| detection of leishmania rna virus in leishmania parasites. | patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by new world leishmania (viannia) species are at high risk of developing mucosal (ml) or disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl). after the formation of a primary skin lesion at the site of the bite by a leishmania-infected sand fly, the infection can disseminate to form secondary lesions. this metastatic phenotype causes significant morbidity and is often associated with a hyper-inflammatory immune response leading to the destructio ... | 2013 | 23326619 |
| cd8(+) granzyme b(+)-mediated tissue injury vs. cd4(+)ifnγ(+)-mediated parasite killing in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | a protective or deleterious role of cd8(+)t cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has been debated. the present report explores the participation of cd8(+)t cells in disease pathogenesis as well as in parasite killing. cd8(+)t cells accumulated in cl lesions as suggested by a higher frequency of cd8(+)cd45ro(+)t cells and cd8(+)cla(+)t cells compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. upon leishmania braziliensis restimulation, most of the cd8(+)t cells from the lesion expressed cyto ... | 2013 | 23321919 |
| early enlargement of an ulcerated area during leishmaniasis treatment with meglumine antimoniate in brazil. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a public health problem in brazil, where meglumine antimoniate is the drug of choice for treatment. ulcers treated with pentavalent antimonials show increasing diameters during the first weeks of drug exposure. | 2013 | 23315614 |
| evaluation of genetic polymorphism of leishmania (v.) braziliensis isolates obtained from the same patient before and after therapeutic failure or reactivation of cutaneous lesions. | the aim of this study was to investigate genetic polymorphism in leishmania braziliensis population previously typed through isoenzyme electrophoresis, isolated from the same patient in two different moments: (a) before the beginning of treatment and (b) after treatment failure to meglumine antimoniate or reactivation after successful initial treatment. fifteen pairs of isolates were assessed using the polymorphic molecular marker lssp-pcr and following the phenetic analysis. the genetic profile ... | 2012 | 23304168 |
| computational prediction of protein-protein interactions in leishmania predicted proteomes. | the trypanosomatids parasites leishmania braziliensis, leishmania major and leishmania infantum are important human pathogens. despite of years of study and genome availability, effective vaccine has not been developed yet, and the chemotherapy is highly toxic. therefore, it is clear just interdisciplinary integrated studies will have success in trying to search new targets for developing of vaccines and drugs. an essential part of this rationale is related to protein-protein interaction network ... | 2012 | 23251492 |
| cellular immune response evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients cells stimulated with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigenic fractions before and after clinical cure. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a disease where susceptibility or resistance is dependent on t cell response. this is characterized by an increased in cd4⁺ t cells, capable of inducing opposite disease profiles, and cd8⁺ t cells, that are related to immuno protection. we characterized t lymphocytes from patients before and after treatment, patients that spontaneously healed and controls, also evaluating their production of il-10, il-4, tnf-α and ifn-γ, after stimulation with soluble/in ... | 2012 | 23246680 |
| the structure and repertoire of small interfering rnas in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis reveal diversification in the trypanosomatid rnai pathway. | among trypanosomatid protozoa the mechanism of rna interference (rnai) has been investigated in trypanosoma brucei and to a lesser extent in leishmania braziliensis. although these two parasitic organisms belong to the same family, they are evolutionarily distantly related raising questions about the conservation of the rnai pathway. here we carried out an in-depth analysis of small interfering rnas (sirnas) associated with l. braziliensis argonaute1 (lbrago1). in contrast to t. brucei, leishman ... | 2013 | 23217017 |
| clinical and hematological findings in leishmania braziliensis-infected dogs from pernambuco, brazil. | canine cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania braziliensis is a neglected, but widespread disease of dogs in south america. this paper describes clinical and hematological alterations in 17 l. braziliensis-infected dogs from brazil. the most common hematological findings were thrombocytopenia (82.4%), anemia (70.6%), low packed cell volume (52.9%) and eosinophilia (41.2%). twelve (70.6%) dogs displayed at least one evident physical alteration; 11 dogs (64.7%) presented skin lesions, four (23.5%) ... | 2013 | 23207982 |
| photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (pact) using phenothiazine derivatives as photosensitizers against leishmania braziliensis. | cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are diseases characterized by skin or mucosal manifestations. in the new world, leishmania braziliensis is the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, condition that may evolve to the mucocutaneous form. the therapeutic arsenal routinely employed to treat infected patients is unsatisfactory, especially for pentavalent antimonials, treatment recommended by the who, as they are often highly toxic, poorly tolerated and of variable effectiveness. ... | 2012 | 23184450 |
| phosphatidylserine exposure and surface sugars in two leishmania (viannia) braziliensis strains involved in cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | phosphatidylserine (ps) and surface carbohydrates (sc) are known as virulence factors that may contribute to the different clinical symptoms ranging from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions to fatal visceral disease. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis causes localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl). | 2013 | 23148292 |
| human macrophage response to l. (viannia) panamensis: microarray evidence for an early inflammatory response. | previous findings indicate that susceptibility to leishmania (viannia) panamensis infection of monocyte-derived macrophages from patients and asymptomatically infected individuals were associated with the adaptive immune response and clinical outcome. | 2012 | 23145196 |
| comparison of flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assay in the diagnosis and cure criterion after therapy of american tegumentary leishmaniasis by anti-live leishmania (viannia) braziliensis immunoglobulin g. | the aim of this study was to compare the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and flow cytometry to clinical and laboratorial evaluation of patients before and after clinical cure and to evaluate the applicability of flow cytometry in post-therapeutic monitoring of patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). sera from 14 patients before treatment (bt), 13 patients 1 year after treatment (at), 10 patients 2 and 5 years at were evaluated. the results from flow cytometr ... | 2013 | 23142460 |
| new insights on taxonomy, phylogeny and population genetics of leishmania (viannia) parasites based on multilocus sequence analysis. | the leishmania genus comprises up to 35 species, some with status still under discussion. the multilocus sequence typing (mlst)--extensively used for bacteria--has been proposed for pathogenic trypanosomatids. for leishmania, however, a detailed analysis and revision on the taxonomy is still required. we have partially sequenced four housekeeping genes--glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd), mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) and isocitrate dehydrogenas ... | 2012 | 23133690 |
| quinolinic alkaloids from galipea longiflora krause suppress production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and control inflammation in vivo upon leishmania infection in mice. | an antileishmanial activity of quinolinic alkaloids from galipea longiflora krause, known as evanta, has been demonstrated. we have previously shown that, apart from its leishmanicidal effect, in vitro pretreatment of spleen cells with an alkaloid extract of evanta (aee) interfered with the proliferation and interferon-γ production in lymphocytes polyclonally activated either with concanavalin a or anti-cd3. in the present study, we investigated if aee could interfere with antigen-specific lymph ... | 2013 | 23126625 |
| ecto-nucleotidase activities of promastigotes from leishmania (viannia) braziliensis relates to parasite infectivity and disease clinical outcome. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis has been associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from a simple cutaneous ulcer to destructive mucosal lesions. factors leading to this diversity of clinical presentations are not clear, but parasite factors have lately been recognized as important in determining disease progression. given the fact that the activity of ecto-nucleotidases correlates with parasitism and the development of infection, we evaluated the activity of these enzyme ... | 2012 | 23071853 |
| candidate gene case-control and functional study shows macrophage inhibitory factor (mif) polymorphism is associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) is an infectious disease caused mostly by leishmania(viannia)braziliensis in southeast brazil. the clinical manifestations are vast, ranging from asymptomatic to severe mucosal leishmaniasis (ml). it has been suggested that variation of the pathogen does not fully explain the response spectrum and the variability of clinical manifestations. previous data have shown that host genetics also play a role in disease outcome. herein, we have tested the associat ... | 2013 | 23068083 |
| protective and pathologic immune responses in human tegumentary leishmaniasis. | studies in the recent years have advanced the knowledge of how host and parasite factors contribute to the pathogenesis of human tegumentary leishmaniasis. polymorphism within populations of leishmania from the same species has been documented; indicating that infection with different strains may lead to distinct clinical pictures and can also interfere in the response to treatment. moreover, detection of parasite genetic tags for the precise identification of strains will improve diagnostics an ... | 2012 | 23060880 |
| immunoregulatory profile of monocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients and association with lesion size. | leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease composed of several clinical forms that adversely affect millions of people globally. critical cells involved in the host-leishmania interaction are monocytes and macrophages, which act to protect against infections due to their ability to both control intracellular infections and regulate the subsequent adaptive immune response. both soluble factors and cell surface receptors are keys in directing the immune response following interaction with path ... | 2013 | 23050581 |
| association between an emerging disseminated form of leishmaniasis and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis strain polymorphisms. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis causes three main types of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl), localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), and disseminated leishmaniasis (dl). all forms are observed among individuals of corte de pedra, brazil. we previously used random amplified markers to identify a multiclonal population among l. (v.) braziliensis isolates from atl patients, defining parasite clades associated with different clinical syndromes. herein we compare ... | 2012 | 23035200 |
| transcriptome patterns from primary cutaneous leishmania braziliensis infections associate with eventual development of mucosal disease in humans. | localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) are two extreme clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis that usually begin as solitary primary cutaneous lesions. host and parasite factors that influence the progression of lcl to ml are not completely understood. in this manuscript, we compare the gene expression profiles of primary cutaneous lesions from patients who eventually developed ml to those that did not. | 2012 | 23029578 |
| sand fly fauna in chapare, bolivia: an endemic focus of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | data on the distribution and abundance of lutzomyia spp. (diptera: psychodidae) in bolivia is scarce. sand flies from an area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis endemicity in the isiboro-secure national park in the department of cochabamba were captured and identified to species. in total, 945 sand flies (789 females and 156 males) belonging to 15 species were collected from the four collection points in two study villages in 2007. with 549 (58.1%) specimens, lutzomyia shawi was the most abund ... | 2012 | 23025199 |
| evaluation of anti-lived and anti-fixed leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigote igg antibodies detected by flow cytometry for diagnosis and post-therapeutic cure assessment in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. | this study aims to investigate a flow cytometry performance-based methodology to detect anti-live (fc-alpa-igg) and anti-fixed (fc-afpa-igg) leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigote igg as a means to monitor post-therapeutic cure of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl). serum samples from 30 lcl patients infected with l. (v.) braziliensis were assayed, comparing the igg reactivity before and after specific treatment with pentavalent antimonial. reactivities were reported a ... | 2012 | 23007034 |
| isolation and biochemical, functional and structural characterization of a novel l-amino acid oxidase from lachesis muta snake venom. | the aim of this study was the isolation of the laao from lachesis muta venom (lmlaao) and its biochemical, functional and structural characterization. two different purification protocols were developed and both provided highly homogeneous and active lmlaao. it is a homodimeric enzyme with molar mass around 120 kda under non-reducing conditions, 60 kda under reducing conditions in sds-page and 60852 da by mass spectrometry. forty amino acid residues were directly sequenced from lmlaao and its co ... | 2012 | 22963728 |
| atypical mucocutaneous involvement with leishmania donovani. | mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has rarely been reported from india. the usual causative organisms of this infection are leishmania braziliensis and l. tropica. another species, l. donovani, which usually causes visceral leishmaniasis, has recently been reported to cause mucocutaneous disease in a few patients from sri lanka. we report two patients who had undiagnosed chronic skin lesions for several years. skin biopsies revealed leishmania and the species was characterized as l. donovani in both pa ... | 2013 | 22963292 |
| genetic polymorphism in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis detected in mucosal leishmaniasis of hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected patients. | the genetic polymorphism of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis detected in cases of mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) from hiv-infected and non hiv-infected patients was evaluated. nine samples from three hiv-infected patients and five samples from five non hiv-infected patients were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), low-stringency single-specific primer pcr (lssp-pcr) and phenetic analysis. the presence of l. (v.) braziliensis dna was detected in all samples by specific pcr assay. the intras ... | 2012 | 22954800 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase 1): localization and in vitro inhibition of promastigotes growth by polyclonal antibodies. | nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase) activity was recently characterized in leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes (lb), and an antigenic conserved domain (r82-121) from the specific ntpdase 1 isoform was identified. in this work, mouse polyclonal antibodies produced against two synthetic peptides derived from this domain (lbb1lj, r82-103; lbb2lj, r102-121) were used. the anti-lbb1lj or anti-lbb2lj antibodies were immobilized on protein a-sepharose and immunoprecipitated ... | 2012 | 22921497 |
| structural and functional studies of leishmania braziliensis hsp90. | the ubiquitous hsp90 is critical for protein homeostasis in the cells, stabilizing "client" proteins in a functional state. hsp90 activity depends on its ability to bind and hydrolyze atp, involving various conformational changes that are regulated by co-chaperones, posttranslational modifications and small molecules. compounds like geldanamycin (ga) and radicicol inhibit the hsp90 atpase activity by occupying the atp binding site, which can lead client protein to degradation and also inhibit ce ... | 2013 | 22910377 |
| morita-baylis-hillman adduct shows in vitro activity against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis associated with a reduction in il-6 and il-10 but independent of nitric oxide. | current treatments for different clinical forms of leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory, highly toxic and associated with increasing failure rates resulting from the emergence of resistant parasites. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is the main aetiological agent of different clinical forms of american tegumentary leishmaniasis, including the mucosal form for which treatment has high failure rates. the aim of this work was to investigate the activity of the morita-baylis-hillman adduct, methyl 2-{2 ... | 2013 | 22906971 |
| liposomal amphotericin b in comparison to sodium stibogluconate for leishmania braziliensis cutaneous leishmaniasis in travelers. | new world cutaneous leishmaniasis is mostly acquired in the amazon basin of bolivia where l viannia (v) braziliensis is endemic. treatment with systemic pentavalent antimonial compounds has been shown to be effective in achieving clinical cure in only 75% of cases. | 2013 | 22858005 |
| phlebotominae of epidemiological importance in cutaneous leishmaniasis in northwestern argentina: risk maps and ecological niche models. | in argentina, 58.2% out of the 8126 cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) incident cases accumulated from 1954 to 2006 were reported in the provinces of salta and jujuy. the aim of this study was to develop an exploratory risk map and a potential distribution map of the vector, in order to offer recommendations for cl prevention. a total of 12 079 phlebotominae (diptera: psychodidae) belonging to the species lutzomyia neivai (pinto), lu. migonei (frança), lu. cortelezzii (brèthes), lu. shannoni (dyar), l ... | 2013 | 22827261 |
| accurate and rapid species typing from cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis lesions of the new world. | the heat-shock protein 70 gene (hsp70) has been exploited for leishmania species identification in the old and new world, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. three new leishmania-specific hsp70 pcrs were recently described, and we applied 2 of these on 89 clinical samples from a total of 73 peruvian patients with either cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. the new pcrs on average showed a 2- to 3-fold improved sensitivity in t ... | 2012 | 22819605 |
| efficacy and tolerability of oleylphosphocholine (olpc) in a laboratory model of visceral leishmaniasis. | the alkylphospholipid oleylphosphocholine (olpc) is a structural analogue of miltefosine and may represent a potential therapeutic backup for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). this laboratory study compared the in vitro and in vivo activity profile of both olpc and miltefosine. | 2012 | 22782488 |
| seroprevalence and asymptomatic carriage of leishmania spp. in austria, a non-endemic european country. | leishmaniasis is a rare disease in central europe and is diagnosed almost exclusively in travellers or migrants coming from tropical or subtropical countries. we conducted an explorative cross-sectional serological study, using a commercial elisa, in 1048 healthy austrian individuals to assess the distribution of specific antibodies against leishmania spp. in humans in austria. overall, 47 individuals (4.5%) tested positive, and an additional 32 (3.1%) showed borderline results. after 12 months, ... | 2013 | 22764887 |
| monitoring toxicity associated with parenteral sodium stibogluconate in the day-case management of returned travellers with new world cutaneous leishmaniasis [corrected]. | patients with new world cutaneous leishmaniasis (nwcl) caused by leishmania viannia are treated with parenteral sodium stibogluconate (sbv) to reduce the risk of development of mucocutanous leishmaniasis. our centre manages patients with nwcl on an outpatient-basis. this study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of this approach. | 2012 | 22745840 |
| decrease in anti-leishmania igg3 and igg1 after cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion healing is correlated with the time of clinical cure. | for better efficiency in the establishment of american tegumentary leishmaniasis clinical cure, the world health organization suggests that the clinical criteria are supported by serologic data. the present study aims to investigate the dynamics of igg subclass production in clinical evolution post-treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). paired sera from 23 subjects with cl resulting from leishmania braziliensis infection were studied during the active lesion phase (acl) and after clinical cu ... | 2012 | 22742527 |
| the presence of tregs does not preclude immunity to reinfection with leishmania braziliensis. | leishmania spp. cause a broad spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. leishmania braziliensis is the main etiological agent of american cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. during experimental infection with l. braziliensis, balb/c mice develop an adaptive immune response that is associated with lesion healing and, in parallel, parasite persistence within draining lymph nodes (dlns). in the leishmania major model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, regulatory t cell ... | 2012 | 22705204 |
| natural leishmania sp. reservoirs and phlebotomine sandfly food source identification in ibitipoca state park, minas gerais, brazil. | leishmania spp are distributed throughout the world and different species are associated with varying degrees of disease severity. however, leishmaniasis is thought to be confined to areas of the world where its insect vectors, sandflies, are present. phlebotomine sandflies obtain blood meals from a variety of wild and domestic animals and sometimes from humans. these vectors transmit leishmania spp, the aetiological agent of leishmaniasis. identification of sandfly blood meals has generally bee ... | 2012 | 22666858 |
| expression of tlr2 and tlr4 in lesions of patients with tegumentary american leishmaniasis. | the aim of this study was to describe the pattern of expression of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in skin biopsies of patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. | 2012 | 22634888 |
| canine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by neotropical leishmania infantum despite of systemic disease: a case report. | visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis caused by a protozoan leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi). here, we report a typical case of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. infantum infection without any other systemic symptom in one dog in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. a mongrel female dog was admitted in a veterinary clinic with reports of chronic wounds in the body. physical examination revealed erosive lesions in the limbs, nasal ulcers, presence of ectoparasites and s ... | 2012 | 22583758 |
| effect of hiv protease inhibitors on new world leishmania. | the incidence of hiv/leishmania co-infection decreases after antiretroviral drug therapy; therefore, the in vitro and in vivo activity of three antiretroviral drugs against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis was evaluated. different concentrations of indinavir (idv), atazanavir (atv), and ritonavir (rtv) were added to promastigote cultures, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) was determined. idv and rtv were also evaluated against intracellular amastigotes, and the ... | 2012 | 22579524 |
| a proposed new clinical staging system for patients with mucosal leishmaniasis. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) occurs mainly in areas where leishmania braziliensis is transmitted. it affects predominantly the nasal mucosa and, in more severe forms, can lead to significant tissue destruction. there is no standard method for grading the severity of disease. we categorised 50 patients with ml according to a proposed new clinical staging system. their age ranged from 10 to 86 y (mean ± sd: 36 ± 16 y) and 43 (86%) patients were male. the different degrees of evolution of mucosal dis ... | 2012 | 22578516 |
| natural infection of cortelezzii complex (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) with leishmania braziliensis in chaco, argentina. | in argentina, american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) extends up to 29°s in the phytogeographic regions of the yungas (west), chaco (center) and paranaense (east). since the phlebotominae vectors of this disease in the western chaco (dry chaco) are unknown, in the present work, we studied the natural infection in phlebotominae by pcr-erflp and dot blot in order to incriminate these organisms as potential vectors. captures with cdc-type traps were performed monthly in the domicile, the peridomicil ... | 2012 | 22569560 |
| evaluation of the anti-leishmania activity of ethanol extract and fractions of the leaves from pityrogramma calomelanos (l.) link. | leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus leishmania. recent reports about leishmaniasis show a few number of drugs available, indicating the necessity of new drugs. in this study, the ethanol extract and fractions of pityrogramma calomelanos (l.) link. (pteridaceae) were assayed to verify the cytotoxicity and in vitro leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of leishmania brasiliensis. the cytotoxic assay was performed using fibroblasts nctc929. the studies indicated a leishma ... | 2013 | 22568530 |
| comparative zymographic analysis of metallopeptidase of leishmania (viannia) peruviana and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis isolates from peru. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in peru is mainly associated with leishmania (viannia) peruviana and l. (v.) braziliensis. these parasites are genetically related, and their characterization as distinct species is controversial. despite their genetic similarity, each species is associated with different clinical manifestations of atl; l. (v.) peruviana causes only cutaneous leishmaniasis, whereas l. (v.) braziliensis can cause both cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. because the ... | 2012 | 22562004 |
| detection of different leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in cats from the yucatan peninsula (mexico) using an iron superoxide dismutase excreted as antigen. | although human leishmaniasis has been reported in 20 states in mexico, no case of leishmaniasis has been reported in cats to date. in the yucatan peninsula, it has been found that dogs may act as reservoirs for at least three leishmania species (leishmania mexicana, leishmania braziliensis, and leishmania panamensis). in this study we identified specific antibodies against these three leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi in the sera from 95 cats from two states on the yucatan peninsula, namely ... | 2012 | 22560557 |
| first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in suriname. | the main causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in suriname is leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. this case report presents a patient infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, a species never reported before in suriname. this finding has clinical implications, because l. braziliensis has a distinct clinical phenotype characterized by mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, a more extensive and destructive form of cl that requires different treatment. clinicians should be aware that chronic cu ... | 2012 | 22556081 |
| wound healing genes and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil. | leishmania braziliensis causes cutaneous (cl) and mucosal (ml) leishmaniasis. in the mouse, fli1 was identified as a gene influencing enhanced wound healing and resistance to cl caused by leishmania major. polymorphism at fli1 is associated with cl caused by l. braziliensis in humans, with an inverse association observed for ml disease. here we extend the analysis to look at other wound healing genes, including ctgf, tgfb1, tgfbr1/2, smads 2/3/4/7 and flii, all functionally linked along with fli ... | 2012 | 22554650 |
| regulatory t cells in the pathogenesis and healing of chronic human dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) species. | the inflammatory response is prominent in the pathogenesis of dermal leishmaniasis. we hypothesized that regulatory t cells (tregs) may be diminished in chronic dermal leishmaniasis (cdl) and contribute to healing during treatment. | 2012 | 22545172 |
| in vitro anti-leishmania evaluation of nickel complexes with a triazolopyrimidine derivative against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. | studies on the anti-proliferative activity in vitro of seven ternary nickel (ii) complexes with a triazolopyrimidine derivative and different aliphatic or aromatic amines as auxiliary ligands against promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis have been carried out. these compounds are not toxic for the host cells and two of them are effective at lower concentrations than the reference drug used in the present study (glucantime). in general, the in vitro ... | 2012 | 22542591 |
| a single-cloning-step procedure for the generation of rnai plasmids producing long stem-loop rna. | rna interference (rnai), used as a tool, has revolutionized the studies of gene function. long stem-loop dsrna has been proven the most effective trigger for down-regulating target transcripts in rnai-positive trypanosomatid parasites. here we describe a protocol for constructing plasmids that produce long stem-loops by using a single cloning step. inverted repeats are first obtained by self-ligation of pcr products that contain a randomized segment at one of their ends and then inserted in a pl ... | 2012 | 22542486 |
| american tegumentary leishmaniasis: cytokines and nitric oxide in active disease and after clinical cure, with or without chemotherapy. | the influence of immune response on the treatment of american tegumentary leishmaniasis is pointed by several authors, and the existence of protective immunity in self-healed patients (sh) is also suggested. thus, interferon-gamma (ifn-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), interleukin (il-) 10, il-17, il-22 and nitric oxide (no) production was determined in pbmc culture supernatants from patients with active disease (ad) and after therapy, sh patients and healthy subjects, in response to the ... | 2012 | 22537157 |
| fluconazole effectiveness against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: is the evidence enough? | | 2012 | 22523256 |
| evolution of the leishmania braziliensis species complex from amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and clinical implications. | in order to get more insight into its evolution and geographical distribution, we investigated the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis species complex using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and sequencing of a heat-shock protein 70 gene fragment. previously, several assays had alluded to the high genetic diversity of the group, and single-locus assays typically identified two species, i.e. l. braziliensis and leishmania peruviana, with occasional genetic signatures of both in the same strai ... | 2012 | 22516226 |
| in vitro evaluation of new terpenoid derivatives against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. | the activity of five (1-5) abietane phenol derivatives against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis was studied using promastigotes and axenic and intracellular amastigotes. infectivity and cytotoxicity tests were performed with j774.2 macrophage cells using glucantime as a reference drug. the mechanisms of action were analysed by performing metabolite excretion and transmission electron microscopy ultrastructural studies. compounds 1-5 were more active and less toxic than glucantime. ... | 2012 | 22510833 |
| proteins of leishmania (viannia) shawi confer protection associated with th1 immune response and memory generation. | leishmania (viannia) shawi parasite was first characterized in 1989. recently the protective effects of soluble leishmanial antigen (sla) from l. (v.) shawi promastigotes were demonstrated using balb/c mice, the susceptibility model for this parasite. in order to identify protective fractions, sla was fractionated by reverse phase hplc and five antigenic fractions were obtained. | 2012 | 22463817 |
| macrophages participate in host protection and the disease pathology associated with leishmania braziliensis infection. | leishmania preferentially infects macrophages, which allow the parasite to multiply but can also kill the parasite. although the t cell response in human leishmaniasis is well-characterized, little is known about the concomitant macrophage behavior. the aim of this study was to characterize the macrophage immune response after leishmania braziliensis infection in cells derived from cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) patients, subclinical individuals (sc) and healthy contr ... | 2012 | 22458474 |
| discovery of factors linked to antimony resistance in leishmania panamensis through differential proteome analysis. | the rate of treatment failure to antileishmanial chemotherapy in latin america is up to 64%. parasite drug resistance contributes to an unknown proportion of treatment failures. identification of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms responsible for parasite drug resistance is critical to the conservation of available drugs and to the discovery of novel targets to reverse the resistant phenotype. we conducted comparative proteomic-based analysis of leishmania (viannia) panamensis lines select ... | 2012 | 22449941 |
| epidemiological and clinical changes in american tegumentary leishmaniasis in an area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transmission over a 20-year period. | the health post of corte de pedra is located in a region endemic for american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in the brazilian state of bahia, and it treats 500-1,300 patients annually. to describe temporal changes in the epidemiology of atl, we reviewed a random sample of 10% of patient charts (n = 1,209) from 1988 to 2008. there was a twofold increase in the number of cases over the 20-year period, with fluctuations in 10-year cycles. patients were most frequently male, between the ages of 10 ... | 2012 | 22403312 |
| antigenic fractions of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis: the immune response characterization of patients at the initial phase of disease. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has different clinical manifestations and these manifestations are dependent on the immunological status of the host. as cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells and their mediators play a fundamental role in the host response to leishmania and there is also a search for antigenic molecules to be used as future vaccines and tools for prognostic tests, this study characterized acl patients' immune response after stimulation with soluble and insoluble fractions of l. (v.) b ... | 2012 | 22394223 |
| glycoinositolphospholipids from leishmania braziliensis and l. infantum: modulation of innate immune system and variations in carbohydrate structure. | the essential role of the lipophosphoglycan (lpg) of leishmania in innate immune response has been extensively reported. however, information about the role of the lpg-related glycoinositolphospholipids (gipls) is limited, especially with respect to the new world species of leishmania. gipls are low molecular weight molecules covering the parasite surface and are similar to lpg in sharing a common lipid backbone and a glycan motif containing up to 7 sugars. critical aspects of their structure an ... | 2012 | 22389743 |
| low resolution structural characterization of the hsp70-interacting protein - hip - from leishmania braziliensis emphasizes its high asymmetry. | the hsp70 is an essential molecular chaperone in protein metabolism since it acts as a pivot with other molecular chaperone families. several co-chaperones act as regulators of the hsp70 action cycle, as for instance hip (hsp70-interacting protein). hip is a tetratricopeptide repeat protein (tpr) that interacts with the atpase domain in the hsp70-adp state, stabilizing it and preventing substrate dissociation. molecular chaperones from protozoans, which can cause some neglected diseases, are poo ... | 2012 | 22387434 |
| taiwaniaquinoid and abietane quinone derivatives with trypanocidal activity against t. cruzi and leishmania spp. | the in vitro leishmanicidal (leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis) and trypanocidal (trypanosoma cruzi) activities of different compounds were evaluated. these compounds, of vegetal origin but synthesised in our laboratory, included five taiwaniaquinoid derivatives (s-567; s-569; s-589; s-602 and a-246) and one abietane quinone (p-1). the in vitro activity of the compounds on extracellular and intracellular forms of the two leishmania species and t. cruzi was assayed. infectivity and ... | 2012 | 22366342 |
| immunoregulatory and effector activities in human cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis: understanding mechanisms of pathology. | individuals infected with leishmania braziliensis may develop the relatively benign localized cutaneous (cl) form or the mucosal (ml) form of the disease, which represents a more severe and mutilating variation. interaction between parasite and host cells, as well as the genetic background of the host, are important determinants of the immune response, which is critical in determining disease outcome. our studies over the years have been designed to determine the immunoregulatory and effector fu ... | 2011 | 23504276 |
| detection and identification of leishmania spp.: application of two hsp70-based pcr-rflp protocols to clinical samples from the new world. | leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in new world countries, where several methods are available for detection and identification of leishmania spp. two hsp70-based pcr protocols (pcr-n and pcr-f) and their corresponding restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) were applied for detection and identification of leishmania spp. in clinical samples recruited in colombia, guatemala, and honduras. a total of 93 cases were studied. the samples were classified into positive or suspected of leishman ... | 2017 | 28573463 |
| natural leishmania (viannia) infections of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) indicate classical and alternative transmission cycles of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the guiana shield, brazil. | from 1996 to 1999 multi-trapping methods (center of diseases control, cdc) light traps, light-baited shannon traps, and aspiration on tree bases) were used to study the phlebotomine fauna of the "serra do navio" region of the brazilian state of amapá, which is part of the guiana shield. fifty-three species were identified among 8,685 captured individuals. the following species, associated with the transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in amazonian brazil, were captured: nyssomyia umbr ... | 2017 | 28508745 |
| leishmania (v.) braziliensis infecting bats from pantanal wetland, brazil: first records for platyrrhinus lineatus and artibeus planirostris. | in the new world genus leishmania parasites are etiological agents of neglected zoonoses known as leishmaniasis. its epidemiology is very complex due to the participation of several species of sand fly vectors and mammalian hosts, and man is an accidental host. control is very difficult because of the different epidemiological patterns of transmission observed. studies about leishmania spp. infection in bats are so scarce, which represents a large gap in knowledge about the role of these animals ... | 2017 | 28502644 |
| leishmania infection in bats from a non-endemic region of leishmaniasis in brazil. | leishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of the genus leishmania, which can develop in domestic as well as wild animals and humans throughout the world. currently, this disease is spreading in rural and urban areas of non-endemic regions in brazil. recently, bats have gained epidemiological significance in leishmaniasis due to its close relationship with human settlements. in this study, we investigated the presence of leishmania spp. dna in blood samples from 448 bats ... | 2017 | 28831941 |
| anti-leishmania activity of new ruthenium(ii) complexes: effect on parasite-host interaction. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. the many complications presented by the current treatment - including high toxicity, high cost and parasite resistance - make the development of new therapeutic agents indispensable. the present study aims to evaluate the anti-leishmania potential of new ruthenium(ii) complexes, cis‑[ru(ii)(η(2)-o2cr)(dppm)2]pf6, with dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and r=4-butylbenzoate (bbato) 1, 4-(methylthio)benzoate (mtbato) ... | 2017 | 28783554 |
| il-32γ promotes the healing of murine cutaneous lesions caused by leishmania braziliensis infection in contrast to leishmania amazonensis. | interleukin 32 (il-32) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine induced in patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) caused by leishmania braziliensis. here, we investigated whether il-32 is also expressed in patient lesions caused by l. amazonensis. in addition, we evaluated experimental l. amazonensis and l. braziliensis infections in c57bl/6 transgenic mice for human il-32γ (il-32γtg) in comparison with wild-type (wt) mice that do not express the il-32 gene. | 2017 | 28709468 |
| the use of herbs against neglected diseases: evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of stryphnodendron rotundifolium mart. | the evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of stryphnodendron rotundifolium mart. (ehcsr) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. ehcsr was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 μg/ml) in in vitro assays for activity against leishmania promastigotes using the species leishmania brasiliensis and leishmania infantum and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes o ... | 2017 | 28855804 |
| profiling gene expression of antimony response genes in leishmania (viannia) panamensis and infected macrophages and its relationship with drug susceptibility. | the mechanisms of leishmania resistance to antimonials have been primarily determined in experimentally derived leishmania strains. however, their participation in the susceptibility phenotype in field isolates has not been conclusively established. being an intracellular parasite, the activity of antileishmanials is dependent on internalization of drugs into host cells and effective delivery to the intracellular compartments inhabited by the parasite. in this study we quantified and comparative ... | 2017 | 28843396 |
| platelet-activating factor increases reactive oxygen species-mediated microbicidal activity of human macrophages infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | platelet-activating factor (paf) is produced by macrophages during inflammation and infections. we evaluated whether paf is able to modulate the infection of human macrophages by leishmania braziliensis, the main leishmania sp. in brazil. monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with promastigote forms in absence or presence of exogenous paf. we observed that the treatment of macrophages with low concentrations of paf prior to infection increased the phagocytosis of l. braziliensis. more impo ... | 2017 | 28830073 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis inositol phosphorylceramide: distinctive sphingoid base composition. | inositol phosphorylceramide (ipc), the major sphingolipid in the genus leishmania but not found in mammals, is considered a potentially useful target for chemotherapy against leishmaniasis. leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is endemic in latin america and causes american tegumentary leishmaniasis. we demonstrated that ipcs are localized internally in parasites, using a specific monoclonal antibody. treatment with 5 μm myriocin (a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor) rendered promastigotes 8-fo ... | 2017 | 28824583 |
| cutaneous leishmaniosis in naturally infected dogs in paraná, brazil, and the epidemiological implications of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis detection in internal organs and intact skin. | environmental changes have occurred over the years, altering the eco-epidemiological pattern of leishmaniosis in the state of paraná, brazil, involving the pillars of the cycle (parasite, vectors, reservoir, and environment) and their interaction. much has been discussed about the dog's role as a reservoir of the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis vianna, 1911 transmission cycle. however, this question remains unanswered. the purpose of this study was to investigate, using parasitological and mol ... | 2017 | 28807297 |
| sensitive molecular diagnostics for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | rapid diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and identification of leishmania species is highly important for the disease management. in israel, cl is caused mainly by leishmania major and leishmania tropica species. | 2017 | 28795077 |
| clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with early spontaneous healing in cutaneous localized leishmaniasis: a historical cohort study. | skin ulcers in american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) may heal spontaneously after months/years. however, few cases may present quick heal even during diagnosis procedure (early spontaneous healing- esh). the main objective of this study was to compare esh patients with cases requiring specific treatment [non-esh (nesh)]. | 2017 | 28793868 |
| in vitro antileishmanial activity and iron superoxide dismutase inhibition of arylamine mannich base derivatives. | leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected diseases, and it has a worldwide prevalence of 12 million. there are no effective human vaccines for its prevention, and treatment is hampered by outdated drugs. therefore, research aiming at the development of new therapeutic tools to fight leishmaniasis remains a crucial goal today. with this purpose in mind, we present 20 arylaminoketone derivatives with a very interesting in vitro and in vivo efficacy against trypanosoma cruzi that have now ... | 2017 | 28789716 |
| synthetic peptides derived from ribosomal proteins of leishmania spp. in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: diagnostic usefulness. | the serological diagnostic methods currently available for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (mcl) lack specificity when complete parasites are used; however, such specificity increases when protein fractions are used. ribosomal proteins have been reported to induce antibodies in animal and humans infected with the parasite, making them a worth candidate to assess its diagnosis potential. this study was thus aimed at evaluating synthetic peptides derived from leishmania braziliensis ribosomal proteins ... | 2017 | 28758598 |
| leishmanicidal effect of antiparasitic photodynamic therapy-appdt on infected macrophages. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of appdt (antiparasitic photodynamic therapy) on the interaction of leishmania braziliensis with j774 macrophages, used as a photosensitizer, methylene blue associated with red laser. the tests are in triplicate and the samples divided into four groups: control, photosensitizer, laser, and appdt. the photosensitizer used was the methylene blue at concentration of 12.5 μg/ml. the parameters of the laser were λ = 660 nm, 40 mw, and 8.4 j/cm(2). samp ... | 2017 | 28752261 |
| leishmaniasis in the major endemic region of plurinational state of bolivia: species identification, phylogeography and drug susceptibility implications. | the plurinational state of bolivia is one of the latin american countries with the highest prevalence of leishmaniasis, highlighting the lowlands of the department of la paz where about 50% of the total cases were reported. the control of the disease can be seriously compromised by the intrinsic variability of the circulating species that may limit the efficacy of treatment while favoring the emergence of resistance. fifty-five isolates of leishmania from cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions from ... | 2017 | 28751163 |
| macromolecular biosynthetic parameters and metabolic profile in different life stages of leishmania braziliensis: amastigotes as a functionally less active stage. | it was recently hypothesized that leishmania amastigotes could constitute a semi-quiescent stage characterized by low replication and reduced metabolic activity. this concept developed with leishmania (leishmania) mexicana and leishmania (leishmania) major models might explain numerous clinical and sub-clinical features of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infections, like reactivation of the disease, non-response to chemotherapy or asymptomatic infections. we compared here in vitro the prolifer ... | 2017 | 28742826 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis: a retrospective study of 327 cases from an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) is observed only in about 3% of patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) but has a high potential for destructive, disfiguring, and disabling sequelae. prior reports of clinical and epidemiologic features of ml are limited by small numbers of cases. in this study, we evaluated changes in the demographic features and clinical presentation of ml in an endemic area of leishmania braziliensis transmission over a period of 20 years. the charts of 327 patients ... | 2017 | 28722607 |
| parasite killing of leishmania (v) braziliensis by standardized propolis extracts. | treatments based on antimonials to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) entail a range of toxic side effects. propolis, a natural compound widely used in traditional medical applications, exhibits a range of biological effects, including activity against infectious agents. the aim of this study was to test the potential leishmanicidal effects of different propolis extracts against leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in vitro. stationary-phase l. (v) braziliensis ... | 2017 | 28690662 |
| rapid detection of trypanosoma cruzi by colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp): a potential novel tool for the detection of congenital chagas infection. | early diagnosis of congenital trypanosomacruzi transmission in newborns is essential because babies show high indices of cure. conventional diagnosis is based on microscopic examination and serology. molecular diagnosis is a promising alternative to replace conventional diagnosis, although it is not well suited for adoption in laboratories with limited resources. isothermal dna amplification methods have the advantage of not requiring expensive equipment. the aim of this work was to apply loop-m ... | 2017 | 28684052 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis induces a transmissible dysbiotic skin microbiota that promotes skin inflammation. | skin microbiota can impact allergic and autoimmune responses, wound healing, and anti-microbial defense. we investigated the role of skin microbiota in cutaneous leishmaniasis and found that human patients infected with leishmania braziliensis develop dysbiotic skin microbiota, characterized by increases in the abundance of staphylococcus and/or streptococcus. mice infected with l. major exhibit similar changes depending upon disease severity. importantly, this dysbiosis is not limited to the le ... | 2017 | 28669672 |
| seroconversion to lutzomyia intermedia linb-13 as a biomarker for developing cutaneous leishmaniasis. | sand flies inject saliva while feeding in the vertebrate host and anti-saliva antibodies can be used as biomarkers of exposure to leishmania vectors. we expressed recombinant salivary proteins from lutzomyia intermedia, a vector of leishmania braziliensis, and evaluated the seroreactivity in exposed individuals in search for exposure markers. we found a strong correlation among positive serology to recombinant proteins linb-13, 26, 15, 21 and to salivary proteins: rlinb-13 was the top performing ... | 2017 | 28600554 |
| trichophoromyia auraensis is a putative vectorcomments about the finding of trichophoromyia auraensis (mangabeira 1942) sandfly specimens infected by leishmania (viannia) parasites in acre statea new sandfly in the subgenus nyssomyia (diptera, psychodidae) from the amazon basin of brazilthe known geographical distribution of sandflies in the state of acre, brazil (diptera: psychodidae)studies on the sandfly fauna (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) from transmission areas of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in state of acre, brazildevelopment and validation of pcr-based assays for diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis and identification of the parasite speciesfirst description of leishmania (viannia) infection in evandromyia saulensis, pressatia sp. and trichophoromyia auraensis (psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in acre state, amazon basin, brazilsand fly fauna (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in an area of leishmaniasis transmission in the municipality of rio branco, state of acre, brazilidentification of naturally infected lutzomyia intermedia and lutzomyia migonei with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in rio de janeiro (brazil) revealed by a pcr multiplex non-isotopic hybridization assaynotas sobre os flebotomíneos do estado do acre, com a descrição de duas espécies novas (diptera, psychodidae)description of trichophoromyia ruifreitasi, a new phlebotomine species (diptera, psychodidae) from acre state, brazilian amazonepidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar e descrição das populações de flebotomíneos no município de acrelândia, acre, brasilphlebotomine sandfly (diptera: psychodidae) diversity and their leishmania dna in a hot spot of american cutaneous leishmaniasis human cases along the brazilian border with peru and boliviadescription of a new phlebotomine species (diptera: psychodidae, phlebotominae) and new records of sand flies from the state of acre, northern brazilnatural leishmania infection of lutzomyia (trichophoromyia) auraensis in madre de dios, peru, detected by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reactionguide to the identification and geographic distribution of lutzomyia sandflies in mexico, the west indies, central and south america (diptera: psychodidae). | the sandfly trichophoromyia auraensis has recently evolved as a proven vector of leishmania (viannia) endemic to state of acre in the north of brazil. this note is intended to propose a correction in the report of the first occurrence of natural infection of leishmania (viannia) in this species. we and the other scientific groups reinforced that tr. auraensis is a possible vector involved in the transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in acre, brazil. | 2017 | 28591315 |
| disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in southern brazil. | the authors report a case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, in a 55 years old patient with 1,119 lesions distributed throughout the body. the patient resides in sabáudia municipality, north of paraná state, southern brazil, where there was no previous report of this form of leishmaniasis. treatment with meglumine antimoniate was successful, although the diagnosis was made only five months later. | 2017 | 28591265 |
| sporotrichoid leishmaniasis: a cross-sectional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory study in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis include sporotrichoid leishmaniasis (sl), which is clinically described as a primary ulcer combined with lymphangitis and nodules and/or ulcerated lesions along its pathway. | 2017 | 28591261 |
| aspects of the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in the private natural heritage reserve sanctuary caraça. | leishmaniases are a set of parasitic diseases of zoonotic origin that are transmitted by sandfly vectors in wild, rural and urban environments. their distribution is dependent not only the distribution of vectors, but also on the distribution of mammalian reservoirs. only by understanding the transmission cycle of these diseases, such as knowing the participating vectors and reservoirs, can one can understand the epidemiology and ecological relationships of leishmaniases. ecotourism has become a ... | 2017 | 28570640 |
| low versus high dose of antimony for american cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized controlled blind non-inferiority trial in rio de janeiro, brazil. | although high dose of antimony is the mainstay for treatment of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), ongoing major concerns remain over its toxicity. whether or not low dose antimony regimens provide non-inferior effectiveness and lower toxicity has long been a question of dispute. | 2017 | 28558061 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis in israel 2016 - an update]. | leishmaniasis is endemic in israel and is increasing in its frequency. the pathogens that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in israel are leishmania major (l. major) and leishmania tropica (l. tropica). in recent years, there have been significant changes in the distribution of these species. l. major is endemic mainly in the negev, arava and the beit she'an valley. l. tropica is endemic in tiberias, northern sea of galilee, samaria and in the vicinity of jerusalem such as at kfar adumim, ma'al ... | 2016 | 28530056 |
| the use of kdna minicircle subclass relative abundance to differentiate between leishmania (l.) infantum and leishmania (l.) amazonensis. | leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by many leishmania species, belonging to subgenera leishmania (leishmania) and leishmania (viannia). several qpcr-based molecular diagnostic approaches have been reported for detection and quantification of leishmania species. many of these approaches use the kinetoplast dna (kdna) minicircles as the target sequence. these assays had potential cross-species amplification, due to sequence similarity between leishmania species. previous works demonstrate ... | 2017 | 28511704 |
| oral pentoxifylline associated with pentavalent antimony: a randomized trial for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | abstractcutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) by leishmania braziliensis is associated with decreasing cure rates in brazil. standard treatment with pentavalent antimony (sb(v)) cures only 50-60% of the cases. the immunopathogenesis of cl ulcer is associated with high interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production. pentoxifylline, a tnf inhibitor, has been successfully used in association with sb(v) in mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis. this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled tri ... | 2017 | 28500815 |
| evaluation of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) panamensis in colombia. | leishmaniases are parasitic vector-borne diseases affecting more than 12 million people in 98 countries. in colombia, leishmaniasis is widespread and the most common clinical manifestation is cutaneous, mainly caused by l. panamensis and l. braziliensis. currently, the genetic diversity of these species in colombia is unknown. to address this, we applied molecular techniques for their characterization, using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to explore the genetic variability and phylodynamics o ... | 2017 | 28499458 |
| nerolidol, the main constituent of piper aduncum essential oil, has anti-leishmania braziliensis activity. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis is a protozoan that causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which is an infectious disease that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. the available treatment is limited, has side-effects or is inefficient. in a search for alternative compounds of natural origin, we tested the microbicidal activity of piper aduncum essential oil (paeo) on this parasite. our data showed that paeo had an inhibitory effect on the growth of l. braziliensis promastigotes with an ... | 2017 | 28482935 |
| multi-anti-parasitic activity of arylidene ketones and thiazolidene hydrazines against trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. | a series of fifty arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines was evaluated against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. furthermore, new simplified thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives were evaluated against trypanosoma cruzi. the cytotoxicity of the active compounds on non-infected fibroblasts or macrophages was established in vitro to evaluate the selectivity of their anti-parasitic effects. seven thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives and ten arylideneketones had good activity against th ... | 2017 | 28481276 |
| in vitro inhibition of leishmania attachment to sandfly midguts and ll-5 cells by divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 and phosphoglycans. | leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. several aspects of the vector-parasite interaction involving gp63 and phosphoglycans have been individually assayed in different studies. however, their role under the same experimental conditions was not studied yet. here, the roles of divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 antibodies and purified type i phosphoglycans (pgs) were evaluated during in vitro parasite attachm ... | 2017 | 28472733 |
| cd3(+)cd4(neg)cd8(neg) (double negative) t lymphocytes and nkt cells as the main cytotoxic-related-cd107a(+) cells in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is caused by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, which infects dermal macrophages and dendritic cells, causing an intense immune-mediated-tissue inflammation and a skin ulcer with elevated borders that can heal spontaneously or after antimonial therapy. the resolution of lesions depends on an adaptive immune response, and cytotoxic cells seem to have a fundamental role in this process. the aim of this study is to better understand the role of cytotoxicity mediated mec ... | 2017 | 28468680 |
| correction: meta-transcriptome profiling of the human-leishmania braziliensis cutaneous lesion. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004992.]. | 2017 | 28467433 |