| development of the photoreceptor outer segment-like cilia of the csf-contacting pinealocytes of the ferret (putorius furo). | the postnatal development of the pineal organ of the ferret (putorius furo) was investigated electron-microscopically with special interest given to the cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-contacting pinealocytes and their large, vesiculated cilia. in the pineal of the newborn ferrets, there is a lumen--a pineal ventricle--which is a diverticle of the third ventricle of the diencephalon. the luminal surface of the pineal is bordered by ependymal cells and csf-contacting pinealocytes. a sensory, 9 x 2 + 0 ... | 1993 | 8129982 |
| a vascular hypersensitivity model of acute multifocal gastrointestinal infarction. | we have investigated the hypothesis that submucosal vasculitis may account for the patchy transmural inflammation observed in crohn's disease. test ferrets (n = 11) were sensitized to human albumin. five days after the last sensitization injection, human albumin microspheres (15-150 microns diameter) were injected intraarterially into the mesenteric circulation of a defined loop of mid-gut. six control ferrets showed no histological abnormality at either 48 hr or two weeks after intraarterial in ... | 1994 | 8131689 |
| mechanism of the diastolic dysfunction induced by glycolytic inhibition. does adenosine triphosphate derived from glycolysis play a favored role in cellular ca2+ homeostasis in ferret myocardium? | several lines of evidence indicate that glycolysis is especially important for normal diastolic relaxation and for the maintenance of cellular ion homeostasis in myocardium. to elucidate whether the glycolytic flux of atp contributes to diastolic tone and to the regulation of intracellular ca2+, myocardial content of sugar phosphates ([sp]) and intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) were measured in isolated, perfused ferret hearts using nuclear magnetic resonance. glucose and acetate were u ... | 1994 | 8132761 |
| sodium/calcium exchange modulates intracellular calcium overload during posthypoxic reoxygenation in mammalian working myocardium. evidence from aequorin-loaded ferret ventricular muscles. | we tested the hypothesis that the intracellular ca2+ overload of ventricular myocardium during the period of posthypoxic reoxygenation is mediated by transsarcolemmal ca2+ influx via na+/ca2+ exchange. in aequorin-loaded, ferret right ventricular papillary muscles, blockers of the sarcolemmal and the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca2+ channels, slowed the cai2+ transient, producing a convex ascent during membrane depolarization, followed by a concave descent during repolarization. the magnitude of the ... | 1994 | 8132766 |
| an influenza a (h1n1) virus, closely related to swine influenza virus, responsible for a fatal case of human influenza. | in july 1991, an influenza a virus, designated a/maryland/12/91 (a/md), was isolated from the bronchial secretions of a 27-year-old animal caretaker. he had been admitted to the hospital with bilateral pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 13 days later. antigenic analyses with postinfection ferret antisera and monoclonal antibodies to recent h1 swine hemagglutinins indicated that the hemagglutinin of this virus was antigenically related to, but distinguishable from, those of ... | 1994 | 8138990 |
| intracellular ph recovery during respiratory acidosis in perfused hearts. | na(+)-h+ exchange and na(+)-dependent hco3- influx both contribute to recovery of intracellular ph (phi) after an acidosis induced by using the nh4cl prepulse technique in mammalian and avian cardiac tissue. we have investigated the relative contributions of these mechanisms to phi recovery during respiratory acidosis in the langendorff-perfused ferret heart with and without correction of extracellular ph (pho). phi was measured from the chemical shift of the exogenous 31p nuclear magnetic reson ... | 1994 | 8141263 |
| estimation of glomerular filtration rate and evaluation of renal function in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | three methods of determining glomerular filtration rate (gfr) were performed in adult ferrets, 9 months to 7 years old. endogenous creatinine clearance was determined, using serum and urine creatinine values obtained during 24- and 48-hour collection periods from 27 ferrets housed in metabolic cages. creatinine and radiolabeled inulin were administered to 12 female ferrets by constant iv infusion during isoflurane-induced anesthesia. serial 20-minute urine collections, together with serum sample ... | 1994 | 8141491 |
| series coupled non-contractile elements are functionally unimportant in the isolated heart. | in order to evaluate possible artefact in interpretations of contractile behaviour in isolated heart experiments, the relative elastances of series coupled non-contractile and contractile components of the left ventricle of the isolated heart were evaluated. | 1994 | 8143307 |
| relationship between intracellular ph and metabolite concentrations during metabolic inhibition in isolated ferret heart. | 1. intracellular ph (phi) and phosphorus metabolites were measured in isolated ferret hearts with 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). 2. the application of cyanide (to mimic hypoxia) produced a fall of the concentration of phosphocreatine ([pcr]) and a rise of those of inorganic phosphate ([pi]) and sugar phosphates. these were accompanied by an intracellular acidosis. 3. if glycolysis was partly inhibited by prior exposure to a glucose-free solution then the application of cyanide also produc ... | 1993 | 8145137 |
| the role of na(+)-ca2+ exchange in paired pulse potentiation of ferret ventricular muscle. | 1. stimulation of cardiac muscle with pairs of stimuli ('paired pulse stimulation') results in a large inotropic effect and experiments have been carried out on ferret ventricular muscle to investigate the underlying mechanism. 2. aequorin was used to measure sarcoplasmic ca2+ in papillary muscles. during paired pulse stimulation the first aequorin light transient (i.e. ca2+ transient) and contraction of the pair increased in amplitude, whereas the second aequorin light transient and contraction ... | 1993 | 8145152 |
| comparison of influenza serological techniques by international collaborative study. | an international collaborative study was performed to investigate the reproducibility of influenza serological techniques. participants in seven laboratories representing five countries measured antibody to a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2), a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) and b/beijing/1/87 influenza viruses in 11 human sera and three postinfection ferret sera. two different serological techniques were used, haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and single-radial haemolysis (srh) and, although each technique was reproduc ... | 1994 | 8147099 |
| myocardial infarction and purine transport inhibition in anaesthetised ferrets. | the potential cytoprotective effect of the purine transport inhibitor s-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (nbti) in a model of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion was investigated in the anaesthetised ferret. the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was occluded for 90 min, producing ischaemia in 53 +/- 3% of the left ventricular free wall, followed by 240 min reperfusion. nbti (0.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) was given prior to ischaemia or prior to reperfusion. in addition the effect of purine trans ... | 1994 | 8149993 |
| high concentrations of vitamin a esters circulate primarily as retinyl stearate and are stored primarily as retinyl palmitate in ferret tissues. | objective and methodology: we determined the kinds and amounts of vitamin a compounds (retinol and various retinyl esters) circulating in serum and stored in liver and other selected tissues of ferrets, using high-performance liquid chromatography. results: the concentration of total retinyl esters in serum (43 +/- 1 mumol/l, mean +/- sem) was 25 times greater than that of retinol (1.7 +/- 0.2 mumol/l). in serum, 56% of retinyl esters was retinyl stearate, 33% was retinyl palmitate, and 5% was r ... | 1994 | 8157860 |
| developmental changes in electrophysiological properties of lgnd neurons during reorganization of retinogeniculate connections. | changes in electrophysiological properties of neurons in the ferret dorsal lgn (lgnd) were studied during early postnatal life, a critical developmental period when changes occur in morphology, connectivity, and response properties of lgnd neurons. using the patch-clamp technique to obtain whole-cell recordings from cells maintained as in vitro slices of thalamus, several distinctive properties were observed in the immature lgnd. relatively low resting membrane potentials were present that becam ... | 1994 | 8158259 |
| early migration and development of dirofilaria immitis in the ferret, mustela putorius furo. | twenty-four female ferrets, approximately 4 mo of age, were subcutaneously inoculated with 60 infective larvae of dirofilaria immitis to determine migration and development of the worms until they became young adults in the heart and associated vessels. twelve groups of 2 ferrets each were examined at 3, 5, 11, 15, 21, 49, 56, 63, 70, 91, 119, and 140 days postinoculation, respectively, to recover worms. total worm recovery from each ferret varied from 1.6 to 79.3%. worms were found mostly in su ... | 1994 | 8158467 |
| cataracts in a laboratory colony of ferrets. | cataracts were found by use of slit-lamp biomicroscopy in two genetically unrelated ferret populations (a and b). when they were initially examined at the age of 11 to 12 months, 34 of 73 ferrets (46.6%) in population a had lens opacities, which could be categorized into one of three groups. group-1 ferrets (n = 25) manifested a continuum of lens changes ranging from fine, multifocal, punctate opacification of the superficial posterior lens cortex (n = 3), to changes in both the anterior and pos ... | 1993 | 8158980 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal badger anti-immunoglobulin g and its use in defining the specificity of mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers by western blot. | a mouse monoclonal anti-badger igg antibody was produced to investigate the specificity of the antibody response of badgers infected with mycobacterium bovis. the monoclonal antibody generated was directed against badger igg heavy chain and appeared to be species restricted, reacting only with badger and dog iggs but not cat, rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, bovine or ferret iggs. this monoclonal antibody detection system functioned well in both elisa and western blot analyses and was successfully use ... | 1994 | 8160362 |
| cardiac hypertrophy in the ferret increases expression of the na(+)-k(+)-atpase alpha 1- but not alpha 3-isoform. | work overload alters expression of the na(+)-k(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (atpase) multigene family in the myocardium. however, due to lack of an appropriate animal model, very little is known regarding regulation of the alpha 3-isoform. we previously reported that adult ferret myocardium expresses the alpha 1- and alpha 3-isoforms of na(+)-k(+)-atpase. in the current study we examined the relative abundances of these isoforms in a recently developed ferret model of pressure-overload cardiac hyp ... | 1994 | 8160826 |
| panic in children and adolescents: a review. | based on our review of the available data, we conclude that panic attacks are common among adolescents, while both panic attacks and panic disorder appear to be present, but less frequent, in children. furthermore, it is evident that both adolescents and children who report panic attacks describe the occurrence of cognitive symptoms, although with less frequency than physiological ones. consistent with the cognitive model of panic, it seems that at least some youngsters are capable of experienci ... | 1994 | 8163625 |
| adverse drug reactions: report of the australian veterinary association adverse drug reaction subcommittee, 1993. | fifty-nine reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (adrs) were received by the adverse drug reaction subcommittee of the australian veterinary association from april 1992-march 1993 inclusive. the number of reports received/number of animals involved per species was: dogs (30/43); cats (11/14); horses (8/10); cattle (9/30); ferret (1/1). of these, 37 (63%) were classified as definite adrs and 12 (20%) as probable adrs. in 10 (17%) reports an adr could not be substantiated or there was insuff ... | 1994 | 8166616 |
| conserved sequence homology of cysteine-rich regions in genes encoding glycoprotein a in pneumocystis carinii derived from different host species. | pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a (gpa) exhibits host species-specific phenotypic and genotypic variation. despite this heterogeneity, the gpas of p. carinii isolated from different host species appear to be homologous molecules sharing certain biochemical and antigenic characteristics. using two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved cysteine regions from ferret and rat p. carinii gpas, a pcr product of approximately 300 bp was amplified from ferret, ra ... | 1994 | 8168913 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a major ring-forming surface protein from the gastric pathogen helicobacter mustelae. | the spiral microaerophilic bacterium helicobacter mustelae is linked to gastritis and gastric ulcers in ferrets. electron microscopy of h. mustelae showed the presence of a laterally extensive array of 8.5-nm-diameter rings on the cell surface, which was shown to be composed of a 150kda protein. this protein was purified, and the sequence of 10 amino-terminal residues was determined. polyclonal antibody against the purified 150 kda protein labelled the ring structures on the homologous strain by ... | 1994 | 8170397 |
| monaural and binaural spectrum level cues in the ferret: acoustics and the neural representation of auditory space. | 1. the role of the structures of the outer ear in producing monaural and binaural spectral cues to sound location was examined acoustically in the ferret. a probe microphone was introduced across the wall of the external auditory canal and its responses to digitally constructed wideband signals were recorded for a large number of free field locations. 2. in the intact animal the patterns of both monaural and binaural cues were asymmetrical for horizontal locations about the interaural axis. for ... | 1994 | 8176440 |
| odontoblast stimulation in ferrets by dentine matrix components. | the possible effects of isolated dentine matrix components on odontoblast secretory activity were investigated in vivo by implantation of lyophilized fractions of these components into cavities prepared in ferret canine teeth. after implantations as short as 14 days there was significant deposition of reactionary dentine by the odontoblasts beneath the cavity and this response increased in a non-linear manner with time of implantation. in contrast, control cavities lacking the dentine matrix com ... | 1994 | 8179504 |
| previous beat contraction history alters mechanical restitution in the isolated left ventricle. | the aim was to test directly the hypothesis that the magnitude of previous beat contraction history will be greatest for short pulse intervals, will become smaller as pulse interval is lengthened, and will vanish when pulse interval is long enough to allow complete restitution. | 1994 | 8181043 |
| regulation of intracellular calcium in cardiac muscle. | we have investigated the regulation of intracellular free calcium in heart muscle using the free acid form of the ca2+ indicator fura-2 iontophoretically microinjected into rat cardiac trabeculae or ferret papillary muscles. this method shows great promise in elucidating a number of crucial questions in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. | 1993 | 8184768 |
| fos expression in ferret dorsal vagal complex after peripheral emetic stimuli. | the aim of this study was to investigate neuronal activation in the dorsal vagal complex of the halothane-anesthetized ferret after peripheral emetic stimuli. neuronal activity was studied by examining the distribution of the nuclear phosphoprotein fos using immunohistochemistry. the emetic stimuli used were electrical stimulation of the supradiaphragmatic vagal communicating branch (svcb) or intraduodenal injection of hypertonic saline. electrical stimulation of the svcb induced the densest fos ... | 1994 | 8184953 |
| cck-8 contracts the gallbladder and colon through different mechanisms in the ferret. | | 1994 | 8185202 |
| expression of a keratin sulfate proteoglycan during development of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the ferret. | abakan is a keratin sulfate proteoglycan that was identified in rat brain by monoclonal antibody ted15 (geisert et al. [1992] brain res. 571:165-168). it blocks neuronal attachment and neurite outgrowth in culture, is associated with astrocytes, and marks the boundaries of areas in the developing rat brain (geisert and bidanset [1993] dev. brain res., 75:163-173). in the present study ted15 was used to examine the distribution of abakan during laminar development of the dorsal lateral geniculate ... | 1994 | 8188855 |
| magnetic stimulation of ferret papillary muscle. | 1. ferret papillary muscles were magnetically stimulated by the discharge of a capacitor through an inductance. 2. an induced current density of 39 ma cm-2 averaged over 280 microseconds (= 11 microc cm-2) corresponded to threshold. 3. a short galvanic current pulse was found to have a comparable charge threshold. 4. the time-varying magnetic field or the magnetically induced electrical field did not result in excitation unless current was allowed to flow. 5. threshold conditions could be reache ... | 1994 | 8189389 |
| mechanical and electrophysiological effects of milrinone on the force-frequency relationship in mammalian myocardium. | isometric force, action potential and current-voltage relation were studied in guinea-pig and ferret papillary muscles. milrinone (1 microm) increased peak twitch force by 40 +/- 4%, reduced time to peak tension (tpt) by 12.1 +/- 3% (n = 6, p < 0.01) and reduced time to half relaxation by 17.3 +/- 4.1% (n = 6, p < 0.01). the effect of milrinone was potentiated by rolipram, a ri-pde inhibitor which in itself had no inotropic effect. after the addition of rolipram peak isometric force was increase ... | 1994 | 8191891 |
| effect of simultaneous administration of cold-adapted and wild-type influenza a viruses on experimental wild-type influenza infection in humans. | on the basis of the ability of the attenuated cold-adapted strain of influenza a virus to suppress disease production in ferrets simultaneously infected with epidemic influenza virus (p. whitaker-dowling, h.f. maassab, and j.s. youngner, j. infect. dis. 164:1200-1202, 1991), an evaluation of the ability of the cold-adapted virus to modify clinical disease in humans was made. adult volunteers with prechallenge serum hemagglutination-inhibition titers to the influenza a/kawasaki/86 (h1n1) virus of ... | 1994 | 8195389 |
| clinical and histological evaluation of ligature-induced periodontitis in the domestic ferret. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histological characteristics of ligature induced periodontitis in 12 domestic ferrets. on day 0, silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of selected experimental teeth. the contralateral teeth served as control teeth. on day 14, 4 animals and on day 28, 8 animals were sacrificed. clinical measurements including gingival index (gi), probing pocket depth (ppd) and probing attachment level (pal) were taken in 5 animals on days 0 ... | 1994 | 8195438 |
| clinical and histological evaluation of ligature-induced periodontal breakdown in domestic ferrets immunosuppressed by cyclosporin-a. | the aim of this study was to evaluate, clinically and histologically, the effect of cyclosporin-a (cya) on the progression of the periodontal breakdown in the domestic ferret, using the ligature induced periodontitis model. at the start of the experiment (day 0), silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of experimental teeth. the contralateral teeth served as non-ligated control teeth. clinical measurements included gingival index, probing pocket depth (ppd), probing attachment le ... | 1994 | 8195439 |
| birthdates of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the ferret. | the present study determined the temporal and spatial patterns of genesis for neurons of different sizes in the retinal ganglion cell layer of the ferret. fetal ferrets were exposed to tritiated thymidine on embryonic days e-22 through e-36. one to 3 months after birth, they were perfused and their retinae dissected, and autoradiographs were prepared from resin-embedded sections throughout the entire flattened retinal ganglion cell layer. soma size differences in conjunction with separate retrog ... | 1994 | 8201024 |
| sound localization after unilateral lesions of inferior colliculus in the ferret (mustela putorius). | 1. the ability of ferrets to localize sounds in space was determined before and after large unilateral lesions of the inferior colliculus. three animals sustained restricted lesions that destroyed the inferior colliculus caudally but spared some tissue rostrally. these restricted lesions did not extend substantially beyond the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the inferior colliculus. four animals received more extensive lesions that destroyed all of the inferior colliculus, including the rostral ... | 1994 | 8201403 |
| binaural organization of primary auditory cortex in the ferret (mustela putorius). | 1. the distribution of binaural responses within the ferret's primary auditory cortex was determined by standard microelectrode mapping techniques. single and multiple unit responses were recorded from the middle ectosylvian gyrus of barbiturate-anesthetized animals with tungsten microelectrodes (1.2-1.8 m omega) inserted into the brain perpendicular to the cortical surface. the characteristic frequency (cf) and binaural response characteristics were determined for each point sampled. 2. gated p ... | 1994 | 8201431 |
| vip antagonists enhance excitatory cholinergic neurotransmission in the human airway. | it has been reported that a low concentration of exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) suppresses the release of acetylcholine (ach) from vagus nerve terminals in the ferret and feline trachea. there has been, however, no documentation of the prejunctional action of vip in the human airway. we observed the effects of vip and vip antagonists on cholinergic excitatory neuro-effector transmission in the human bronchus to study the possible role of endogenous vip on excitatory neur ... | 1994 | 8201830 |
| iniencephaly and other neural tube defects in a litter of ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | | 1994 | 8203094 |
| [ferret husbandry]. | in order to give an assistance in the critical examination of the husbandry of ferrets a survey is given on the methods of keeping these animals as helpers for hunting, as house pets or as laboratory animals. the special claims of ferrets considering their care and housing are described. | 1994 | 8205960 |
| neuronal coupling in the developing mammalian retina. | during the first 3 weeks of postnatal development in the ferret retina, cells in the ganglion cell layer spontaneously generate waves of electrical activity that travel across the retina in the absence of mature photoreceptors (meister et al., 1991; wong et al., 1993). since few chemical synapses are present at the earliest stages when waves are present, we have explored whether gap junctions could act to correlate the activity of cells in the immature ganglion cell layer. retinal ganglion cells ... | 1994 | 8207489 |
| mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) absorb beta-carotene intact from a test meal. | because a yellow color has been observed in the fat pads of mongolian gerbils fed a nonpurified diet, we designed the current study to determine whether adult male gerbils would absorb beta-carotene intact from a test meal. thirty-five gerbils (80-90 g) were adapted to the laboratory and fed a standard purified diet free of beta-carotene for 16-19 d. gerbils were then fed a test meal consisting of 279 nmol of beta-carotene as 10% water-soluble beadlets suspended in 0.5 ml of ensure. gerbils (n = ... | 1994 | 8207544 |
| subepidermal vesiculobullous filarial dermatitis in free-ranging american badgers (taxidea taxus). | skin and superficial lymph nodes from the 65 juvenile (< 1 year old) and adult free-ranging american badgers (taxidea taxus) of both sexes that were killed from late july to late october 1991 as part of the recovery program for the endangered black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) were examined for evidence of filaria taxideae. fifty-one badgers (51/64, 80%) were infected. both adult badgers (30/32, 94%) and juvenile badgers (21/32, 67%) were infected by adult filarial worms, which occurred most ... | 1993 | 8212456 |
| efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against a/equine/jilin/89 (h3n8)--a new equine influenza virus. | a new h3n8 equine influenza virus [a/equine/jilin/1/89 (eq/jilin)] appeared in northeastern china in 1989 and caused high mortality in horses; the available evidence indicates that it has not yet spread outside this region of the world. serological analysis with postinfection ferret sera in haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests confirmed that eq/jilin is antigenically distinct from h3n8 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1963 and 1991 and also showed that a current equine influenza viru ... | 1993 | 8212831 |
| the immunotargeting approach to adjuvant-independent immunization with influenza haemagglutinin. | by conjugating the bromelain fragment of the influenza virus haemagglutinin (bha) to a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for a species-crossreactive, framework determinant on class ii major histocompatibility complex molecules, the adjuvant-independent immunotargeting approach could be compared with more conventional immunizations involving freund's complete adjuvant (fca) and alum, in different species. both rabbits and ferrets made significant virus-blocking igg responses to the immunotargete ... | 1993 | 8212832 |
| plasticity in the gastric inhibitory innervation after immunization against vip and vagotomy in the ferret. | changes in gastric corpus tone have been characterized during two procedures that compromise the major inhibitory innervation of the stomach: immunoneutralization of endogenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and chronic vagotomy. after both procedures, there was a small but significant increase in intracorpus pressure generated during ramp increases in volume compared with sham immunized controls but not when the procedures were combined in vagotomized immunized animals. adaptation in t ... | 1993 | 8214064 |
| benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia attributed to topical application of the anesthetic in several laboratory animal species. | in a screening study, a common benzocaine-containing anesthetic was topically applied to the following species: dogs (n = 11), domestic shorthair cats (n = 38), long-evans rats (n = 22), sprague-dawley rats (n = 11), ferrets (n = 6), rhesus monkeys (n = 10), cynomolgus monkeys (n = 10), owl monkeys (n = 10), new zealand white rabbits (n = 18), miniature pigs (n = 9), icr mice (n = 4), c3h mice (n = 4), and c57bl/10snj mice (n = 24). all animals, except mice and rats, received a 2-second spray to ... | 1993 | 8214904 |
| the re-establishment of the representation of the dorso-ventral retinal axis in the chiasmatic region of the ferret. | this study has examined the representation of the dorso-ventral retinal axis in the optic nerve and tract of the ferret, as well as the associated fiber transformations which take place within the chiasmatic region. in one series of experiments, dorsal or ventral retinal lesions were made to induce fiber degeneration along the pathway, from which semi-thin sections were then stained for degenerating myelin. in a second series, implants of the carbocyanine dye, dii, were made into the caudo-media ... | 1993 | 8217945 |
| bilateral control of the orbicularis oculi muscle by one cerebellar hemisphere in the ferret. | reports that lesions of the anterior interpositus nucleus in the cerebellum or of the cerebellar cortex abolish classically conditioned eyeblink responses were originally taken to indicate that the cerebellum is the locus of learning. this interpretation has recently been questioned by reports that conditioned responses may recover after ipsilateral cerebellar lesions. it cannot be excluded, however, that the recovered responses were produced by the intact contralateral hemisphere. in order to d ... | 1993 | 8219039 |
| interleukin-1 beta modulates myocardial contraction via dexamethasone sensitive production of nitric oxide. | nitric oxide released by a calcium dependent constitutive no synthase in endocardial endothelial cells exerts characteristic effects on myocardial contraction. interleukin 1 beta (il-1) induces the expression of a different calcium independent no synthase in several tissues. activity of the latter enzyme has recently been identified in cardiac myocytes but its functional effects are unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of il-1 on contraction of isolated ferret papillary ... | 1993 | 8221802 |
| effects of cyclopiazonic acid on ca(2+)-activated tension production in skinned skeletal muscle fibres of the ferret. | the effect of cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase, was investigated on force generation by the contractile apparatus in triton-skinned fibres from extensor digitorum longus and soleus. concentrations of cyclopiazonic acid lower than 10 microm were without effect on ca(2+)-activated tension in both types of muscles. in contrast, in soleus, cyclopiazonic acid (20, 50, 100 microm) was found to shift reversibly the relation-tension pca (-log[ca2+]) towards lower ... | 1993 | 8223923 |
| the effects of different antiemetic agents on morphine-induced emesis in ferrets. | there is interest in the development of antiemetics other than dopamine receptor antagonists for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. a ferret model of morphine-induced emesis may have wider application in evaluating newer agents than the apomorphine dog model. this study describes the conditions for morphine-induced emesis in ferrets and evaluates five antiemetics that are prototypical of three different mechanisms. the average numbers of vomiting and retching episodes induced by ... | 1993 | 8223924 |
| effects of oxygen tension and glucose concentration on ischemic injury in ventilated ferret lungs. | in the ventilated ischemic lung, oxygen tension will increase at a time when glucose depletion may impair antioxidant defenses, thereby predisposing the lung to injury mediated by oxygen radicals. in the unventilated ischemic lung, however, glucose depletion in the setting of low oxygen tension may decrease production of atp, leading to injury by a different mechanism. in this study, we evaluated the role of both oxygen tension and glucose concentration on ischemic injury in isolated ferret lung ... | 1993 | 8226535 |
| effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on discharge of vagal mucosal afferent fibres from the upper gastrointestinal tract of the ferret. | this study was undertaken to determine the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on vagal mucosal afferent endings and how this may relate to their sensitivity to other stimuli. single afferent fibres with receptive fields in the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract were recorded from the cervical vagus of urethane anaesthetized ferrets. the selection criteria included failure to respond to luminal distension (i.e., vagal tension receptors were excluded). all fibres tested responded to muc ... | 1993 | 8227963 |
| effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on the discharge of vagal mechanoreceptors and motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract of the ferret. | this study was undertaken to investigate the sensitivity of vagal mechanoreceptor afferent fibres from the stomach and small intestine to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht, 10 and 50 micrograms), and to relate this to motor activity. the discharge of single afferent fibres was recorded from the cervical vagus of urethane anaesthetized ferrets. these had receptive fields in the corpus (15 fibres), antrum (11 fibres), duodenum (3 fibres) or jejunum (1 fibre), and their discharge was excited by distension ... | 1993 | 8227964 |
| negative lusitropy and abnormal calcium handling in hypoxic cardiac myocytes exposed to the calcium-sensitizer emd 53998. | positive inotropic agents that increase the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium have recently been described (kitada et al., 1987; cottney et al., 1990; ferroni et al., 1991; lee and allen, 1991; beier et al., 1992). these drugs appear to augment contractility independently of camp or calcium, and thus may have fewer of the adverse side effects seen with other currently available agents (katz, 1986; packer 1989). the clinical utility of "calcium-sensitizers" has been questioned on the theoret ... | 1993 | 8230239 |
| enteric coccidiosis in a ferret. | | 1993 | 8231097 |
| pronounced direct inhibitory action mediated by adenosine a1 receptor and pertussis toxin-sensitive g protein on the ferret ventricular contraction. | an adenosine a1 receptor agonist r-n6-phenylisopropyladenosine (r-pia) elicited a pronounced negative inotropic effect with the ec50 value of 0.69 mumol/l in the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent bupranolol (0.3 mumol/l) in the isolated ferret papillary muscle. the negative inotropic effect of r-pia was not associated with changes in cyclic amp level. adenosine and other a1 receptor agonists also elicited a negative inotropic effect. dpcpx (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine) antag ... | 1993 | 8232606 |
| functional consequences of neonatal unilateral cochlear removal. | the physiological consequences of unilateral cochlear removal in infancy were assessed by recording the responses of neurones in the ferret inferior colliculus and superior colliculus to acoustic stimulation of the intact ear. animals were lesioned between postnatal days p5 and p40 and survived for at least a year prior to recording. in the inferior colliculus ipsilateral to the intact ear, neurones had lower thresholds and wider dynamic ranges following earlier (p5) than following later (p40, a ... | 1993 | 8234738 |
| myocardial salvage efficacy of a thromboxane receptor antagonist, sq, 30,741, in relation to inhibition ex vivo of platelet function in the ferret. | the myocardial salvage efficacy of a thromboxane a2/prostaglandin endoperoxide (tp) receptor antagonist has not been previously determined in a ferret model of ischemia and reperfusion. assessments of the reproducibility of infarct size resulting from a 90 min period of occlusion followed by 5 hr of reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in saline-treated control ferrets revealed a consistent mean level of tissue damage representing 23.1 +/- 1.4% of the left ventricle. in su ... | 1993 | 8234831 |
| aleutian disease in the ferret. | | 1993 | 8236711 |
| relative roles of intracellular ca2+ and ph in shaping myocardial contractile response to acute respiratory alkalosis. | during acute respiratory alkalosis, myocardial contractility initially increases but then declines toward control levels. to elucidate the mechanism of this response, two parallel strategies were adopted: isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure (dp) and intracellular ph (phi) were measured in isolated ferret hearts using 31p-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and isometric developed tension (dt) and intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) were measured in ferret papillary muscles ... | 1993 | 8238582 |
| transient period of correlated bursting activity during development of the mammalian retina. | the refinement of early connections in the visual pathway requires electrical activity in the retina before the onset of vision. using a multielectrode array, we have shown that the spontaneous activity of cells in the neonatal ferret retina is correlated by patterns of periodically generated traveling waves. here, we examine developmental changes in the characteristics of the waves and show that retinal ganglion cells participate in these patterns of activity, which are seen during the same per ... | 1993 | 8240814 |
| alterations in intracellular calcium and tension of activated ferret papillary muscle in response to step length changes. | 1. to study the effects of mechanical constraints on the calcium (ca2+) affinity of cardiac troponin c, we analysed the tension and aequorin light (al, intracellular ca2+) transients in response to a step length change in aequorin-injected ferret right ventricular papillary muscles. the muscle preparations were continuously activated with ouabain (10(-4) m) (ouabain contracture) or with high frequency stimuli in the presence of ryanodine (5 microm) (tetanic contraction). 2. the tension transient ... | 1993 | 8246184 |
| host-specific hemagglutination of influenza a (h1n1) virus. | h1n1 strains of influenza a virus isolated during the influenza season of 1991-92 were divided into two groups according to the property of host-specific hemagglutination. group 1 viruses agglutinated human and chicken red blood cells. group 2 viruses agglutinated human but not chicken red blood cells. the viruses of both groups, however, showed the same antigenic structure determined with ferret antisera. the virus clones which were plaque-purified twice from a group 2 virus retained the charac ... | 1993 | 8246828 |
| tgf-alpha protein and receptor localization in laryngotracheal tissue. | both normal cell turnover and healing of laryngeal and tracheal injuries involve cell migration and mitosis. the proteins that regulate normal cell turnover and wound healing in the larynx and trachea have not been established. it is possible that peptide growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-alpha (tgf alpha) acting through its receptor (egf/tgf alpha-r), participate in the regulation of these processes. to investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed laryngotracheal cells for tgf alph ... | 1993 | 8247573 |
| development of orientation selectivity in ferret visual cortex and effects of deprivation. | the orientation selectivity of cells in ferret primary visual cortex was studied during normal development and in animals deprived of vision or of visual cortical activity. in normal animals from the age when visual responses were first recorded (postnatal day 23) through postnatal week 5, only about 25% of cells showed orientation-selective responses. by postnatal week 7, cortical responses had matured to an adult-like state, with approximately 75% of cells clearly selective for orientation. th ... | 1993 | 8254372 |
| developmental changes produced in the retinofugal pathways of rats and ferrets by early monocular enucleations: the effects of age and the differences between normal and albino animals. | early monocular enucleations were done in rats, either at embryonic day 16 (e16) or on the day of birth, and the surviving uncrossed pathway was studied either at birth for some of the animals enucleated prenatally, or in the adult for all of the other animals. the uncrossed pathways were studied by using hrp as a retrograde tracer. the neonatal enucleations showed the increase of the surviving uncrossed component previously documented by others. in contrast to this, a prenatal enucleation produ ... | 1993 | 8254374 |
| sex and regional differences in intracellular localization of estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in adult ferret forebrain. | estrogen receptors were visualized in adult ferret brains using the h222 estrogen receptor antibody and immunocytochemical techniques. h222 immunoreactive (h222ir) cell nuclei were present in many forebrain regions in gonadectomized ferrets of both sexes. in many instances, h222ir cells also had immunoreaction product in their processes. all cells with h222ir processes also contained h222ir nuclei. more h222ir processes were observed in females in the medial and lateral preoptic area/anterior hy ... | 1993 | 8255392 |
| antineoplastic activity and tolerability of a novel heterocyclic alkylphospholipid, d-20133. | octadecyl-[2-(n-methylpiperidinio)ethyl]-phosphate (ompep, d-20133), a heterocyclic analogue of hexadecylphosphocholine (mil), has been synthesized in an attempt to increase the therapeutic range of the parent compound. the antineoplastic activity of the novel alkylphospholipid was compared with that of mil in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat. using tumors of different sizes and repeated daily doses as well as high single doses, we achieved marked remissions with ei ... | 1993 | 8258191 |
| immune responses and chronic lymphedema in experimental filariasis. | chronic lymphedema is a clinically important manifestation of lymphatic filariasis but the factors which govern the development and progression of lymphedema remain unclear. because immune responses are major determinants of disease expression in filariasis, we compared immune responses in ferrets reinfected with b. malayi in which disease expression varied from virtually no overt disease to severe chronic lymphedema of the infected limbs. no immune correlates specific for development of chronic ... | 1993 | 8258985 |
| studies of the retention mechanism of the brain perfusion imaging agent 99mtc-bicisate (99mtc-ecd). | the structure-activity relationship in a series of analogues of 99mtc-bicisate (99mtc-n,n'-1,2-ethylenediylbis-l-cysteine diethyl ester dihydrochloride, rp-217) is described using in vivo studies in rodent and primate models and in vitro studies in rodent and primate brain tissue. all analogues investigated were 99mtc-diamine dithiol diesters, which were neutral and lipophilic and had modified brain uptake indexes (> or = 40) suggesting adequate first-pass extraction. all analogues were poorly r ... | 1994 | 8263070 |
| mechanism of the direct, negative inotropic effect of etomidate in isolated ferret ventricular myocardium. | etomidate exerts a mild, positive inotropic effect in rat ventricular myocardium, yet has a negative inotropic effect in isolated rabbit ventricular myocardium. the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of etomidate's inotropic effect and its underlying mechanism in isolated ferret ventricular myocardium (which shows similar physiologic characteristics as human ventricular myocardium) and in frog ventricular myocardium, in which ca++ ions for myofibrillar activation are derived alm ... | 1993 | 8267205 |
| pharmacological effects of the new gastroprokinetic agent mosapride citrate and its metabolites in experimental animals. | the pharmacological effects of the metabolites m1 and m2 of mosapride citrate ((+/-)-4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-n-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholi nyl] methyl]benzamide citrate, as-4370, cas 112885-42-4), a gastroprokinetic agent with serotonin 5-ht4 receptor agonist property, were compared with those of mosapride. in isolated guinea-pig ileum treated with phenoxybenzamine, the metabolites m1 and m2 enhanced electrically-evoked contractions with ec50 values of 1.2 x 10(-7) mol/l and 1.0 x 10(-6) m ... | 1993 | 8267674 |
| spike trains and signaling modes of neurons in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus. | intracellular recordings were used to examine the action potential firing modes of cells in the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) in vitro. we compared the effects of altered membrane voltage on patterns of action potential trains evoked by direct current injection and by retinal afferent (synaptic) stimulation. the results confirm that lgn cells in the ferret can fire action potentials in the "burst" and "tonic" modes that have been described previously for other species. at depolarized m ... | 1993 | 8270022 |
| control of resting membrane potential by delayed rectifier potassium currents in ferret airway smooth muscle cells. | 1. in order to determine the physiological role of specific potassium currents in airway smooth muscle, potassium currents were measured in freshly dissociated ferret trachealis cells using the nystatin-permeabilized, whole-cell method, at 35 degrees c. 2. the magnitude of the outward currents was markedly increased as bath temperature was increased from 22 to 35 degrees c. this increase was primarily due to the increase in maximum potassium conductance (gk,max), although there was also a small ... | 1993 | 8271220 |
| fluorocarbon simulation of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion: studies of relationships between force and intracellular calcium. | the aim was to compare the effects of simulated ischaemia-reperfusion with those of hypoxia-reoxygenation in isolated muscle preparations from the ferret right ventricle. | 1993 | 8275536 |
| visual projections induced into the auditory pathway of ferrets: ii. corticocortical connections of primary auditory cortex. | although the development of corticocortical projections has been well studied, less is known about the role of sensory inputs in the specification of these connections. as part of an ongoing series of studies in our laboratory, we have examined the role of thalamic input modality in the development of corticocortical connections. these studies involve making unilateral lesions and inducing retinal inputs into the auditory thalamus (mgn) during early development in ferrets, thereby conferring vis ... | 1993 | 8277005 |
| effects of nitrogen dioxide on respiratory tract clearance in the ferret. | during growth and development, young children are periodically exposed to relatively high concentrations of various air contaminants, including tobacco smoke and environmental pollutants generated by fossil fuel use. the effects of these exposures on respiratory function and lung development are difficult to determine because of interindividual variation and lack of accurate dosimetry. to provide information on the effects of chronic exposure to a common indoor and outdoor pollutant during lung ... | 1994 | 8277524 |
| megaesophagus in a domestic ferret. | | 1993 | 8277738 |
| beat-to-beat measurements of [ca2+]i and force in ferret cardiac muscle after chemical loading of aequorin. | this communication reports the development of a modified procedure for chemical loading of aequorin in small multicellular cardiac preparations, with special emphasis directed toward the implementation of a new method for computer-controlled low-photon counting and digital processing and analysis of the data to obtain intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i). in eight ferret right ventricular trabeculae, we measured the mechanical performance and found that, at 1.25 mm extracellular ca2+ conce ... | 1993 | 8279531 |
| paradoxical twitch potentiation after rest in cardiac muscle: increased fractional release of sr calcium. | rest interval dependent changes in contractile force (rest decay and rest potentiation) were studied in rabbit, rat and ferret ventricular muscle and myocytes. the sr ca content was assessed by rapid cooling contractures or caffeine induced contractures. intracellular ca transients, action potentials and ca current were also recorded. rest decay of twitches in rabbit ventricle are roughly paralleled by a decline in sr ca content. rat ventricle exhibits primarily rest potentiation, which is not n ... | 1993 | 8283468 |
| endothelin-1 enhances cross-bridge function of ferret myocardium: role of second messengers. | to investigate postreceptor pathways of endothelin and the site of action responsible for enhancing myocardial contractility, studies were performed on ferret papillary muscles loaded with the ca2+ indicator aequorin. endothelin-1 (et) and the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (pe) produced similar dose-dependent increases in tension development and peak intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i); moreover, pretreatment with pe eliminated effects of et, suggesting similar postreceptor ... | 1993 | 8285256 |
| estradiol-17 beta-secreting adrenocortical tumor in a ferret. | severe generalized alopecia and marked vulvar enlargement were observed in a 5-year-old spayed ferret with high serum estradiol concentrations. a neoplastic left adrenal gland was removed. staining of the neoplastic cells for estradiol was demonstrated by use of immunohistochemistry. clinical findings in this ferret were typical of adrenal-associated endocrinopathy, a syndrome characterized by increased secretion of adrenocortical hormones by hyperplastic or neoplastic adrenal glands. | 1993 | 8288478 |
| the antiemetic activity of granisetron against cytostatic-treatment-induced emesis in 10- to 13-week-old ferrets. | the antiemetic activity of granisetron was examined in ferrets aged 10-13 weeks. emesis was induced by exposure to either whole-body x-irradiation (50 gy over 10.4 min) or cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg i.v.) plus doxorubicin (6 mg/kg i.v.). following exposure to whole-body x-irradiation, the young ferrets vomited with a similar latency to vomit and severity of emesis to that shown by adult animals. granisetron (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced (p < or = 0.05) the number of vomits and retches a ... | 1994 | 8288674 |
| dendritic arbors of spiny neurons in the primate striatum are directionally polarized. | despite the relatively unfeatured cytoarchitecture of the striatum, this large subcortical region has been found to have a modular macroscopic substructure comprising the neurochemically distinct striosomes and matrix, and, within the matrix, patchy input and output arrangements called matrisomes. in the study reported here, we explored the possibility that the cellular architecture of the striatum is also more specialized than previously suspected. we injected medium spiny neurons in lightly fi ... | 1993 | 8288775 |
| normal histologic features of domestic ferret periodontium. | the normal histologic features of the periodontal tissues in 17 domestic ferrets (10 male and 7 female) are described. the following teeth were histologically evaluated: canines, the maxillary third premolar (p3), the mandibular fourth premolar (p4), the carnassial teeth (p4 in the maxilla and the first molar, m1, in the mandible) and the next molar after the carnassials (m1 in the maxilla and m2 in the mandible). after histologic preparation for light microscopy, the sections were analyzed at m ... | 1993 | 8290877 |
| genes encoding antigenic surface glycoproteins in pneumocystis from humans. | pneumocystis is a eukaryotic microbe that causes pneumocystosis, an aids-associated pneumonia. pneumocystosis also occurs in many other mammalian species, and animal-derived organisms have been extensively utilized in pneumocystis research. pneumocystis from diverse hosts contain a large glycoprotein (gpa/msg) on the surface. antibodies elicited against gpa/msg of pneumocystis from humans sometimes cross-react with epitopes on proteins of similar size from pneumocystis from other host species. h ... | 1993 | 8293001 |
| the incidence and distribution of branched pulpal axons in the adult ferret. | previous laboratory studies have revealed that some axons branch to supply the pulps of two teeth, but the incidence of such fibres in different regions of the jaws has not been investigated. the present study has used electrophysiological techniques to determine the incidence and distribution of branched pulpal axons in ferret maxillary and mandibular teeth. under anaesthesia, pairs of ag/agcl electrodes were inserted into cavities in the left mandibular (10 animals) or maxillary (seven animals ... | 1993 | 8297260 |
| transient cortical pathways in the pyramidal tract of the neonatal ferret. | anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) was used to study transient axons from the visual cortex in the pyramidal tract. injections at birth restricted to the visual cortex labeled axons in the vicinity of the pontine nuclei. two to eight days after birth, axons from the occipital cortex were found posterior to the pontine nucleus, their caudalmost stable target. transient corticospinal axons from the presumptive primary visual cortex did not ... | 1993 | 8308167 |
| role of ovarian steroids in development of uterine binding sites for prolactin in the ferret. | the objectives of this study were to investigate 1) the presence of specific prolactin (prl) binding sites in the ferret uterus, 2) the uterine location of 125i-labeled ovine prl (oprl) binding sites, 3) changes in uterine prl binding sites during pseudo-pregnancy, and 4) regulation of prl binding sites by ovarian steroids. binding was determined through use of 125i-oprl and 300-800 micrograms of protein from the 50,000 x g particulate fraction. optimal binding occurred within 6 h at 25 degrees ... | 1993 | 8318580 |
| retinoic acid regulates retinol metabolism via feedback inhibition of retinol oxidation and stimulation of retinol esterification in ferret liver. | when the plasma concentration of retinoic acid is increased, there is an accompanying reduction of circulating levels of retinol, suggesting that retinoic acid may have a regulatory effect on retinol metabolism in vivo. to determine which specific step(s) of retinol metabolism might be regulated by retinoic acid, retinol was incubated with ferret liver microsomes or cytosol with retinoic acid in vitro. incubating the microsomal fraction with retinoic acid resulted in a dose-dependent (up to 0.5 ... | 1993 | 8320566 |
| stimulation of gastrointestinal motility by cisplatin in the ferret: activation of an intrinsic cholinergic mechanism dissociated from emesis. | motility was recorded from the corpus, antrum and small intestine of the urethane anaesthetised ferret. the gastrointestinal effects of the highly emetic cytotoxic anticancer agent, cisplatin were investigated following intravenous administration (10 mg/kg i.v.). following injection, cisplatin induced a prompt onset (< 2 min) increase in motility (tone and contraction amplitude) in all regions with a duration of < 15 min. acute vagotomy did not abolish the effect but reduced the peak amplitude i ... | 1993 | 8321326 |
| gastroenteritis associated with clostridium perfringens type a in black-footed ferrets (mustela nigripes). | | 1993 | 8333113 |
| ratio of ryanodine to dihydropyridine receptors in cardiac and skeletal muscle and implications for e-c coupling. | we measured dihydropyridine receptor (dhpr) and ryanodine receptor (ryr) density in isolated ventricular myocytes from rabbits, rats, ferrets, and guinea pigs and also from rabbit ventricular homogenate, skeletal muscle homogenate, and isolated triads. in skeletal muscle homogenate and triads the ryr/dhpr ratio was 0.7 and 0.52, respectively. this stoichiometry is reasonably consistent with excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling models in skeletal muscle where the dhpr molecule itself may transmi ... | 1993 | 8333507 |
| predicting prognosis of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors. role of clinical and histologic evaluation, flow cytometry, and image cytometry. | both flow cytometry (fcm) and morphometry have been proposed as techniques for predicting the prognosis of gastrointestinal (gi) smooth muscle tumors (smts). in particular, dna aneuploidy by fcm has been associated with high histologic grade and shortened survival, whereas the dna index determined by image cytometry has been proposed as a criterion for the diagnosis of malignancy. to further define the potential roles of these two techniques, we performed a variety of morphometric and fcm measur ... | 1993 | 8333557 |
| effects of insulin, glucose analogues, and pyruvate on vascular responses to anoxia in isolated ferret lungs. | in isolated ferret lungs, the vasopressor response to anoxia is characterized by an intense initial vasoconstriction, followed by marked vasodilation. this hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation (hpvd) is inhibited by perfusate glucose concentration > or = 15 mm. to determine whether this inhibition of hpvd was mediated by an effect of glucose transport or a product of glucose metabolism beyond pyruvate, we studied the effects of 5 mm glucose + insulin, transportable but nonmetabolizable analogues of gl ... | 1993 | 8335577 |
| mechanism of the direct, negative inotropic effect of ketamine in isolated ferret and frog ventricular myocardium. | ketamine exerts both an indirect, positive inotropic effect and a direct, negative inotropic effect in isolated ferret ventricular myocardium. this negative inotropic effect becomes apparent after inactivation of the sympathetic neuroeffector junction. the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of ketamine's intrinsic negative inotropic effect. | 1993 | 8342842 |
| calcium measurements with a new high-affinity n.m.r. indicator in the isolated perfused heart. | a new n.m.r. indicator, 1,2-bis-(2-[1-(hydroxycarbony)ethyl- (hydroxycarbonylmethyl)]amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane (dime-5fbapta), with a higher affinity for calcium (apparent kd 46 nm, ph 7.2, 30 degrees c) than the parent 5fbapta chelator (kd 537 nm, ph 7.1, 30 degrees c) has been used to measure the cardiac intracellular free ca2+ ([ca2+]i). dime-5fbapta was loaded into langendorff-perfused ferret hearts maintained at 30 degrees c using the acetoxymethyl ester (am) derivative. the intracellula ... | 1993 | 8343122 |
| the specificity of alternative complement pathway-mediated lysis of erythrocytes: a survey of complement and target cells from 25 species. | sera from 20 species of mammals were tested for their ability to lyse erythrocytes from 18 species of mammals and birds by the alternative complement pathway. erythrocytes were not lysed by homologous complement, with one minor exception, but all erythrocytes tested were lysed by at least one complement source, and all sera tested except that of the horse lysed at least one type of erythrocyte. control experiments indicated that lysis was via the alternative complement pathway and that antibodie ... | 1993 | 8346410 |