| shift in genomic molecular patterns of human rotaviruses over an eighteen-month period in hungary. | rotavirus electropherotypes of 103 fecal samples collected from children for 18 months in baranya county, hungary, revealed seven different patterns. two electropherotypes were predominant and a clear shift was evident in their occurrence. the results provide the first evidence of a shift in the prevalence of electropherotyping variants in hungary. | 1987 | 2832346 |
| rotavirus in vomit. | | 1988 | 2832483 |
| rearrangement of genomic segment 11 in two swine rotavirus strains. | we have recently reported the isolation of two group a swine rotaviruses each lacking normal genomic rna segment 11 and showing instead one extra segment that migrated abnormally on gel electrophoresis. hybridization studies performed with segment-specific probes and with a purified abnormal rna segment showed that the extra bands had sequence homology to normal segment 11. analysis of protein profiles of normal and rearranged strains showed that the gene product of segment 11 had no apparent ch ... | 1988 | 2832531 |
| an electron microscopic investigation of time-related changes in the intestine of neonatal mice infected with murine rotavirus. | seven-day-old mice were infected orally with murine rotavirus (edim) and regions of the gut examined at 24 h intervals up to 7 days by electron microscopy. structural changes were correlated with data on viral antigen production, thymidine kinase activity, and clinical signs of diarrhea. no pathological changes were detected in the colon. infection and structural damage were confined to the small intestine, with middle regions showing the most pronounced changes. constriction of villus bases, ed ... | 1988 | 2832583 |
| characterization of binding of simian rotavirus sa-11 to cultured epithelial cells. | rotavirus causes enteritis in both man and animals. the identity of the rotavirus receptor is not known. the nature of the binding interaction and the relationship between virus binding and internalization have not previously been reported. we studied the binding of [5,6-3h]uridine-labeled rotavirus sa11 to confluent monolayers of ma104 cells. we found approximately 13,000 receptor units per cell. the binding was sodium-dependent, ph-insensitive between 5.5 and 8, independent of added calcium, a ... | 1988 | 2832584 |
| acidification of endosomes is not important for the entry of rotavirus into the cell. | rotavirus causes enteritis in both man and animals. the mechanism by which this protein-enveloped virus enters the cell to initiate infection is not known. many viruses depend on the acidification of endosomes for entry into the cell. we studied the importance of the acidification of endosomes for the initiation of two early phases of rotavirus infection, virus rna and peptide synthesis. monensin, nigericin, chloroquine and ammonium chloride at a variety of concentrations caused no specific inhi ... | 1988 | 2832585 |
| about rotavirus vaccination. | | 1988 | 2832587 |
| three-dimensional structure of rotavirus. | the three-dimensional structures of double and single-shelled simian rotavirus have been determined to a resolution of 40 a by image processing electron micrographs of unstained, unfixed virus particles embedded in vitreous ice. this study demonstrates that the icosahedral surface lattices in these structures have a triangulation number of 13 in a left-handed configuration. the double-shelled virion has a smooth outer surface with 60 slender spikes. the single-shelled virion, in contrast, exhibi ... | 1988 | 2832610 |
| effect of glucocorticoid on piglet jejunal mucosa during acute viral enteritis. | we measured the effect of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid on piglet jejunal structure and function during acute viral diarrhea. weaned piglets, infected experimentally with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, a coronavirus that induces a diarrheal illness similar to human rotavirus infection, received methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) or saline intramuscularly at 48 and 72 h after infection; noninfected littermate controls were similarly injected with methylprednisolone. animals were killed ... | 1988 | 2832816 |
| group a rotavirus excretion patterns in naturally infected pigs. | cross-sectional and cohort studies were conducted in a piggery to investigate the excretion pattern of group a rotavirus in pigs. the cross-sectional survey revealed that 47 (9 per cent) of 521 pigs sampled were excreting rotavirus in the faeces. no rotavirus antigen was detected in the faeces of pigs either less than one week or over two months old. the prevalence of infection increased with age over the sucking period, and was greatest at five weeks old. diarrhoea was observed in only eight (1 ... | 1987 | 2832911 |
| a three-year diagnostic and epidemiological study on viral infantile diarrhoea in rome. | rotavirus infection was demonstrated in 168 (29.3%) of 573 children hospitalized for acute diarrhoea in rome between january 1982 and december 1984. laboratory diagnosis of these infections was made by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme immunoassay techniques with an overall agreement of 91.3%. astroviruses, adenoviruses and small round viruses were detected in the faeces of 36 patients (6.4%). whereas in 1982 rotavirus positive patients were clustered in the winter and following spring ... | 1988 | 2833404 |
| the antigenic diversity of rotaviruses: significance to epidemiology and vaccine strategies. | rotaviruses are the major cause of infantile gastroenteritis world-wide. much antigenic diversity exist amongst them. this has important implications to diagnosis, epidemiology and vaccination strategies. the nature of this diversity is now well understood. this review outlines and discussed our current knowledge of the subject from a historical perspective. | 1988 | 2833405 |
| interference of oral poliovirus vaccine on rit 4237 oral rotavirus vaccine. | a vaccination trial, performed on 86 3-month-old infants, has shown that the ability of the rit 4237 live attenuated rotavirus strain to induce seroconversion is dramatically reduced when administered with live poliovirus vaccine. in a subsequent trial performed on 93 infants the attempt to overcome the poliovirus interference by administering two doses of associated vaccines was unsuccessful. no interference by the rit 4237 strain on live attenuated polioviruses was observed. | 1988 | 2833407 |
| rabbit model of rotavirus infection. | a new small animal model was developed to study parameters of rotavirus infections, including the active immune response. seronegative new zealand white rabbits (neonatal to 4 months old) were inoculated orally with cultivatable rabbit rotavirus strains ala, c11, and r2 and with the heterologous simian strain sa11. the course of infection was evaluated by clinical findings, virus isolation (plaque assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and serologic response. all four strains of virus wer ... | 1988 | 2833612 |
| prediction of human rotavirus serotype by nucleotide sequence analysis of the vp7 protein gene. | human rotavirus field isolates were characterized by direct sequence analysis of the gene encoding the serotype-specific major neutralization protein (vp7). single-stranded rna transcripts were prepared from virus particles obtained directly from stool specimens or after two or three passages in ma-104 cells. two regions of the gene (nucleotides 307 through 351 and 670 through 711) which had previously been shown to contain regions of sequence divergence among rotavirus serotypes were sequenced ... | 1988 | 2833626 |
| [molecular biology of rotaviruses]. | | 1987 | 2833838 |
| application of an attenuated vaccine, roco-81, against viral enteritis of calves. | | 1987 | 2833848 |
| evaluation of three commercially available rotavirus detection methods for neonatal specimens. | commercially available assay kits have now made detection of rotavirus in stool specimens possible as a routine laboratory test. one such kit, rotazyme ii (abbott laboratories, north chicago, il) has been reported to give a higher incidence of false positive results with neonatal stool than with stool from older patients. one hundred stool specimens from asymptomatic neonates (age range, two to five days) were tested by two elisa methods and one latex agglutination method in order to evaluate th ... | 1988 | 2833852 |
| update of viral gastroenteritis. | | 1988 | 2834120 |
| prevalence of antibodies to rotavirus in different age-groups of infants in bochum, west germany. | we studied the prevalence of antibody to rotavirus in 386 serum samples obtained from different age-groups of infants in bochum, west germany. cord sera mirrored the igg titer and serotype specificity of the corresponding maternal sera. igg antibody prevalence decreased with age, reached a minimum between four and 12 months, and increased thereafter. igm antibodies appeared first in the eight- to 12-month age-group, and igm prevalence remained high thereafter. the serum level of iga was low in a ... | 1988 | 2834458 |
| [infection defense antigens against pathogenic viruses to human. infection defense antigens and genetic code--trend and progress of study on biomolecular analysis. j. rotaviruses]. | | 1987 | 2834575 |
| [trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. rotavirus vaccines]. | | 1987 | 2834580 |
| plaque formation of canine rotavirus in cultures of gbk bovine cell line. | | 1988 | 2834598 |
| mucosal viral infections: mechanisms of immunity and disease. | | 1988 | 2834637 |
| infantile gastroenteritis in western samoa. | gastroenteritis has been identified traditionally as a major health problem in western samoa. in order to establish the extent of the problem, and to identify the viral and bacterial pathogens involved, stool specimens were collected from all children less than 2 years of age admitted to apia hospital, western samoa, over a 2 year period. rotavirus was recovered from 5.5% of all admissions (20.5% of those labelled gastroenteritis) and bacterial pathogens were isolated from 2.1% of all admissions ... | 1988 | 2834679 |
| aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases and problems of rotavirus. | | 1988 | 2834894 |
| comparison of seven kits for detection of rotavirus in fecal specimens with a sensitive, specific enzyme immunoassay. | a sensitive, specific enzyme immunoassay (sseia) was compared to four commercial, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits and three latex agglutination assay (laa) kits: (1) rotavirus eia, international diagnostic laboratories (idl), (2) pathfinder, kallestadt (kal), (3) rotavirus bio-enzabead, litton (lit), (4) rotazyme ii, abbott (rtzii), (5) slidex rota-kit, biomerieux (srk), (6) meritec-rotavirus, meridian (mer), and (7) rotalex, medical technology corporation (rlx). the sseia was cho ... | 1987 | 2835201 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus by enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of luminol was used in a chemiluminescence avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cl-abe) to detect respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rotavirus (rov). this cl-abe was carried out in a new apparatus constructed for the photographic registration of the light emission produced. when measured in a spectrophotometer, the light emission produced by the oxidation of luminol showed a peak emission at 425 nm. the chemiluminescence output reache ... | 1988 | 2835387 |
| subgroups, serotypes, and electrophoretypes of rotavirus isolated from children in bangui, central african republic. | the subgroups and serotypes of 178 strains of rotavirus isolated from diarrheic and healthy children in bangui, central african republic, during a 27-month period were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the subgroup was determined for 152 of the viral strains, 18.4% being subgroup i and 81.6% being subgroup ii. of the 143 strains which could be serotyped, 71.3% were serotype 1, 15.4% were serotype 2, and 13.3% were serotype 3. serotypes 1 and 3 were detected throughout the study, w ... | 1988 | 2835390 |
| comparison of serum and mucosal antibody responses following severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children. | the development of mucosal immunity is presumed to be the most important marker of rotavirus infection. the practical difficulties of obtaining small-bowel secretions stimulated this study of the antibody response to acute rotavirus infection at other sites. forty-four infants admitted to the hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis had serum, saliva, and feces collected at the acute phase (median, 5.5 days), during convalescence (median, 33.5 days), and 4 months later (median, 12.2 weeks). a sub ... | 1988 | 2835391 |
| the relative frequency of subgroup i and ii rotaviruses in black infants in south africa. | between march 1983 and december 1986, a total of 1571 stool specimens were collected from black south african infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis, and tested for the presence of rotavirus. monoclonal antibodies against the major inner capsid protein were used in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to determine the subgroup specificity of the rotavirus isolates. subgroup ii rotaviruses occurred more frequently than subgroup i isolates (74.4% vs 12.3%), while 13.3% could not be ... | 1988 | 2835428 |
| chronic enteric virus infection in two t-cell immunodeficient children. | enteric virus infections were studied in two children with congenital t-cell immunodeficiency. one patient (lc) with cartilage hair hypoplasia developed persistent diarrhea and malabsorption following acute gastroenteritis. electron microscope (em) examination of feces revealed excretion of rotavirus for more than 450 days with concurrent astrovirus infection for at least 225 days, associated with the persistent diarrhea. prolonged infection with poliovirus type 2 following vaccination had previ ... | 1988 | 2835434 |
| analysis of the structural polypeptides of a porcine group c rotavirus. | polyacrylamide gel analysis of the structural polypeptides of purified group c virions allowed six major proteins to be identified. of these, two (52,000- and 39,000-molecular-weight polypeptides) were shown to be in the outer virion shell as judged by the ability to strip them from virions by treatment with edta. treatment of purified particles with endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase f showed that the 39,000-molecular-weight outer shell polypeptide is probably posttranslationally glycosylated. s ... | 1988 | 2835518 |
| [electron microscopy research on cytopathic rotaviruses in cell cultures]. | studied was the virus reproduction in cell cultures of ma-104 of the referent rotavirus strain lincoln, and of the isolated from calves rotavirus trebich 248/82 and dolno-sakhrane 39/82. observed were the following main morphologic structures: electron-dense oval fractions, fractions of with single and double membrane, fractions with supercapsular membrane and electronic-densely granulated zones--viroplasms. there were not established considerable differences between the referent and the isolate ... | 1987 | 2835851 |
| topography of the simian rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein (ns28) in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. | the simian rotavirus sa11 genome segment 10 codes for a nonstructural glycoprotein, ns28, that has been hypothesized to be involved in budding of viral particles into the endoplasmic reticulum (er) membrane. previous studies had suggested that ns28 is an integral membrane protein of the er, possibly a transmembrane protein. we have examined the topography of ns28 inserted in microsomal membranes following cell-free translation of genome segment 10 transcripts. these transcripts were obtained eit ... | 1988 | 2835861 |
| [heterologous system of immunoenzyme analysis for the diagnosis of human rotavirus infection and its comparison with rna electrophoresis]. | on the basis of porcine rotavirus a heterologous eia test system was worked out and tested for diagnosis of human rotavirus infection. a high sensitivity and specificity of the test system was demonstrated, its results were compared with those of electron microscopy, diffuse precipitation test, and rna electrophoresis. out of 201 specimens (fecal filtrates) collected from children ranging in ages from 14 days to 10 years, rotavirus antigen was detected in 68 (33.8%) rna electrophoresis demonstra ... | 1988 | 2835872 |
| enteropathogens, feeding practices and biochemical disturbances in diarrheal dehydration. | | 1987 | 2836310 |
| ultrastructure of outer layer of calf rotavirus. | | 1988 | 2836542 |
| role of vp3 in human rotavirus internalization after target cell attachment via vp7. | a cell lysate prepared from ma104 cells that had been infected with human rotavirus kun strain (hrv-kun) contained a 35-kilodalton protein capable of binding to ma104 cells. the binding of the 35-kilodalton protein was inhibited by a serotype 2-specific antiserum but not by antisera to other serotypes. not only trypsin-treated, infectious hrv-kun but also untreated, noninfectious virions effectively competed with the 35-kilodalton protein for the same cell surface binding sites. one monoclonal a ... | 1988 | 2836605 |
| passive immunity to bovine rotavirus infection associated with transfer of serum antibody into the intestinal lumen. | the effect of circulating passive antibody on immunity to bovine rotavirus infections in neonatal calves was investigated. in the first experiment, rotavirus antibody titers in the small intestinal lumina of 5- and 10-day-old calves with a wide range of serum rotavirus antibody titers were determined. neutralizing antibody was present in the small intestinal lumina in titers that correlated with the calves' serum titers (r = +0.84, p less than 0.01). immunoglobulin g1 was the predominant isotype ... | 1988 | 2836607 |
| effect of different routes of immunization with bovine rotavirus on lactogenic antibody response in mice. | the effect of different routes of immunization with either live or killed bovine rotavirus (brv) on the production of lactogenic antibody response in mice was evaluated. the routes of immunization were intramuscular (im), oral (o) or intradermal in the mammary region (imam). following immunization, serum antibody responses were monitored by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). following whelping, the mice were allowed to stay with their mother until sacrificed on alternate days post-par ... | 1987 | 2837143 |
| [comparison of the latex technic and the elisa technic in research on human rotaviruses in the feces]. | | 1987 | 2837157 |
| isolation and characterization of rotavirus from feral pigeon in mammalian cell cultures. | avian rotaviruses were isolated from feral pigeon faeces treated with trypsin using roller tube cultures of mammalian cells. two pigeon strains, designated as strains po-8 and po-13, produced a marked cytopathic effect (cpe), small intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and high titres of infectious particles in infected ma-104 and mdbk cell lines without cell adaptation and roller drum apparatus. the pigeon rotaviruses shared a common group specific antigen with the lincoln strain of bovine rotaviru ... | 1988 | 2837407 |
| [colitis--recent trends and countermeasures. viral gastroenteritis]. | | 1988 | 2837598 |
| role of enteric adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute enteritis. | the role of enteric-type adenoviruses and rotaviruses in mild and severe acute gastroenteritis was investigated among children younger than 5 years of age seeking treatment at an urban hospital (uh) and at a rural health center (rhc) in india. there were 330 children at the uh and 340 at the rhc; 319 and 315 age matched nondiarrheal children served as controls for the respective groups. rotavirus was detected in 15.2% of 330 cases and 1.9% of 319 controls at the uh (p less than 0.001) and in 16. ... | 1988 | 2837717 |
| isolation of a chicken embryo-lethal rotavirus from a lovebird (agapornis species). | | 1988 | 2837862 |
| nonradioactive labeling of synthetic oligonucleotide probes with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. | synthetic oligonucleotides were tailed at the 3' end using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. nucleotide triphosphates with free primary amines at the end of side chains were compared for their tailing efficiency and/or detection sensitivity, using biotin-11-dutp as a reference. free primary amines were tagged with activated biotin or fluorescein isothiocyanate. the probes were then detected with either streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase complex or anti-fluorescein antibodies and alkaline pho ... | 1988 | 2837921 |
| standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus. | two groups of 3-month old calves were immunized intramuscularly with attenuated bovine rotavirus and boosted 21 and 42 days later. the first group of three calves were vaccinated with live virus emulsified with incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) and the second group was immunized with live virus suspended in phosphate buffered saline (pbs). three other calves, serving as controls, were inoculated with pbs emulsified with ifa. the specific cell-mediated and antibody responses of the animals were ... | 1988 | 2838218 |
| pathogenicity of rotavirus in rabbits. | the role of rotavirus in diarrheal disease of rabbits was investigated, and a model for human rotavirus infection was established. orogastric inoculation of 8- and 12-week-old new zealand white rabbits with a rabbit strain of rotavirus (l:ala:84) resulted in fecal shedding of virus for 6 to 8 days from 2 to 5 days after inoculation. most rabbits exhibited diarrhea, coincident with the onset of viral shedding, which persisted for 2 to 4 days. diarrhea was characterized by soft or fluid stools and ... | 1988 | 2838507 |
| partial characterization of a bovine group a rotavirus with a short genome electropherotype. | a group a rotavirus (id isolate) recovered from a diarrheic beef calf possessed a short genome electropherotype. this short genome electropherotype was a stable characteristic of the id isolate as it remained unchanged through 3 passages in gnotobiotic calves or through 19 passages in ma104 cell cultures. subgroup analysis with monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay established that the isolate was a subgroup 1 rotavirus. neutralization tests demonstrated that this isolate ... | 1988 | 2838513 |
| evaluation of seven immunoassays for detection of rotavirus in pediatric stool samples. | the performance of seven commercially manufactured rotavirus assays was evaluated with 144 pediatric stool specimens and compared with electron microscopy (em) findings. the four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays used were rotazyme ii, pathfinder, idl rotavirus immunoassay, and enzygnost (behring) rotavirus assay. the three latex tests were meritec rotavirus detection test, virogen rotatest, and bartels rotavirus latex test. test outcomes were compared with em on the basis of sensitivity, speci ... | 1988 | 2838516 |
| detection of human rotaviruses which do not react with subgroup i- and ii-specific monoclonal antibodies. | of 126 rotavirus-positive specimens, 7 could not be subgrouped (i or ii). these strains showed a distinct reaction with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a common region on vp6, but they did not react with vp6 subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies although they contained as much viral antigen as the subgrouped strains. | 1988 | 2838518 |
| clinical features associated with enteropathogens causing acute infectious infantile diarrhoea. | | 1988 | 2838650 |
| live viral vaccines for respiratory and enteric tract diseases. | in its programme for accelerated development of vaccines for viral respiratory and enteric tract diseases the who has assigned a very high priority to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses and rotaviruses. there is also some interest in alternative approaches to immunization against influenza viruses because of the failure of inactivated vaccines to provide complete and reasonably durable immunity. current attempts to develop satisfactorily attenuated viruses for use in preven ... | 1988 | 2838984 |
| isolation of two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus from pigs with diarrhea. | two group a rotaviruses (isu-64 and isu-65) with subgroup i antigen were isolated from pigs with diarrhea and were shown by two-way neutralization tests to be two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus. | 1988 | 2839130 |
| cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by single serotype vaccination of cows with rotavirus. | single serotype vaccination of mature cows with nine different strains of bovine, simian and human rotaviruses induced heterotypic milk and serum neutralizing antibodies against two bovine and four human rotavirus serotypes. immunization with single-shelled simian rotavirus sa11 increased milk and serum neutralization titres fivefold over those of control cows, without inducing antibodies to outer shell polypeptides of rotavirus. vaccination with double-shelled sa11 virions also elicited cross-r ... | 1988 | 2839600 |
| two forms of vp7 are involved in assembly of sa11 rotavirus in endoplasmic reticulum. | two pools of the glycoprotein vp7 were detected in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of sa11 rotavirus-infected cells. one portion of the newly synthesized protein with vp3 composed the virus outer capsid, while the rest remained associated with the membrane. the two populations could be separated biochemically by fluorocarbon extraction or by immunological methods which used two classes of antibodies. a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity recognized vp7 only as displayed on intact virus ... | 1988 | 2839712 |
| sequence of the fourth gene of human rotaviruses recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infections. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the fourth gene of symptomatic (wa, ds-1, p, and va70) and asymptomatic (m37, 1076, mcn13, and st3) rotaviruses of serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4 was determined by the dideoxy chain termination method. in each strain, the fourth gene, which encodes the outer capsid protein vp3, is 2,359 base pairs in length and has 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions of 9 and 25 nucleotides, respectively. the gene has a single long open reading frame of 2,325 base pairs that is capable of co ... | 1988 | 2839714 |
| systemic and mucosal immune responses to rhesus rotavirus vaccine mmu 18006. | thirty-four children 3 to 20 months of age ingested either 10(5), 10(4) or 10(3) plaque-forming units of rhesus rotavirus vaccine, mmu 18006, which possesses human rotavirus serotype 3 neutralization antigen. immune responses were evaluated by a plaque reduction neutralization (prn) assay to rotavirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 and by a serum igg, igm and iga and fecal iga class-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. homotypic prn antibody seroconversions to serotype 3 rotavirus were detected in ... | 1988 | 2839813 |
| accuracy of rotavirus diagnosis: modified genome electrophoresis versus electron microscopy. | 530 human faecal samples were examined for the presence of rotavirus by electron microscopy (em) and by a modified electrophoretic analysis of viral genome (page). 516 stools gave identical results by both methods (97.4% agreement). the proportion of em+, page- samples (1/530) was significantly lower than the proportion of em-, page + samples (13/530) (p less than 0.01 with mcnemar test). relative sensitivity was 99.6% for page and 95% for em. false positive results could be excluded for each me ... | 1988 | 2840450 |
| simian rotavirus sa11 segment 11 contains overlapping reading frames. | | 1988 | 2840642 |
| physical, chemical, and serological characterization of avian rotaviruses. | physical, chemical, and serological characterization of rotavirus isolates from turkeys was done. cesium chloride (cscl)-gradient isopycnic centrifugation of infected cell cultures revealed the presence of rotavirus particles of three different densities. they were double-shelled, single-shelled, and core particles. the double-shelled particles had a buoyant density (in cscl) of 1.34 g/cml3, and that of single-shelled particles in cscl was 1.36 g/cm3. the buoyant density of core particles in csc ... | 1988 | 2840878 |
| development of rotavirus vaccines. | | 1988 | 2841241 |
| gastrointestinal viral infections in homosexual men who were symptomatic and seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. | gastrointestinal viruses, predominantly rotaviruses and adenoviruses, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electron microscopy, or cell culture in greater than 50% of two groups of homosexual men with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, who did (54%) or did not (50%) have diarrhea. lower detection rates were observed in hiv-seronegative (15%) and asymptomatic hiv-seropositive (16%) men. in the patients with diarrhea, 95% of the isolates of virus were found in ... | 1988 | 2841379 |
| serotype-specific antibodies to rotavirus in human colostrum and breast milk and in maternal and cord blood. | | 1988 | 2841383 |
| [detection of rotaviruses: comparison of electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reversed passive hemagglutination assay, latex agglutination assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. | | 1988 | 2841515 |
| prevalence of infection with rotavirus and enteric adenoviruses among children in tanzania. | the prevalence of rotavirus and enteric adenoviruses was studied by a latex agglutination test in stool samples from 87 children below 36 months of age admitted to the diarrhoea ward of the national teaching hospital in dar es salaam. rotavirus was detected in 17 (19.5%) of the samples, while enteric adenoviruses were detected in two (2.3%). the relative frequency of rotavirus diarrhoea was significantly lower than that observed in developed countries. further, serum samples from healthy donors, ... | 1988 | 2841626 |
| [prevalence of enteropathogenic agents in the acute diarrheal syndrome in hospitalized and outpatient children]. | | 1987 | 2841726 |
| [discovery of a new rotavirus in the feces of patients with acute diarrhea]. | | 1988 | 2842016 |
| discovery of 50-55 nm minirotavirus particles in feces of nanjing infants with acute gastroenteritis. | | 1988 | 2842117 |
| serial propagation of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) in a continuous cell line and characterization of the passaged virus. | the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) was adapted to serial passage in a continuous monkey kidney cell line (ma104). key factors in its successful adaptation included use of virus passaged in primary porcine kidney cells as the initial inoculum, use of roller tubes, and addition of pancreatin to the maintenance medium. a cell culture immunofluorescence test was used to quantitate the virus at each passage level, since a possible cytopathic effect was obscured by the effe ... | 1988 | 2842368 |
| comparative sensitivities of solid-phase immune electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serotyping of human rotavirus strains with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | suspensions of 24 rotavirus strains, 6 for each known human rotavirus serotype, were serially diluted and titrated by (i) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for rotavirus detection, using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for group-specific sites of the vp6 inner capsid protein; (ii) elisa for subgrouping, using mabs reactive with subgroup-specific determinants of rotavirus vp6; (iii) elisa for serotyping, using mabs directed to serotype-specific sites of the vp7 outer capsid glycopro ... | 1988 | 2842372 |
| identification of two subtypes of serotype 4 human rotavirus by using vp7-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | two distinct subtypes of human rotavirus serotype 4 were identified by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to the major outer capsid glycoprotein, vp7, of strains st3 (subtype 4a) and va70 (subtype 4b). specimens containing serotype 4 rotavirus, obtained from different countries, were examined for subtyping by using solid-phase immune electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and, for cell culture-adapted strains, neutralization assay. all 59 human rotavirus strains i ... | 1988 | 2842373 |
| protective effect of wc3 vaccine against rotavirus diarrhea in infants during a predominantly serotype 1 rotavirus season. | we used a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to study the efficacy of wc3 rotavirus vaccine administered to 104 infants (ages, three to 12 months) before the rotavirus season. forty-nine infants received vaccine; 55 received placebo. rotavirus disease during this season was predominantly caused by a serotype 1 strain. in placebo recipients there were 14 cases of rotavirus diarrhea (attack rate, 25%); 11 were moderate to severe (attack rate, 20%). vaccinees experienced only three cases of rot ... | 1988 | 2842405 |
| seroconversion patterns to four human rotavirus serotypes in hospitalized infants with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. | we studied rotavirus-specific antibodies in paired sera from 71 hospitalized infants with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. most of the infants were less than six months old. infants with serological evidence of a secondary rotavirus infection were excluded. with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 46% of the 71 infants studied showed specific igm in convalescent sera. titers of specific igg and iga increased in 7% and 2% of the infants, respectively. the presence of specific igm correlated pos ... | 1988 | 2842406 |
| terminal fingerprint analysis of group b rotaviruses. | | 1988 | 2842411 |
| development of a lymphocyte transformation assay for rotavirus in whole blood and breast milk. | a multivariate assay was developed for detecting lymphoproliferative responses to rotavirus in whole blood and breast milk. detection of lymphocyte transformation in samples from healthy uninfected adults required an assay incorporating a large number of antigen and cell concentrations and several incubation periods before pulsing. in contrast, lymphoproliferation to rotavirus was observed over a wider range of these variables in blood collected from a kidney recipient nine days post-rotavirus i ... | 1988 | 2842445 |
| systemic lymphoproliferative responses to rotavirus. | in comparison with healthy adults, elderly patients and patients who had received renal transplants had significantly lower lymphoproliferative responses to rotavirus (p = 0.04, p = 0.002, respectively) and phytohaemagglutinin (p = 0.001). however, following acute rotavirus infection, elderly persons mounted good lymphoproliferative and specific antibody responses to rotavirus. no lymphoproliferative response or specific antibody to rotavirus was detected in a child with cartilage hair hypoplasi ... | 1988 | 2842446 |
| synthesis of human rotavirus polypeptides in cell culture. | the replication strategy of a human serotype 1 rotavirus, adapted to rapid growth in cv-1 cells, was investigated. a single cycle growth curve revealed eclipse and latent periods of 3 and 4 hours, respectively. although the extent of reduction of host cell protein synthesis was directly related to the multiplicity of infection of the virus, incorporation of actinomycin d and excess nacl into the medium resulted in significant reduction in host cell background and enabled observation of viral pol ... | 1988 | 2842450 |
| rotavirus in infant-toddler day care centers: epidemiology relevant to disease control strategies. | a 15-month prospective longitudinal study of diarrhea and rotavirus (rv) infection was conducted concurrently in infants and toddlers in day care centers (dccs) and in a large pediatric clinic in houston. the mean number of children in the dccs was 223; the diarrhea rate during the first 12 months was 2.62 episodes per child-year. rotavirus accounted for approximately 10% of the total episodes of diarrhea in the pediatric clinic and dcc populations, but 50% during the winter months. the occurren ... | 1988 | 2842485 |
| hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests with porcine rotavirus. | | 1987 | 2842539 |
| identification of nonspecific reactions in laboratory rodent specimens tested by rotazyme rotavirus elisa. | fecal specimens from several laboratory animal species were tested for rotavirus antigen by rotazyme ii, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that is widely used in human diagnostic studies. fecal samples from rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, dogs, and cats tested negative; whereas those from rats and mice yielded a high proportion of positive results. rats had the highest rate with 82% of the samples being positive. however, the presence of rotavirus in positive rod ... | 1988 | 2842540 |
| [mixed viral-bacterial infections in infants with gastroenteritis]. | fecal specimens from 84 children with gastroenteritis were submitted to virological and bacteriological analysis. enteroviruses other than poliovirus were found in 8.3%, rotavirus in 4.8% and enterobacteria in 1.9% of the investigated subjects. mixed infections were detected in 8.4% of the cases. | 1988 | 2842935 |
| [a method of solid-phase analysis of antigens using staphylococcus aureus as the label]. | a new method of solid-phase analysis of viral antigens in which st. aureus, strain cowan 1, was used as a label is described. the result of analysis is read visually by bacterial agglutination. the degree of agglutination of the staphylococcal diagnosticum corresponds to the amount of the antigen bound with antibodies immobilized on the solid phase. staining of staphylococcus with methylene blue simplifies reading of the results. the method has been shown to be sufficiently simple, specific, sen ... | 1988 | 2842962 |
| characterization of a human rotavirus strain which is possibly a naturally-occurring reassortant virus. | we investigated the antigenic and genetic characters of one of two human rotavirus strains 69m and 57m isolated in indonesia, both of which showed a "super-short" rna electrophoretic pattern (a. hasegawa et al., microbiol. immunol. 28, 719-722, 1984). by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies, one virus, strain 57m, was found to have subgroup ii antigenicity. the cross-reaction of this strain, in a plaque neutralization test, with a serotype 4 strain wa ... | 1988 | 2842969 |
| [data on the epidemiology of rotavirus infection]. | the findings of epidemiological study of rotavirus infections among children in gorki over the period of 1981-1985 are analyzed. the age of the patients is specified, as are the disease seasonal patterns and the incidence rates of its manifest and asymptomatic forms, and of carriership cases among healthy children in different foci of this infection. | 1988 | 2842986 |
| rotavirus vaccination. | | 1988 | 2844015 |
| non-seasonal distribution of rotavirus in barcelona raw sewage. | to ascertain the occurrence of a seasonal distribution of human rotavirus in barcelona raw sewage, surveys of rotavirus levels in wastewater were undertaken in november 1985 and july 1986. a uniform distribution of rotaviruses was found to occur, which is consistent with the reported local frequencies of rotaviral diarrhoea, in contrast with the strict seasonability observed for rotavirus infections in temperate climates. | 1988 | 2844036 |
| incidence of diarrhoea and of rotavirus- and coronavirus-shedding in calves, whose dams had been vaccinated with an experimental oil-adjuvanted vaccine containing bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. | | 1988 | 2844041 |
| immune response of pregnant heifers and cows to bovine rotavirus inoculation and passive protection to rotavirus infection in newborn calves fed colostral antibodies or colostral lymphocytes. | the efficacy of an adjuvanted bovine rotavirus vaccine in pregnant cattle (15 heifers and 2 cows) was studied. each of 4 animals was inoculated im at 8, 5, and 2 weeks before parturition with a water-in-oil emulsion containing live purified bovine rotavirus, mineral oil, and a mannide oleate compound. four other animals were treated identically, except that muramyl dipeptide was added to the virus preparation. five additional animals were inoculated orally at the same time intervals with adjuvan ... | 1988 | 2844107 |
| single and mixed infections of neonatal pigs with rotaviruses and enteroviruses: virological studies. | three rotaviruses and three enteroviruses were isolated from pigs with diarrhea. the three enteroviruses and one of the rotaviruses were recovered from pigs infected with both viruses. separation of rotaviruses and enteroviruses from tissues containing both viruses was effected by pancreatin treatment, terminal dilution, and inoculation onto different cell lines. the three rotaviruses were group a serotype 1, and the enteroviruses were serotypes 2, 3 and 7. cell culture preparations of these six ... | 1988 | 2844377 |
| single and mixed infections of neonatal pigs with rotaviruses and enteroviruses: clinical signs and microscopic lesions. | neonatal colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated with cell-culture preparations of three rotaviruses and three enteroviruses, singly or in combination. the three enteroviruses established intestinal and systemic infection but did not induce diarrhea or intestinal lesions. the three rotaviruses produced severe enteric disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration and death. villi were severely stunted. all three isolates were equally virulent. inoculation with three different rota ... | 1988 | 2844378 |
| investigation of human stool samples from the cape verde islands (district santa cruz/santiago). | based on the rate of occurrence of diseases associated with diarrhoea, stool samples were also investigated; parasitologically, using the mifc-enrichment method for intestinal parasites; serologically, using elisa for rotavirus and bacteriologically for shigella and salmonella on the cape verde islands. 90% of the samples came from children aged between 6 and 14 years. entamoeba histolytica, the causal agent of amoebic dysentery was demonstrated in 17.4%, lamblia intestinalis in 28.7% and rotavi ... | 1988 | 2844628 |
| development of neutralizing antibodies and group a common antibodies against natural infections with human rotavirus. | we determined the levels of group a common and neutralizing antibodies against human rotavirus in paired serum specimens obtained from 38 infants within 12 days of the onset of diarrhea. thirty of the infants excreted rotavirus in stools, and eight did not. nine patients (30%) with rotavirus diarrhea and seven patients (88%) with diarrhea due to other causes had detectable levels (greater than or equal to 1: 80) of immunoglobulin (igg) common antibodies in acute-phase sera. all the patients with ... | 1988 | 2844845 |
| rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and nonporous inanimate surfaces. | we tested the survival of the wa strain of human rotavirus on the hands of volunteers and also studied infectious virus transfer between animate and inanimate (stainless steel disks) surfaces. the virus was diluted in a 10% suspension of feces, and 10 microliters (1 x 10(3) to 4 x 10(4) pfu) was placed on each of the four fingerpads of the left hand. one milliliter of 20% tryptose phosphate broth in earle balanced salt solution was used for virus elution from each fingerpad, and the hands were d ... | 1988 | 2844846 |
| two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis: evidence for symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfections. | in two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis that occurred in a kibbutz in southern israel (the negev), 32 persons (9% of the population) were ill in the first and 45 (13% of the population) in the second. excretion of virus, changes in titers of rotavirus-specific serum igg, or both implicated rotavirus in 72% of the illnesses in outbreak 1 and in 56% of the illnesses in outbreak 2. in both outbreaks the age-specific morbidity rate decreased with increasing age. half (six of 12) of ... | 1988 | 2844919 |
| myristylation of rotavirus proteins. | after labelling with [3h]myristic acid during replication the structural proteins vp6 and vp2 of purified rotavirus particles were found to be myristylated in an amide bond. [3h]palmitic acid was converted to myristic acid before bonding to the viral proteins. possible functions of rotavirus protein myristylation are discussed. | 1988 | 2844975 |
| use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and analysis of viral rna in the detection of unusual group a human rotaviruses. | immuno-enzymatic assay employing monoclonal antibodies and viral rna analysis by gel electrophoresis were used to classify human group a rotaviruses (hrv) into subgroups i and ii. of 249 fecal samples positive for group a rotaviruses, 29 (11%) belonged to subgroup i and 215 (85%) were identified as subgroup ii. two samples (ro-302 and ro-500) contained mixed infections of the two subgroups. three isolates belonged to neither one of the two subgroups, but they did not yield enough viral rna to al ... | 1988 | 2844982 |
| comparative analysis of the vp3 gene of divergent strains of the rotaviruses simian sa11 and bovine nebraska calf diarrhea virus. | the gene encoding outer capsid protein vp3 of subpopulations of two animal rotaviruses, simian sa11 and nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv), was analyzed. two laboratory strains of simian sa11 rotavirus (sa11-sem and sa11-fem) differed with respect to vp3. this dimorphism was indicated by a difference in electrophoretic mobility and a difference in reactivity with anti-vp3 monoclonal antibodies. the overall vp3 amino acid homology between the two sa11 vp3 proteins was 82.7%, whereas the vp3 prot ... | 1988 | 2845121 |
| a synthetic peptide corresponding to the cleavage region of vp3 from rotavirus sa11 induces neutralizing antibodies. | antibodies were elicited in rabbits by immunization with the synthetic tetradecapeptide gln-asn-thr-arg-asn-ile-val-pro-val-ser-ile-val-ser-arg, corresponding to amino acids 228 to 241 of sa11-vp3. protein specificity of the antipeptide serum is demonstrated. the antipeptide serum revealed neutralizing activity directed against sa11 in a neutralization assay. human rotavirus strains wa, s2, and hochi and bovine strains ncdv and uk were not neutralized, demonstrating the strain-specific neutraliz ... | 1988 | 2845138 |