| mycobacterium xenopi and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1984 | 6696373 |
| pulmonary infection with mycobacterium xenopi: review of treatment and response. | forty seven patients (82% male) with pulmonary infection caused by mycobacterium xenopi have been reviewed. pre-existing lung disease was present in 35 (75%). in 21 patients the disease was characterised by a subacute illness developing over a period of two to four months, while in another 20 patients there was a longer history of chronic respiratory problems often associated with slowly progressive changes evident from chest radiographs. response to treatment was poor and unpredictable, and was ... | 1984 | 6740540 |
| massive haemoptysis caused by mycobacterium xenopi. | a 62-year-old man presented with haemoptysis and radiographic features compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis. his course was complicated by severe haemoptysis that required surgical lobectomy. mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from sputum and lung tissue. the post-operative course was complicated by gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and the patient died. | 1984 | 6485116 |
| infection and colonisation by mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium xenopi: aerosols as a possible source? | | 1984 | 6725968 |
| mycobacterium xenopi infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a case of mycobacterium xenopi infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described and the clinical experience of others in the united states with this organism is reviewed. disseminated infection by this organism appears to occur only in the immunocompromised host. because m xenopi has been found in hot water systems by others and is an organism more susceptible to the traditional antituberculosis antibiotics, recognition and distinction of this organism from the ... | 1984 | 6734278 |
| mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary disease. | | 1983 | 6837012 |
| clinical review of pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium xenopi. | mycobacterium xenopi comprised 56% of all non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the brompton hospital laboratory during six years. m xenopi alone was cultured from the sputum of 23 patients, whose clinical and bacteriological features are reviewed. pulmonary disease was considered to be due to the organism present in 15 of these patients on the basis of strict criteria for a causal relationship. radiographs of all these patients were consistent with mycobacterial disease, showing pulmonary ca ... | 1983 | 6879487 |
| mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1982 | 7117425 |
| pulmonary mycobacteriosis caused by mycobacterium xenopi. report of a case. | m. xenopi was definitely demonstrated 14 times in the sputum of a 70-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease. sputum conversion was achieved by combined chemotherapy, but the patient died of cor pulmonale and associated terminal pneumonia. autopsy revealed moderately advanced old fibrotic pulmonary lesions of tuberculous origin including a large "open healed" cavity, and recent involvement of lymphatic nodules with a bronchonodular fistula accompanied by dispersed lesions in the surro ... | 1982 | 7117426 |
| pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi. report of two cases. | two patients with pulmonary disease due to m. xenopi are presented. predisposing factors were alcoholism in one patient and previous tuberculosis with emphysema in the other. whereas the disease was successfully treated in the first, m. xenopi was implicated as a contributory factor to death in the second. histological examination in the latter case allowed no distinction from ordinary tuberculosis. a review of the literature suggests that infection with m. xenopi should be treated with a combin ... | 1982 | 7117427 |
| mycobacterium xenopi and pulmonary disease. | mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from a portion of surgically resected lung of an asymptomatic patient who had a renal transplant. the patient was receiving azathioprine and prednisone for the prevention of transplant rejection, as well as treatment for previously diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. m. xenopi infection was recognized as a second mycobacterial infection. the role of m. xenopi as an opportunistic pathogen in the compromised host is emphasized. | 1980 | 6994481 |
| mycobacterium xenopi: infection in an immunocompromised host. | mycobacterium xenopi was isolated from bronchoscopic and resected lung specimens from a patient who had diabetes mellitus and chronic myelogenous leukemia. while in remission, the patient developed spreading pulmonary infiltrates and died. at postmortem examination, acid fast bacilli were found in enormous numbers in histologic preparations of pulmonary hilar and mesenteric lymph nodes. concomitant pulmonary infection with aspergillus, pneumocystis carinii, and cytomegalovirus was also evident. ... | 1982 | 7106749 |
| [osteoarthritis of the knee caused by mycobacterium xenopi]. | | 1982 | 7112024 |
| [1st cases of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi in croatia]. | | 1982 | 7185077 |
| the epidemiology of opportunist mycobacterial infections in wales, 1952--1978. | the incidence of infections caused by opportunist mycobacteria in wales during the years 1952--1978 was derived from the records of the mycobacterium reference unit in cardiff. mycobacterium kansasil gave rise to 154 pulmonary and two nonpulmonary infections. most of these patients were middle-aged men, approximately half of whom had pneumoconiosis or occupational exposure to dust. organisms of the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex caused pulmonary disease in 44 subjects an ... | 1981 | 7339797 |
| mycobacterium xenopi mycobacteriosis. | | 1981 | 7268487 |
| [mycobacterium xenopi as causative agent of pulmonary bacteriosis (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7363134 |
| campath-1h, a humanized monoclonal antibody, in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. an intravenous dose-escalation study. | to evaluate the biologic response, tolerability, and potential clinical effect of a humanized antilymphocyte monoclonal antibody, campath-1h, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). | 1995 | 7488279 |
| clinical and roentgenographic features of nosocomial pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi. | we describe 19 cases of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi, a nosocomial infection related to the hospital water system. pre-existing lung disease and prolonged environmental exposure during previous hospitalizations were apparent predisposing factors. twelve patients had respiratory symptoms, including three with hemoptysis, at the time an abnormal chest roentgenogram was obtained. the predominant radiographic presentation of lung diseases caused by m. xenopi was a nodular or mass sh ... | 1981 | 7458072 |
| rapid identification of mycobacterium xenopi from bacterial colonies or "bactec" culture by the polymerase chain reaction and a luminescent sandwich hybridization assay. | oligonucleotide primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to amplify a specific 584-bp dna fragment, located in the 16s rna gene of mycobacterium xenopi. this set of primers, x222 and x224, was able to discriminate between the pathogen and other mycobacterial species as well as non-mycobacterial strains; it detected down to 3 fg of m. xenopi dna, i.e. about one genome equivalent. these oligonucleotide primers proved suitable for the routine identification of m. xenopi cultures, st ... | 1995 | 7569329 |
| development of a species-specific probe for mycobacterium xenopi. | in europe, mycobacterium xenopi is a frequently isolated species among opportunist mycobacteria, and represents one of the main agents of pulmonary infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria. conventional identification of mycobacteria is a time-consuming and laborious process. in this study, we propose a rapid and simple method for the identification of m. xenopi using polymerase chain reaction. the amplified product consists of a specific probe, present in all 38 m. xenopi strains tested, w ... | 1995 | 7569318 |
| laboratory and clinical evaluation of mycobacterium xenopi isolates. | mycobacterium xenopi and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are biochemically similar. to define the laboratory characteristics of m. xenopi that distinguish it from mac, 53 m. xenopi isolates from different areas in the united states and 47 isolates recovered at one hospital were evaluated by 13 biochemical tests, accuprobe mac (gen-probe, inc., san diego, ca, usa), colony morphology, formation of x-colonies, pigmentation in response to light, growth on macconkey agar without crystal violet, and ... | 1995 | 7554801 |
| radiometric susceptibility testing of mycobacterium xenopi. | mycobacterium xenopi is an opportunistic pathogen, frequently isolated in various areas of europe from pulmonary specimens, which may also cause infections in aids patients. we used the bactec radiometric system (becton dickinson, usa) with a procedure expressly adapted to the particular growth characteristics of m. xenopi to determine the susceptibility patterns of 40 clinical isolates to six antimicrobial drugs. the majority of the strains were resistant to ethambutol and susceptible to amikac ... | 1995 | 7666116 |
| comparative in-vitro activities of the new quinolone, bay y 3118, and ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, tosufloxacin, ci-960 and ci-990. | the in-vitro activity of the new quinolone, bay y 3118, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, ci-960 and ci-990 against 1640 isolates belonging to 117 bacterial species. against members of the enterobacteriaceae, bay y 3118 was as active as ci-960 and ci-990, up to four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and tosufloxacin and up to 16-fold more active than sparfloxacin. the majority of enterobacteriaceae which were resistant to ciprofloxacin (mics > or = 2 mg/l) we ... | 1993 | 7605398 |
| water as a possible factor of transmission in mycobacterial infections. | mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium xenopi are the most frequent species occurring in water in the czech republic. in the endemic area of m. kansasii in heavy industry and mining areas of north moravia various mycobacterial species were detected in more than 20% of different water samples and m. kansasii was found in 1.5 to 1.9% of them, frequently in pit bathrooms and in the drinking water as well. mycobacterium xenopi was detected in 35 and 50% of water samples collected in households of ... | 1994 | 7697016 |
| mycobacterium xenopi infection masquerading as pulmonary tuberculosis in two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | mycobacterium xenopi infections have rarely been reported among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). we recently treated two hiv-infected men, neither of whom had a history of pulmonary disease or aids-defining conditions, and who had m. xenopi lung infections. both patients presented with night sweats, cough, and pleuritic chest pain. chest radiographs showed an upper-lobe nodule in the first patient and a perihilar cavitary infiltrate in the second patient. both patie ... | 1995 | 7620033 |
| structural elucidation of novel methylglucose-containing polysaccharides from mycobacterium xenopi. | the structures of methylglucose-containing polysaccharides (meglc ps) from mycobacterium xenopi were investigated using high-ph anion-exchange chromatography and liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry. we report the structure of two novel meglc ps, referred to as a and b. meglc ps a is composed of 16 d-glucopyranose residues, 11 of which are methylated, and meglc ps b contains 15 d-glucopyranose residues, 10 of which are methylated. the main structural feature of both meglc ps a and b, compared ... | 1995 | 7588770 |
| [utility of the direct culture examination (ziehl-neelsen) using the bactec system for the presumptive identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium xenopi, and mycobacterium kansasii]. | the usefulness of the microscopic examination of bactec 12b and 13a growth medium as a method for the possible identification of m. tuberculosis complex, m. avium complex, m. xenopi, and m. kansasii was performed out to guide the selection of different genetic identification probes and, in the case of m. xenopi, the selection of the temperature of subcultures incubation. | 1994 | 7811323 |
| pulmonary infections caused by less frequently encountered slow-growing environmental mycobacteria. | pulmonary mycobacteriosis is usually caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium complex. there are, however, other slow-growing mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infection. mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium malmoense, mycobacterium xenopi, mycobacterium szulgai and mycobacterium simiae typically infect middle-aged to elderly persons with preexisting lung disease. differentiation of infection with these five mycobacteria from infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis, by ... | 1994 | 7698120 |
| isolation of the newly described species mycobacterium celatum from aids patients. | mycobacterium celatum is a recently described species which, on the basis of conventional tests, may be misidentified as mycobacterium xenopi or as belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex. only genomic sequencing or high-performance liquid chromatography of cell wall mycolic acids can presently allow a correct identification of this mycobacterium. two cases of infection due to m. celatum, in aids patients, are described here. the quantitative susceptibility pattern of the isolates to a wide ... | 1995 | 7699029 |
| further structural definition of a new family of glycopeptidolipids from mycobacterium xenopi. | the highly antigenic surface glycolipids of serovars of the mycobacterium avium complex are glycopeptidolipids of the general structure [formula: see text] however, it has recently been shown [rivière, m., & puzo, g. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 9057-9063; rivière, m., & puzo, g. (1992) biochemistry 31, 3575-3580] that the characteristic glycopeptidolipid of a strain of mycobacterium xenopi is of the structure [formula: see text] [monosaccharide, 3-o-ch3-6-deoxy-alpha-l-talopyranose; tetrasacchari ... | 1993 | 7678195 |
| pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium xenopi. | we describe two cases of pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium xenopi (m. xenopi). both cases were men, ages 61 and 54 yr. in the first patient, lung infection due to m. xenopi occurred after gastrectomy. the second patient had an inactive m. tuberculosis infection. both had pulmonary symptoms including cough, sputum and fever. each chest x-ray showed an infiltrative shadow with a cavity in a unilateral, upper lobe. isolates from both patients were studied not only by microbiological characte ... | 1994 | 8000103 |
| single and double drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacteria other than the tubercle (mott) bacilli by a micro-dilution broth minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) method. | the incidence of mycobacterioses is increasing annually, especially in patients with aids. there is no clear correlation between in vitro drug susceptibility testing of mycobacteria other than the tubercle (mott) bacilli and the in vivo response. although in vitro, mott bacilli appear resistant, some patients respond to treatment possibly as a result of a synergistic action between the drugs being used. | 1994 | 7949075 |
| bronchoscopy-associated mycobacterium xenopi pseudoinfections. | mycobacterium xenopi typically accounts for less than 0.3% of all clinical mycobacterial isolates. over a 37-mo period, 21 (35%) of 60 mycobacterial isolates from a michigan hospital were identified as m. xenopi. hospital, laboratory, and bronchoscopy records were reviewed to determine case characteristics, develop a case series, and calculate procedure-specific m. xenopi isolation rates. a case-control study was conducted to elucidate aspects of the bronchoscopy procedure associated with m. xen ... | 1994 | 8025757 |
| dna fingerprinting of mycobacterium bovis strains by restriction fragment analysis and hybridization with insertion elements is1081 and is6110. | strains of mycobacterium bovis, the causative organism of bovine tuberculosis, can be clearly distinguished from each other by restriction fragment analysis. this method of dna fingerprinting has been used for many epidemiological studies in new zealand, but the technique presents practical difficulties that hinder its widespread use. the insertion element is6110 is being widely used as a dna probe for distinguishing restriction fragment polymorphisms among strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... | 1993 | 8099083 |
| [radiometric determination of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and mycobacterium xenopi sensitivity to antitubercular agents]. | using the macrodilution radiometric technique in a bactec 460 apparatus, the authors assessed in 25 strains of the m. avium complex and 20 strains of m. xenopi the mic of the following chemotherapeutic agents: ciprofloxacine, clofazimine, rifampin, cycloserine, kanamycin, etionamide, ethambutol and amikacin. in all instances wild strains isolated in the czech republic in 1991-1992 were involved. in strains of the m. avium complex in the majority of drugs a major predominance of slightly or compl ... | 1994 | 7953081 |
| pott's disease caused by mycobacterium xenopi: case report and review. | we report a case of mycobacterium xenopi infection of the spine in a 70-year-old woman. the findings of our case and of five other published reports of bone or joint infection with m. xenopi illustrate the problems with diagnosis and management of infection with this organism. detection of m. xenopi in clinical specimens may require prolonged incubation at 37 degrees c or incubation at higher temperatures. furthermore, m. xenopi may be misidentified as mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracell ... | 1994 | 7888528 |
| in-vitro activities of quinolones against mycobacteria. | from the results of recently-published in-vitro studies, we have reviewed the activities of novel quinolones which are currently available, either commercially or for investigative purposes, against mycobacterium tuberculosis, the atypical mycobacteria (principally the mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium chelonae, mycobacterium xenopi, mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium fortuitum) and mycobacterium leprae. we have also evaluated the effects of the various methods for determining the ... | 1993 | 8144420 |
| mycobacterium celatum sp. nov. | a new slowly growing nonphotochromogenic mycobacterium species of clinical importance is described. the biochemical characteristics of this organism were similar to those of mycobacterium xenopi and members of the mycobacterium avium complex. however, none of the strains reacted with commercially available genetic probes for the m. avium complex. the strains were resistant to most antituberculosis drugs. multilocus enzyme electrophoresis revealed two original electrophoretic types, which was sug ... | 1993 | 8102246 |
| water-borne household infections due to mycobacterium xenopi. | of 21 m. xenopi excretors recorded in prague in 1990, 13 suffered from a serious pulmonary disease and the organisms were detected repeatedly in all of them. in 11 flats of these excretors water samples were collected from faucets and showers and m. xenopi was detected in five of them, as well as in five neighbouring flats. in flats of six remaining excretors and 12 adjoining flats, m. xenopi was not found. however, in 14 of 28 examined flats, the clinically insignificant m. gordonae was isolate ... | 1993 | 8004044 |
| a nosocomial pseudo-outbreak of mycobacterium xenopi due to a contaminated potable water supply: lessons in prevention. | to determine risk factors for mycobacterium xenopi isolation in patients following a pseudo-outbreak of infection with the organism. | 1993 | 8132983 |
| [pneumonia due to a rare atypical mycobacterium in aids]. | a 38-year-old man, hiv-positive for 6 years, developed fever and cough with deterioration in his general state. chest radiography demonstrated an infiltration in the left upper lobe and computed tomography showed a septated cavity. three bronchioalveolar lavages over 4 weeks recovered klebsiella, candida, pseudomonas and staphylococcus in the lavage fluid. acid-fast rods were not found in any of the microscopic preparations. his clinical condition and the radiological findings deteriorated despi ... | 1993 | 8223223 |
| post-operative acute respiratory failure associated with mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1993 | 8227731 |
| [pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi]. | a 54-year old man with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium xenopi is described. he had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis at 8 years of age. he was admitted to our hospital in october 1992, complaining of productive cough and fever. a chest x-ray on october 20 showed an infiltrative shadow with a cavity, although chest x-ray picture on october 2 showed only inactive shadow, in the right upper lobe. acid-fast organisms were seen in his sputum specimens and m. xenopi was identified by culture. ... | 1993 | 8255073 |
| structure of a novel glycopeptidolipid antigen containing a o-methylated serine isolated from mycobacterium xenopi. complete 1h-nmr and 13c-nmr assignment. | gpl x-1, a novel glycopeptidolipid (gpl) isolated from mycobacterium xenopi (cipt 140 35004), has recently been found to typify a new class of mycobacterial glycopeptidolipids devoid of c-mycoside core structure, the so-called serine-containing glycopeptidolipid [rivière, m. & puzo, g. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 9057-9063]. here we report the purification and characterization of a novel serine-containing gpl termed gpl x-iib, isolated from the m. xenopi strain nctc 10042. on thin-layer chromatog ... | 1993 | 8513789 |
| mycobacterium branderi sp. nov., a new potential human pathogen. | a number of mycobacterial strains with similar growth characteristics, metabolic properties, and lipid compositions, which were previously placed in the helsinki group (e. brander, e. jantzen, r. huttunen, a. juntunen, and m.-l. katila, j. clin. microbiol. 30:1972-1975, 1992), were characterized by performing 16s rrna gene sequencing. of the 14 strains studied, 9 had a unique, previously undescribed sequence in the variable region of 16s rrna. these nine strains, all of which were isolated from ... | 1995 | 8590682 |
| rifabutin versus placebo in combination with three drugs in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with aids. | the aim of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week study was to assess the efficacy of rifabutin (450 or 600 mg/d) in the treatment of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with aids. companion drugs in both arms of the study were ethambutol, clofazimine, and isoniazid. because of low accrual, the study was prematurely terminated when a total of 382 patients had been enrolled, of which 200 were eligible (i.e., their specimens were culture-positive for ... | 1996 | 8729209 |
| iatrogenically induced spondylodiskitis due to mycobacterium xenopi in an immunocompetent patient. | | 1996 | 8729222 |
| [pulmonary mycobacteriosis due to mycobacterium xenopi" in-vitro sensitivity to classical antitubercular agents and clinical development]. | out of 11 patients suffering from mycobacterium xenopi lung disease, 9 were treated with an empiric antituberculous triple chemotherapy until specific identification and antibiogram were available. despite the important "in vitro" resistance to drugs, most of the patients improved; in the other patients, the impairment was always due to the underlying pathology. we conclude that the "in vivo" response of m. xenopi infections to antituberculous drugs is little influenced by the "in vitro" sensiti ... | 1996 | 8669159 |
| atypical mycobacteriosis as a complication of talc pneumoconiosis. | a 57 year old man, receiving compensation for talc pneumoconiosis since 1977, was admitted to hospital for the first time in 1987, with symptoms of weight loss, fever, dyspnoea and productive cough. a chest roentgenogram showed bilateral cavitation. two years later, mycobacterium xenopi was found in sputum cultures. despite specific oral antibiotherapy, the patient's health deteriorated and he died in 1990. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an association of talcos ... | 1996 | 8866607 |
| pott's disease caused by mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1995 | 8589186 |
| [atypical mycobacteriosis (mycobacterium xenopi) with "initial aggravation"]. | a 66-year-old man was admitted to nara medical university hospital because of sputum production and fevre. a chest x-ray film obtained on admission revealed many cysts and an infiltrative shadow in the right upper lung field. the patient was treated with antimycobacterial drugs (isoniazid 400 mg, streptomycin 0.75 g, and rifampicin 450 mg) because acid-fast bacilli were detected in his sputum. although the symptoms and laboratory data improved, a new infiltrative shadow developed in the right lo ... | 1996 | 8937151 |
| mycobacterium hassiacum sp. nov., a new rapidly growing thermophilic mycobacterium. | a new rapidly growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterium was isolated from urine. this strain is thermophilic (it grows at 65 degrees c), tolerates 5% nacl, and was unable to utilize any of the sugars tested or citrate or to take up iron. the isolate splits benzamide, urea, nicotinamide, and pyrazinamide and is sensitive to streptomycin, ethambutol, cycloserine, ciprofloxacin, and chlarithromycin but resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and prothionamide. these characteristics clearly place this organ ... | 1997 | 8995808 |
| mycobacterium xenopi causing renal tuberculosis: a case report. | | 1994 | 8613158 |
| mycobacterium xenopi is1395, a novel insertion sequence expanding the is256 family. | an insertion sequence (is) of mycobacterium xenopi has been isolated and sequenced. this 1323 bp element, designated is1395, is present in up to 18 copies in the m. xenopi genome and may be harboured in an m. xenopi extrachromosomal element. it encodes a putative transposase of 415 amino acids which displays sequence homology to the staphylococcus aureus is256 family. members of this class of elements have been described in the genus mycobacterium-for example is1081 is present in the m. tubercul ... | 1996 | 8828212 |
| characterization of large linear plasmids in mycobacteria. | linear plasmids were found in mycobacterium xenopi, m. branderi, and m. celatum. these elements represented a wide size range (from 20 to 320 kb), had streptomyces-like terminal structures, and defined five hybridization groups. cross-hybridization and common restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of plasmids from the different species suggest either genetic exchange or a common ancestry of the species. | 1997 | 9098076 |
| mycobacterium xenopi--an unusual presentation as tenosynovitis of the wrist in an immunocompetent patient. | mycobacterium xenopi is an atypical acid-fast bacillus which may colonize tap water supplies. it typically causes pulmonary infection, particularly in patients with pre-existing lung damage, and non-pulmonary involvement is rare. we describe the first reported case of tenosynovitis due to this organism in an immunocompetent male patient. | 1996 | 8883442 |
| osteitis of the calcaneus caused by mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1997 | 9002109 |
| efficacy of combined clarithromycin and sparfloxacin therapy in a patient with discitis: due to mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1997 | 9051864 |
| pneumonia and bacteremia due to mycobacterium celatum masquerading as mycobacterium xenopi in patients with aids: an underdiagnosed problem? | a newly described species of mycobacteria, mycobacterium celatum, has rarely been reported as a cause of localized and disseminated human disease and can easily be misidentified as mycobacterium xenopi when identification is based on biochemical testing alone. we report two cases of pneumonia and bacteremia due to m. celatum in patients with aids. in one case, diagnosis and initiation of therapy were delayed by misidentification of the infecting organism as m. xenopi. genomic analysis or high-pe ... | 1997 | 9114137 |
| mycobacterium xenopi infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | mycobacterium xenopi is one of the most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacteria in ontario, canada. we reviewed the records of 28 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients from whom m. xenopi was isolated between 1982 and 1995. m. xenopi was recovered from respiratory specimens from 24 patients, most of whom had clinical and radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease. however, coexistent pulmonary infection due to other pathogens was found in 17 patients: pneumocystis carinii ... | 1997 | 9332511 |
| mycobacterium xenopi: innocent bystander or emerging pathogen? | mycobacterium xenopi is a recognized cause of smoldering pulmonary disease in patients with chronic lung disease. this organism is frequently isolated from respiratory specimens from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and is often considered nonpathogenic. cases of pulmonary and disseminated m. xenopi disease have been described in patients with hiv infection and other immunodeficiencies. many physicians are unaware of the clinical significance of m. xenopi isolation. w ... | 1997 | 9114152 |
| is mycobacterium xenopi an emerging pathogen? | | 1997 | 9114153 |
| comparison of a new insertion element, is1407, with established molecular markers for the characterization of mycobacterium celatum. | genomic analyses of 18 mycobacterium celatum strains obtained from different patients in three countries (united states, united kingdom, and france) were performed; the methods used in this study were restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis, and pcr restriction analysis (pra) of the hsp-65 gene. a new insertion sequence, is1407 (genbank accession no. x97307), belonging to the is256 family, was identified in m. celatum type 1 stra ... | 1997 | 9226894 |
| crystal structure of gyra intein from mycobacterium xenopi reveals structural basis of protein splicing. | several genes from prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes have been found to contain an in-frame open reading frame, which encodes for an internal protein (intein). post-translationally, the internal polypeptide auto-splices and ligates the external sequences to yield a functional external protein (extein) and an intein. most, but not all inteins, contain, apart from a splicing domain, a separate endonucleolytic domain that enables them to maintain their presence by a homing mechanism. we report here ... | 1998 | 9437427 |
| the mycobacterium xenopi gyra protein splicing element: characterization of a minimal intein. | the 198-amino-acid in-frame insertion in the gyra gene of mycobacterium xenopi is the smallest known naturally occurring active protein splicing element (intein). comparison with other mycobacterial gyra inteins suggests that the m. xenopi intein underwent a complex series of events including (i) removal of 222 amino acids that encompass most of the central intein domain, and (ii) addition of a linker of unrelated residues. this naturally occurring genetic rearrangement is a representative chara ... | 1997 | 9335286 |
| arthritis and spondylodiscitis caused by mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | | 1997 | 9376981 |
| mycobacterium xenopi osteomyelitis. | | 1997 | 9380461 |
| primary psoas muscle abscess due to mycobacterium xenopi. | | 1998 | 9455560 |
| inteins in mycobacterial gyra are a taxonomic character. | the a subunit of dna gyrase in mycobacteria is frequently subjected to splicing events as its gene, gyra, harbours an insertion encoding an intein. investigation of a number of different isolates of mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium malmoense, mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium ulcerans and mycobacterium xenopi demonstrated that the presence of gyra inteins is not random but a taxonomic character specific for a given taxon at a species or subspecies level. | 1998 | 9493395 |
| [manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in non-immunodepressed patients]. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) can be the etiologic agents of chronic pulmonary disease, lymphadenitis, skin and soft-tissue infection and disseminated disease in non-immunocompromised patients. the recognition of disease needs repeated isolation of the ntm from bronchopulmonary secretions or from tissue biopsies, and its identification by specific laboratory methods. a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and severity of disease can be found, from spontaneous healing to progressive and d ... | 1997 | 9496598 |
| standardized bactec method to measure clarithromycin susceptibility of mycobacterium genavense. | a standardized clarithromycin susceptibility test for mycobacterium genavense is reported. the bactec radiometric broth dilution test method recommended for mycobacterium avium complex was modified to develop a reliable and reproducible procedure. test development involved optimization of medium ph and inoculum densities for antibiotic vials as well as growth control vials. mic control organisms included mycobacterium simiae, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium xenopi. growth control vials re ... | 1998 | 9508306 |
| mycobacterium xenopi arthritis. | osteoarticular mycobacterium xenopi infections are very rare. we describe a patient with dermatomyositis and isolated shoulder arthritis due to m. xenopi. the diagnosis was delayed for 7 months; only 2 of 5 interval joint aspirates grew m. xenopi. the infection responded well to triple antituberculous therapy. | 1998 | 9598912 |
| [lessons in medicine: apropos of a modern epidemic of mycobacterium xenopi spondylodiscitis]. | | 1997 | 9499984 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial bursitis and arthritis of the shoulder. | a 56-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus developed septic arthritis and bursitis of the left shoulder due to an atypical mycobacterium, m. xenopi. plain radiography, ultrasound (us), and mri were performed. articular disease by tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria have similar presentations, clinically as well as radiologically, and have to be differentiated from other chronic bacterial or fungal infections, pigmented villonodular synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, hemoph ... | 1998 | 9507608 |
| mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection: evaluation with ct. | our goal was to describe the ct appearances of mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection. | 1998 | 9530384 |
| preliminary results of collapse therapy with plombage for pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria. | seven patients underwent collapse therapy with polystyrene sphere plombage for pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria. four patients were infected with multidrug-resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, two with mycobacterium xenopi, one with mycobacterium avium. all patients were heavily pretreated before surgery, had extensive, bilateral cavitary disease and were considered unsuitable for resection because of extensive disease or functional respiratory impairment. ... | 1998 | 9603145 |
| mycobacterial linear plasmids have an invertron-like structure related to other linear replicons in actinomycetes. | the authors previously identified large plasmids in mycobacterium xenopi, m. branderi and m. celatum which appeared to have a linear topology. this study has confirmed the presence of such linear plasmids in mycobacteria, including m. avium, and demonstrated that the ends of these replicons are covalently bound with protein(s), suggesting an invertron-like structure. the termini of one 25 kb plasmid, designated pclp, from m. celatum were cloned and the first 500 bp of each terminus were sequence ... | 1998 | 9695931 |
| [a case of pulmonary infection with mycobacterium xenopi]. | a 42-year-old man with pulmonary disease caused by mcobacterium xenopi is described. he had a history of alcohol use of over 20 years. he was admitted to another hospital for evaluation of an abnormal chest shadow. a chest x-ray showed a cavitary shadow with infiltration in the right upper lung field. acid-fast organisms were recognized in sputum and m. xenopi was identified by dna-dna hybridization. although he had been treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethanbutol for 5 years, sputum rema ... | 1998 | 9611983 |
| clinical and radiographic manifestations of uncommon pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in aids patients. | to determine the clinical and radiographic findings of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) other than mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium kansasii in aids compared with non-aids patients. | 1998 | 9674460 |
| use of microscopic morphology in smears prepared from radiometric cultures for presumptive identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium kansasii, and mycobacterium xenopi. | the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of a method for presumptive identification of mycobacteria, based on the morphology in smears prepared from radiometric bactec-positive cultures (becton dickinson, usa) and to select the appropriate dna probe (accuprobe; gen probe, usa). the smear morphology of acid-fast bacilli was evaluated in 468 positive cultures from clinical samples: 313 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 67 mycobacterium avium complex, 32 mycobacterium kansasii, 49 myco ... | 1998 | 9764552 |
| mycobacterium xenopi in hiv-infected patients: an emerging pathogen. | mycobacterium xenopi is associated with pulmonary disease in patients with loss of local or general host defence. | 1998 | 9764786 |
| infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in children with leukemia. | we reviewed the spectrum of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in children with leukemia. three children acquired such infections. one patient developed pneumonia after the cessation of chemotherapy when mycobacterium xenopi was identified in his lung biopsy specimen. he required 2 years of treatment with antituberculous agents and clarithromycin. cultures of central and peripheral blood specimens from two patients yielded mycobacterium fortuitum and mycobacterium chelonae, resp ... | 1998 | 9827274 |
| [epidemiologic and microbiologic aspects of mycobacteriosis in slovakia--m. xenopi]. | the first mycobacterioses caused by m. xenopi in slovakia were discovered in the year 1979. gradually they became the most often occurring mycobacterioses caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria. the purpose of investigation is to describe epidemiological situation of diseases caused by m. xenopi in slovakia and to confront it with the situation in chosen developed countries. the methodology of this paper is based upon surveillance of tuberculosis as applied on mycobacterioses. during the ... | 1998 | 9919760 |
| radiographic findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pulmonary infection, and microbiologic evidence of mycobacterium xenopi. | the authors studied radiographs and clinical histories of 29 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, symptoms of pulmonary infection, and simultaneous microbiologic evidence of mycobacterium xenopi in the respiratory tract. the presence, nature, and distribution of radiographic abnormalities were determined and analyzed in accord with clinical information. in 26 (90%) patients, m. xenopi was the only microorganism that could be isolated. chest radiographs were normal in 13 patients (45 ... | 1998 | 9799136 |
| [osteoarticular mycobacterium xenopi infection]. | mycobacterium xenopi is a potential pathogen for man and can cause bone and joint infections, particularly spondylodiscitis. most cases of infection occur in fragilized patients and are found more and more often in aids patients. | 1998 | 9767883 |
| [parotitis due to mycobacterium and hiv infection]. | | 1998 | 9793160 |
| [pulmonary infection by mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with positive hiv]. | | 1998 | 10079546 |
| simple and rapid identification of different species of mycobacteria by pcr. | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for rapid identification of different species of mycobacteria was developed. this pcr is based on the use of conserved sequences to amplify the genome of several mycobacterial species. the amplification patterns obtained were specific and reproducible for the species tested. in particular, we could identify mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis (both produced the same pattern), mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium ... | 1999 | 10208805 |
| the cyclization and polymerization of bacterially expressed proteins using modified self-splicing inteins. | mini-inteins derived from synechocystis sp. (ssp dnab intein) and mycobacterium xenopi (mxe gyra intein) that have been modified to cleave peptide bonds at their c and n termini, respectively, were cloned in-frame to the n and c termini of a target protein. peptide bond cleavage of the modified inteins generated an n-terminal cysteine and a c-terminal thioester on the same protein. these complementary reactive groups underwent intra- or intermolecular condensation to generate circular or polymer ... | 1999 | 10373440 |
| mycobacteria other than tuberculosis with an emphasis on mycobacterium xenopi in clinical specimens from aids patients at the university hospital of vienna from 1989 to 1996. | this study was carried out to provide an overview of the frequency of various mycobacterial species isolated from aids patients at the university hospital of vienna from 1989 to 1996. mycobacterium xenopi was found to be the second most common nontuberculous mycobacterial species (92 specimens from 30 patients) and was cultured predominantly from respiratory tract specimens. in 55% of patients, chest x-rays taken at the time of isolation demonstrated pathologic changes which could not be attribu ... | 1999 | 10081122 |
| mycobacterial infections in lung transplant recipients. | immunosuppression and chronic lung disease are known risk factors for mycobacterial infection and might be expected to develop with an increased frequency in lung transplant recipients. we therefore sought to document the incidence and type of mycobacterial infections in a large lung transplant program. | 1999 | 10084486 |
| immunopathology as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy in hiv-1-infected patients. | unusual clinical inflammatory syndromes associated with underlying previously unrecognized opportunistic infections are increasingly being noted shortly after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). this study examined the possible relationship between such unexpected disease manifestations and in vitro parameters of microbial antigen-specific immune reactivity in patients infected with hiv-1 who had a mycobacterium avium intracellulare or mycobacterium xenopi infection. | 1999 | 10202823 |
| purification of proteins fused to either the amino or carboxy terminus of the mycobacterium xenopi gyrase a intein. | the mycobacterium xenopi gyrase a mini-intein has been engineered to yield a controllable n-terminal or c-terminal, single-splice-junction autocleavage element. when combined with an affinity tag, these modified mini-inteins can be used to purify target proteins after a single combined chromatography/cleavage step. cleavage at the intein n terminus was induced with thiol reagents, while cleavage at the intein c terminus was induced by a temperature shift to 16 degrees-25 degrees c. different pre ... | 1999 | 10407673 |
| overexpression of fas/cd95 and fas-induced apoptosis in a patient with idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia. | the mechanisms of apoptosis have become better understood, in part with the discovery of fas/cd95. we report the case of a patient characterized by a decreased cd4+ t cell count and an overexpression of fas/cd95 resulting in apoptosis. a 54-year-old man presented with disseminated mycobacterium xenopi infection. analysis showed cd4+ t lymphopenia. tests for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 were negative. we compared the patient with eight healthy controls and five hiv-infected pa ... | 1999 | 10452627 |
| [clinical significance of the isolation of mycobacterium xenopi]. | | 1999 | 10422079 |
| use of bactec mgit 960 for recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens: multicenter study. | the bactec mgit 960 instrument is a fully automated system that exploits the fluorescence of an oxygen sensor to detect growth of mycobacteria in culture. its performance was compared to those of the radiometric bactec 460 instrument and egg-based lowenstein-jensen medium. an identical volume of sample was inoculated in different media, and incubation was carried out for 6 weeks with the automatic systems and for 8 weeks on solid media. a total of 2,567 specimens obtained from 1,631 patients wer ... | 1999 | 10523555 |
| mycobacterium xenopi infection of a 50-year-old oil plombage complicated by bronchopleural and pleurocutaneous fistulas. | we report the rare combination of simultaneous bronchopleural and pleurocutaneous fistulas 50 years after oil plombage, together with infection of both the plombage and the contralateral lung with mycobacterium xenopi. our case documents imaging patterns of complex fistula formation and subsequent infection resulting from oil plombage. our case also emphasizes the infectious potential of mycobacterium xenopi. | 1999 | 10524814 |
| septic arthritis in the knee due to mycobacterium xenopi in a patient undergoing hemodialysis. | | 1999 | 10524998 |
| systemic mycobacterioses in aids patients as determined by blood cultures on biphasic medium. | bacteremia due to mycobacteria can occur in aids patients in whom a rapid diagnosis is extremely important in order to plan a therapeutic conduct. blood culture of mycobacteria using a biphasic system was set up in the regional laboratories of the adolfo lutz institute, sp (campinas, ribeirão preto, santo andré, santos, são josé do rio preto and sorocaba). during a three year period (1994-97), 1521 blood samples were analyzed from 1336 aids patients, with cd4+ cell count < 100/ml, hematocrit < 3 ... | 1999 | 10425659 |