| cd4(+) t-lymphocyte and immunoglobulin g2 responses in calves immunized with anaplasma marginale outer membranes and protected against homologous challenge. | protective immunity against the ehrlichial pathogen anaplasma marginale has been hypothesized to require induction of immunoglobulin g2 (igg2) antibody against outer membrane protein epitopes and coordinated activation of macrophages for phagocytosis and killing. in the present study, cell-mediated immune responses, including induction of igg isotype switching, were characterized in calves immunized with purified outer membranes of the florida strain of a. marginale. importantly, these calves we ... | 1998 | 9784551 |
| the absence of clinical disease in cattle in communal grazing areas where farmers are changing from an intensive dipping programme to one of endemic stability to tick-borne diseases. | a two-year field study was conducted in four communal grazing areas in south africa. sera were collected from young cattle (6-18 months old) in these areas during the winters of 1991 to 1993. the sera were tested for antibodies to babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale and cowdria ruminantium. in two of the four areas, treatment with acaricide was erratic and dependent on the discretion of individual owners. in these areas the drought of 1992 had a major impact on tick burdens and ... | 1998 | 9809321 |
| vaccination with anaplasma centrale: response after an experimental challenge with anaplasma marginale. | the haematological and clinical responses to vaccination with anaplasma centrale and to subsequent challenge with anaplasma marginale were evaluated. twenty holstein steers 14 to 16 months of age were divided into two groups of 12 and eight animals respectively (groups i and ii). group i was inoculated on day zero with 10(7) a. centrale-infected erythrocytes and group ii was kept as a control. on day 125 both groups were challenged with 5 x 10(7) a. marginale-infected erythrocytes. a. centrale i ... | 1987 | 3629722 |
| restriction of major surface protein 2 (msp2) variants during tick transmission of the ehrlichia anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is an ehrlichial pathogen of cattle that establishes lifelong persistent infection. persistence is characterized by rickettsemic cycles in which new a. marginale variant types, defined by the sequence of the expressed msp2 transcripts, emerge. the polymorphic msp2 transcripts encode structurally distinct msp2 proteins and result in an antigenically diverse and continually changing a. marginale population within the blood. in this manuscript, we used sequence analysis of msp2 ... | 1999 | 10077656 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in botshabelo and thaba nchu in the free state province. | a seroepidemiological study was conducted on 151 cattle from the botshabelo and thaba nchu areas in the central free state province of south africa, two areas where small scale, peri-urban cattle farming is practised. an indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to test for babesia bigemina and b. bovis antibodies. to test for anaplasma marginale antibodies a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used. there were no significant differences in serological test resu ... | 1998 | 10192841 |
| simultaneous detection of bovine theileria and babesia species by reverse line blot hybridization. | a reverse line blot (rlb) assay was developed for the identification of cattle carrying different species of theileria and babesia simultaneously. we included theileria annulata, t. parva, t. mutans, t. taurotragi, and t. velifera in the assay, as well as parasites belonging to the t. sergenti-t. buffeli-t. orientalis group. the babesia species included were babesia bovis, b. bigemina, and b. divergens. the assay employs one set of primers for specific amplification of the rrna gene v4 hypervari ... | 1999 | 10325324 |
| effect of breed of cattle on innate resistance to infection with anaplasma marginale transmitted by boophilus microplus. | to assess the innate resistance of and transmission in naive bos taurus cross bos indicus and purebred bos indicus cattle when placed in a paddock with cattle infected with anaplasma marginale and carrying boophilus microplus ticks. | 1999 | 10685172 |
| expression of polymorphic msp1beta genes during acute anaplasma marginale rickettsemia. | immunization of cattle with native msp1 induces protection against anaplasma marginale. the native immunogen is composed of a single msp1a protein and multiple, undefined msp1b polypeptides. in addition to the originally sequenced gene, designated msp1beta(f1), we identified three complete msp1beta genes in the florida strain: msp1beta(f2), msp1beta(f3), and msp1beta(f4). each of these polymorphic genes encodes a structurally unique msp1b protein, and unique transcripts can be identified during ... | 2000 | 10722587 |
| sequence and expression analysis of a surface antigen gene family of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale. | the tick-borne rickettsial organism, anaplasma marginale, causes a disease in cattle of world-wide economic significance. this disease, anaplasmosis, is characterized by severe hemolytic anemia, high levels of rickettsemia and, often, death in animals over 3years of age. animals that survive acute infection remain carriers, with continuous sub-microscopic cycles of rickettsemia that can persist for the lifetime of the animal. in the search for potential recombinant immunogens, it was discovered ... | 2000 | 10925201 |
| tick infestations on livestock in the yemen arab republic and their potential as vectors of livestock diseases. | a survey of ticks on cattle, camels, sheep, goats and donkeys in four different geographical locations of the yemen arab republic (yar) was carried out to provide more information on the possible risk of tick-borne diseases to imported exotic cattle included in the yar's plans for livestock development. the most abundant ticks were hyalomma spp. particularly on camels. ticks found on cattle included hyalomma spp., amblyomma variegatum, boophilus annulatus and rhipicephalus spp. in general with t ... | 1987 | 3603710 |
| anaplasma marginale inactivated vaccine: dose titration against a homologous challenge. | the present study was performed to dose-titrate an anaplasma marginale experimental immunogen derived from partially purified initial bodies from three geographically different mexican strains. three five-bovine groups were inoculated twice on days zero and 21 with a. marginale initial bodies equivalent to 1.5 x 10(10) (group i), 3 x 10(10) (group ii) or 6 x 10(10) (group iii) infected erythrocytes mixed with stdcm adjuvant. a similar group served as non-vaccinated controls. all four groups were ... | 2000 | 11038126 |
| detection of anaplasma-marginale-infected tick vectors by using a cloned dna probe. | anaplasmosis is the most widely distributed of several important tick-borne diseases that constrain cattle production throughout much of the world. evaluation of the effectiveness of disease control strategies that integrate vaccination with tick control requires the ability to monitor tick and cattle infection rates. to detect anaplasma marginale in ticks and bovine erythrocytes, a 2-kilobase dna fragment from a cloned a. marginale gene coding for a surface protein having a mr of 105,000 was pr ... | 1988 | 3422471 |
| integrated molecular diagnosis of theileria and babesia species of cattle in italy. | a reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) test was developed to specifically identify six theileria spp. (t. annulata, t. parva, t. mutans, t. velifera, t. taurotragi, and t. buffeli/orientalis) and three babesia spp. (b. bovis, b. bigemina, and b. divergens). no cross reaction was observed with other livestock pathogens (such as anaplasma marginale, a. centrale, a. ovis, cowdria ruminantium, trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense, and t. vivax). this method was used to test bovine blood samples collec ... | 2000 | 11193668 |
| analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence of anaplasma centrale and its phylogenetic relatedness to other ehrlichiae. | the nucleotide sequence of the anaplasma centrale 16s rrna gene was determined and compared with the sequences of ehrlichial bacteria. the sequence of a. centrale was closely related to anaplasma marginale by both level-of-similarity (98.08% identical) and distance analysis. a species-specific pcr was developed based upon the alignment data. the pcr can detect a. centrale dna extracted from 10 infected bovine red blood cells in a reaction mixture. a. centrale dna was amplified in the reaction, b ... | 2001 | 11238202 |
| characteristics of an attenuated anaplasma marginale of deer origin as an anaplasmosis vaccine. | a fully virulent field anaplasma marginale isolate, passaged to a splenectomised white tailed deer, lost virulence for cattle after 18 months in the non-bovine host. this attenuated a. marginale produced a mild response in four 18-month-old holstein steers characterised by an average 2.4% parasitaemia, a 13% drop in pcv and a positive serological response. all vaccinated steers were immune to challenge with a fully virulent, heterologous a. marginale when compared with non-vaccinated controls. | 1988 | 3400115 |
| seroprevalences of vector-transmitted infections of small-holder dairy cattle in coastal kenya. | a cross-sectional study was carried out from july to september 1989 in kaloleni division, coast province, kenya to estimate the prevalence of vector-transmitted diseases in small-holder dairy cattle and to identify the risk factors associated with different management systems. one hundred and thirty of the 157 herds with dairy cattle in kaloleni division were surveyed. these were from three agro-ecological zones (coconut-cassava, cashew nut-cassava and livestock-millet), comprised two management ... | 2001 | 11566374 |
| immunization of cattle with anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture. | anaplasmosis is a hemolytic disease of cattle caused by the ehrlichial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale. killed vaccines used for control of anaplasmosis in the us used antigen harvested from infected bovine erythrocytes which was often contaminated with bovine cells and other pathogens. in this study, we performed an initial cattle trial to test a. marginale harvested from tick cell culture as an immunogen for cattle. eleven yearling holstein cattle were immunized with the cell culture-d ... | 2001 | 11705661 |
| characterisation of the 33kda piroplasm surface antigen of theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli isolates from west java, indonesia. | the immunodominant 33/35kda antigen of a theileria isolate from west java, indonesia, was characterised and immuno-affinity purified by use of a monoclonal antibody, kul-a4, and was shown to be representative of the t. orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group. the aminoterminal sequence of the purified 35kda peptide (20 residues) was determined by automated edman degradation and found to correspond to the predicted amino acid sequence of a prospective p33 gene previously sequenced from the same isolate ... | 2002 | 11809330 |
| major histocompatibility complex class ii dr-restricted memory cd4(+) t lymphocytes recognize conserved immunodominant epitopes of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a. | native major surface protein 1 (msp1) of anaplasma marginale, composed of covalently associated msp1a and msp1b proteins, stimulates protective immunity in cattle against homologous and heterologous strain challenge. protective immunity against pathogens in the family anaplasmataceae involves both cd4(+) t cells and neutralizing immunoglobulin g. thus, an effective vaccine should contain both cd4(+) t- and b-lymphocyte epitopes that will elicit strong memory responses upon infection with homolog ... | 2002 | 12228278 |
| tick-borne diseases (tbds) of dairy cows in a mediterranean environment: a clinical, serological, and hematological study. | a longitudinal study of tick-borne diseases (tbds) in southern italy was carried out by monitoring two dairy farms (a and b) located in the apulia region. on each farm ten calves and ten heifers were observed monthly from may 1999 to february 2001 for clinical signs and blood parameters; antibodies against babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale using an elisa test were also monitored for the first eight months of the study. totals of 28 and 14 cases of tbds were observed in the complete herds ... | 2002 | 12381611 |
| detection and quantitation of anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle by using a nucleic acid probe. | cattle which have recovered from acute infection with anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial hemoparasite of cattle, frequently remain persistently infected with a low-level parasitemia and serve as reservoirs for disease transmission. to fully understand the role of these carriers in disease prevalence and transmission, it is essential that low levels of parasitemia can be accurately detected and quantitated. we have developed a nucleic acid probe, derived from a portion of a gene encoding a 105,00 ... | 1989 | 2915021 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasmosis in the red river plains and south-east areas of louisiana. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale in serum samples collected from cattle in the red river plains and south-east areas of louisiana. convenience sampling of herd clusters was used. a reactor rate of 7.8% was found in 11,085 samples. beef cattle had a 11.2% reactor rate compared with 3.8% for dairy cattle. the angus and angus cross-breed group had the highest reactor rate. | 1989 | 2675458 |
| anaplasma marginale msp1alpha genotypes evolved under positive selection pressure but are not markers for geographic isolates. | anaplasma marginale (order rickettsiales, family anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. many geographic isolates of a. marginale occur in the united states and have been identified by major surface protein 1a (msp1a), which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem 28- to 29-amino-acid repeats. the present study was undertaken to examine the genetic variations among isolates of a. marginale ... | 2003 | 12682152 |
| serological evidence of exposure to tick fever organisms in young cattle on queensland dairy farms. | to compare the features of farms on which the exposure of young cattle to tick fever organisms is sufficient to ensure that immunity is high and the risk of clinical disease is low (endemic stability) with those of farms on which exposure is insufficient to induce widespread immunity (hence without endemic stability); to examine the relationships between the management of ticks and tick fever, and endemic stability to babesia bovis, b. bigemina and anaplasma marginale. | 2003 | 15080428 |
| glycosylation of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and its putative role in adhesion to tick cells. | anaplasma marginale, the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle that multiplies in erythrocytes and tick cells. major surface protein 1a (msp1a) and msp1b form the msp1 complex of a. marginale, which is involved in adhesion of the pathogen to host cells. in this study we tested the hypothesis that msp1a and msp1b were glycosylated, because the observed molecular weights of both proteins were greater than the deduced molecular masses. we further hyp ... | 2004 | 15102815 |
| molecular conservation of msp4 and msp5 in anaplasma marginale and a. centrale vaccine strain. | anaplasma centrale msp4 and msp5 genes were cloned and sequenced, and the recombinant proteins were expressed. the identity between anaplasma marginale and a. centrale msp4 was 83% in the nucleotide sequences and 91.7% in the encoded protein sequences. a. centrale msp5 nucleotide sequences shared 86.8% identity with a. marginale msp5, and there was 92.9% homology between a. centrale and a. marginale encoded amino acids of the msp5 protein. southern blots hybridized with probes derived from the m ... | 2004 | 15135513 |
| genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny of anaplasma marginale isolates from minas gerais, brazil. | anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and many isolates of a. marginale may occur in a given geographic area. phylogenetic relationships have been reported for a. marginale isolates from the us using gene and protein sequences of msp1a and msp4. these studies demonstrated that msp4 sequences, but not msp1a dna or protein sequences, provide phylogeographic information and also that msp1a ... | 2004 | 15135871 |
| disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia. | samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ... | 2004 | 15137493 |
| nucleic acid levels in anaplasma marginale during experimentally induced bovine anaplasmosis. | the dna and rna concentrations in uninfected and anaplasma marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes were determined. bovine anaplasmosis was experimentally induced and the nucleic acid levels were followed during the development of the a. marginale infection. two distinct growth stages were found, the "multiplication" stage and the "transfer" stage. based on this hypothetycal developmental cycle, the amount of dna and rna per anaplasma initial body was estimated as 73.1 x 10(-3) pg and 45.7 x 10(- ... | 1988 | 2451913 |
| stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of anaplasma infection. | multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific a. marginale strains are preferentially transmitted. the study herd of cattle (n = 261) had an infection prevalence of 29% as determined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and pcr, with complete concordance between results of the two assays. genotyping revealed th ... | 2004 | 15528749 |
| efficacy of purified anaplasma marginale initial bodies as a vaccine against anaplasmosis. | anaplasma marginale initial bodies of the florida strain were purified from infected erythrocytes using a combination of ultrasonic disruption, nonionic detergent and differential centrifugation. immunochemical analysis revealed at least 12 a. marginale proteins in the molecular mass (m) range 81-15 kda with a prominent band at 38 kda. several of these proteins remained insoluble in the presence of nonionic detergent. preparations of purified anaplasma initial bodies contained negligible erythro ... | 1991 | 2027888 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 cd4+-t-cell epitopes are evenly distributed in conserved and hypervariable regions (hvr), whereas linear b-cell epitopes are predominantly located in the hvr. | organisms in the genus anaplasma express an immunodominant major surface protein 2 (msp2), composed of a central hypervariable region (hvr) flanked by highly conserved regions. throughout anaplasma marginale infection, recombination results in the sequential appearance of novel msp2 variants and subsequent control of rickettsemia by the immune response, leading to persistent infection. to determine whether immune evasion and selection for variant organisms is associated with a predominant respon ... | 2004 | 15557669 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale dna in larvae of boophilus microplus ticks by polymerase chain reaction. | boophilus microplus larvae from two different sources were used for the detection of anaplasma marginale dna: larvae a, which were collected from a pasture of an endemic farm, and larvae b, which originated from engorged female ticks fed on calves with no clinical signs of disease and with low rickettsemia (approximately 0.01 to 1.0%). larvae a were collected monthly, from january to may in 2001. two hundred engorged female ticks fed on calves that provided larvae b were divided into groups of 1 ... | 2004 | 15604475 |
| analysis of protein compositions and surface protein epitopes of anaplasma centrale and anaplasma marginale. | protein composition was compared and epitopes were analyzed among the isolates of anaplasma centrale and a. marginale by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting using bovine antisera and monoclonal antibodies, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. common and unique proteins were found among the isolates. all isolates tested had a major surface protein with an apparent molecular weight of 38 to 40 kilodalton which had slight molecular size variations between spe ... | 1991 | 1713792 |
| lack of infectivity of a brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate for boophilus microplus ticks. | previous studies have shown that one brazilian anaplasma marginale isolate presents an inclusion appendage (tail), while other isolates do not present such inclusion. studies on tick transmission have been carried out with tailless isolates but little is known about transmission of tailed isolates by boophilus microplus. two splenectomized calves were experimentally inoculated with the tailed a. marginale isolate. during ascending rickettsemia, b. microplus larvae, free from hemoparasites, were ... | 2004 | 15740870 |
| detection of antibodies against anaplasma marginale in milk using a recombinant msp5 indirect elisa. | an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) for diagnosis of anaplasmosis using undiluted individual milk samples from dairy cows was developed. the recombinant 19 kda major surface protein 5 (rmsp5) of anaplasma marginale was used as antigen. a monoclonal antibody against bovine igg1 conjugated with peroxidase and the chromogen 3,5,3',5'-tetramethylbenzidine were used in the test. strong and weak, positive and negative milk samples were set up as reference controls. results were expr ... | 2005 | 15778035 |
| seroprevalence survey for anaplasma marginale-infection of austrian cattle. | a serologic survey study of 5,076 austrian cattle farming herds was carried out in the period of december 1988 till march 1990. one animal was randomly selected from each herd and the antibody titer against anaplasma marginale in blood serum samples was evaluated by means of the complement fixation test. the number of these tested blood samples was 3.6% of 140,081 cattle herd farms of austria. 109 (2.1%) of the tested animals showed positive titers (1:10) against anaplasma marginale, in relation ... | 1992 | 1621479 |
| spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in tanzania to tick-borne pathogens. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne pathogens (theileria parva, theileria mutans,anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) was conducted on smallholder dairy farms in tanga and iringa regions of tanzania. seroprevalence was highest for t. parva (48% in iringa and 23% in tanga) and b. bigemina (43% in iringa and 27% in tanga) and lowest for b. bovis (12% in iringa and 6% in tanga). we use spatial and non-spatial models, fitted using classical ... | 2005 | 16023121 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma species major surface proteins and implications for anaplasmosis serodiagnosis and vaccine development. | the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) includes several pathogens of veterinary and human medical importance. an understanding of the diversity of anaplasma major surface proteins (msps), including those msps that modulate infection, development of persistent infections, and transmission of pathogens by ticks, is derived in part, by characterization and phylogenetic analyses of geographic strains. information concerning the genetic diversity of anaplasma spp. msps will likely influ ... | 2005 | 16164010 |
| sequencing a new target genome: the boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) genome project. | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. the availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are p ... | 2006 | 16506442 |
| louse-borne bacterial pathogens in lice (phthiraptera) of rodents and cattle from egypt. | we collected 1,023 lice, representing 5 species, from rats and domestic cattle throughout 13 governorates in egypt and tested these lice for anaplasma marginale, bartonella spp., brucella spp., borrelia recurrentis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and rickettsia spp. by pcr amplification and sequencing. five different louse-borne bacterial agents were detected in lice from rodents or cattle, including "bartonella rattimassiliensis", "b. phoceensis", and bartonella sp. near bartonella ... | 2006 | 16729688 |
| single-step technique for staining anaplasma marginale in bovine blood smears. | three available differential stains, camco-quik, diff-quik, and wright-giesma were compared for detection of intraerythrocytic anaplasma marginale in bovine blood smears. in samples where < 1% to more than 51% of the rbc were infected, statistical analysis of the data indicated no significant difference in the detection of a marginale with camco-quik or diff-quik stains. however, a significantly lower percentage of infected rbc were detected when blood smears were stained with the wright-giemsa ... | 1992 | 1280925 |
| prevalence of blood parasites in cattle from wilayates of annaba and el tarf east algeria. | between june and september 2002, a preliminary study was conducted to assess the prevalence of blood parasites of cattle in eastern algeria. fifty-four bovines of different genotypes were submitted to clinical examination. from each animal, blood smears were made and stained by giemsa. four species of parasites, namely theileria annulata, t. orientalis, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale were encountered. fifty animals carried single or multiple infections with blood parasites and four were f ... | 2004 | 16929762 |
| survey of anaplasmosis in elk of the clearwater national forest (idaho). | samples of blood from 27 free-roaming elk (cervus canadensis canadensis) from the clearwater national forest in north central idaho were tested by the rapid card agglutination test and complement-fixation test for the presence of antibodies against anaplasma marginale. the serum card test and complement-fixation test gave incomplete and false-positive reactions; the plasma card test did not give any reactions. anaplasma bodies or other blood parasites were not observed in stained smears of elk b ... | 1976 | 1275349 |
| serum levels of conglutinin, complement, and immunoconglutinin in cattle infected with anaplasma marginale. | sera from 10 splenectomized yearling cattle given massive doses of anaplasma marginale (peracute cases) were assayed for conglutinin and complement. sera from 5 nonsplenectomized yearling cattle given smaller doses (acute cases) were assayed for conglutinin, immunoconglutinin, and complement. in the peracute cases, conglutinating activity disappeared within 6 days after the cattle inoculated. in the acute cases, conglutining began to disappear at 3 weeks after inoculation and had disappeared at ... | 1978 | 727576 |
| development of an immunosensor for the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. | an optical immunosensor based in major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale was developed towards detection of anti-anaplasma sp. antibodies in acute infection as well as in vaccinated cattle. this study was performed using recombinant msp5 covalently immobilised in controlled pore glass (cpg) beads to detect anti-msp5 antibodies in serum samples. the quantification is based on the measurement of the cy5 fluorescence of the detection antibody, anti bovine igg, after reaction with seru ... | 2006 | 17135541 |
| in vivo endothelial cell infection by anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. in this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that a marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody anaf16c1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. the results indicate that a marginale infection includes endothelial cells an ... | 2007 | 17197636 |
| resistance to anaplasmosis after elimination of latent anaplasma marginale infections. | ten 30-month-old cattle (group 2) were inoculated with anaplasma marginale 6 months after the latent a marginale infection was eliminated by oral chlortetracycline therapy. in addition, 4 cattle (group 1) with no record of infection and 4 cattle (group 3) of equivalent age previously vaccinated with a killed antigen were similarly inoculated. moderate to severe clinical signs of acute anaplasmosis occurred in the group 1 (previously uninfected) cattle, whereas only 1 of the chlortetracycline-tre ... | 1977 | 557302 |
| in vitro cultivation of anaplasma marginale: invasion of and development in noninfected erythrocytes. | ovine erythrocytes infected with attenuated anaplasma marginale organisms were cultured in a suspension of normal ovine erythrocytes and normal bovine erythrocytes for 42 days. in each system, the organism showed an initial period of rapid growth followed by a gradual decrease in the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes accompanied by cyclic peaks. the percentage of infection of ovine erythrocytes were not different when normal ovine or bovine erythrocytes were added to the cultures. in vitro ... | 1979 | 525898 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| evaluation of the anaplasmosis rapid card agglutination test for detecting experimentally-infected elk. | anaplasma marginale was experimentally transmitted from cattle to elk to cattle. six intact adult elk (cervus canadensis canadensis) inoculated with freshly collected heparinized blood from cattle chronically infected with a. marginale became asymptomatic carriers. although the elk did not develop clinical or hematologic evidence of infection, they became seropositive by the serum(srca) and plasma rapid card agglutination (prca) tests. blood from the experimentally-infected elk produced disease ... | 1979 | 501840 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia. | in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ... | 2007 | 17476576 |
| comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. | to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers. | 2007 | 17669027 |
| targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ... | 2007 | 17682853 |
| [transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale]. | this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ... | 2007 | 18078602 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| development of a lateral flow assay for rapid detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale. | a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale was developed. the assay used a recombinant peptide of major surface protein 5 as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for bovine igg(1) conjugated with colloidal gold beads for detection. serum and anticoagulated blood samples were obtained from cattle in an area where anaplasmosis was endemic. the samples were selected based on positive identification of the organism in blood smears. the unclotted bloo ... | 2008 | 18080877 |
| physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) of bacterial pathogens are essential for their growth and survival and especially for attachment and invasion of host cells. since the outer membrane is the interface between the bacterium and the host cell, outer membranes and individual omps are targeted for development of vaccines against many bacterial diseases. whole outer membrane fractions often protect against disease, and this protection cannot be fully reproduced by using individual omps. exactly how ... | 2008 | 18086812 |
| comparisons of the complement-fixation, indirect fluorescent antibody, and card agglutination tests for the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. | results of complement-fixation (cf), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa), and card agglutination (ct) tests were statistically compared, using 380 serum samples obtained from 140 cattle which were disease-free or naturally or experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale of colombian origin. the ifa test was significantly the most sensitive for detection of amimals infected with anaplasmosis (97%); the ct test and the cf test were less so (84% and 79%, respectively). however, the most efficie ... | 1978 | 358874 |
| parasitic infections in dairy cattle around hanoi, northern vietnam. | in northern vietnam, dairy cattle are mainly managed in small-scale farms, where animals are kept confined and feeding occurs by cut and carry methods. in the present study the occurrence of parasitic infections was examined in five provinces around hanoi. a total of 201 farms were visited, and 334 stool and 239 blood samples were collected from calves younger than 3 months, animals between 3 and 24 months and adult cows. furthermore, 254 milk samples were collected from lactating animals. copro ... | 2008 | 18328629 |
| productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in australia. | tick fever is an important disease of cattle where rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus acts as a vector for the three causal organisms babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale. bos indicus cattle and their crosses are more resistant to the clinical effects of infection with b. bovis and b. bigemina than are bos taurus cattle. resistance is not complete, however, and herds of b. indicus-cross cattle are still at risk of babesiosis in environments where exposure to b. bovis is light ... | 2008 | 18472219 |
| induced immune response of dna vaccine encoding an association msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 antigens of anaplasma marginale. | the outer membrane proteins of anaplasma marginale have been the focus of research to obtain an improved vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. we evaluated the capacity of the recombinant plasmids pcdna-msp1alpha, pcdna-msp1beta, and pcdna-mp5 to express msp1a, msp1b, and msp5 proteins, and to determine the immunogenicity of balb/c mice immunized with these plasmids individually or in association. expression of proteins was confirmed in vero cells by ifa. the combination of recombinant plasmids s ... | 2008 | 18502005 |
| clinical features associated with seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in african cattle under natural tick challenge. | a longitudinal study was conducted in southeast uganda for 14 months on 640 zebu cattle kept under natural tick challenge, with a view to identifying clinical features for prediction of seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections. physical examination, condition scoring and tick counts were undertaken on all cattle every 4 weeks. in addition, 5300 sera were collected and analysed for antibodies against a. marginale, b. bigemina and t. parva infections u ... | 2008 | 18579313 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick bm95 immunogenic peptides on escherichia coli. | the surface display of heterologous proteins on live escherichia coli using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has impacted on many areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (msp1a) contains n-terminal surface-exposed repeated peptides (28-289 amino acids) that are involved in pathogen interaction with host cell receptors and is surface-displayed when the recombinant protein is expressed in e. coli. therefore, it was ... | 2008 | 18582976 |
| frequency of antibodies to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of the state of pará, brazil. | babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. the objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the frequency of seropositive cattle to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of pará, brazil. sera samples from 246 femal ... | 2008 | 18823579 |
| variations in seroprevalence and host factors for bovine anaplasmosis in illinois. | the modified card agglutination test (mcat) was used to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale in 4994 samples collected from market cattle through the brucellosis eradication program in illinois. the mcat reactor rate in the sample was 6.4%. the statewide prevalence estimate increased to between 7.1% and 10.7% when corrected for sampling distribution and test sensitivity and specificity. while the sample reactor rate measures the proportion of infected cattle moving through the market system ... | 1997 | 9060138 |
| first report of bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma centrale in europe. | anaplasma centrale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is used as a live vaccine for cattle against the pathogenic anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical areas. herein we report a clinical case of bovine anaplasmosis associated with a. centrale infection in italy, together with the first molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of this anaplasma species or subspecies in europe. | 2008 | 19120185 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 3 is encoded by a polymorphic, multigene family. | the immunodominant surface protein, msp3, is structurally and antigenically polymorphic among strains of anaplasma marginale. in this study we show that a polymorphic multigene family is at least partially responsible for the variation seen in msp3. the a. marginale msp3 gene msp3-12 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. with msp3-12 as a probe, multiple, partially homologous gene copies were identified in the genomes of three a. marginale strains. these copies were widely distributed th ... | 1997 | 8975906 |
| prevalence of anaplasma marginale in different tick species from ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | in 2001, ngorongoro crater was infested with high density of ticks on grassland, livestock and wildlife which was also associated with high mortality. adult ticks were collected, identified, processed for nucleic acids extraction and a molecular analysis was performed to determine the range of tick species harboring anaplasma marginale. the real-time pcr was used in the amplification of rickettsia dna in tick pools (n=527) from 11 identified tick species. six tick species were detected with a. m ... | 2009 | 19201099 |
| seroprevalence estimation and management factors associated with high herd seropositivity for anaplasma marginale in commercial dairy farms of puerto rico. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine individual cow seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in adult lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico (pr) and to assess the associations of farm management factors on herd seroprevalence. antibody activity against a. marginale was determined using the msp-5 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. serum samples were obtained from 2,414 adult lactating dairy cattle from 76 randomly selected commercial dairy farms. herd seroprevalence ranged ... | 2009 | 19337849 |
| first report of trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle from costa rica. | an outbreak of haemoparasitoses occurred from october 2007 to july 2008 in cattle from the district of rio cuarto, province of alajuela, costa rica. fifty animals of various ages out of 450 brown swiss were affected. the animals presented fever, severe anemia, jaundice, abortion or premature birth, loss of appetite, decrease milk production and accentuated weight loss in a short period of time. haemoparasites were observed in the blood smears: anaplasma marginale was present in 17 animals (60.7% ... | 2009 | 19414224 |
| [seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in cattle from center-south region of paraná state, brazil by a competitive elisa test with recombinant msp5-pr1 protein]. | anaplasma marginale prevalence was determined in 223 sera samples in 2-year old or older cattle, from the center-southern region of the paraná state, including ponta grossa, guarapuava and laranjeiras do sul municipalities. a survey of antibodies igg class against anaplasma marginale was performed through a competitive immune absorbent assay (celisa-pr1). from the 223 sera examined, 130 (58.74%) reacted to celisa-pr1 test, suggesting an region of enzootic instability, with a significant percenta ... | 2009 | 19500456 |
| seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in oklahoma from 1977 to 1991. | the prevalence of anaplasmosis in oklahoma cattle was determined on the basis of the standardized anaplasma marginale complement fixation test on 20,155 sera submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory during a 15-year period. rates of seropositivity ranged from 4.7% to 17.6% on samples submitted for anaplasmosis testing of adult cows. the geographic distribution of recorded cases of anaplasmosis was 35 oklahoma counties in 1977 and 48 oklahoma counties in 1991. | 1994 | 8068752 |
| expression and immune recognition of the conserved msp4 outer membrane protein of anaplasma marginale. | defining conserved, protective epitopes is essential to the design of an effective vaccine against bovine anaplasmosis. msp4, one of six initial body proteins recognized by a neutralizing serum, is conserved among anaplasma marginale isolates at both the protein and the dna levels. sera from cattle immunized with an outer membrane fraction of a. marginale and protected from a virulent challenge bind msp4. the gene for msp4 has been cloned, and the recombinant protein has been expressed, isolated ... | 1993 | 7693596 |
| a comparative study of experimental anaplasmosis in bos indicus and bos taurus cattle. | comparative studies were carried out on the susceptibility of 8 bos taurus and 10 predominantly bos indicus cross cows aged 48 months to anaplasma marginale infection. measurements were carried out on bodyweight, parasitaemia, haematological factors, humoral antibody response and serum transaminase levels. except for minor differences in reaction bos indicus and bos taurus animals were equally susceptible to infecton with the strain of a. marginale employed. such differences observed were not si ... | 1980 | 7425986 |
| differential expression of genes in salivary glands of male rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in response to infection with anaplasma marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is vectored by rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which results in infection of salivary glands from where the pathogen is transmitted to cattle. in previous studies, we reported modification of gene expression in dermacentor variabilis and cultured ixodes scapu ... | 2010 | 20298599 |
| clinical chemistry of anaplasmosis: comparative serum protein changes elicited by attenuated and virulent anaplasma marginale isolates. | in a comparative study of the clinical chemical changes during anaplasma marginale infection, 16 intact mature cows were infected with either of 2 virulent isolates. eight others were treated with a live a marginale vaccine (sheep-attenuated) and 7 were maintained as controls. before and during patency, samples of blood from the cows were analyzed for total wbc, parasitemia, card test titer (ctt), total protein, albumin, and globulin fractions. in the cows inoculated with virulent isolates, albu ... | 1981 | 7258784 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype detected in naturally infected cattle in north america. | during a research investigation to determine if cattle from british columbia (bc), canada were infected with anaplasma marginale or other related rickettsial blood parasites, a novel ehrlichia genotype was revealed. blood from seven bc source cattle was bioassayed by intravenous inoculation into naïve splenectomised calves. additional splenectomised calves were used as uninoculated negative control or a. marginale-inoculated positive control. newly designed sets of primers specific for the msp5 ... | 2010 | 20663613 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| detecting and differentiating theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by pcr based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). | theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis are closely related members of benign theileria species found in cattle and yaks in china. they are morphologically indistinguishable. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting major piroplasm surface protein of t. sergenti and t. sinensis was developed in this study. the newly developed oligonucleotide primer set was able to specifically amplify the dna of t. sinensis and in conjunction with primers for t. sergenti and these two species could be detec ... | 2010 | 20685208 |
| comparison of surface proteins of anaplasma marginale grown in tick cell culture, tick salivary glands, and cattle. | anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle, infects bovine erythrocytes, resulting in mild to severe hemolytic disease that causes economic losses in domestic livestock worldwide. recently, the virginia isolate of a. marginale was propagated in a continuous tick cell line, ide8, derived from embryonic ixodes scapularis. development of a. marginale in cell culture was morphologically similar to that described previously in ticks. in order to evaluate the potential of the cel ... | 1999 | 9864202 |
| haemoparasite prevalence and theileria parva strain diversity in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) in uganda. | cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) are considered to be an important reservoir for various tick-borne haemoparasites of veterinary importance. in this study we have compared the haemoparasite carrier prevalence in buffalo from four geographically isolated national parks in uganda [lake mburo national park (lmnp), queen elizabeth national park (qenp), murchison falls national park (mfnp) and kidepo valley national park (kvnp)]. differences were seen in haemoparasite prevalence in buffalo from the fou ... | 2010 | 21074945 |
| epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in zambia. | tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa are east coast fever (caused by theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by babesia bigemina and b. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by ehrlichia ruminantium). despite ... | 2010 | 21106294 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between a. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live a. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine. | live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with a. marginale sensu stricto strains. despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. a cor ... | 2010 | 21189322 |
| Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens. | Vaccines containing the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus BM86 and BM95 antigens protect cattle against tick infestations. Tick subolesin (SUB), elongation factor 1a (EF1a) and ubiquitin (UBQ) are new candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Previous studies showed that R. microplus BM95 immunogenic peptides fused to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a N-terminal region (BM95-MSP1a) for presentation on the Escherichia coli membrane were prot ... | 2012 | 22085549 |
| Acute phase response in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale. | This study was undertaken to evaluate the acute phase responses via the assessment of the concentration of serum sialic acids (total, lipid bound and protein bound), inflammatory mediators (IFN-? and TNF-a) and acute phase proteins (Hp and SAA) in 20 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by Anaplasma marginale. The infected animals were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of parasitemia rate (<20% and >20%). Also, as a control group, 10 clinically healthy cattle from the same farms were sa ... | 2011 | 21940118 |
| Molecular Study of Free-ranging Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer from British Columbia, Canada, for Evidence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. | Twenty-three free-ranging white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) from south-central British Columbia, Canada, were tested for Anaplasma marginale by msp5 gene-specific PCR and Ehrlichia spp. by 16S rRNA or citrate synthase (gltA) gene-specific PCR, as well as by PCR with universal 16S rRNA primers detecting a wide range of bacteria. No deer tested positive for A. marginale. Amplification with universal 16S rRNA primers followed by sequencing o ... | 2011 | 21933360 |
| development of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of theileria annulata, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in cattle. | tropical theileriosis, bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases that impose serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. a common feature of these diseases is that, following recovery from primary infection, animals become persistent carriers of the pathogen and continue to play a critical role in disease epidemiology, acting as reservoirs of infection. this study describes development and eva ... | 2012 | 23183165 |
| anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in cattle in tunisia. | tick-borne diseases caused by anaplasma species put serious constraints on the health and production of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions. after recovering from a primary infection, cattle typically become persistent carriers of pathogens and play a critical role in the epidemiology of the disease, acting as reservoirs of the anaplasma spp. | 2016 | 27765073 |
| molecular study on infection rates of anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale in sheep and cattle in west-azerbaijan province, iran. | this study was carried out to determine the presence and frequency of anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale in sheep and dairy cattle in west-azerbaijan province, iran. a total number of 200 blood samples were randomly collected via the jugular vein from apparently healthy cattle (100) and sheep (100). the extracted dna from blood cells was screened using genus-specific (anaplasma spp.) nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on 16s rrna gene primer sets. species-specific pcr was set up us ... | 2016 | 27482362 |
| outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with the presence of different anaplasma marginale strains in dairy cattle in the states of são paulo and goiás, brazil. | the present study reports the genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale during anaplasmosis outbreaks in rural properties of the states of goiás and são paulo, brazil. mortality rates of 3.5% (37/1,050) in calves, 4.7% (45/954) in heifers and 1.1% (25/2,200) in lactating cows were observed in a cattle herd of the municipality of mambaí, state of goiás, central-western brazil. in a cattle herd from the municipality of lins, state of são paulo, in southeastern brazil, none of the animals died, desp ... | 2015 | 26648009 |
| transplacental transmission of bovine tick-borne pathogens: frequency, co-infections and fatal neonatal anaplasmosis in a region of enzootic stability in the northeast of brazil. | bovine tick-borne disease (tbd) constitutes a worldwide group of diseases that result in great losses for dairy and beef cattle. with regard to the epidemiological profile of the diseases, the importance of transplacental transmission is still not very well understood. the aim of this study was to determine the transplacental transmission of tbd agents (anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and b. bigemina) in a herd of dairy cattle that had been naturally infected in an area of enzootic stability ... | 2016 | 26613663 |
| demonstration of colonies of anaplasma marginale in the midgut of rhipicephalus simus. | rhipicephalus simus nymphs were allowed to feed on a cow experimentally infected with the bw-strain of anaplasma marginale from republic of south africa, and they were studied as adults. colonies were demonstrated by light microscopy in midgut epithelial cells of adult ticks that were unfed (as adults), incubated, or prefed for 72 hours on a cow. the colonies occurred in 5 different morphologic types (1 to 5) that were similar to those described previously for a virginia isolate of a marginale i ... | 1983 | 6660614 |
| bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis complex: diagnosis and evaluation of the risk factors from bahia, brazil. | direct diagnoses were made by using - blood smears and nested pcr (npcr) tests on 309 blood samples from crossbred dairy cattle in the municipality of ibicaraí, bahia. from diagnostic blood smear slides, the observed parasitic frequencies were 31.1% for anaplasma marginale and 20.4% for babesia sp. from npcr diagnoses, they were 63% for a. marginale, 34% for babesia bigemina and 20.4% for babesia bovis. there were significant differences (p <0.01) between the two diagnostic methods (npcr and blo ... | 2016 | 25271452 |
| risk factors for anaplasmosis in dairy cows during the peripartum. | anaplasma marginale is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. some studies have suggested that cows during peripartum may present a transient immunosuppression state and development of clinical signs of anaplasmosis. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between some risk factors and the seroprevalence of a. marginale in dairy cows during peripartum in rio de janeiro, brazil. the risk factors analyzed in association with the prevalence of antibodies again ... | 2014 | 24307390 |
| association of bola-drb3 alleles with tick-borne disease tolerance in dairy cattle in a tropical environment. | tick-borne disease is one of the most harmful tropical diseases in dairy production. selection of dairy cows for tolerance to tick-borne disease is a challenging concept for dairy breeders in the tropics. the objectives of this study were (1) to detect specific tick-borne pathogen in cattle of different genetics and (2) to examine the polymorphisms of drb3.2 alleles in thai dairy cattle and find the allelic association with tick-borne disease tolerance. specific primers to anaplasma marginale (a ... | 2013 | 23571121 |
| prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of punjab (india). | to do the systematic comparison of prevalence of anaplasmosis by pcr and giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) based parasitological assays in dairy cattle of punjab, which has not been reported yet. to analyse the haematobiochemical alterations in infected animals to arrive at the conclusion regarding the pathogenicity induced by anaplasma marginale (a. marginale) in latent and patent infection. | 2013 | 23339917 |
| molecular epidemiological survey and genetic characterization of anaplasma species in mongolian livestock. | anaplasma species are obligate intracellular rickettsial pathogens that cause great economic loss to the animal industry. few studies on anaplasma infections in mongolian livestock have been conducted. this study examined the prevalence of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and anaplasma bovis by polymerase chain reaction assay in 928 blood samples collected from native cattle and dairy cattle (bos taurus), yaks (bos grunniens), sheep (ovis aries), and goats (capra a ... | 2017 | 28678004 |
| evaluation of a commercially available elisa kit for detection of antibodies to anaplasma marginale and anaplasma centrale in cattle in australia and zimbabwe. | a newly available competitive inhibition elisa kit for the serological diagnosis of anaplasmosis was evaluated in australia and zimbabwe. in australia the performance of the test was compared with the card agglutination test (cat). the assay was evaluated using negative sera collected from anaplasma-free herds, positive sera from experimentally infected cattle and sera from anaplasma marginale-endemic herds. the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa in australia were 100 % and 83,3 %, respect ... | 2000 | 11028743 |
| identification and characterization of corpuscular, soluble and secreted antigens of a venezuelan isolate of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is the etiological agent of anaplasmosis, a tick-transmitted disease with an important economic impact that affects cattle throughout the world. although, north american isolates of a. marginale and their antigens have been extensively studied, relatively little information is available on the antigenic composition of south american isolates. the characterization of diverse geographical isolates of a. marginale will result in a thorough antigenic profile and may lead to the i ... | 2000 | 11078939 |