia-free were selected for postmortem study. lungs from the 100 swine were examined; grossly and microscopically for lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and culturally and by an indirect immunofluorescent procedure for the presence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. nineteen of the lungs had both gross and microscopic lesions ... | 1984 | 6434167 |
| mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: interaction with other agents in pigs, and evaluation of immunogens. | mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine causes considerable economic losses in porciculture. diverse agents, such as environmental stress and infectious microorganisms, increase the possibility of infection, and the damage to pulmonary tissue when the infection is established. it is known that mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has an important role in this disease, in addition to secondary microbial agents, such as pasteurella multocida and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. however, the characteristics of this dis ... | 1994 | 7919820 |
| detection of antibodies against membrane-glycoproteins of swine erythrocytes after experimental infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | during enzootic pneumonia of pig, antibodies against membrane glycoproteins of erythrocytes were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). these antibodies arise simultaneously with the specific antibodies. they are not identical to cold agglutinins. | 1984 | 6485250 |
| clinical pharmacokinetic characterization of norfloxacin nicotinate in swine following systemic administration. | norfloxacin nicotinate (nfn) is a new water-soluble fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. the in vitro activity of nfn for microorganisms isolated from swine and the pharmacokinetic properties of nfn following single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration were investigated. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of nfn for a wide range of reference (atcc-american type culture collection) microbial swine isolates, comprising 21 bacterial and 5 mycopl ... | 1994 | 7941848 |
| characteristics of protective activity of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine. | protective activity of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines prepared from whole cells or crude extracts was evaluated in an experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia swine model. swine were obtained at 7 to 10 weeks of age from a surgically derived herd free of porcine mycoplasmas. vaccines prepared from whole cells, freeze-thaw-saline solution extract, supernate of culture, or saline wash of cells were treated with 0.15% formalin, incorporated with freund incomplete adjuvant, and administered i ... | 1984 | 6497088 |
| rapid purification of antiserum against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by an efficient absorption method. | a simple and efficient method for the removal of unwanted cross-reactive antibodies has been developed. the antiserum purification method was based on treatment of the antiserum with both sonicated extracts and boiling extracts of the escherichia coli host cells used in immunoscreening the lambda embl3 library. we have demonstrated unambiguously that through this simple treatment, the rabbit anti-mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antiserum can be effectively purified so that the amount of antibodies cros ... | 1994 | 8040565 |
| an improved enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of porcine serum antibodies against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | an elisa for the detection of serum antibodies to mycoplasma hypopneumoniae in pigs and based on a 43 kda purified protein derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of m. hyopneumoniae strain j is described. this elisa (mhpp elisa) was compared with another recently described (auspharm elisa, sheldrake and romalis 1992) that is based on column-purified sonicated proteins of strain j. using sample to negative elisa ratios of 3 and 4 as cutoffs for inconclusive and positive reactors respectively (comp ... | 1994 | 8042274 |
| cytopathic effect of whole cells and purified membranes of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | marked cytopathic effect was produced in both porcine lung fibroblasts and mrc-5 human lung fibroblasts with doses of 7.5 x 10(6) and 1.5 x 10(7) cfu of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae j per ml, respectively. m. hyopneumoniae vpp11, at a concentration as low as 1.25 x 10(7) cfu/ml, was capable of causing cytopathic effect in mrc-5 monolayers also. the infected monolayers developed patches of detached or lysed cells within 48 h. at a protein concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, m. hyopneumoniae membranes, ... | 1983 | 6862623 |
| production of arthritis by intravenous inoculation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: tests on five strains. | cultures of five strains of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (syn, m suipneumoniae) were each inoculated intravenously into four pigs aged eight to nine weeks. one strain produced no response. for two strains two of the four pigs showed complement fixing antibody and mycoplasmaemia and one of these pigs in each group developed arthritis in one limb joint. the response to the other two strains was more severe: all four pigs in each group had a serological response, were mycoplasmaemic and several limb jo ... | 1981 | 7244376 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune response in swine after vaccination and natural infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | litters of pigs were vaccinated with inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae organisms in freund's complete adjuvant. the cell-mediated and humoral immune response following vaccination was investigated, and the protective effect of the induced immunity was assayed. the cell-mediated immune response to whole m hyopneumoniae organisms was determined as incorporation of tritiated thymidine, using a microculture system. after vaccination, detectable sensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes was in ... | 1981 | 7258797 |
| [pleuropneumonia in swine due to haemophilus pleuropneumonia s. parahaemolyticus. ii. studies on the epidemiology and the relation to chronic pleuritis (pleural scars) in baconers (author's transl)]. | within a danish practice area a serological examination was made of 268 breeding animals in 25 conventional sow herds with a view to screening for herd infection with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. average size of the herds was 76 year-sows including pregnant gilts (8--200). in 23 herds produced weaners were fed for slaughtering. the frequency of chronic pleuritis in slaughtered baconers in these herds was related to the frequency of seropositive sows in the herds. three spf-herds were included i ... | 1981 | 7322864 |
| interaction of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida infections in swine. | to investigate the interaction between mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida infection, 32 pigs were randomly assigned by litter, sex, and weight to 4 treatment groups. group-1 pigs were inoculated with m hyopneumoniae and allowed to recover from m hyopneumoniae infection. group-2 pigs were vaccinated against m hyopneumoniae and then inoculated with m hyopneumoniae. group-3 pigs were inoculated with m hyopneumoniae and developed clinical signs of mycoplasmosis. group-4 pigs had neve ... | 1994 | 8125807 |
| effects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and m. hyorhinis on ependymal cells of the porcine lateral ventricles as observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. | porcine lateral ventricular ependymal cells were used to study the effects of infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and m. hyorhinis on the central nervous system (cns) of pigs. after cerebral or cerebrospinal inoculation, cellular sequential changes were observed by scanning (sem) and transmission (tem) electron microscopy. strains of m. hyopneumoniae and m. hyorhinis were recovered from infected tissues at 1 and 3 weeks postinoculation. the mycoplasmas caused lesions of ependymal cells. dege ... | 1981 | 7347417 |
| a complement-fixation test for enzootic pneumonia of pigs using a complement dilution method. | complement-fixing antibody to mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the serums of pigs experimentally infected with enzootic pneumonia was demonstrated by comparing the haemolytic titre of guinea-pig complement titrated in the presence of heated test serum, m. hyopneumoniae antigen and unheated normal pig serum with the titre obtained when the antigen was omitted. the haemolytic titres against sensitised sheep erythrocytes were determined after a fixation period of 16 to 18 hours at 5 degrees c. when seru ... | 1980 | 7436902 |
| medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin. | a field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. the trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. the sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. at about six weeks of age ... | 1980 | 7445326 |
| microtiter plate adherence assay and receptor analogs for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | a microtiter plate adherence assay for mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was established by use of purified swine tracheal cilia which contained receptors for the mycoplasmas. m. hyopneumoniae bound specifically to plates coated with solubilized cilia. the binding was dependent on both the concentration of cilia and the number of mycoplasmas. dextran sulfate, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, laminin, mucin, and fucoidan significantly inhibited the binding of the mycoplasmas. the six inhibitors also disrupte ... | 1994 | 8168922 |
| cloning the ribosomal rna operons of mycoplasma flocculare and comparison with those of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | in contrast to other mycoplasma species the 16s/23s rrna and 5s rrna operons of mycoplasma flocculare and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae map at least 150 kb apart (20% of the genome). both operons from m. flocculare have been cloned and sequenced. the 23s rrna gene sequence showed 96.7% homology with the corresponding gene of m. hyopneumoniae, equalling that found earlier for 16s rrna and confirming the close phylogenetic relationships of these organisms. a possible upstream promoter was identified. s ... | 1994 | 7516796 |
| cloning and characterization of the rnase p rna genes from two porcine mycoplasmas. | we report the cloning of the rnase p rna genes from the primary aetiological agent of porcine pneumonia, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and the closely related commensal, mycoplasma flocculare. the monocistronic genes each have promoters with at-rich -35 regions and rho-independent-like transcription terminators which are retained in the rnase p rna. both of these rnase p rna variants are shown to be catalytically active in vitro in spite of a low overall gc content (30%). our results suggest a new e ... | 1994 | 7517485 |
| adaptation of the sensititre broth microdilution technique to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | a broth microdilution technique is described for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, using commercially prepared sensititre plates. twenty-five field isolates and two reference strains (j & 232), were tested against seven antimicrobials. field isolates were tested in duplicate and reference strains, four times to estimate reproducibility. ninety-seven percent of the duplicate mic results for the field isolates were in agreement, or within one log2 dilution. ... | 1993 | 8273275 |
| detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in nose swabs from pigs by in vitro amplification of the 16s rrna gene. | we report the use of pcr to detect dna from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the etiological agent of enzootic porcine pneumonia. a primer set was designed for the amplification of a 649-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from m hyopneumoniae. the pcr product was identified by ethidium bromide staining after gel electrophoresis and by southern hybridization with an m. hyopneumoniae-specific oligonucleotide probe. no amplification was observed from any other porcine bacteria tested, including several clos ... | 1995 | 7540629 |
| increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from pigs infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | we examined the levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and interleukin-1 (il-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) from pigs experimentally infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using biological assays with wehi-164 cells and d10.g4.1 cells, respectively. increased tnf-alpha and il-1 in balf were found in infected pigs with gross and/or microscopic lesions. a time-course study suggested tnf-alpha and il-1 to be persistently elevated in infected pigs. their presence in balf would thus ... | 1993 | 8291203 |
| dna sequence determination and biochemical analysis of the immunogenic protein p36, the lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the dna sequence of the gene encoding the early and specific immunogenic protein p36 of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been determined. comparison of the dna sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of p36 with known genes and proteins in data banks indicated that p36 is a l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) (ec 1.1.1.27). biochemical analysis of protein p36 expressed from the cloned gene in escherichia coli confirmed that p36 has l-lactate dehydrogenase activity. protein p36 of m. hyopneumoniae the ... | 1993 | 7679720 |
| immune response against the l-lactate dehydrogenase of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in enzootic pneumonia of swine. | the l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, formerly named protein p36, belongs to the predominant immunogenic proteins in pigs which were naturally or experimentally infected with m. hyopneumoniae. the antigenic reaction against m. hyopneumoniae ldh has been shown to be species specific. recombinant m. hyopneumoniae ldh, which was genetically engineered to contain six histidine residues at its c-terminal end, was expressed in e. coli and purified to a high degree using ni-che ... | 1994 | 7723658 |
| detection of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin e2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of pigs experimentally infected with mycoplasma hyponeumoniae. | in this study, interleukin-6 (il-6) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (balf) from pigs experimentally infected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. il-6 was detected at 2 weeks post-inoculation (pi), and significantly increased levels of pge2 were observed at 4 weeks pi. in the balf collected from infected pigs at 4 weeks pi, the levels of il-6 increased significantly in the pigs with pneumonic lesions. however, increased levels of pge2 were observed in all ... | 1994 | 7725632 |
| application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the surveillance of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. | a monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for serological surveillance of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pig herds. a follow-up study was conducted on "herd predictive values" previously reported for this elisa. of those herds giving positive results by this elisa, 42% were subsequently found to be infected, while 100% of herds giving negative results were uninfected. previous reports recorded positive and negative herd predictive values of 39 ... | 1993 | 8400395 |