| comparing the epidemiological and economic effects of control strategies against classical swine fever in denmark. | in 2006, total danish pork exports were valued at 3.8 billion euros, corresponding to approximately 5% of the total danish exports, and an outbreak of a notifiable disease would have dramatic consequences for the agricultural sector in denmark. several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) have occurred in europe within the last decade, and different control strategies have been suggested. the objective of this study was to simulate the epidemiological and economic consequences of such contro ... | 2009 | 19439381 |
| two real-time rt-pcr assays of classical swine fever virus, developed for the genetic differentiation of naturally infected from vaccinated wild boars. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a disease notifiable to the office international des epizooties (oie). a live marker vaccine would be the ultimate choice for controlling csf, which enables serological and genetic differentiation of vaccine from wild type csfv. recently, a marker vaccine cp7_e2alf has been reported [koenig, p., lange, e., reimann, i., beer, m., 2007. cp7_e2alf: a safe and efficient marker vaccine strain for oral immunisati ... | 2009 | 19442858 |
| meat juice as diagnostic sample for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. | the objective of this paper was to assess if meat juice is a suitable substrate for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf). fifty-six domestic pigs and 21 wild boars experimentally vaccinated and/or infected as well as 129 field samples from wild boars were involved in this study. meat juice from diaphragm, forequarter and hindquarter was used for investigations. csfv and viral rna were detected in meat juice between days 5 and 21 post infection (pi). animals which ... | 2009 | 19462640 |
| african swine fever virus ap endonuclease is a redox-sensitive enzyme that repairs alkylating and oxidative damage to dna. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes an ap endonuclease (pe296r) which is essential for virus growth in swine macrophages. we show here that the dna repair functions of pe296r (ap endonucleolytic, 3'-->5' exonuclease, 3'-diesterase and nucleotide incision repair (nir) activities) and dna binding are inhibited by reducing agents. protein pe296r contains one intramolecular disulfide bond, whose disruption by reducing agents might perturb the interaction of the viral ap endonuclease with the dn ... | 2009 | 19464038 |
| 5-amino-2-pyridyl 1-thioglycosides in synthesis of analogs of glycosyltransferases substrates. | we present the synthesis of 1-thioglycosyl derivatives of uridine, which were designed to act as potential donor substrates for glycosyltransferases. we constructed such analogs using 5-amino-2-pyridyl 1-thioglycosides as glycosyl units which were connected to uridine via succinic linker. for preparation of the amide bonds we applied different condensation procedures. | 2009 | 19464725 |
| characterization of african swine fever virus iap homologue expression in porcine macrophages infected with different virulence isolates. | genes modulating apoptosis are encoded by many viruses and have an important role in viral evasion mechanisms. our objective was to characterize the expression of the iap homologue gene of african swine fever virus (asfv), 4-cl, during in vitro infection of porcine macrophages, the preferential target cell for viral replication. expression was compared along parallel infections by two naturally occurring asfv isolates of different virulence: highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60) and low virulent non-he ... | 2009 | 19477086 |
| first report of bvdv circulation in sheep in argentina. | pestiviruses are capable of infecting a wide range of animals within the order artyodactila. currently, the genus pestivirus includes bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). bvdv-1, bvdv-2 and bdv are able to cross species barrier to infect a wide range of hosts, whereas csfv is restricted to domestic pigs and wild boars. in argentina, 70% of cattle are seropositive to bvdv. although there were some serological st ... | 2009 | 19501923 |
| zinc binding in pestivirus n(pro) is required for interferon regulatory factor 3 interaction and degradation. | pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus (csfv), use the viral protein n(pro) to subvert host cell antiviral responses. n(pro) is the first protein encoded by the single large open reading frame of the pestivirus positive-sense rna genome and has an autoproteolytic activity, cleaving itself off from the polyprotein. n(pro) also targets interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), a transcription factor for alpha/beta interferon genes, and promotes its proteasom ... | 2009 | 19540847 |
| virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates from europe and other areas during 1996 until 2007. | classical swine fever (csf) has caused several outbreaks in eu member states with grave economic consequences. several times the diagnosis of csf was made too late partially due to non-specific clinical signs which did not raise suspicion for csf. virulence of csf virus isolates (csfv) still remains a subject of discussion and speculation as sufficient knowledge is still not available. six uncharacterised csfv isolates from 1996 to 2007 were assessed in animal experiments for their clinical viru ... | 2009 | 19576704 |
| dimer interface migration in a viral sulfhydryl oxidase. | large double-stranded dna viruses, including poxviruses and mimiviruses, encode enzymes to catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds in viral proteins produced in the cell cytosol, an atypical location for oxidative protein folding. these viral disulfide catalysts belong to a family of sulfhydryl oxidases that are dimers of a small five-helix fold containing a cys-x-x-cys motif juxtaposed to a flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor. we report that the sulfhydryl oxidase pb119l from african swine f ... | 2009 | 19576902 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the rapid and differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and other pestivirus infections. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease causing severe economic losses in pig production almost worldwide. all pestivirus species can infect pigs, therefore accurate and rapid pestivirus detection and differentiation is of great importance to assure control measures in swine farming. here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel multiplex, highly sensitive and specific rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation between csfv and other pestiviru ... | 2009 | 19577384 |
| assessing the impact of climate change on vector-borne viruses in the eu through the elicitation of expert opinion. | expert opinion was elicited to undertake a qualitative risk assessment to estimate the current and future risks to the european union (eu) from five vector-borne viruses listed by the world organization for animal health. it was predicted that climate change will increase the risk of incursions of african horse sickness virus (ahsv), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) into the eu from other parts of the world, with african swine fever virus (asfv) a ... | 2010 | 19580695 |
| generation and efficacy evaluation of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. the e2 glycoprotein of csfv is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. this study was aimed to develop a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing the csfv e2 gene (radv-e2) and evaluate its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. the results showed that the rabbits and the pigs immunized with the radv-e2 developed high-level csfv-speci ... | 2010 | 19586646 |
| immune responses induced by a bacmam virus expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus in mice. | non-replicating baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells has been developed as a vaccine strategy against a number of diseases in several animal models. in the present study, the bacmam vector, a baculovirus pseudotyped with the glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus, was used as a recombinant vector to express classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 protein under the control of the immediate early 1 (ie1) promoter from shrimp white spot syndrome virus. the e2 gene was efficie ... | 2009 | 19589357 |
| refolding of npro fusion proteins. | the autoprotease npro significantly enhances expression of fused peptides and proteins and drives the formation of inclusion bodies during protein expression. upon refolding, the autoprotease becomes active and cleaves itself specifically at its own c-terminus releasing the target protein with its authentic n-terminus. npro wild-type and its mutant eddie, respectively, were fused n-terminally to the model proteins green fluorescent protein, staphylococcus protein a domain d, inhibitory peptide o ... | 2009 | 19591193 |
| the reduction of csfv transmission to untreated pigs by the pestivirus inhibitor bpip: a proof of concept. | 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip) is a representative molecule of a novel class of highly active in vitro inhibitors of the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv). we recently demonstrated in a proof of concept study that the molecule has a marked effect on viral replication in csfv-infected pigs. here, the effect of antiviral treatment on virus transmission to untreated sentinel pigs was studied. therefore, bpip-treated pigs (n=4), intra-muscularly i ... | 2009 | 19592179 |
| yeast-expressed classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2 induces a protective immune response. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important swine disease worldwide. the glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a viral antigen that can induce a protective immune response against csf. a recombinant e2 protein was constructed using the yeast pichia pastoris expression system and evaluated for its vaccine efficacy. the yeast-expressed e2 (ye2) was shown to have n-linked glycosylation and to form homodimer molecules. four 6-week-old specified-pathogen-free (spf) pig ... | 2009 | 19625145 |
| effect of strain and inoculation dose of classical swine fever virus on within-pen transmission. | to improve the understanding of the dynamics and options for control of classical swine fever (csf), more quantitative knowledge is needed on virus transmission. in this study, virus excretion and within-pen transmission of a strain of low, moderate and high virulence were quantified. furthermore, the effect of inoculation dose on excretion and transmission were studied. the transmission was quantified using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (seir) model. five transmission tr ... | 2009 | 19631033 |
| cellular processes essential for african swine fever virus to infect and replicate in primary macrophages. | the macrophage (mø) is an essential immune cell for innate immunity. such cells are targeted by african swine fever virus (asfv). the early phases of infection with asfv have been previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as vero cells. here, we report on several additional key parameters that asfv utilizes during the infection of primary mø. related to virus infection, we established that receptor-mediated endocytosis of the virus by mø is not the exclusive means of entry to infect t ... | 2010 | 19632793 |
| early onset and long lasting protection in pigs provided by a classical swine fever e2-vaccine candidate produced in the milk of goats. | for vaccination against classical swine fever virus (csfv), it is strongly desirable to induce a rapid and long lasting protection. at present, only live attenuated csfv vaccines have shown early onset of protection, differing with the recombinant subunit-based vaccines reported so far. recently, a new vaccine formulation based on e2 envelope viral glycoprotein produced in the milk of goats (e2his) has been shown to induce a highly protective response in pigs against csfv infection. pigs immuniz ... | 2010 | 19640591 |
| activation and modulation of antiviral and apoptotic genes in pigs infected with classical swine fever viruses of high, moderate or low virulence. | the immune response to csfv and the strategies of this virus to evade and suppress the pigs' immune system are still poorly understood. therefore, we investigated the transcriptional response in the tonsils, median retropharyngeal lymph node (mrln), and spleen of pigs infected with csfv strains of similar origin with high, moderate, and low virulence. using a porcine spleen/intestinal cdna microarray, expression levels in rna pools prepared from infected tissue at 3 dpi (three pigs per virus str ... | 2009 | 19649765 |
| effect of immunostimulation by detoxified e. coli lipopolysaccharide combined with inactivated propionibacterium granulosum cells on porcine immunity. | the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of inactivated propionibacterium granulosum cell walls and e. coli lipopolysaccharide (pg/lps) on porcine immunity. piglets were intramuscularly administered pg/lps (1 ml/10 kg body weight) once or twice. the function of natural killer cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils and the adjuvant effect on antibody induction by attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) and inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination were e ... | 2009 | 19652476 |
| apoptosis in porcine macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) strains with different virulence. | african swine fever virus (asfv) replicates in porcine macrophages. since modulation of cell death by asfv strains of different virulence is poorly understood, we studied the development of apoptosis in porcine macrophage cultures during in vitro infection with the high- and low-virulence isolates asfv/l60 (l60) and asfv/nh/p68 (nhv), respectively. in cultures inoculated with each isolate, similar numbers of cells hosting infection showed morphological signs of apoptosis, which were visible from ... | 2009 | 19657705 |
| [a prime-boost vaccination strategy using a semliki forest virus replicon vectored dna vaccine followed by a recombinant adenovirus protects pigs from classical swine fever]. | we have previously evaluated a semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon vectored dna vaccine (psfv1cs2-e2) and a recombinant adenovirus (radv-e2) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in pigs. the results showed that the immunized pigs were protected from virulent challenge, but few pigs showed short-term fever and occasional pathological changes following virulent challenge. to enhance the immunogenecity of the vaccines, we tried a prime-boost vaccination strategy usin ... | 2009 | 19670635 |
| african swine fever: how can global spread be prevented? | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates approaching 100 per cent. it causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. asf is caused by a large dna virus, african swine fever virus (asfv). there is no vaccine against asfv and this limits the options for disease control. asf has been confined mainly to sub-saharan africa, where it is maintained in a sylvatic cycle and/or among domestic pigs. wi ... | 2009 | 19687038 |
| the african swine fever virus g5r protein possesses mrna decapping activity. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a single nudix enzyme in its genome, termed the g5r protein (g5rp). nudix phosphohydrolases cleave a variety of substrates, such as nucleotides and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. previously, asfv g5rp was shown to hydrolyze diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and gtp, but was unable to cleave methylated mrna cap analogues. in vaccinia virus (vacv), a distant relative of asfv, the d9 and d10 nudix enzymes were shown to cleave the mrna cap, but only whe ... | 2009 | 19695654 |
| [epitope mapping of antigenic determinants of e2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus using synthetic peptides]. | epitope mapping of the major envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is important for our understanding of e2 and also for development of the csfv-specific diagnostic assays and epitope- or peptide-based marker vaccines. previous competitive binding studies showed that monoclonal antibodies raised against e2 protein of csfv detected 8 individual epitopes. at the present study using a set of synthetic peptides covering the full sequences of e2 glycoprotein five linear non-o ... | 2009 | 19705780 |
| induction of inducible cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t lymphocytes by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | increases in numbers or activities of regulatory t lymphocytes (tregs) have been linked to the establishments of several persistent infections. it has been previously shown that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can negatively modulate the host immune responses, resulting in persistent infection and secondary immunodeficiency. recently, the existence of porcine cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs has been demonstrated. we investigated the effect of prrsv on the cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs. the ... | 2010 | 19709757 |
| influence of ns5a protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on csfv internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) present in the 5' untranslated region (utr) promotes translation of classical swine fever virus (csfv) genomes. using an in vitro system with monocistronic reporter rna containing the csfv 5'utr, this study found that csfv ns5a decreased csfv ires-mediated translation in a dose-dependent manner. deletion analysis showed that the region responsible for repressing csfv ires activity might cover aa 390-414, located in the c-terminal half of csfv ns5a. triple a ... | 2009 | 19710255 |
| characterization of ns3, ns5a and ns5b of classical swine fever virus through mutation and complementation analysis. | in order to get further insight into the organization of the pestiviral replication machinery, characterization of ns3, ns5a and ns5b of classical swine fever virus (csfv) through mutation and complementation analysis was performed. mutation analysis in genomic replicons and subgenomic replicons indicated importance of the gdd motif in ns5b, the deyh motif in ns3 and the conserved sequence c2717-c2740-c2742-c2767 in the ns5a for csfv recover and viral rna synthesis. complementation experiments w ... | 2010 | 19713054 |
| regulation of host translational machinery by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv), like other complex dna viruses, deploys a variety of strategies to evade the host's defence systems, such as inflammatory and immune responses and cell death. here, we analyse the modifications in the translational machinery induced by asfv. during asfv infection, eif4g and eif4e are phosphorylated (ser1108 and ser209, respectively), whereas 4e-bp1 is hyperphosphorylated at early times post infection and hypophosphorylated after 18 h. indeed, a potent increase i ... | 2009 | 19714237 |
| the cd2v protein enhances african swine fever virus replication in the tick vector, ornithodoros erraticus. | the nh/p68 non-haemadsorbing (non-had) african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate contains frameshift mutations in the ep402r and adjacent ep153r genes. these encode, respectively, the protein (cd2v) that is required for the haemadsorption (had) of swine erythrocytes to asfv-infected cells and a c-type lectin protein. two recombinant had viruses were constructed in this parental strain. in one of these the intact ep153r gene sequence was restored. although restoration of the had phenotype did not ... | 2009 | 19729182 |
| modified live marker vaccine candidate cp7_e2alf provides early onset of protection against lethal challenge infection with classical swine fever virus after both intramuscular and oral immunization. | due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in european union member states. however, animals vaccinated with the conventional c-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. to ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. one promising candidate is the chimeric pestivirus cp7_e2alf. for emergency vaccination in a csf outbreak scenario, early onset of immunity is required. here, the studies ... | 2009 | 19732859 |
| up-regulation of integrin beta3 expression in porcine vascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro by classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression. the cell adhesion molecule, integrin beta3, plays a central role in maintaining and regulating vascular permeability. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effect of csfv infection on integrin beta3 expression was investigated using the swine umbilical ve ... | 2010 | 19767110 |
| classical swine fever virus erns glycoprotein antagonizes induction of interferon-beta by double-stranded rna. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is capable of counteracting innate cellular antiviral responses by inhibiting type i interferon (ifn)-alpha/beta induction. a function associated with csfv n(pro), with respect to the inhibition of ifn-beta production, has been clearly elucidated. in this study, we explored the role of csfv e(rns) in ifn-beta induction by exogenous double-stranded (ds) rna. synthetic dsrna (poly (ic)) was used as an exogenous stimulus to trigger ifn-beta induction. csfv e(rns) ... | 2009 | 19767841 |
| [the changes of peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation after challenge with csfv virulent strain shimen]. | to investigate the effects of classical swine fever virus (csfv) virulent strain shimen (sm) infection on piglets peripheral blood leucocytes, the 60-days weanling piglets were infected with the shinen strain and the peripheral blood samples of the piglets were collected to analyze the kinetics of the csev nucleic acid, the peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation and sla molecule expression on the peripheral blood leukocytes. the results showed that the piglets rectal temperature increased 48 ... | 2009 | 19769165 |
| rational design of a classical swine fever c-strain vaccine virus that enables the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. | the c-strain of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is considered the gold standard vaccine for the control of csf. this vaccine, however, does not enable the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). consequently, its use can impose severe trade restrictions. the immunodominant and evolutionarily conserved a-domain of the e2 structural glycoprotein is an important target in csfv-specific elisas. with the ultimate aim to render the c-strain suitable as a diva ... | 2010 | 19770004 |
| glycosylation of classical swine fever virus e(rns) is essential for binding double-stranded rna and preventing interferon-beta induction. | host cells sense double-stranded rna (dsrna) produced during viral replication and initiate type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) production, leading to subsequent antiviral responses. many viruses, including classical swine fever virus (csfv), have developed strategies for counteracting the ifn-alpha/beta response. in this study, we explored the role of the csfv e(rns) glycoprotein in the inhibition of ifn-beta production induced by dsrna [poly(ic)]. our results demonstrated that csfv e(rns) could ... | 2009 | 19782108 |
| acute induction of cell death-related ifn stimulated genes (isg) differentiates highly from moderately virulent csfv strains. | classical swine fever (csf) severity is dependent on the virulence of the csf virus (csfv) strain. the earliest event detected following csfv infection is a decrease in lymphocytes number. with some csfv strains this leads to lymphopenia, the severity varying according to strain virulence. this lymphocyte depletion is attributed to an induction of apoptosis in non-infected bystander cells. we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) before and during 3 days post-infection with either ... | 2010 | 19793538 |
| the african swine fever virus virion membrane protein pe248r is required for virus infectivity and an early postentry event. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pe248r, encoded by the gene e248r, is a late structural component of the virus particle. the protein contains intramolecular disulfide bonds and has been previously identified as a substrate of the asfv-encoded redox system. its amino acid sequence contains a putative myristoylation site and a hydrophobic transmembrane region near its carboxy terminus. we show here that the protein pe248r is myristoylated during infection and associates with the membr ... | 2009 | 19793823 |
| detection of novel sequences related to african swine fever virus in human serum and sewage. | the family asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, african swine fever virus (asfv). asfv is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. we report here the discovery of novel viral sequences in human serum and sewage which are clearly related to the asfarvirus family but highly divergent from asfv. detection of these sequences suggests that greater genetic ... | 2009 | 19812170 |
| establishment of an in vitro system for the prediction of the degree of virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates. | | 2007 | 19835079 |
| genetic typing of recent classical swine fever isolates from india. | seventeen classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates recovered during the period of 3 years (2006-2008) from india were subjected to nucleotide sequencing in the 5' untranslated region (utr). for genetic typing, 150 nucleotides within this region were used. for better epizootiological understanding, 39 nucleotide sequences of the above region, including 13 indian csfv sequences, available either in the genbank or published literature were also included in the study. based on the phylogenetic an ... | 2010 | 19836905 |
| generation of recombinant pestiviruses using a full-genome amplification strategy. | complete genome amplification of viral rna provides a new tool for the generation of modified viruses. we have recently reported a full-genome amplification strategy for recovery of pestiviruses (rasmussen et al., 2008). a full-length cdna amplicon corresponding to the border disease virus-gifhorn genome was generated by long rt-pcr and then rna transcripts derived from this amplicon were used to rescue infectious virus. here, we have now used this full-genome amplification strategy for efficien ... | 2010 | 19836906 |
| changes of immunophysiological characteristics in neonatal calves experimentally challenged with mixture of live bacteria and virus. | the aim of the present study was to define efficient immunophysiological parameters in neonatal holstein calves with an experimentally induced microbial infection. calves (n = 15) were challenged with classical swine fever virus (lom strain) and erysipelothrix insidiosa live vaccine by intravenous injection at 3 wk of age except for control calves (n = 4). the level of total serum iga was significantly increased at 14 and 19 d post-experimental challenge (dpec) compared with that in calves at -2 ... | 2009 | 19841216 |
| african swine fever virus polyprotein pp62 is essential for viral core development. | one of the most characteristic features of african swine fever virus gene expression is its use of two polyproteins, pp220 and pp62, to produce several structural proteins that account for approximately 32% of the total protein virion mass. equimolecular amounts of these proteins are the major components of the core shell, a thick protein layer that lies beneath the inner envelope, surrounding the viral nucleoid. polyprotein pp220, which is located immediately underneath the internal envelope, i ... | 2010 | 19846532 |
| rna interference targeting nucleocapsid protein (c) inhibits classical swine fever virus replication in sk-6 cells. | the application of rna interference (rnai) strategy for controlling classical swine fever could become a promising alternative to the conventional eradication measures, as it was recently shown for foot-and-mouth disease (chen et al., 2004), influenza (ge et al., 2003), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (he et al., 2007) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (zhou et al., 2007). the use of synthetic sirna which is corresponding to nucleotides 1130-1148 of the csf virus strain alf ... | 2010 | 19850420 |
| a socio-psychological investigation into limitations and incentives concerning reporting a clinically suspect situation aimed at improving early detection of classical swine fever outbreaks. | the aim of this study was to identify limitations and incentives in reporting clinically suspect situations, possibly caused by classical swine fever (csf), to veterinary authorities with the ultimate aim to facilitate early detection of csf outbreaks. focus group sessions were held with policy makers from the veterinary authorities, and representatives of veterinary practitioners and pig farmer unions. personal interviews with a small group of pig farmers and practitioners were held to check li ... | 2010 | 19854004 |
| the effect of tissue degradation on detection of infectious virus and viral rna to diagnose classical swine fever virus. | a considerable part of tissue samples that are collected for the monitoring of classical swine fever (csf) from the wild boar population or from domestic pigs are unsuitable for virus detection using the fluorescent antibody test (fat) or virus isolation (vi), due to tissue degradation. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has a higher sensitivity than the fat and vi, and is supposed to be less sensitive to sample degradation. reliable and quantitative information on how long ... | 2010 | 19854005 |
| characterisation of virus-specific peripheral blood cell cytokine responses following vaccination or infection with classical swine fever viruses. | existing live attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccines provide a rapid onset of complete protection but pose problems in discriminating infected amongst vaccinated animals. with a view to providing additional information on the cellular mechanisms that may contribute to protection, which in turn may aid the development of the next generation of csfv vaccines, we explored the kinetics of the cytokine responses from peripheral blood cells of pigs vaccinated with an attenuated c-strai ... | 2010 | 19854006 |
| preventive vaccination contributes to control classical swine fever in wild boar (sus scrofa sp.). | over the last 20 years, oral vaccination implementing a live attenuated vaccine has been experimented in europe in order to control classical swine fever (csf) in wild boar (sus scrofa sp.). this has generally led to an enhanced seroprevalence and a decreased viroprevalence at the scale of the whole vaccinated populations, but no quantitative analysis has demonstrated the protective effect of preventive vaccination or intensive baiting. in the present paper we conducted a retrospective analysis ... | 2010 | 19854007 |
| a novel combination of taqman rt-pcr and a suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus contains four recognized species: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1 and 2. all are economically important and globally distributed but classical swine fever is the most serious, concerning losses and control measures. it affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreaks of this disease in domestic pigs call for the most serious measures of disease control, including a stamping out policy in europe. since all the member ... | 2010 | 19854591 |
| in vitro inhibition of the replication of classical swine fever virus by capsid-targeted virus inactivation. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious fatal disease of swine. few effective antiviral drugs are currently available against csfv infections. to explore the feasibility of using capsid-targeted viral inactivation (ctvi) as an antiviral strategy against csfv infections, we expressed the csfv capsid protein (cap) fused with the nuclease of staphylococcus aureus (sn) in escherichia coli and investigated its effects on the replic ... | 2010 | 19857524 |
| classical swine fever: comparison of oronasal immunisation with cp7e2alf marker and c-strain vaccines in domestic pigs. | effective oronasal vaccination against classical swine fever (csf) is essential to achieve protection in wild boar. however the currently available live csf vaccines, e.g. c-strain, do not allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). a modified live marker vaccine candidate (cp7e2alf) has been recently developed (reimann et al., 2004). this communication reports the comparison of cp7e2alf and c-strain virus vaccines during 98 days following oronasal immunisat ... | 2010 | 19857935 |
| remarkable sequence similarity between the dinoflagellate-infecting marine girus and the terrestrial pathogen african swine fever virus. | heterocapsa circularisquama dna virus (hcdnav; previously designated as hcv) is a giant virus (girus) with a approximately 356-kbp double-stranded dna (dsdna) genome. hcdnav lytically infects the bivalve-killing marine dinoflagellate h. circularisquama, and currently represents the sole dna virus isolated from dinoflagellates, one of the most abundant protists in marine ecosystems. its morphological features, genome type, and host range previously suggested that hcdnav might be a member of the f ... | 2009 | 19860921 |
| the survival of the hog-cholera virus in laboratory animals, particularly the rat. | the attempts to demonstrate the virus of hog-cholera in rabbits 12 days after intravenous and intraabdominal inoculations were unsuccessful. likewise the attempts to show that the virus might be found in the guinea pig 6 and in the pigeon 7 days after inoculation were negative. it was shown, however, that the virus can be found in the bodies of white rats for at least 7 days after either intraabdominal or intracerebral inoculations. one attempt to demonstrate it after 10 days was negative. from ... | 1918 | 19868292 |
| bacilli of the hog-cholera group (bacillus cholerae suis) in man. | 1. the organisms isolated by hirschfeld from febrile cases resembling paratyphoid fever and named paratyphoid c can be placed in the hog-cholera bacillus group by their agglutination absorption properties though they are not typical culturally. 2. when fed to a pig a febrile disease resulted from which the animal recovered. after injection of hog-cholera virus the organisms fed were found generally, distributed and some of them had lost cultural characters so that they are brought into the class ... | 1920 | 19868429 |
| variations in the plasma cholesterol and cholesterol ester content in hog cholera. | 1. the plasma cholesterol and cholesterol ester content of swine, experimentally infected with hog cholera, exhibit a regular succession of changes. during the period of incubation of the disease, for 3 or more days following inoculation with hog cholera virus, hypocholesterolemia prevails. this is followed by a period of hypercholesterolemia which is coincident with the onset of the clinical manifestations of the disease. the hypercholesterolemia after persisting for from 4 to 7 days, gives way ... | 1930 | 19869682 |
| histological studies on hog cholera : i. lesions in the central nervous system. | 1. a more or less marked encephalomyelitis and meningitis was found in 33 out of 39 cases of virus hog cholera which had been infected either intramuscularly or by contact and killed between 6 and 49 days after infection. 2. this hog cholera encephalitis is characterized by a varying amount of vascular and perivascular infiltration with small lymphocytes, mononuclear elements, a few plasma cells, and occasionally a few eosinophilic leucocytes. the glia shows a proliferation surrounding infiltrat ... | 1931 | 19869840 |
| the swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for swine influenza virus : ii. the transmission of swine influenza virus by the swine lungworm. | 1. the swine lungworm can serve as intermediate host in transmitting swine influenza virus to swine. the virus is present in a masked non-infective form in the lungworm, however, and, to induce infection, must be rendered active by the application of a provocative stimulus to the swine it infests. multiple intramuscular injections of h. influenzae suis furnish a means of provoking infection. swine influenza infections can be provoked in properly prepared swine during the autumn, winter, and spri ... | 1941 | 19871115 |
| cultivation of the hog cholera virus. | the work of hecke on the cultivation, of hog cholera virus was confirmed with ease. virus was grown in the presence of fresh minced swine testicle in flasks containing tyrode solution, on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, and on the surface of swine serum agar. in flasks it was grown for 14 transfers; while on eggs it was grown for 13 transfers, followed by an equal number of transfers on agar, making 26 transfers in all. only one strain of virus was used and we do not know wheth ... | 1941 | 19871145 |
| characterisation of experimental infections of domestic pigs with genotype 2.1 and 3.3 isolates of classical swine fever virus. | the early identification of classical swine fever epizootics is hampered by difficulties in recognising early signs of infection, due to a lack of specific clinical signs. in addition many textbook descriptions of csf are based on observations of disease caused by historic, mainly genotype 1, strains. our objective was to improve our knowledge of the diverse range of signs that different csfv strains can cause by characterising the experimental infection of domestic pigs with both a recent strai ... | 2010 | 19875252 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in heterologous species. | infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are not limited to cattle, but may be detected in various species in the mammalian order artiodactyla. despite epidemiological evidence of bvdv infections in species other than cattle, current knowledge regarding the impact of bvdv on heterologous species is incomplete. in heterologous hosts, bvdv infections with clinical signs analogous to those in cattle have been described and include disease of multiple organ systems, most notably the reprod ... | 2010 | 19883524 |
| characterization of a new chimeric marker vaccine candidate with a mutated antigenic e2-epitope. | a new chimeric pestivirus "cp7_e1e2alf_tla", based on the infectious cdna of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain cp7, was constructed. the substitution of bvdv e1 and e2 with the respective proteins of classical swine fever (csf) strain alfort 187 allows an optimal heterodimerization of e1 and e2 in the chimeric virus, which is beneficial for efficient and authentic virus assembly and growth. in addition, for implementation of e2-based marker diagnostics, the previously described antigenic ... | 2010 | 19892497 |
| phylogenetic analysis of recent classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates from assam, india. | classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious viral disease of pigs, is endemic in india. as there is no information concerning the accurate genetic typing of classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates in india, 16 csf viruses isolated during 2005-2007 from domestic pigs in different districts of assam were typed in 5' utr (150 nucleotides). to confirm the genetic typing results and to study the genetic variability, selected viruses were also analyzed in e2 (190 nt) and ns5b gene (409 nt) re ... | 2011 | 19896713 |
| interferon-gamma induction correlates with protection by dna vaccine expressing e2 glycoprotein against classical swine fever virus infection in domestic pigs. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting domestic and wild pigs. for classical swine fever virus (csfv), immunization with plasmids expressing different versions of glycoprotein e2 has proven an effective way to induce protection. previously, we have also shown that immunization with dna vaccine expressing glycoprotein e2 (dna-e2) induced specific t helper cell responses in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. however, the role of t cell responses in protec ... | 2010 | 19896784 |
| the classical swine fever virus npro product is degraded by cellular proteasomes in a manner that does not require interaction with interferon regulatory factor 3. | classical swine fever is a notifiable disease of pigs. the causative agent, classical swine fever virus (csfv), is highly contagious and causes mild to severe haemorrhagic disease depending on the virulence of the strain. the rna genome of csfv is translated as a single polyprotein that is processed to yield 12 proteins. like other pestiviruses, the first protein to be translated is the n-terminal autoprotease termed n(pro). a novel pestiviral protein with no known cellular homologues, n(pro) an ... | 2010 | 19906943 |
| development and validation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of prrsv. | to establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), four primers specific to six regions of the n gene were designed. after amplification in an isothermal water bath for 1 h, samples containing prrsv generated the expected ladder-like products while porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, and swine testis cells generated no pr ... | 2010 | 19911264 |
| mutations in classical swine fever virus ns4b affect virulence in swine. | ns4b is one of the nonstructural proteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv), the etiological agent of a severe, highly lethal disease of swine. protein domain analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ns4b protein of highly pathogenic csfv strain brescia (bicv) identified a putative toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir)-like domain. this tir-like motif harbors two conserved domains, box 1 and box 2, also observed in other members of the tir superfamily, including toll-like receptors ( ... | 2010 | 19923180 |
| development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). | a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ... | 2010 | 19931578 |
| [high expression of antimicrobial peptide cecropin ad in escherichia coli by fusion with eddie]. | in this study, we efficiently expressed the active antimicrobial peptide (cad), which fused with the site-mutated coat protein (eddie) of the classical swine fever virus, in escherichia coli. first, we obtained the e-cad fusion gene from the cad gene and the eddie gene using overlapping pcr. then to get the recombinant expression vector (peted), the e-cad fusion gene was cloned into the pet30a vector by a site-directed homologous recombination technique. the eddie-cad fusion protein expressed in ... | 2009 | 19938464 |
| dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis in african swine fever virus entry. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that enters host cells after receptor-mediated endocytosis and depends on acidic cellular compartments for productive infection. the exact cellular mechanism, however, is largely unknown. in order to dissect asfv entry, we have analyzed the major endocytic routes using specific inhibitors and dominant negative mutants and analyzed the consequences for asfv entry into host cells. our results indicate that asfv entry into host cells takes place ... | 2010 | 19939916 |
| antigens containing tavspttlr tandem repeats could be used in assaying antibodies to classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease in pigs. the highly conserved epitope tavspttlr on the glycoprotein e2 was shown to be suitable for differentiation of csfv from other pestiviruses. in this study, we found that swine csfv antisera contained tavspttlr-related rather than tavspttlr-specific csfv antibodies. the csfv antisera reacted only to some extent with a synthetic tavspttlr-containing peptide, but inhibited the binding of tavspttlr-sp ... | 2009 | 19941387 |
| a host species-informative internal control for molecular assessment of african swine fever virus infection rates in the african sylvatic cycle ornithodoros vector. | african swine fever virus (asfv) infection in adult ornithodoros porcinus (murry 1877, sensuwalton 1979) ticks collected from warthog burrows in southern and east africa was assessed using a duplex genomic amplification approach that is informative with respect to the invertebrate host species and infecting sylvatic cycle virus. dna extracted from individual ticks was used as template for the simultaneous amplification of a c-terminal 478-bp asfv p72 gene region and a approximately 313-bp fragme ... | 2009 | 19941606 |
| classical swine fever virus ns3 enhances rna-dependent rna polymerase activity by binding to ns5b. | ns3 of pestiviruses contains a protease domain and a rna helicase/ntpase domain. contradictory results have been reported regarding ns3 in rna synthesis. to investigate the effect of ns3 on classical swine fever virus (csfv) ns5b rna-dependent rna polymerase activity (rdrp) activity and ns3-ns5b interaction, rdrp reactions, gst-pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation analyses containing ns5b and either of ns3 protein and the different truncated ns3 mutants were performed, respectively. we fo ... | 2010 | 19951725 |
| the use of cos-1 cells for studies of field and laboratory african swine fever virus samples. | different naturally occurring, cell adapted or genetically manipulated stocks of african swine fever virus were able to infect directly cultures of cos-1 cells, producing extensive cytopathic effects and amounts from 10(6) to 10(7) of infective progeny virus per ml. the induction of late virus-specific proteins, demonstrated by rt-pcr and immunoblotting, and the development of lysis plaques by all the virus samples tested so far, allowed the optimization of both titration and diagnostic assays, ... | 2010 | 19961878 |
| detection of african swine fever virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv). this assay targets the topoisomerase ii gene of asfv and its specificity was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion of the reaction products. the analytical sensitivity of this asfv lamp assay was at least 330 genome copies, and the test was able to detect representative isolates of asfv (n=38) without cross-reacting with classical swine fever virus. the performance of th ... | 2010 | 19963011 |
| classical swine fever virus infection protects aortic endothelial cells from pipc-mediated apoptosis. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes severe disease in pigs associated with leukopenia, haemorrhage and fever. we show that csfv infection protects endothelial cells from apoptosis induced by the dsrna mimic, pipc, but not from other apoptotic stimuli, fasl or staurosporine. csfv infection inhibits pipc-induced caspase activation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cytochrome c release as well as the pro-apoptotic effects of truncated bid (tbid) overexpression. the csfv proteins n(pr ... | 2010 | 20007358 |
| additive-multiplicative regression models for spatio-temporal epidemics. | an extension of the stochastic susceptible-infectious-recovered (sir) model is proposed in order to accommodate a regression context for modelling infectious disease data. the proposal is based on a multivariate counting process specified by conditional intensities, which contain an additive epidemic component and a multiplicative endemic component. this allows the analysis of endemic infectious diseases by quantifying risk factors for infection by external sources in addition to infective conta ... | 2009 | 20029897 |
| first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba. | to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ... | 2010 | 20031180 |
| global transcriptional profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cell during classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is an etiologic agent that causes a highly contagious disease in pigs. laying a foundation to solve problems in its pathogenic mechanism, microarray analysis was performed to detect the gene transcriptional profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) following infection with a chinese highly virulent csfv strain shimen. three susceptible pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with a lethal dose (1.0x10(6) tcid(50)) of csfv. pigs showed classical csf sig ... | 2010 | 20034523 |
| correlation of the virulence of csfv with evolutionary patterns of e2 glycoprotein. | infection with classical swine fever virus (csfv) is costly to the livestock industry. several genomic sequences including velogenic strains and low virulent strains have been identified. however, the reasons for the virulence of the virus have remained unclear. based on selective pattern and pressure strength, we classified all genes of csfv into three classes. among these genes, the e2 gene was under the strongest positive selection. based on the analysis of 85 representative e2 gene sequences ... | 2010 | 20036871 |
| molecular characterisation of african swine fever viruses from nigeria (2003-2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms cvr epidemiological utility. | samples collected from wild and domestic suids in nigeria, over a 3-year period (2003-2006), were evaluated for african swine fever (asf) virus genome presence by targeting three discrete genome regions, namely the 478-bp c-terminal p72 gene region advocated for genotype assignment, a 780-bp region spanning the 5'-ends of the pb125r and pb646l (p72) genes and the hypervariable central variable region (cvr) encoded within the 9rl orf (pb602l). asf virus (asfv) presence was confirmed in 23 of the ... | 2010 | 20052526 |
| classic swine fever virus ns2 protein leads to the induction of cell cycle arrest at s-phase and endoplasmic reticulum stress. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopoenia and immunosuppression, and the swine endothelial vascular cell is one of the csfv target cells. in this report, we investigated the previously unknown subcellular localization and function of csfv ns2 protein by examining its effects on cell growth and cell cycle progression. | 2010 | 20064240 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in wild boar (sus scrofa) in campania region, italy. | serum samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested during the 2005-2006 hunting season in campania, southern italy. samples were tested for antibodies to leptospira interrogan, brucella spp., salmonella spp., aujeszky disease virus (adv), porcine reproductive and respiratory stress syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). of the 342 serum samples tested, 15 (4.4%) were seropositive to brucella ... | 2010 | 20090052 |
| [applications of reverse genetics in studying classical swine fever virus]. | classical swine fever (csf), caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), has been epidemic or endemic in many countries, and causes great economical losses to pig industry worldwide. attenuated vaccines (such as c-strain) have played an important role in the control of csf. recently some new phenomena appear, such as atypical and persistent infections of csf, immunization failure and so on. meanwhile, eradication programs have been implemented in many countries, restricting the widespread appl ... | 2009 | 20112686 |
| antigenic domains analysis of classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein by mutagenesis and conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies. | glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the major antigenic protein exposed on the outer surface of the virion that induces main neutralizing antibodies during infection in pigs. this study displays the differences in antigenicity of e2 between vaccine and field strains of csfv by their variable reaction patterns between expressed proteins and monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the d/a domains of various csfvs were relatively conserved and recognized by all mabs against the a domain. ... | 2010 | 20132851 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of some uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars against classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus glycoproteins: e2, e(rns) (e0) and e1 are detected on the external part of viral particles and play a major role in the initial stages of viral infection. they form heterodimeric and homodimeric complexes needed to effectively infect host cells. some glycosylation inhibitors, such as tunicamycin, which act at the early stages of glycan chain processing, can influence, not only glycosylation, but also the stability of e2 and e(rns) glycoproteins, effectively inhibiting ... | 2010 | 20153775 |
| phylogenomic analysis of 11 complete african swine fever virus genome sequences. | viral molecular epidemiology has traditionally analyzed variation in single genes. whole genome phylogenetic analysis of 123 concatenated genes from 11 asfv genomes, including e75, a newly sequenced virulent isolate from spain, identified two clusters. one contained south african isolates from ticks and warthog, suggesting derivation from a sylvatic transmission cycle. the second contained isolates from west africa and the iberian peninsula. two isolates, from kenya and malawi, were outliers. of ... | 2010 | 20171711 |
| 5'-utr-based phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolates from india. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a globally significant disease of pigs. genetic typing of csfv isolates can help in understanding the epidemiology of disease and trace down the source of outbreak. 5'-utr sequence analysis and subsequent genetic classification of nine csfv field isolates from india indicated that 3 isolates belonged to genotype 2.1 and were closely related to european csfv strains. the remaining 6 isolates belonged to genotype 1 that co ... | 2010 | 20201618 |
| the development of oral fluid-based diagnostics and applications in veterinary medicine. | the purpose of this review was to discuss the history of the development and implementation of oral fluid diagnostics for infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals. the use of oral fluid for the assessment of health and diagnosis of disease in humans and animals has a surprisingly long history. as early as 1909, pollaci and ceraulo reported sensitive and specific agglutination of 'micrococcus melitensis' (brucella melitensis) by oral fluid from patients diagnosed with malta fever. a 198 ... | 2010 | 20202287 |
| genetic characterization of e2 gene of classical swine fever virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis. | an rt-nested pcr (rt-npcr)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses of the e2 gene were developed for genetic subtyping and differentiation of vaccinated and infected classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains. rt-npcr identified 96 csfv-positive samples from 321 clinical specimens from southeastern china during 2003-2008. the pcr products of positive samples were further differentiated using mspi digestion, 23 were identified as the c-strain, 62 as field strains, and 11 as ... | 2010 | 20217206 |
| propagation of hog cholera virus in rabbits. | | 1946 | 20274310 |
| serial passage of hog cholera virus in rabbits. | | 1946 | 20274311 |
| screwworms, cochliomyia hominivorax, reared for mass release do not carry and spread foot-and-mouth disease virus and classical swine fever virus. | experiments were done to determine if transporting live screwworms cochliomyia hominivorax coquerel (diptera: calliphoridae) for developing new strains from countries where foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever are endemic, to the mass rearing facilities in mexico and panama, may introduce these exotic diseases into these countries. are screwworms capable of harboring and spreading foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) when they are grown in virus- ... | 2008 | 20302530 |
| patterns of gene expression in swine macrophages infected with classical swine fever virus detected by microarray. | infection of domestic swine with highly virulent, classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain brescia, causes lethal disease in all infected animals. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating the host cellular processes and evasion of the immune response have not been clearly established. to gain insight into, the early host response to csfv, we analyzed the pattern of gene expression in infected swine macrophages, using custom designed swine microarrays. macrophages, the target cel ... | 2010 | 20302897 |
| validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for visualised detection of wild-type classical swine fever virus. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a nucleic acid amplification method applied and adapted to the detection of a number of pathogens. a lamp assay was developed for the specific detection of wild-type classical swine fever virus (csfv). based on an alignment of genomic sequences of pestiviruses available in genbank, four primers were selected targeting six positions in the ns5b gene region of the viral genome. the assay was performed in a simple water bath at a constant temperature ... | 2010 | 20304010 |
| inhibition of replication of classical swine fever virus in a stable cell line by the viral capsid and staphylococcus aureus nuclease fusion protein. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the major diseases causing serious economic losses to the swine industry. to explore the feasibility of using capsid-targeted viral inactivation (ctvi) as an antiviral strategy against csf infection, a plasmid pcdna-cap-snase was constructed for expressing a fusion protein of csfv capsid (cap) and staphylococcus aureus nuclease (snase). under g418 selection, a mammalian cell line pk-15 expressing stably the fusion protein cap-snase(pk-15/cap-snase) could be ... | 2010 | 20304012 |
| escape of classical swine fever c-strain vaccine virus from detection by c-strain specific real-time rt-pcr caused by a point mutation in the primer-binding site. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important diseases of pigs. vaccination in the european union is limited to emergency situations. currently, vaccination for the purpose of disease control is carried out in wild boar populations. wild boar are in most cases vaccinated using an oral bait vaccine based on the live modified vaccine virus c-strain "riems". a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocol for differentiation of c-strain "riems" vaccine virus ... | 2010 | 20332004 |
| [preparation and bioactivity of anti-human red blood cell scfv and csfv e2 bifunctional fusion protein]. | the aim of this study is to construct a bifunctional fusion protein, which can conjugate both human red blood cells and antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv). we respectively amplified 2e8scfv and me2 genes from different recombinant vectors, in which 2e8scfv gene is the single chain fv gene against h antigen of human red blood cells, whereas me2 gene is the main antigen coding region gene of csfv e2 protein. we used overlap extension pcr to obtain an artificial fusion gene segme ... | 2010 | 20353089 |