| efficacy of a nonadjuvanted recombinant felv vaccine and two inactivated felv vaccines when subject to consistent virulent felv challenge conditions. | the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of three felv vaccines, under identical conditions in a laboratory challenge model that closely mimics natural infection. four groups of cats (n = 20 per group) were administered two doses of vaccine, 21 days apart, starting at 9-10 weeks of age (purevax(®) felv, versifel(®) felv, nobivac(®) feline 2-felv, and a placebo). cats were challenged 3 weeks later with a virulent, heterologous felv isolate. felv antigenemia was determined at weekly i ... | 2017 | 28734742 |
| analytical validation of a reference laboratory elisa for the detection of feline leukemia virus p27 antigen. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is an oncogenic retrovirus of cats. immunoassays for the p27 core protein of felv aid in the detection of felv infections. commercial microtiter-plate elisas have rapid protocols and visual result interpretation, limiting their usefulness in high-throughput situations. the purpose of our study was to validate the petchek felv 15 elisa, which is designed for the reference laboratory, and incorporates sequential, orthogonal screening and confirmatory protocols. a cutof ... | 2017 | 28548572 |
| evaluation of rapid diagnostic test kits for feline leukemia virus infection using samples from naturally infected cats. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a potentially life-threatening oncogenic retrovirus. the p27 viral core protein is produced by the virus in infected feline cells, is found in the cytoplasm in several blood cells and can be free in the serum and plasma. elisa or particle-based immunoassay are commonly used to detect the presence of the p27 core protein in samples obtained from blood. the objective of this study was to compare the performance of several in-clinic tests: the snap feline triple test ... | 2017 | 28491433 |
| putative progressive and abortive feline leukemia virus infection outcomes in captive jaguarundis (puma yagouaroundi). | feline leukemia virus (felv) is an exogenous gammaretrovirus of domestic cats (felis catus) and some wild felids. the outcomes of felv infection in domestic cats vary according to host susceptibility, virus strain, and infectious challenge dose. jaguarundis (puma yagouaroundi) are small wild felids from south and central america. we previously reported on felv infections in jaguarundis. we hypothesized here that the outcomes of felv infection in p. yagouaroundi mimic those observed in domestic c ... | 2017 | 29149857 |
| felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 dnaemia in whole blood from therapeutically immunosuppressed or retrovirus-infected cats. | gammaherpesviruses are major co-pathogens of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, making the interactions between feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) andfelis catusgammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1) pertinent to both human and veterinary medical research. fiv-infected cats are at increased risk of fcaghv1 dnaemia and consistently harbor higher fcaghv1 loads than fiv-uninfected cats. whether immune deficiencies unrelated to fiv are associated with similar risks is unknown. using whole blood fc ... | 2017 | 29056675 |
| cerebellar cortical degeneration associated with feline leukemia virus infection and cerebellar lymphoma in a young cat. | cerebellar cortical degeneration (ccd) is the premature death of cerebellar neurons of heterogeneous etiology that is uncommonly observed as a neurological complication of certain neoplasia. | 2019 | 31998618 |
| lack of bcl-2 expression in feline follicular lymphomas. | bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is commonly overexpressed in follicular lymphomas in humans. this is usually the result of a chromosomal translocation that transposes the bcl-2 gene into the immunoglobulin gene locus. the immunohistochemical assessment of this overexpression can be used as a tool for the differentiation of follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. in cats, little information about the expression of bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma exists. we investigated 18 follicular lympho ... | 2019 | 31585524 |
| tracking the fate of endogenous retrovirus segregation in wild and domestic cats. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) of domestic cats (erv-dcs) are one of the youngest feline erv groups in domestic cats (felis silvestris catus); some members are replication competent (erv-dc10, erv-dc18, and erv-dc14), produce the antiretroviral soluble factor refrex-1 (erv-dc7 and erv-dc16), or can generate recombinant feline leukemia virus (felv). here, we investigated erv-dc in european wildcats (felis silvestris silvestris) and detected four loci: erv-dc6, erv-dc7, erv-dc14, and erv-dc16. erv ... | 2019 | 31534037 |
| lynx eats cat: disease risk assessment during an iberian lynx intraguild predation. | lethal interactions between members of the carnivore guild are well represented in literature. in the iberian lynx, interspecific killing (without prey consumption) of some mesocarnivores, such as the egyptian mongoose, genet, and red fox, has been reported. although vaguely documented, evidence suggests feral cats fall victim to interactions with this apex predator. here, we describe the first documented case of interspecific killing and partial consumption of a feral cat by an adult male iberi ... | 2019 | 32214947 |
| prevalence of seropositivity to pathogens in small carnivores in adjacent areas of lazovskii reserve. | the prevalence of infectious diseases in wild and feral carnivores is poorly known in primorsky krai, where rare species such as the amur tiger and the far east leopard roam. in this study we evaluated the prevalence of seropositivity in feral (cats, dogs) and wild (raccoon dog, badger, american mink, far eastern wild cat) carnivores to various pathogens: distemper virus, parvovirus, feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, toxoplasma gondii, mycoplasma sp., and chl ... | 2012 | 32214774 |
| tracking the continuous evolutionary processes of an endogenous retrovirus of the domestic cat: erv-dc. | an endogenous retrovirus (erv) is a remnant of an ancient retroviral infection in the host genome. although most ervs have lost their viral productivity, a few ervs retain their replication capacity. in addition, partially inactivated ervs can present a potential risk to the host via their encoded virulence factors or the generation of novel viruses by viral recombination. ervs can also eventually acquire a biological function, and this ability has been a driving force of host evolution. therefo ... | 2018 | 29642384 |
| a serological survey of common feline pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) in central spain. | twenty-five serum samples of 22 free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) captured from 1991 to 1993 in central spain were tested for evidence of exposure to seven feline pathogens. all the wildcats but one (95.4%) presented evidence of contact with at least one of the agents (mean = 2.2). contact with feline leukemia virus (felv) was detected in 81% of the wildcats (antibodies, 77%; antigen p27, 15%). antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv, 80%), feline herpesvirus (fhv, 20%), feline parv ... | 2009 | 32214938 |
| molecular detection of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in domestic cats (felis catus) in romania. | the hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) of the genus mycoplasma are recognized as important bacteria that parasitize red blood cells, causing hemolytic anemia in many mammalian species, including cats. no information is available concerning the presence of feline hemoplasma infections in cats in romania. thus, the objective of the present study was to provide data on the occurrence and molecular characterization of hemotropic mycoplasmas in client-owned cats in romania. | 2020 | 33092590 |
| presence of endogenous viral elements negatively correlates with feline leukemia virus susceptibility in puma and domestic cat cells. | while feline leukemia virus (felv) has been shown to infect felid species other than the endemic domestic cat host, differences in felv susceptibility among species has not been evaluated. previous reports have noted a negative correlation between endogenous felv (enfelv) copy number and exogenous felv (exfelv) infection outcomes in domestic cats. since felids outside the genus felis do not harbor enfelv genomes, we hypothesized absence of enfelv results in more severe disease consequences in fe ... | 2020 | 32817213 |
| what's new in feline leukemia virus infection. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a retrovirus with global impact on the health of domestic cats that causes tumors (mainly lymphoma), bone marrow disorders, and immunosuppression. the importance of felv is underestimated due to complacency associated with previous decline in prevalence. however, with this comes lowered vigilance, which, along with potential for regressively infected cats to reactivate viremia and shed the virus or develop clinical signs, can pose a risk to feline health. this art ... | 2020 | 32680664 |
| acute monoblastic leukemia in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat. | a 12-year-old female domestic short-haired cat was presented due to weight loss, anorexia, and tachypnea. complete blood count revealed severe anemia, leukocytosis with massive undifferentiated blast cells, and thrombocytopenia. bone marrow aspiration showed acute myeloid leukemia, subclassified as monoblastic leukemia (m5a) based on the outcomes of the cytochemistry examinations. the snap feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) test using whole blood was negative. i ... | 2020 | 32448817 |
| serological and molecular investigation of leishmania spp. infection in cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in northeast brazil. | the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in rio grande do norte state, brazil. ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. an epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. igg anti-leishmania spp. antibodies we ... | 2020 | 31691733 |
| a novel test for determination of wild felid-domestic cat hybridization. | in october 2018, colorado parks and wildlife seized an animal believed to be an illegally possessed bobcat. the owner claimed the animal was a bobcat/domestic cat hybrid, exempted from license requirements. burden of proof lay with cpw to determine the lineage of the animal. commercial microsatellite arrays and dna barcoding have not been developed for identification of bobcat/domestic cat hybrids, and limited time and resources prevented development of such tests for this application. instead, ... | 2020 | 31683165 |
| molecular and serological survey of carnivore pathogens in free-roaming domestic cats of rural communities in southern chile. | owned, free-roaming domestic cats are abundant in the chilean countryside, having high probability of contact with wildlife and potentially participating as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. in the present study, 131 cats from two remote study areas (valdivia and chiloe island) in southern chile were analyzed for infection/exposure to eight pathogens. serum samples from 112 cats were tested for antigens against feline leukemia virus (felv antigen-elisa) and antibodies against feline immunodefici ... | 2019 | 31611482 |
| first report on the prevalence and genetic relatedness of feline foamy virus (ffv) from turkish domestic cats. | feline foamy virus (ffv) is an important retroviral agent affecting domestic cats in turkey that has been studied less intensively than feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv). accordingly, we aimed to investigate the presence and prevalence of ffv among domestic cats by molecular techniques. pcr was used to amplify the gag-pol gene overlap in order to detect the presence of ffv. the gene encoding bet, an important accessory gene, was also characterized. molecular ch ... | 2019 | 31562905 |
| prevalence, geographic distribution, risk factors and co-infections of feline gammaherpesvirus infections in domestic cats in switzerland. | recently, a gammaherpesvirus was described in domestic cats (fcaghv1). the goal of the present study was to investigate the presence of fcaghv1 in swiss domestic cats and analyze potential risk factors. blood samples from 881 cats presented to veterinarians in all swiss cantons and from 91 stray cats and neoplastic tissue samples from 17 cats with lymphoma were evaluated. fcaghv1 was detected by real-time pcr targeting the glycoprotein b gene, followed by sequencing. blood samples were also test ... | 2019 | 31390829 |
| comparative meta-analysis of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence correlated with gdp per capita around the globe. | feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are two prevalent transmittable diseases for domestic cats. this paper reports the frequency of these two diseases compared globally across gross domestic product (gdp) at purchasing power parity per capita (ppp). information around felv and fiv rates of infection in specific locations around the world was analyzed from 47 published articles. results show that based on the data available, the statistical model indicates that th ... | 2019 | 31176263 |
| multiple introductions of domestic cat feline leukemia virus in endangered florida panthers. | the endangered florida panther (puma concolor coryi) had an outbreak of infection with feline leukemia virus (felv) in the early 2000s that resulted in the deaths of 3 animals. a vaccination campaign was instituted during 2003-2007 and no additional cases were recorded until 2010. during 2010-2016, six additional felv cases were documented. we characterized felv genomes isolated from florida panthers from both outbreaks and compared them with full-length genomes of felvs isolated from contempora ... | 2019 | 30561312 |
| serological survey of feline viral pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis s. silvestris) from luxembourg. | european populations of free-living wildcats have been shown to be exposed to cat viruses. luxembourg has a high degree of habitat fragmentation, and hybridisation rates between domestic cats and wildcats are high. we therefore assessed the seroprevalence of six viruses in 34 serum samples collected between 2001 and 2016 from wildcats in luxembourg. the values for feline leukemia virus (felv; 52.9%) and feline coronavirus (fcov; 47.1%) were amongst the highest reported for wildcats. we found evi ... | 2018 | 30062638 |
| identification of felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 in tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) on tsushima island, japan. | felis catus gammaherpesvirus 1 (fcaghv1) is a widely endemic infection of domestic cats. current epidemiological data identify domestic cats as the sole natural host for fcaghv1. the tsushima leopard cat (tlc; prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) is a critically endangered species that lives only on tsushima island, nagasaki, japan. nested pcr was used to test the blood or spleen of 89 tlcs for fcaghv1 dna; three (3.37%; 95% ci, 0.70⁻9.54) were positive. for tlc management purposes, we also scre ... | 2018 | 30029545 |
| feline leukemia virus (felv) disease outcomes in a domestic cat breeding colony: relationship to endogenous felv and other chronic viral infections. | exogenous feline leukemia virus (felv) is a feline gammaretrovirus that results in a variety of disease outcomes. endogenous felv (enfelv) is a replication-defective provirus found in species belonging to the felis genus, which includes the domestic cat (felis catus). there have been few studies examining interaction between enfelv genotype and felv progression. we examined point-in-time enfelv and felv viral loads, as well as occurrence of felv/enfelv recombinants (felv-b), to determine factors ... | 2018 | 29976676 |
| body composition of lean outdoor intact cats vs lean indoor neutered cats using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. | the objectives for this study were to compare the body composition of adult indoor neutered domestic cats with outdoor intact cats with an ideal body condition score using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and to report the body composition findings of free-roaming cats, as this has not been previously reported. most domestic house cats differ from free-roaming cats as they are confined indoors and neutered. indoor neutered cats have reduced activity and hormonal alterations that may result in l ... | 2019 | 29911463 |
| pentatrichomonas hominis infection in two domestic cats with chronic diarrhea. | chronic diarrhea is a common and recurring problem in feline medicine. intestinal trichomonads have been reported as causative agents of diarrhea in cats. while pentatrichomonas hominis is considered commensal, tritrichomonas foetus has been found to cause feline large bowel diarrhea in cats. in our report, two young cats infected with the feline leukemia virus (felv) and presenting with chronic diarrhea were identified as having trichomonads in their feces, based on direct examination and fecal ... | 2020 | 29872537 |
| serosurvey of mountain lions in southern arizona. | an understanding of the prevalence of diseases in free-ranging populations of felids is limited, and there is even less known about the overall health and diseases of wild felids that inhabit or utilize urban areas. we collected serum samples from 9 radiocollared mountain lions (puma concolor) in the mountains surrounding tucson, arizona, usa, from august 2005 to august 2008. we tested serum samples for evidence of exposure to 10 feline viruses: feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus, feli ... | 2012 | 32327861 |
| viral prevalence in wild serval population is driven by season and sex. | one of the key factors influencing the population dynamics of threatened species such as felids is disease, but long-term studies of the factors influencing seroprevalence of wild felids are extremely rare, hindering conservation efforts. we set out to determine seroprevalence of six viral diseases (feline panleukopenia virus, feline leukemia virus, feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpes virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) among a population of serval (leptailurus serval) wi ... | 2021 | 34059963 |
| disease surveillance during the reintroduction of the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) in southwestern spain. | the restoration of iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) populations in extremadura (southwestern spain) have been carried out since 2014. one of the measures to ensure the success of this program is to examine the effects that diseases may have on reintroduction. since diseases may be greatly located at certain sites because of the specific ecological requirements of the pathogens and/or vectors, reintroduced individuals may present a risk of infection once released. to determine which pathogens the rei ... | 2021 | 33669869 |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) in nepal. | serum samples of 11 bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) from chitwan national park in nepal, collected between 2011-17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. this initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of nepal's free-ranging tiger population to these diseases. tiger serum samples collected opportunistically during encounters such as translocation, human conflict, and injur ... | 2021 | 33822151 |
| molecular survey of selected viral pathogens in wild leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis) in taiwan with an emphasis on the spatial and temporal dynamics of carnivore protoparvovirus 1. | the leopard cat (prionailurus bengalensis) was listed as an endangered species under the wildlife conservation act in taiwan in 2009. however, no study has evaluated the possible direct or indirect effects of pathogens on the taiwanese leopard cat population. here, we targeted viral pathogens, including carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (genus protoparvovirus), feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), coronaviruses (covs), and canine distemper virus (cdv), through molecular s ... | 2021 | 33389172 |
| endogenous retroviruses drive resistance and promotion of exogenous retroviral homologs. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) serve as markers of ancient viral infections and provide invaluable insight into host and viral evolution. ervs have been exapted to assist in performing basic biological functions, including placentation, immune modulation, and oncogenesis. a subset of ervs share high nucleotide similarity to circulating horizontally transmitted exogenous retrovirus (xrv) progenitors. in these cases, erv-xrv interactions have been documented and include (a) recombination to result ... | 2020 | 33290087 |
| feline leukemia virus (felv) endogenous and exogenous recombination events result in multiple felv-b subtypes during natural infection. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is associated with a range of clinical signs in felid species. differences in disease processes are closely related to genetic variation in the envelope (env) region of the genome of six defined subgroups. the primary hosts of felv are domestic cats of the felis genus that also harbor endogenous felv (enfelv) elements stably integrated in their genomes. enfelv elements display 86% nucleotide identity to exogenous, horizontally transmitted felv (felv-a). variation bet ... | 2021 | 34232703 |
| cross-species transmission of retroviruses among domestic and wild felids in human-occupied landscapes in chile. | human transformation of natural habitats facilitates pathogen transmission between domestic and wild species. the guigna (leopardus guigna), a small felid found in chile, has experienced habitat loss and an increased probability of contact with domestic cats. here, we describe the interspecific transmission of feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) between domestic cats and guignas and assess its correlation with human landscape perturbation. blood and tissue sample ... | 2021 | 33897821 |
| prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasmas and coinfection with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in cats in the moscow region, russia. | feline haemoplasma infection studies are lacking in russia. this retrospective study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of feline haemoplasmas in domestic cats in the moscow region, russia. a risk of haemoplasma coinfection with feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was also determined. qpcr analysis for feline haemoplasmas was performed on edta blood samples from 753 cats from the moscow region, russia. subsets of these samples were tested also for fiv and f ... | 2021 | 33838591 |
| prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on st. kitts, west indies. | toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. the definitive hosts of t. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. it has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to t. gondii than those of fiv-negative cats. the main purpo ... | 2021 | 33494205 |
| comparison of subclinical dermatophyte infection in short- and long-haired cats. | long-haired cats may have an increased risk of dermatophytosis due to insufficient grooming and their thick hair coat trapping fungal spores. the prevalence of subclinical dermatophytosis in long-haired cats was evaluated using fungal culture and wood's lamp test. hematology and blood chemistry results were compared between cats negative and positive for dermatophytosis. | 2020 | 33488001 |
| diet, parasites, and other pathogens of sunda leopard cats (prionailurus javanensis desmarest 1816) in aborlan, palawan island, philippines. | this study is the first investigation of parasites and other pathogens present in sunda leopard cats (prionailurus javanensis) in aborlan, palawan, philippines. with the nature of wild carnivore sampling, four (4) wild sunda leopard cats were captured in aborlan, palawan, philippines for a period of nine (9) months. of these, three (3) were considered for blood and fecal examination due to the poor condition of one animal. rapid diagnostic kits were used to detect the presence of selected pathog ... | 2021 | 34475642 |
| sepsis in cougar (puma concolor) associated with chromobacterium violaceum. | the genus chromobacterium is widely distributed in the environment and is composed of gram-negative, aerobic, or facultative anaerobic bacilli that occur in violet-colored colonies. these bacteria rarely cause infections, but when it occurs, it spreads quickly and has a high mortality. because diseases are infrequent, the diagnosis is often delayed, and it takes time for suitable treatment to be initiated, leading to increased mortality due to the rapid progression of the disease. after the deat ... | 2021 | 33829376 |