| significant loss of hepatitis a ab after allogeneic hematopoietic sct in pediatric patients. | loss of specific immunity after hematopoietic sct (hsct) is well documented for polio, measles, mumps and tetanus. there are limited studies reporting the loss of hepatitis a virus immunity and no reports evaluating the effect of donor immunity on hepatitis a virus (hav) immunity loss after hsct. a total of 49 of the 81 patients who received hsct at the ankara university pediatric hsct unit from january 1997 to december 2006 had hav serology tested before hsct and were evaluated for seroprevalen ... | 2010 | 19465941 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in the seoul region of korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major public health problem throughout the world. as a result of declining hav endemic in korea, an increasing number of children and adolescents have become susceptible to hav infection. hav is related with sanitation conditions of the environment and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, either through person-to-person contact or by contaminated water and food. the present study has been carried out to determine the phylogenetic analysis and circulating patterns ... | 2009 | 19466614 |
| kinetics of hepatitis a virus replication in vivo and in vitro using negative-strand quantitative pcr. | the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) is via a complementary negative-strand rna. each negative strand may serve as a template for the synthesis of many positive strands. the aim of this study was to detect the intermediate replicative (negative strand) of hav in order to monitor its replication in vitro and in vivo. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was standardized to detect the intermediate replicative of hav in cell culture and liver from non-human primates infected experimental ... | 2009 | 19468763 |
| hepatitis vaccination and infection among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who attend gyms in new york city. | the authors examined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination rates, hepatitis infection, and health care access in a gym-attending sample of 311 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (msm) in new york city. overall, 69% reported having been vaccinated for hav and 70% reported having been vaccinated for hbv. multivariate models were used to identify predictors of hav and hbv vaccination, and younger men, hiv-positive men, and men who had access to a doctor or ... | 2009 | 19477727 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - united states, 2007. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with any of three distinct viruses: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and for hepatitis a since 1995. no vaccine exists against hepatitis c. hbv and hcv can persist as chronic infections and ... | 2009 | 19478727 |
| hepatitis c performance measure on hepatitis a and b vaccination: missed opportunities? | prevention of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc) through vaccination is endorsed by all major professional societies. this study was conducted to determine adherence to the recently adopted physician performance measure on hav and hbv vaccination. | 2009 | 19491840 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in four pacific island nations, 1995-2008. | historically, hepatitis a virus (hav) has been highly prevalent in developing countries, with most infections occurring during childhood, when they are likely to be asymptomatic. shifts in the acquisition of infection from childhood to adulthood, when clinical hepatitis is more likely, may leave populations vulnerable to large outbreaks. we conducted cross-sectional serosurveys from 1995 to 2008 in four pacific island nations to determine the proportion of people previously infected with hav by ... | 2009 | 19520409 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives. | some 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a 5-azidomethyluridine derivative with substituted acetylenes. the antiviral activities of these compounds against hepatitis a virus (hav, mbb cell culture-adapted strain) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) were tested. | 2009 | 19526706 |
| incidence trends of viral hepatitis a, b, and c seropositivity over eight years of surveillance in saudi arabia. | in saudi arabia, viral hepatitis ranked the second most common reportable viral disease in 2007, with almost 9000 new cases diagnosed in that year. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence trends of viral hepatitis seropositivity among the population served by the national guard health affairs (ngha) hospitals in the central, eastern, and western saudi arabia regions. | 2010 | 19540786 |
| increase of atypical lymphocytes expressing cd4+/cd45ro+ in an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | subpopulations of regular and atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a 24-year-old man with an infectious mononucleosis (im)-like syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were analyzed. the ratio of cd4+ to cd8+ cells was in the normal range (1.19 and 1.23 in the regular and atypical lymphocytes, respectively), with no increase in cd8+ cells. the percentage of cd8+/cd11b- cells was not increased in the atypical lymphocytes. however, cd45ro+ was expressed on 86.3% of cd ... | 2009 | 19554404 |
| no evidence of intrauterine transmission of hepatitis a virus from a mother to a premature infant. | to determine whether or not an intrauterine transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) occurred from an infected mother to her premature infant delivered by caesarean section. | 2009 | 19558626 |
| wastewater workers and hepatitis a virus infection. | the main occupational hazard of wastewater workers (wws) is the direct exposure to the variety of infectious agents present in sewage material, with hepatitis a virus (hav) being the most frequent one. most epidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of hepatitis a among wws, although some studies have produced conflicting evidence. | 2009 | 19561054 |
| previous hepatitis a virus infection is related to slower psychomotor speed in elderly adults. | patients with chronic viral hepatitis are at a higher risk for cognitive dysfunction. little is known about the association between hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and cognitive function. | 2009 | 19561144 |
| [efficacy and safety of vaccination against hepatitis a and b in patients with chronic liver disease]. | vaccination to protect against hepatitis a and b should be part of the routine management of patients with chronic liver disease (cld). | 2009 | 19577338 |
| characterization of anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking antibody- and receptor-binding sites on hepatitis a virus. | two anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (mab2s; named 94-2 and 94-7), were generated from a balb/c mouse immunized with human monoclonal anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) neutralizing antibody kf94. we characterized the properties of the mab2s and determined interactions between mab2s, kf94 and hav using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence assay and hav infectivity assay. inactivated hav inhibited mab2 binding to kf94, indicating that the mab2s mimicked the hav neutralization site ... | 2009 | 19578927 |
| rapid detection of anti-hepatitis a virus neutralizing antibodies in a microplate enzyme immunoassay. | the slow growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture is one of the primary pitfalls in the development of sensitive and rapid methods for the detection and quantification of hav and associated neutralizing antibodies. currently, in vitro assays frequently require 8 days or more to detect and quantify the presence of hav neutralizing antibodies. this study describes a rapid immunoassay that allowed the detection of anti-hav neutralizing antibodies in only 3 days. this microplate-based enzym ... | 2009 | 19608692 |
| virologic and immunologic correlates with the magnitude of antibody responses to the hepatitis a vaccine in hiv-infected children on highly active antiretroviral treatment. | hiv-infected individuals mount poor antibody responses to vaccines. we sought to identify the immunologic and virologic factors associated with a robust response to hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine in children on highly active antiretroviral treatment. | 2009 | 19617848 |
| hepatitis a outbreak epidemiologically linked to a food handler in melbourne, victoria. | hepatitis a is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav). transmission occurs by the faecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an hav-infected person or by ingestion of hav-contaminated food or water. hepatitis a outbreaks are uncommon in australia. in 2008, victoria experienced an outbreak of hepatitis a due to an infected food handler. | 2009 | 19618771 |
| an in-house-anti-hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific immunoglobulin m capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: evaluation and application to an hav outbreak. | an anti-hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific immunoglobulin m capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (anti-hav igm elisa) kit was re-designed for laboratory use and compared with a commercial anti-hav igm detection system using 58 serum samples collected from patients, vaccines, and healthy individuals. because concordance between the two systems was high (r = 0.93, p < 0.05), 19 sets of serum and fecal samples obtained from individuals exposed to an hav outbreak were also examined. serum levels ... | 2009 | 19623670 |
| hepatitis a and e virus infections among children in mongolia. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in children in mongolia, the prevalence of hav and hev infections was studied serologically and molecularly among 520 apparently healthy children 7-12 years of age (mean +/- standard deviation, 8.5 +/- 0.8 years) using serum samples obtained in 2004. total antibody against hav (anti-hav) was detected in 438 children (84.2%), whereas igg antibody against hev (anti-hev igg) was detected in only ... | 2009 | 19635878 |
| a novel method for concentrating hepatitis a virus and caliciviruses from bottled water. | human enteric viruses are detected frequently in various types of environmental water samples, such as irrigation water, wastewater, recreational water, ground or subsurface water and even drinking water, constituting a primary source of gastroenteritis or hepatitis outbreaks. only a few, but still infective number of viral particles are normally present in water samples, therefore an efficient virus concentration procedure is essential prior to molecular detection of the viral nucleic acid. in ... | 2009 | 19646482 |
| [detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus in tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is single-strainded rna virus that causes infectious hepatitis a. detection and quantification of hepatitis a virus in tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay were carried out by conventional rt-pcr and sybr green real-time quantitative rt-pcr using the primers based on the conserved sequence at the vp1-vp2 genes of hav. the nine samples were taken at tianjin coastal seawater of bohai bay locating in the south of tanggu, in summer, autumn and winter of 2007 and spring of 20 ... | 2009 | 19662838 |
| epidemiological and genetic analysis of a sustained community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in the republic of korea, 2008: a hospital-based case-control study. | the epidemiological shift of hepatitis a has contributed to a sustained community-wide outbreak in korea during 2008. | 2009 | 19665426 |
| hepatitis a outbreaks in china during 2006: application of molecular epidemiology. | in china, hepatitis is a huge public health problem. outbreaks of hepatitis a are the most frequent cause of acute hepatitis, and to date, few epidemiologic investigations or molecular surveillance studies have been performed. | 2009 | 19669361 |
| inactivation and elimination of human enteric viruses by pacific oysters. | to investigate the comparative elimination of three different human enterically transmitted viruses [i.e. hepatitis a virus (hav), norovirus (nov) and poliovirus (pv)] and inactivation of hav and pv by pacific oysters. | 2009 | 19674189 |
| development of a high pressure processing inactivation model for hepatitis a virus. | high pressure processing (hpp) inactivation data were obtained for hepatitis a virus (hav) suspended in buffered growth medium containing salt at either 15 or 30 g/liter. pressures between 300 and 500 mpa were applied for treatment times of 60 to 600 s. in medium containing 15 g/liter salt, the hav titer was reduced by approximately 1 and 2 log 50% tissue culture infectious dose units (tcid50) per ml after 600 s of treatment with 300 and 400 mpa, respectively. under the same treatment conditions ... | 2009 | 19681266 |
| a microarray based approach for the identification of common foodborne viruses. | an oligonucleotide array (microarray) incorporating 13,000 elements representing selected strains of hepatitis a virus (hav), human coxsackieviruses a and b (cva and cvb), genogroups i and ii of norovirus (nv), and human rotavirus (rv) gene segments 3,4,10, and 11 was designed based on the principle of tiling. each oligonucleotide was 29 bases long, starting at every 5th base of every sequence, resulting in an overlap of 24 bases in two consecutive oligonucleotides. the applicability of the arra ... | 2009 | 19718237 |
| molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus in the south-east area of gyeonggi-do in korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis in korea. the reported genotypes of acute hepatitis a in korea are the subgenotype ia and ib. the aim of the present study is to investigate hav genotypes in the south-east area of gyeonggi-do in korea. | 2009 | 19718398 |
| comparative study of two extraction methods for enteric virus recovery from sewage sludge by molecular methods. | the aim of this study was to compare two nucleic acid extraction methods for the recovery of enteric viruses from activated sludge. test samples were inoculated with human adenovirus (adv), hepatitis a virus (hav), poliovirus (pv) and rotavirus (rv) and were then processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method. two extraction methods were used: an organic solvent-based method and a silica method. the organic-based method was able to recoup 20% of the adv, 90% of the rv and 100% of both t ... | 2009 | 19722079 |
| full length genomes of genotype iiia hepatitis a virus strains (1995-2008) from india and estimates of the evolutionary rates and ages. | with the changing epidemiology, outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been reported from different parts of india. to characterize hav strains circulating in india (1995-2008), 6 full genome sequences of the predominant genotype, iiia, were determined. further, applying the bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) framework to the full genomes of indian hav strains as well as other global strains (human as well as simian), we derived the mean nucleotide substitution rate and evolutionary tim ... | 2009 | 19723592 |
| nested real-time pcr for hepatitis a detection. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) is one of the most important human foodborne pathogens causing a number of worldwide outbreaks each year. the detection of hav in food samples remains a complex issue, because commonly used detection tools, such as conventional or even real-time pcr assays, are often unable to detect hav with sufficient sensitivity. the aims of this study were to develop highly sensitive and specific nested real-time pcr (nrt-pcr)-based method for hav detection in food and to compare ... | 2009 | 19732327 |
| viral and bacterial contamination in recreational waters: a case study in the lisbon bay area. | to assess the presence of viral pathogens in bathing water samples and to evaluate the interdependency of bacterial indicator counts and viral detection. | 2010 | 19761463 |
| assessment of human enteric viruses in cultured and wild bivalve molluscs. | standard and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the ría de vigo (nw spain) for the main human enteric rna viruses, specifically, norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), astrovirus (asv), rotavirus (rt), enterovirus (ev), and aichi virus (aiv). the results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. nov gii was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, ... | 2009 | 19784920 |
| natural course of fulminant hepatic failure: the scenario in bangladesh and the differences from the west. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is a devastating complication of acute viral hepatitis, leading to death in most cases. the etiology and predictors of outcome differ according to the geographical region. this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the etiology, complications, and outcome of fhf in bangladesh. | 2009 | 19794267 |
| vaccination strategies against hepatitis a in travelers older than 40 years: an economic evaluation. | in recent years, the number of travelers aged >40 years who acquire hepatitis a while traveling has increased. therefore, there is a need to review hepatitis a vaccination protocols in travelers. the aims of the study were to assess immunity levels to hepatitis a virus (hav) in international travelers >40 years and to determine the least costly immunization strategy. | 2009 | 19796106 |
| risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis a. | in the present work, we aimed at determining the relationship between the hepatitis a virus (hav) numbers in imported frozen coquina clams involved in two hepatitis outbreaks, as well as the risk for human health. due to hav unculturability, a standardized taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr controlling the virus/nucleic acid extraction and enzyme efficiencies was employed to figure the exposure dose for clams responsible for hepatitis cases. hav numbers were then employed to figure the r ... | 2009 | 19820160 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus among captive nonhuman primates. | hepatitis a virus (hav) can infect not only humans but also several other nonhuman primates. this study has been conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-hav seroprevalence in captive nonhuman primate populations in thailand. the prevalence of antibodies against hav in 96 captive nonhuman primates of 11 species was evaluated by competitive enzyme immunoassay (eia). hav antibodies were found in 64.7% (11/17) of macaques, 85.7% (6/7) of langurs, 28.4% (10/35) of gibbons, and 94.6% (35/37) of o ... | 2010 | 19821010 |
| clinical features of acute renal failure associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | acute hepatitis a (aha) is one of the most common infectious diseases; it is usually a self-limiting disease affecting the liver. although extrahepatic manifestations are not common, some cases have been reported associated with acute renal failure. we reviewed the clinical features of patients with aha complicated by acute renal failure (arf group) and compared them with patients with noncomplicated aha (non-arf group). the medical records of 208 consecutive patients with aha who were diagnosed ... | 2010 | 19824944 |
| [prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies in chidren in marrakech]. | to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among moroccan children and to examine some of the factors influencing its transmission. | 2009 | 19836677 |
| current issues in the management of paediatric viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis poses important problems for children. in preschoolers, hepatitis a virus (hav) infection frequently causes acute liver failure. vaccinating toddlers against hav in countries with high endemicity is expected to decrease mortality. hav vaccine demonstrates efficacy (comparable to immunoglobulin) as post-exposure prophylaxis. a recently developed vaccine against hepatitis e virus (hev) may benefit fetal health, because pregnant women are most prone to acute liver failure as a resul ... | 2010 | 19840256 |
| community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study of hepatitis a in bangladesh. | to elucidate the age-distribution of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence across different socioeconomic status (ses) categories in bangladesh which, despite scarce data, is generally deemed to have high endemicity. | 2009 | 19842225 |
| development of a fluorescent in situ method for visualization of enteric viruses. | studying the interactions between enteric pathogens and their environment is important to improving our understanding of their persistence and transmission. however, this remains challenging in large part because of difficulties associated with tracking pathogens in their natural environment(s). in this study, we report a fluorescent labeling strategy which was applied to murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, and hepatitis a virus (hav). specifically, streptavidin-labeled quantu ... | 2009 | 19854924 |
| the interaction of hepatitis a virus (hav) with soluble forms of its cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) share the physiological requirements of infectivity in cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, usurps the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) to infect cells. havcr1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular domains: a virus-binding immunoglobulin-like (igv) domain and a mucin-like domain that extends the igv from the cell membrane. soluble forms of havcr1 bind, alter, and neutralize cell culture-adapted hav, which is attenuated for humans. however, the requirements of ... | 2009 | 19860892 |
| serological profile of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in an area of hyper-endemic hepatitis b virus infection. | located in the south western part of saudi arabia, the gizan region is largely a rural community in which hepatitis b and chronic liver disease including hepatocellular carcinoma are highly prevalent. | 2001 | 19861776 |
| reduction in the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus among young saudi adults: implications for hepatitis a vaccine. | viral etiology was investigated in 133 saudi patients with acute hepatitis seen in king khalid university hospital, riyadh. between july 1993-may 1994. out of the 133 patients, 51 (38.3%) were diagnosed as having acute hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus (hav). hepatitis c virus (hcv) was the second most common etiological agent (20.3%). there were 35 patients with acute hepatitis (26.3%) in whom no viral marker for hav, hbv, hcv, cmv or epstein-barr virus (ebv) was detected. among the 51 patient ... | 1995 | 19864857 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) proteinase 3c inhibits hav ires-dependent translation and cleaves the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is still an important issue worldwide. a distinct set of viruses encode proteins that enhance viral cap-independent translation initiation driven by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) and suppress cap-dependent host translation. unlike cytolytic picornaviruses, replication of hav does not cause host cell shut off, and it has been questioned whether hav proteins interfere with its own and/or host translation. hav proteins were coexpressed in huh-7 cells with ... | 2010 | 19889140 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and risk factors among homeless adults in san francisco: should homelessness be included in the risk-based strategy for vaccination? | homeless adults have an increased risk of infectious diseases due to sexual and drug-related behaviors and substandard living conditions. we investigated the prevalence and risk factors for presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among homeless and marginally housed adults. | 2009 | 19894423 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus in spinach during low temperature storage. | spinach leaves are frequently consumed raw and have been involved with past foodborne outbreaks. in this study, we examined the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) on fresh spinach leaves in moisture- and gas-permeable packages that were stored at 5.4 +/- 1.2 degrees c for up to 42 days. different eluents including phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.5 (with and without 2% serum), and 3% beef extract (ph 7.5 and 8) were compared for how efficiently they recovered viruses from spinach by using ... | 2009 | 19903406 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) packaging size limit. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. foreign sequences have been inserted into different parts of the hav genome. however, the packaging size limit of hav has not been determined. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the maximum size of additional sequences that the hav genome can tolerate without loosing infectivity. | 2009 | 19922643 |
| virosomal hepatitis a vaccine: comparing intradermal and subcutaneous with intramuscular administration. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unaffordable to many developing countries. substantial reductions in cost occur when vaccines are administered intradermally at low doses. aluminum-free hav vaccines are considered more suitable for intradermal use than traditional vaccines which can cause long-lasting local reactions. thus, we compared the immunogenicity and safety of an aluminum-free virosomal hav vaccine (epaxal) administered by different routes: intradermal (i.d.), subcutaneous ... | 2009 | 19930383 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a in roma populations living in three prefectures in greece. | an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affected roma populations living in three prefectures of northeastern greece. between july and november 2007, 124 cases were reported. we carried out investigations to characterize the pathogen, to identify the source of infection and the route of transmission. using the rt-pcr technique, hav strains of the same genotype were detected in all sera from a subset of patients with acute disease. these showed more than 99.8% identity, suggesting a comm ... | 2010 | 19941688 |
| [hepatitis a virus detection in shellfish from tunisia by reverse transcription-nested pcr - investigation of a correlation between viral and bacterial contamination.] | objectives: we aimed at evaluating the contamination by hepatitis a virus (hav) of 54 shellfish samples collected from five tunisian shellfish harvesting areas and finding a correlation between bacterial and viral contamination. material and methods: fifty-four shellfish samples were analysed in our study. two methods of viral extraction were evaluated by reverse transcription-nested pcr. the first one was based on elution by glycine solution and the second one used a beef extract solution. bact ... | 2009 | 19944542 |
| hepatitis a virus antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations. | persons with primary immune deficiency receive intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) as antibody replacement therapy. these patients depend on the presence of protective antibody levels against circulating pathogens in ivig. | 2010 | 19962745 |
| viral hepatitis, hiv, human herpes virus and treponema pallidum infection in haemodialysis patients from kosovo, 2005. | the serological status of hepatitis viruses and other infectious diseases in the 66 dialysed patients of one haemodialysis unit in kosovo were studied, comparing the data with a large group of blood donors and out-patients. all dialysed patients were hepatitis a virus (hav) positive. prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b surface antibodies (anti-hbs), and hepatitis b core antibodies (anti-hbc) was 14 of 66, 21% (95% confidence interval (ci): 12-33%), 5 of 66, 8% (95%ci: ... | 2009 | 20003903 |
| identification of recombination between subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus. | co-circulation of subgenotypes ia and ib of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been reported in south africa, south america, europe, and the united states. in this study, phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed for the first time on 31 complete hav genomes from infected humans and simians. three potentially significant intra-genotypic recombination events (i-iii) were identified by recombination detection analysis. recombination events i and ii occurred between the lineages represented, ... | 2010 | 20012679 |
| evaluation of ha negatively charged membranes in the recovery of human adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in different water matrices. | human adenoviruses (hadv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are shed in the faeces and consequently may be present in environmental waters, resulting in an increase in pathogen concentration that can affect water quality and human health. the aim of this study was to evaluate an adsorption-elution method which utilizes negatively charged membrane ha to determine the efficient recovery of hadv and hav from different water matrices and to combine this procedure with a qualitative molecular method (neste ... | 2009 | 20027462 |
| [epidemiology and clinical features of acute hepatitis a: from the domestic perspective]. | acute viral hepatitis a has recently become a major public health problem in korea, and the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis a is growing rapidly. with improvements in socioeconomic conditions and environmental hygiene, the chances of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) during childhood have decreased and, in turn, the proportion of young adults with positive anti-hav has significantly decreased. this has led to the incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis a increasing since the late 1990s. th ... | 2009 | 20037262 |
| [a study on seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china. | 2009 | 20038329 |
| general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis a, b, c, and e in six regions of china: a cross-sectional study in 2007. | viral hepatitis is a serious health burden worldwide. to date, few reports have addressed the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e in china. therefore, the general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis remain unknown. | 2009 | 20041146 |
| [hepatitis a virus seropositivity among healthcare workers at a university hospital in korea]. | healthcare workers (hcw) are known as a risk group of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and vaccination of this group against hav has been suggested. however, the seroprevalence of hav antibody among hcw in korea has not been reported. we investigated the seropositivity of hav antibody in hcw, to obtain a baseline data. | 2009 | 20046087 |
| [an epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a virus serologic markers during the recent four years in korea]. | to establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-hav and the disease prevalence is needed. the aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis a markers in korea. | 2009 | 20046089 |
| [indication of determination of antibodies against hepatitis c and a viruses in the protocol for the care of young immigrants]. | to evaluate systematic determination of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) within the protocols for the care of young immigrants (pcyi). | 2010 | 20053479 |
| genotyping of hepatitis a virus detected in bivalve shellfish in galicia (nw spain). | hepatitis a virus (hav) represents a significant public health problem due to its high persistence in the environment and its transmission through contaminated water and food. bivalve shellfish are filter feeders that can bioaccumulate human pathogens found in contaminated waters, their consumption being a potential cause of hepatitis a outbreaks. in this work, cultured and wild bivalve shellfish from the ría de vigo (galicia, nw spain) were analysed for the presence and genotyping of hav. a tot ... | 2010 | 20057087 |
| is there a link between seropositivity to helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus? a systematic review. | since hepatitis a virus (hav) is acquired primarily through the fecal-oral pathway, several investigators have used hav seropositivity as a proxy for exposure to this pathway. this paper is a critical review of the evidence relevant to the association between seropositivity to hav and helicobacter pylori, and considers the validity of comparisons for testing the hypothesis that h. pylori spreads by the fecal-oral route. | 2010 | 20060352 |
| increasing incidence of hepatitis a in korean adults. | hepatitis a infection is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav), which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. lifelong protective antibodies are present after infection. the number of cases of adult hepatitis a has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in korea. in addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-hav has changed with economic growth. the prevalence of anti-hav in the 10-50-year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. as ... | 2010 | 20068335 |
| [comparison of antibody persistence between live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis a vaccines]. | to study the antibody persistence of live attenuated hepatitits a vaccine, and to compare the antibody between with inactivated vaccine. | 2009 | 20077725 |
| [the immunogenicity and impact factors of hepatitis a attenuated live vaccine and inactivated vaccine]. | hepatitis a is one of the global public health problems, and china has high prevalence. in order to decrease the incidence of hepatitis a, china has integrated hepatitis a vaccine into expanded program on immunization (epi) in 2007. the paper will provide some ideas on the immunogenicity and impact factors of the different types of hepatitis a vaccines that are used in china. | 2009 | 20077742 |
| experimental hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis): evidence of active extrahepatic site of hav replication. | this work studied the replication sites of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) after intravenous inoculation. the cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with the brazilian hepatitis a virus strain (haf-203). monkeys were euthanized on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 postinoculation (pi). liver samples, submandibular salivary gland, mesenteric lymph node and tonsils were removed for virological and pathological evaluation. immunofluorescence analyses on liver and salivary gland ... | 2010 | 20096073 |
| molecular characterization of sewage-borne pathogens and detection of sewage markers in an urban stream in caracas, venezuela. | molecular characterization of two sewage-borne pathogens identified hepatitis a virus (hav) subgenotype ia and giardia duodenalis assemblages a and b as predominant genotypes circulating in an urban area of venezuela. this study reveals epidemiological features of human pathogens of worldwide distribution and the efficacy of molecular methods for accurate assessment of sewage pollution. | 2010 | 20097824 |
| detection of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater effluent. | sewage sludge and treated wastewater when contaminated with enteric virus and discharged into the environment, could pose a human health risk. the aim of study was to verify the presence and viability of enteric viruses in sewage sludge and treated wastewater at a local sewage plant in florianopolis city, brazil. sewage sludge was concentrated by organic flocculation and polyethylene glycol precipitation and wastewater by electronegative membrane filtration and ultrafiltration by centriprep conc ... | 2010 | 20107281 |
| factors for predicting positive results for anti-hav igm retesting among initially seronegative patients. | the standard diagnostic tool for acute hepatitis a is detection of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoglobulin m (igm). however, a negative result for anti-hav igm can be obtained in the early phase of infection. among clinically suspicious seronegative patients, diagnosis of hepatitis a is sometimes recorded on retesting. | 2010 | 20108041 |
| [phylogenetic analysis indicates human origin of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus strains found in the drinking water of western colombia]. | quibdó, the capital of chocó province, is one of the poorest cities in colombia. enteric viruses such as rotavirus and hepatitis a virus was found to occur commonly in city drinking water and indicated poor water quality and high risk of becoming infected. the source of these viruses was unknown, but humans and cattle were suspect sources. | 2009 | 20128346 |
| predictors of hav/hbv vaccination completion among methadone maintenance clients. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion among clients undergoing methadone maintenance (mm) treatment. participants were recruited from five mm treatment sites in southern california and randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group); and nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). a ... | 2010 | 20143328 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus and norovirus in marine recreational waters of mexico. | an investigation was conducted to determine hepatitis a virus (hav) and norovirus (nv) presence in marine recreational waters (mrws) from two mexican tourists beaches (altata and mazatlan), located at the northwestern state of sinaloa, mexico. also, binary logistic regression (blr) analyses were conducted between physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity and salinity) and viral organisms (hav and nv). a total of 32 mrws samples were collected from april to july of 2006. samples were pro ... | 2010 | 20154390 |
| duplex real-time qrt-pcr for the detection of hepatitis a virus in water and raspberries using the ms2 bacteriophage as a process control. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading worldwide cause of acute viral hepatitis. an important aspect of viral control is rapid diagnosis. epidemiological studies have linked hepatitis a outbreaks to the consumption of drinking water or soft fruits exposed to faecal contamination. real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) is now widely used for detecting rna viruses in food samples. efficiency of viral concentration, nucleic acid extraction and the presence of potential inhibitors o ... | 2010 | 20188760 |
| bacterial and viral pathogens in live oysters: 2007 united states market survey. | two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five u.s. food and drug administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (mpn) for total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic v. cholerae, salmonella spp., norovirus (nov), and hepatitis a virus (hav). levels of indica ... | 2010 | 20190085 |
| [retrospective clinical epidemiology research on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a, 20-70 aged, from the suceava county, between 2001-2008]. | authors present some results of clinical epidemiological research carried out on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a (vha), hospitalized in suceava county, during 8 years. material and method: an annual evolution of vha incidence correlated with the epidemiological territorial situation was highlighted. results: incidence of vha in 20-40 age group represented 70.8%, and 33.5% in 20-25 age group. diagnosis index was unfavourable with influence for interval of hospitalization over 21 d ... | 2009 | 20191903 |
| [evaluation of the virus-elimination efficacy of nanofiltration (viresolve nfp) for the parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus]. | the safety of plasma derivatives has been reinforced since 1980s by variable pathogen inactivation or elimination techniques. nucleic acid amplification test (nat) for the source plasma has also been implemented worldwide. recently nanofiltration has been used in some country for ensuring safety of plasma derivatives to eliminate non-enveloped viruses such as parvovirus b19 (b19v) and hepatitis a virus (hav). we evaluated the efficacy of nanofiltration for the elimination of b19v and hav. | 2010 | 20197722 |
| laboratory characteristics of recent hepatitis a in korea: ongoing epidemiological shift. | to evaluate seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody and investigate demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of recent cases in korea. | 2010 | 20205283 |
| concurrent reactivation of latent ebv with hepatitis a can affect clinical feature of childhood hepatitis. | some children with acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection have concurrent epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation serologically. we studied the frequency of ebv reactivation during hav infection and determined whether simultaneous occurrence of ebv reactivation and hav infection affected the clinical features of hav infection. | 2010 | 20219034 |
| fine-tuning translation kinetics selection as the driving force of codon usage bias in the hepatitis a virus capsid. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the prototype of genus hepatovirus, has several unique biological characteristics that distinguish it from other members of the picornaviridae family. among these, the need for an intact eif4g factor for the initiation of translation results in an inability to shut down host protein synthesis by a mechanism similar to that of other picornaviruses. consequently, hav must inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery and this may explain its poor growth in ... | 2010 | 20221432 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus causing an outbreak among thai navy recruits. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a communicable disease, typically transmitted by faecal-oral contamination. hav outbreaks usually occur in endemic areas. we report an outbreak of hav from june to july, 2008 among thai navy recruits who had received training at the sattahip navy base, chonburi province, thailand. upon conclusion of the training, the recruits were deployed to serve at several navy bases across the country. secondary cases of hav infection were reported among military personne ... | 2009 | 20237451 |
| [acute myelitis related to hepatitis a after travel to senegal]. | neurological complications are rare following hepatitis a. acute myelitis is even more uncommon. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of acute myelitis related to hepatitis a virus (hav) in a 43-year-old-woman returning from senegal. diagnosis of myelitis was confirmed by spinal mri and detection of anti-hav ig m antibodies in serum. the patient made a spontaneous clinical recovery in one month. spinal mri findings were normal at three months. hepatitis a should be considered in the ... | 2010 | 20337107 |
| [seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old]. | hepatitis a is an acute infectious disease transmitted by fecal-oral route. as the incidence of hepatitis a has been increased in gwangju and chonnam province of korea recently, the number of hepatitis a patients in hospital employees has also increased. thus, we investigated the seroprevalence of igg anti-hav in hospital employees below 40 years old. | 2010 | 20357529 |
| [a case of pleural effusion associated with acute hepatitis a]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is common in developing countries, including korea. it can be accompanied by extrahepatic complications such as renal failure, arthritis, and vasculitis. pleural effusion is a very rare complication of hav infection, which has been reported usually in children, and has benign clinical courses. here we report a case of pleural effusion with ascites which occurred in an adult hepatitis a patient. a 26-year-old-woman presented generalized myalgia and fever and was ... | 2010 | 20357532 |
| predictors of hepatitis knowledge improvement among methadone maintained clients enrolled in a hepatitis intervention program. | this randomized, controlled study (n = 256) was conducted to compare three interventions designed to promote hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination completion, among clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) in los angeles and santa monica. the participants were randomized into three groups: motivational interviewing-single session (mi-single), motivational interviewing-group (mi-group), or nurse-led hepatitis health promotion (hhp). all three treatment gr ... | 2010 | 20358265 |
| [complete genomic sequence of rapidly replicating strain mb-7 of hepatitis a virus and its characterization in comparison with nucleotide sequences of other hepatitis a virus strains]. | complete nucleotide sequence of genomic rna of hepatitis a virus (hav) rapidly replicating strain mb-7 was determined. comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino-acid sequences demonstrated the highest level of identity of mb-7 with strain has-15 (above 99%) and high homology with other hav strains (hm 175/7, cr326, and gbm/hfs) used in production of anti-hepatitis a vaccines. mb-7 was classified as subgenotype ia. phylogenetic analysis showed that mb-7 is most closely related to the strain has- ... | 2010 | 20361667 |
| [clinical features of patients with fulminant hepatitis a requiring emergency liver transplantation: comparison with acute liver failure due to other causes]. | according to recent prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, acute liver failure (alf) due to hav infection is observed frequently in parallel. the aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic features of patients who have undergone emergency liver transplantation (lt) due to fulminant hav infection. | 2010 | 20375639 |
| the infective causes of hepatitis and jaundice amongst hospitalised patients in vientiane, laos. | there is little information on the diverse infectious causes of jaundice and hepatitis in the asiatic tropics. serology (hepatitis a, b, c and e, leptospirosis, dengue, rickettsia), antigen tests (dengue), pcr assays (hepatitis a, c and e) and blood cultures (septicaemia) were performed on samples from 392 patients admitted with jaundice or raised transaminases (> or =x3) to mahosot hospital, vientiane, laos over 3 years. conservative definitions suggested diagnoses of dengue (8.4%), rickettsios ... | 2010 | 20378138 |
| [genetic analysis of hav strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in hebei shijiazhuang of china]. | to characterize the hepatitis a virus (hav) wild type strains circulating in hebei shijiazhuang of china during 2005-2007, to provide the bases for further investigation of the sources of hav infection. | 2009 | 20387485 |
| [genotyping of hepatitis a virus prevalent strains in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006]. | to analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis a virus circulated in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006. | 2009 | 20387486 |
| are pei-coated swcnts conjugated with hepatitis a virus? a chemical study with sem, z-potential, edxd and rt-pcr. | the conjugation between nanotubes, coated with different doses of polyethylene imine (pei) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, z-potential, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction (edxd) and reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). for the first time, to our knowledge, evidence is obtained that conjugation between the nanotubes and the hav occurs and that it ... | 2010 | 20404402 |
| 99th dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and chronic inflammatory disorders: microbes, apoptosis and tim-1 in the development of asthma. | asthma is a complex disorder which has increased dramatically in prevalence over the past three decades. current therapies, based on the t helper type 2 (th2) paradigm, have not been able to control this disease. epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between infection with the hepatitis a virus (hav) and protection against the development of asthma, and genetic studies have shown that the hav receptor, tim-1 (t cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain), is an important ato ... | 2010 | 20415862 |
| longer duration of viremia and unique amino acid substitutions in a hepatitis a virus strain [corrected] associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). | the molecular characteristics of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been studied widely though there is a paucity of data on the correlation with virological and serological findings. in the present study, the whole genome of an indian hav strain associated with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) was characterized vis-à-vis two other indian hav genotype iiia strains, associated with a self-limiting disease. the percentage nucleotide divergence displayed by the indian strains (cp-ind, pn-ind, and gbs-ind) v ... | 2010 | 20419803 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in finland in 1990-2007. | the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) for the period 1990-2007 and the molecular epidemiology for the period 1994-2007 in finland were studied. the incidence of hepatitis a has been very low since 1990, at 0.3-3.6/100,000 inhabitants, excluding two outbreaks in 1994-1995 and 2002-2003, both of which were connected to intravenous drug use. serum samples (3,217) collected in the period 1997-1998 were tested for hepatitis a antibodies to assess the percentage of seropositive finns. more t ... | 2010 | 20419806 |
| fulminant hepatitis failure in adults and children from a public hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is characterized by massive hepatocellular injury, whose physiopathology is still unclear. hepatitis b (hbv) is probably the most common viral cause of fhf, while hepatitis a (hav) virus seem occurs less frequently. however, the host and viral factors that determine the outcome of these infections are poorly understood. in the present study, viral load and genotyping determining regions of hav and hbv genomes were sequenced. eight fhf patients and one patient with ... | 2009 | 20428629 |
| survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus in different types of manure and biosolids. | noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are common causes of foodborne disease. they are usually shed in feces and have been found in sewage water, biosolids, and animal manures. with the wide application of manure and biosolids on agricultural lands, there is an increasing interest in investigating virus survival in manure and biosolids. in this study, murine norovirus-1 (mnv) and hav were inoculated into different types of animal manure and three types of differently treated biosolids at 20 de ... | 2010 | 20455755 |
| hepatitis a. an uncommon associated pathology. | | 2010 | 20456853 |
| co-occurrence of allergic sensitization and type 1 diabetes. | the mechanisms leading to abnormal immune regulation in type 1 diabetes and allergic diseases may be partly overlapping. if so, these diseases should co-occur more often than expected. we investigated this phenomenon in two contrasting socio-economic environments, finland and russian karelia. | 2010 | 20465355 |
| coinfection with hepatitis c virus, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in hiv-positive drug users in miami. | the pathogenesis of hiv/hepatitis c virus (hcv) coinfection is poorly understood. we examined markers of oxidative stress, plasma antioxidants and liver disease in hiv/hcv-coinfected and hiv-monoinfected adults. | 2011 | 20500231 |