| oxidative stress reduced by a green tea concentrate and capsicum combination: synergistic effects. | reactive oxygen species that are produced by aerobic metabolism and signaling cascades have the potential to play important roles in maintaining homeostatic redox and cell proliferation. when the balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species is perturbed toward production, the result is oxidative stress. high levels of oxidative stress are a general characteristic of cancer. the altered redox state within a tumor microenvironment confers a growth advantage through inc ... | 2013 | 24237187 |
| reduced risk of dyslipidaemia with oolong tea consumption: a population-based study in southern china. | experimental studies have suggested that tea consumption could lower the risk of dyslipidaemia. however, epidemiological evidence is limited, especially in southern china, where oolong tea is the most widely consumed beverage. we conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the association between consumption of tea, especially oolong tea, and risk of dyslipidaemia in shantou, southern china, from 2010 to 2011. information on tea consumption, lifestyle characteristics and food con ... | 2014 | 24229494 |
| effects of tea consumption on renal function in a metropolitan chinese population: the guangzhou biobank cohort study. | green tea consumption has been associated with many prophylactic health benefits. this study examined for the first time associations between tea consumption and renal function in a chinese population. | 2014 | 24216256 |
| rapid tea catechins and caffeine determination by hplc using microwave-assisted extraction and silica monolithic column. | a rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method using a monolithic column for the determination of eight catechin monomers and caffeine was developed. using a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile:methanol (83:6:11) at a flow rate of 1.4 ml min(-1), the catechins and caffeine were isocratically separated in about 7 min. the limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.11-0.29 and 0.33-0.87 mg l(-1), respectively. satisfactory recoveries were obtained (94.2-105 ... | 2014 | 24206716 |
| human studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tea polyphenols. | recent research on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols after ingestion of green tea by humans is reviewed. glucuronide, sulfate, and methyl metabolites of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin glucuronide reach peak nanomolar per liter plasma concentrations 1.6-2.3 h after intake, indicating absorption in the small intestine. the concentrations then decline, and only trace amounts remain 8 h after ingestion. urinary excretion of metabolites over a 24-h period after green tea consumption correspon ... | 2013 | 24172307 |
| does tea prevent cancer? evidence from laboratory and human intervention studies. | tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage and has been extensively studied for its cancer-preventive activity. both the polyphenolic constituents as well as the caffeine in tea have been implicated as potential cancer-preventive compounds; the relative importance seems to depend on the cancer type. green tea and the green tea catechin have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis at a number of organ sites and to be effective when administered either during the initiation or postinitiatio ... | 2013 | 24172300 |
| cellular targets for the beneficial actions of tea polyphenols. | green and black teas contain different biologically active polyphenolic compounds that might offer protection against a variety of human diseases. although promising experimental and clinical data have shown protective effects, limited information is available on how these beneficial effects of tea polyphenols are mediated at the cellular level. evidence is accumulating that catechins in green tea as well as theaflavins and thearubigins from black tea are the substances responsible for the physi ... | 2013 | 24172299 |
| interactions of black tea polyphenols with human gut microbiota: implications for gut and cardiovascular health. | epidemiologic studies have convincingly associated consumption of black tea with reduced cardiovascular risk. research on the bioactive molecules has traditionally been focused on polyphenols, such as catechins. black tea polyphenols (btps), however, mainly consist of high-molecular-weight species that predominantly persist in the colon. there, they can undergo a wide range of bioconversions by the resident colonic microbiota but can in turn also modulate gut microbial diversity. the impact of b ... | 2013 | 24172295 |
| time-resolved in-situ observation of starch polysaccharide degradation pathways. | analytical challenges in the direct time-resolved observation of starch metabolism have been addressed by using optimized multidimensional nmr experiments. starch provides the main source of human dietary energy intake and is a raw material for beverage and renewable fuel production. use of direct in situ observations of starch remodeling pathways could facilitate our understanding and control of processes of biotechnological, medical, and environmental relevance. processes involving starch synt ... | 2013 | 24166781 |
| graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric detection of vanadium in water and food samples after solid phase extraction on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. | vanadium(v) ions as 8-hydroxyquinoline chelates were loaded on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) in a mini chromatographic column. vanadium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gfaas). various analytical parameters including ph of the working solutions, amounts of 8-hydroxyquinoline, eluent type, sample volume, and flow rates were investigated. the effects of matrix ions and some transition metals were also studied. the column can be reused 250 times without any ... | 2013 | 24148394 |
| antimutagenic activity and preventive effect of black tea on buccal mucosa cancer. | a black tea product was evaluated for anti-mutagenic and in vivo anticancer effects. at concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/plate, black tea exhibited anti-mutagenicity with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) in the salmonella typhimurium ta100 strain. a kunming (km) mouse buccal mucosa cancer model was established by injecting mice with u14 squamous cell carcinoma cells. following injection, the wound at the injection site was smeared with black tea. it was observed that the tumor volume ... | 2013 | 24137377 |
| dissipation kinetics of bifenazate in tea under tropical conditions. | field experiments were conducted during april and may of 2011 in valparai, coonoor and gudalur (tamil nadu, india) to determine the residues of bifenazate in black tea. from this study, residue levels of bifenazate at different harvest intervals, persistence, dissipation pattern during processing, rate constant and half-life values were calculated. residues of bifenazate dissipated exponentially after spraying and at gudalur trial, on the 16th day after application residues were below the maximu ... | 2014 | 24128589 |
| the fortification of tea with sweeteners and milk and its effect on in vitro antioxidant potential of tea product and glutathione levels in an animal model. | several studies have demonstrated that tea flavonoids protect cells and tissues against free radicals which have been implicated in the etiology of oxidative stress-related disease disorders. however, black tea is commonly consumed with additives that could otherwise affect the bioavailability of the active tea molecules. in this study, the biochemical parameters of kenyan teas were determined and the effect of added milk and sweeteners on the antioxidant activity of kenyan teas was investigated ... | 2014 | 24128460 |
| effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of tea polysaccharides. | four polysaccharides (tps-f, tps-v, tps-s and tps-m) were obtained from tea (camellia sinensis) leaves by freeze-drying, vacuum-drying, spray-drying and microwave-vacuum drying, respectively. their chemical composition and biological properties were comparatively studied. the results showed these tps were similar in ir, uv absorption and distribution of molecular weight. however, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and total pol ... | 2013 | 24120964 |
| effects of hibiscus sabdariffa l. on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | prevention of cardiovascular disease by modifying its major risk factors, including serum cholesterol levels, is an important strategy. hibiscus sabdariffa l. has been promoted for reducing cholesterol levels, but its reported impact on cholesterol levels has been inconsistent. the study aimed to assess systematically the evidence and quality of current research on the effect of hibiscus sabdariffa l. on blood lipids and its adverse effects. | 2013 | 24120746 |
| simultaneous determination of four aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in ginger and related products by hplc with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up and postcolumn photochemical derivatization. | ginger, a widely used spice and traditional chinese medicine, is prone to be contaminated by mycotoxins. a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method based on immunoaffinity column clean-up coupled with hplc and on-line postcolumn photochemical derivatization with fluorescence detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (afs) b1 , b2 , g1 , g2 , and ochratoxin a (ota) in 25 batches of gingers and related products marketed in china for the first time. the samples were ... | 2013 | 24115567 |
| identification of mirnas and their targets in tea (camellia sinensis). | micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small rnas playing a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as stress responses. among them, some are highly evolutionally conserved in the plant kingdom, this provide a powerful strategy for identifying mirnas in a new species. tea (camellia sinensis) is one of the most important commercial beverage crops in the world, but only a limited number of mirnas have been identified. in the present study, a total of 14 new c. sinensis mirnas were identif ... | 2013 | 24101208 |
| purification, characterization and biological activities in vitro of polysaccharides extracted from tea seeds. | three polysaccharide fractions (ntsps, atsps1-1 and atsps2) were isolated and purified from the water extract of tea (camellia sinensis) seeds with yields of 32.74%, 25.22%, and 11.09%, respectively. the average molecular weight of ntsps, atsps1-1 and atsps2 was determined by hpgpc system, with an mw of 4.588, 500 and 100 kda, respectively. monosaccharide analysis by ion chromatography revealed they differed from each other in monosaccharide kinds and molar ratio. furthermore, atsps1-1 and atsps ... | 2013 | 24099943 |
| green tea (camellia sinensis) administration induces expression of immune relevant genes and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | present study elucidates the efficacy of green tea (camellia sinensis) on growth performance, immune and antioxidant systems and cytokine gene expression in rainbow trout tissues. green tea was supplemented at 20, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1) diet and fed to fish (average weight: 23.5 g) for 35 days. no remarkable changes in growth performance were observed among all test groups. lower lipid peroxidation product and higher superoxide dismutase activity were noted in fish received the medium dose of gr ... | 2013 | 24096104 |
| soluble antioxidant compounds regenerate the antioxidants bound to insoluble parts of foods. | this study aimed to investigate the regeneration potential of antioxidant capacity of an insoluble food matrix. investigations were performed in vitro with several food matrices rich in dietary fiber (df) and bound antioxidants. after removal of the soluble fraction, the antioxidant capacity (ac) of the insoluble fraction was measured by the quencher procedure using abts(•+) or dpph(•) radicals. after measurement, the insoluble residue was washed out to remove the excess of radicals and treated ... | 2013 | 24093663 |
| going green: the role of the green tea component egcg in chemoprevention. | tea is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide, and green tea is the least processed from the buds of the camellia sinensis plant. the most abundant component of green tea is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), which has been the focus of many cell culture, animal and clinical trials, revealing that egcg possesses antiproliferative, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and chemopreventive effects. in this review we briefly summarize the mechanism of action(s) of the green ... | 2013 | 24077764 |
| susceptibility against grey blight disease-causing fungus pestalotiopsis sp. in tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) cultivars is influenced by anti-oxidative enzymes. | reactive oxygen species (ros) production is the first level of response by a host during stress. even though the ros are toxic to cell, when present in a limited amount, they act as a signalling molecule for the expression of defence-related genes and later are scavenged by either enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanisms of the host. the different anti-oxidative enzymes like glutathione reductase (gr), superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apo), peroxidase (pod) and poly ... | 2014 | 24068475 |
| green tea polyphenol decreases the severity of portosystemic collaterals and mesenteric angiogenesis in rats with liver cirrhosis. | abnormal angiogenesis in liver cirrhosis often leads to severe complications such as variceal haemorrhage and encephalopathy. furthermore, splanchnic angiogenesis elevates portal pressure, in which angiogenic factors play pivotal roles. gtp (green tea polyphenol) extracted from camellia sinensis has anti-angiogenic properties, but the effects on the parameters described above in cirrhosis have not been investigated. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of gtp in cirrhosis an ... | 2014 | 24063570 |
| stability of a cosmetic multiple emulsion loaded with green tea extract. | multiple emulsions are excellent and exciting potential systems for the delivery of useful cosmetic agents. the work describes stability of a multiple emulsion for cosmetic purpose, loaded with extract of camellia sinensis l. (theaceae) in concentration of 5%. the formulation constitutes of cetyl dimethicone copolyol and polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether as emulsifiers and was characterised and monitored for various physicochemical aspects. centrifugation has no devastating effect on physical des ... | 2013 | 24058284 |
| protective effects of ziyang tea polysaccharides on ccl4-induced oxidative liver damage in mice. | this study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the tea polysaccharides (ztps) extracted from a selenium-enriched ziyang green tea (camellia sinensis). ztps were identified as the heteropolysaccharides with glucose (31.4%), arabinose (23.5%) and galactose (21.8%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. ztps displayed noteworthy scavenging effects against dpph, oh and o2(-), and high antioxidant effects in vitro, and the effects were further verified by suppressing ccl ... | 2014 | 24054254 |
| heterogeneous fenton-like oxidation of monochlorobenzene using green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. | iron nanoparticles (fe nps) were synthesized using tea extracts as a catalyst for the fenton-like oxidation of monochlorobenzene (mcb), where 69%, 53%, and 39% of mcb were, respectively, degraded by fe nps synthesized using green tea extracts, oolong tea extracts, and black tea extracts. fe nps synthesized using green tea extracts (gt-fe nps) demonstrated the best degradation since green tea contains a high concentration of caffeine/polyphenols used as both reducing and capping agents in the syn ... | 2013 | 24034218 |
| tea polyphenols as novel and potent inhibitory substances against renin activity. | renin inhibitory activities of three tea products were investigated for the first time in this work. water extracts from fermented oolong and black tea showed strong renin inhibitory activities. by the means of ultrafiltration, gradient high performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopic analysis, four active compounds were separated from aqueous black tea extract and identified as theasinensin b, theasinensin c, strictinin, and a hexose sulfate with a galloyl moiety, which had ic50 values ... | 2013 | 24028635 |
| variation of photosynthesis, fatty acid composition, atpase and acid phosphatase activities, and anatomical structure of two tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) cultivars in response to fluoride. | the changes of photosynthetic parameters, water use efficiency (wue), fatty acid composition, chlorophyll (chl) content, malondialdehyde (mda) content, atpase and acid phosphatase activities, fluoride (f) content, and leaf anatomical structure of two tea cultivars, "pingyangtezao" (py) and "fudingdabai" (fd), after f treatments were investigated. the results show that net photosynthetic rate (p(n)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), and transpiration rate (e) significantly decreased in both cultivars ... | 2013 | 24023526 |
| serum adiponectin concentration in relation to macronutrient and food intake in young japanese women. | little is known about the relation of modifiable dietary factors to circulating adiponectin concentrations, particularly in young adults and non-western populations. the aim of this study was to determine the association between macronutrient and food intake and serum adiponectin concentration in a group of young japanese women. | 2015 | 24012281 |
| camellia sinensis neuroprotective role in experimentally induced hydrocephalus in wistar rats. | this study tested possible neuroprotective effects of camellia sinensis-extracted polyphenols in experimental hydrocephalus in young rats. | 2014 | 24005799 |
| polysaccharides from chinese tea: recent advance on bioactivity and function. | tea (camellia sinensis) has a long history of medicinal use in asian countries such as china, japan, india and thailand as ancient as 500,000 years ago. tea is globally one of the most popular and lowest cost beverages, next only to water. tea leaves are popularly consumed with unfermented (green tea), semi-fermented (oolong tea), and fermented (black and puerh) forms. the chemical composition of tea mainly includes polyphenols (tpp), proteins, polysaccharides (tps), chlorophyll, and alkaloids. ... | 2013 | 23994784 |
| bioactive components and preventive effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract on post-laparotomy intra-abdominal adhesion in rats. | adhesion formation is an important complication of abdomino-pelvic surgery. green tea (camellia sinensis) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects which prevent production and accumulation of collagen and, thus, may reduce adhesion formation. the present study examined the effect of green tea alcoholic extract on intra-abdominal adhesion formation. total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents as well as anti-oxidant activity were also evaluated. | 2013 | 23994005 |
| polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of ctc black tea of north-east india. | sixty black tea samples from different agro climatic zones of northeast india were assessed for biochemical constituents that determine quality and also influence organoleptic perception. the antioxidant activities such as α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, nitrite scavenging and super oxide scavenging, of the collected samples were analysed. out of the four antioxidant activities, the super oxide scavenging activity was lowest and nitrit ... | 2013 | 23993544 |
| black tea may be a prospective adjunct for calcium supplementation to prevent early menopausal bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis. | the present study was undertaken to find out the ability of black tea extract (bte) as a suitable alternative of adjunct for calcium supplementation in treating an ovariectomized rat model of early osteoporosis. female wistar rats weighing 140-150 g were divided into four groups consisting of six animals in each group: (a) sham-operated control; (b) bilaterally ovariectomized; (c) bilaterally ovariectomized + bte; (d) bilaterally ovariectomized + 17 β -estradiol. results suggest that bte could p ... | 2013 | 23984184 |
| antihypertensive medication and the effects of black tea on blood pressure variation. | | 2013 | 23964057 |
| [pancreatic cancer and lifestyle factors]. | pancreatic cancer is a serious cancer with unfavorable prognosis. due to differences in the incidence of pancreatic cancer in different regions, it is clear that factors associated with lifestyle play an important role in the etiology. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of selected lifestyle factors in relation to pancreatic cancer. | 2013 | 23961856 |
| does adding milk to tea delay gastric emptying? | many preoperative fasting guidelines suggest that hot tea or coffee with milk added should be considered similar to solid food, allowing an interval of 6 h before commencing anaesthesia. there is little evidence to support these instructions, with recent guidelines undecided on the issue. this study aimed to establish whether there was a clinically significant delay in gastric emptying associated with adding a modest amount of milk to tea. | 2014 | 23959782 |
| [chemical constituents of camellia sinensis var. assamica]. | to study the chemical constituents of camellia sinensis var. assamica. the compounds were isolated by nka macroporous resin silica gel, sephadex lh-20, rp-c18 column chromatographies and semi-preparative hplc,and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as caffeine (1), theobromine (2), gallic acid (3), (+)-catechin (4), ampelopsin (5), (-)-epicatechin (6), (-)-epiafzelechin (7), (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gall ... | 2013 | 23944074 |
| black tea high-molecular-weight polyphenol stimulates exercise training-induced improvement of endurance capacity in mouse via the link between ampk and glut4. | aerobic exercise can promote "fast-to-slow transition" in skeletal muscles, i.e. an increase in oxidative fibers, mitochondria, and myoglobin and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. here, we found that mice administered mitochondria activation factor (maf) combined with exercise training could run longer distances and for a longer time compared with the exercise only group; maf is a high-molecular-weight polyphenol purified from black tea. furthermore, maf intake combined with exercise ... | 2013 | 23922719 |
| estimated dietary intakes and sources of flavanols in the german population (german national nutrition survey ii). | data from intervention studies suggest a beneficial effect of flavanols on vascular health. however, insufficient data on their intake have delayed the assessment of their health benefits. the aim of this study was to estimate intake of flavanols and their main sources among people living in germany. | 2014 | 23917449 |
| dynamic changes in catechin levels and catechin biosynthesis-related gene expression in albino tea plants (camellia sinensis l.). | tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) leaves are a major source of flavonoids that mainly belong to the flavan-3-ols or catechins and are implicated in a wide range of health benefits. although the catechins in tea leaves were identified long ago, the regulatory mechanisms governing catechin biosynthesis remain unclear. in the present work, the dynamic changes of catechin levels and the expression profiles of catechin-related genes in albino tea plants were intensively examined. the amounts of ... | 2013 | 23911731 |
| amelioration of iron toxicity: a mechanism for aluminum-induced growth stimulation in tea plants. | tea plants (camellia sinensis) are well adapted to acid soils with high al availability. these plants not only accumulate high leaf al concentrations, but also respond to al with growth stimulation. decreased oxidative stress has been associated with this effect. why tea plants not exposed to al suffer from oxidative stress has not been clarified. in this study, hydroponically grown tea plants treated with 0 to 300 μm al were analyzed for growth, al and fe accumulation, and al distribution by me ... | 2013 | 23910825 |
| effect of kombucha, a fermented black tea in attenuating oxidative stress mediated tissue damage in alloxan induced diabetic rats. | diabetic complications associated with increased oxidative stress can be suppressed by antioxidants. in the present study we investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of kombucha (kt), a fermented black tea, in comparison to that of unfermented black tea (bt), in alx-induced diabetic rats. alx exposure lowered the body weight and plasma insulin by about 28.12% and 61.34% respectively and elevated blood glucose level and glycated hb by about 3.79 and 3.73 folds respectively. the oxida ... | 2013 | 23907022 |
| advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in china. | herbal tea is a commonly consumed beverage brewed from the leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, stems and roots of plants species rather than camellia sinensis l., which has been widely used for health care and diseases prevention for centuries. with the increasing consumption of herbal tea, a number of public health issues e.g., efficacy, safety and quality assurance have attracted concern. however, to date, there is no a review focus on herbal tea. phytochemical analysis, as a key step to investiga ... | 2013 | 23906802 |
| comparison of the dissipation behaviour of three neonicotinoid insecticides in tea. | the dissipation behaviour of three neonicotinoids - thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and acetamiprid - was compared in tea shoots, in chinese green and black tea, and after tea infusion in hot water. the simple and rapid analytical procedures for the quantification of these three residues in these matrices were developed using hplc with ultraviolet (uv) detection. degradation rates in tea shoots of neonicotinoids applied in either recommended or double dosages followed first-order kinetics, with half- ... | 2013 | 23906092 |
| effect of repeated wuniu early tea administration on the cyp450 activity using a cocktail method. | wuniu early tea (camellia sinensis) is an important beverage consumed in china. up to date, a lot of methods for identifying and chemical analysing have been done. however, there is no report on the effects of wuniu early tea on cytochrome p450 isozymes. therefore, the present objective of our study was to evaluate the potential effects of wuniu early tea on cytochrome p450 isozymes p2c9, p1a2, p2c19 and p2b6 in rats with a cocktail approach including, matching probe drugs of tolbutamide, phenac ... | 2013 | 23901167 |
| [application of black tea as a negative oral contrast in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (mrcp)]. | to investigate the feasibility of using black tea as a gastrointestinal oral negative contrast agent to null the signal from fluid in bowel during mr cholangiopancreatography (mrcp). | 2013 | 23898539 |
| treatment of oral mucositis in hematologic patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells: a prospective, randomized study with a mouthwash containing camelia sinensis leaf extract. | oral mucositis is an important side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hcst), mainly due to toxicity of conditioning regimens. it produces significant pain and morbidity. the present study reports a prospective, randomized, non-blinded study testing the efficacy of a new mouthwash, called baxidil onco(®) (sanitas farmaceutici srl, tortona, italy) in 60 hematologic patients undergoing hcst (28 autologous, 32 allogeneic). baxidil onco(®), used three times a day from day -1 to day + ... | 2013 | 23888242 |
| chromatographic analysis of methylglyoxal and other α-dicarbonyls using gas-diffusion microextraction. | many α-dicarbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal, diacetyl and pentane-2,3-dione are important quality markers of processed foods. they are produced by enzymatic and chemical processes, the maillard reaction is the most known chemical route for α-dicarbonyl formation. in the case of methylglyoxal, there are obstacles to be overcome when analysing this compound due to its high reactivity, low volatility and low concentration. the use of extraction techniques based on the volatilization of methyl ... | 2013 | 23883921 |
| in vitro hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic potential of white tea polyphenols. | the leaves at different processing stages of a single tea cultivar in order to obtain white (wt), green (gt) and black tea (bt) samples, were analysed. the capacities of tea polyphenolics to influence the glucose and lipid metabolism in hepg2 cell lines were evaluated. wt appeared the most active in reducing the glucose and cholesterol uptake (+17.7% and +32.4% in the glucose and cholesterol cell medium concentration, respectively). incubation with wt enhanced ldl receptor binding activity by 40 ... | 2013 | 23870971 |
| monitoring tea fermentation/manufacturing by direct analysis in real time (dart) mass spectrometry. | factors such as fermentation methods, geographical origin and season can affect the biochemical composition of tea leaves (camellia sinensis l.). in this study, the biochemical composition of oolong tea during the manufacturing and fermentation process was studied using a non-targeted method utilising ambient ionisation with a direct analysis in real time (dart) ion source and mass spectrometry (ms). caffeine dominated the positive ionisation spectra throughout the manufacturing process, while t ... | 2013 | 23870928 |
| the effect of camellia sinensis on wound healing potential in an animal model. | camellia sinensis (tea) is reported to have health benefits, including the building of healthy skin. this study evaluated the effects of topical application of camellia sinensis extract on the rate of wound closure and the histology of wound area. a uniform area of 2.00 cm in diameter was excised from the neck of adult male sprague dawley rats. the animals were topically treated with 0.2 ml of vehicle (cmc), intrasite gel (positive control), or 200 and 400 mg/ml of extract. wounds dressed with t ... | 2013 | 23864889 |
| screening of tea (camellia sinensis) for trait-associated molecular markers. | this study was done to identify random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers that may associate with seven important traits in tea. sixty rapd primers were first screened using 18 cultivars under each of the 7 traits, followed by confirmatory screening of 20 promising primers with 32 tea cultivars. six rapd primers generated a total of nine specific bands that associated with six desired traits: black tea quality and tolerance to drought, high temperature, low temperature, phomopsis theae, an ... | 2013 | 23852798 |
| genoprotection and genotoxicity of green tea (camellia sinensis): are they two sides of the same redox coin? | regular intake of green tea associates with lower dna damage and increased resistance of dna to oxidant challenge. however, in vitro pro-oxidant effects of green tea have been reported. both effects could be mediated by hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) which is generated by autoxidation of tea catechins. in large amounts, h2o2 is genotoxic, but low concentrations could activate the redox-sensitive antioxidant response element (are) via the keap-1/nrf2 redox switch, inducing genoprotective adaptations. o ... | 2013 | 23849339 |
| green tea catechins: defensive role in cardiovascular disorders. | green tea, camellia sinensis (theaceae), a major source of flavonoids such as catechins, has recently shown multiple cardiovascular health benefits through various experimental and clinical studies. these studies suggest that green tea catechins prevent the incidence of detrimental cardiovascular events, and also lower the cardiovascular mortality rate. catechins present in green tea have the ability to prevent atherosclerosis, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, ischemic heart diseases, card ... | 2013 | 23845542 |
| a comparative study of volatile components in green, oolong and black teas by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. | the difference of volatile components in green, oolong and black teas was studied by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc×gc-tofms). simultaneous distillation extraction was proved to be a suitable technique to extract the analytes with interest. a total of 450 compounds were tentatively identified with comparison to the standard mass spectra in available databases, retention index on the first dimension and structured chromatogram. 33 tea s ... | 2013 | 23838302 |
| fuzhuanins a and b: the b-ring fission lactones of flavan-3-ols from fuzhuan brick-tea. | fuzhuan brick-tea is a special dark tea prepared from the leaves of camellia sinensis var. sinensis. its production involves a fungal fermentation stage, which forms the unique flavors and functions by a series of biochemical reactions. our phytochemical research of the material led to the isolation of two new b-ring fission lactones of flavan-3-ols, fuzhuanins a (1) and b (2). in addition, three other flavan-3-ol derivatives (3-5), three flavone c-glycosides (6-8), eight flavonoid o-glycosides ... | 2013 | 23837839 |
| a hair growth-promoting effect of chinese black tea extract in mice. | chinese black tea extract (cbte) fermented with aspergillus sp. significantly promoted hair growth after 2 weeks of topical application in shaved 6 week-old male c3h/he mice. the hair growth-promoting effect of cbte was potentiated synergistically by capsaicin, which has no effect on hair growth by itself. cbte displayed an affinity for estrogen receptor (er)α, with an ic50 value of 74.8 µg/ml. this effect of cbte might be mediated by the ers, since a similar effect induced by orally administere ... | 2013 | 23832356 |
| adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon produced from tea (camellia sinensis l.) seed shells: kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies. | tea (camellia sinensis l.) seed shells, the main byproduct of the manufacture of tea seed oil, were used as precursors for the preparation of tea activated carbon (tac) in the present study. a high yield (44.1%) of tac was obtained from tea seed shells via a one-step chemical method using zncl2 as an agent. the brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) surface area and the total pore volumes of the obtained tac were found to be 1530.67 mg(2)/g and 0.7826 cm(3)/g, respectively. the equilibrium adsorption resu ... | 2013 | 23825151 |
| transgenic tobacco overexpressing tea cdna encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin reductase induces early flowering and provides biotic stress tolerance. | flavan-3-ols contribute significantly to flavonoid content of tea (camellia sinensis l.). dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) and anthocyanidin reductase (anr) are known to be key regulatory enzymes of flavan-3-ols biosynthesis. in this study, we have generated the transgenic tobacco overexpressing individually tea cdna csdfr and csanr encoding for dfr and anr to evaluate their influence on developmental and protective abilities of plant against biotic stress. the transgenic lines of csdfr and csa ... | 2013 | 23823500 |
| effect of increasing levels of zinc fortificant on the iron absorption of bread co-fortified with iron and zinc consumed with a black tea. | iron (fe) and zinc's (zn) interaction at the absorptive level can have an effect on the success of co-fortification of wheat flour with both minerals on iron deficiency prevention. the aim of the study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of zinc fortificant on the iron absorption of bread co-fortified with iron and zinc consumed with a black tea. twelve women aged 33-42 years participated in the study. they received on four different days 200 ml of black tea and 100 g of bread made ... | 2013 | 23821315 |
| mitochondrial membrane permeabilisation by amyloid aggregates and protection by polyphenols. | alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease are neurodegenerative disorders characterised by the misfolding of proteins into soluble prefibrillar aggregates. these aggregate complexes disrupt mitochondrial function, initiating a pathophysiological cascade leading to synaptic and neuronal degeneration. in order to explore the interaction of amyloid aggregates with mitochondrial membranes, we made use of two in vitro model systems, namely: (i) lipid vesicles with defined membrane compositions that ... | 2013 | 23817009 |
| hplc-dad determination of seven antioxidants and caffeine in different phytopharmaceuticals. | a high-performance liquid chromatography method employing diode array detection was developed to determine levels of the major catechins, proanthocyanidin (procyanidin b2), caffeine, thymoquinone and carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, which are present in different natural complex matrices found in commercial products of camellia sinensis l. and/or nigella sativa l. reversed-phase separation was performed on a c18 column by using gradient elution by varying the proportions of solvent a (distilled ... | 2014 | 23811048 |
| classification of tea category using a portable electronic nose based on an odor imaging sensor array. | a developed portable electronic nose (e-nose) based on an odor imaging sensor array was successfully used for classification of three different fermentation degrees of tea (i.e., green tea, black tea, and oolong tea). the odor imaging sensor array was fabricated by printing nine dyes, including porphyrin and metalloporphyrins, on the hydrophobic porous membrane. a color change profile for each sample was obtained by differentiating the image of sensor array before and after exposure to tea's vol ... | 2013 | 23810847 |
| inducing apoptosis of cancer cells using small-molecule plant compounds that bind to grp78. | glucose regulated protein 78 (grp78) functions as a sensor of endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that molecules that bind to grp78 induce the unfolded protein response (upr) and enhance cell death in combination with er stress inducers. | 2013 | 23807168 |
| should we drink black tea without milk? | | 2013 | 23802249 |
| inclusivity, exclusivity and limit of detection of commercially available real-time pcr assays for the detection of salmonella. | the traditional cultural detection of salmonella spp. is both time- and labour-intensive. salmonella is often a release criterion for the food industry and time to result is therefore an important factor. storage of finished products and raw materials can be costly and may adversely impact available shelf-life. the application of real-time pcr for the detection of salmonella spp. in food samples enables a potential time-saving of up to four days. the advancement of real-time pcr coupled with the ... | 2013 | 23800733 |
| global transcriptome profiles of camellia sinensis during cold acclimation. | tea is the most popular non-alcoholic health beverage in the world. the tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) needs to undergo a cold acclimation process to enhance its freezing tolerance in winter. changes that occur at the molecular level in response to low temperatures are poorly understood in tea plants. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cold acclimation, we employed rna-seq and digital gene expression (dge) technologies to the study of genome-wide expression profiles during co ... | 2013 | 23799877 |
| synergistic effect of black tea and curcumin in improving the hepatotoxicity induced by aflatoxin b1 in rats. | aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a toxic compound commonly found as a contaminant in human food. it is carcinogenic due its potential in inducing the oxidative stress and distortion of the most antioxidant enzymes. since black tea possesses strong antioxidant activity, it protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress. curcumin (cmn), a naturally occurring agent, has a combination of biological and pharmacological properties that include antioxidant activity. therefore, the present study was carried ... | 2015 | 23796760 |
| green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. | there is increasing evidence that both green and black tea are beneficial for cardiovascular disease (cvd) prevention. | 2013 | 23780706 |
| a systematic review of anti-obesity medicinal plants - an update. | obesity is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many complications in the form of chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and stroke. a systematic review about safety and efficacy of herbal medicines in the management of obesity in human was carried out by searching bibliographic data bases such as, pubmed, scopus, google scholar, web of science, and iranmedex, for studies reported between 30th december 2008 to 23rd april 2012 on human or animals, inve ... | 2013 | 23777875 |
| discrimination of oolong tea (camellia sinensis) varieties based on feature extraction and selection from aromatic profiles analysed by hs-spme/gc-ms. | this study aimed to develop an objective and accurate analytical method to discriminate oolong tea varieties that easily causing adulteration by potential volatile compounds. a total of 75 oolong tea samples of five similar varieties (tieguanyin, benshan, maoxie, huangjingui and jinguanyin) were analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction (hs-spme) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the relative content of 26 major volatile compounds varied significantly according t ... | 2013 | 23768356 |
| color stability of different composite resin materials. | data are needed to better predict the color stability of current composite resin materials. | 2013 | 23763782 |
| optimisation of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oil of flowers of tea (camellia sinensis l.) plants and its antioxidative activity. | to extract natural volatile compounds from tea (camellia sinensis) flowers without thermal degradation and residue of organic solvents, supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) using carbon dioxide was employed to prepare essential oil of tea flowers in the present study. four important parameters--pressure, temperature, static extraction time, and dynamic extraction time--were selected as independent variables in the sfe. | 2014 | 23754602 |
| black tea, green tea and risk of breast cancer: an update. | previous meta-analysis indicated conflicting results in case-control versus cohort studies on the association of green tea with breast cancer risk, and conflicting results were also found in case-control versus cohort studies in another meta-analysis on the association of black tea with breast cancer risk. many studies were published after the previous meta-analysis. besides, the dose-response relationship of tea consumption with breast cancer risk is unclear. thus the association of tea consump ... | 2013 | 23750333 |
| what is under the hump? mass spectrometry based analysis of complex mixtures in processed food--lessons from the characterisation of black tea thearubigins, coffee melanoidines and caramel. | in this contribution we review our work on the characterisation of processed food. we review novel methods and analysis strategies developed to account for the composition of extraordinarily complex materials such as black tea thearubigins, coffee melanoidines and thermally treated carbohydrates. our methods are mainly based on modern mass spectrometry and are introduced and critically discussed. a series of novel previously unpublished data interpretation strategies are presented as well. final ... | 2013 | 23748630 |
| the use of green tea extract in cosmetic formulations: not only an antioxidant active ingredient. | green tea (gt) extracts contain polyphenols, known to be effective free radical scavengers, and other ingredients that could also provide benefits to the skin. this is a report on clinical studies using objective, noninvasive methods to evaluate the effects of cosmetic formulations containing gt. experimental formulations were supplemented or not (vehicle) with 6% camellia sinensis glycolic leaf extracts (gt). these formulations were applied to the forearm skin of 24 volunteers, and their effect ... | 2013 | 23742288 |
| phenolics metabolism in boron-deficient tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] plants. | modification in the metabolism of phenolic compounds under boron (b) deficiency conditions was studied in tea plants. plants were grown from seed, treated with low b in hydroponic medium under environmentally controlled conditions for six weeks. dry matter production and b content of plants were significantly declined under b deficiency conditions. boron starvation resulted in rising phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in the young leaves and declining polyphenol oxidase activity in the roots. ... | 2013 | 23739888 |
| application of green zero-valent iron nanoparticles to the remediation of soils contaminated with ibuprofen. | zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nzvis) are often used in environmental remediation. their high surface area that is associated with their high reactivity makes them an excellent agent capable of transforming/degrading contaminants in soils and waters. due to the recent development of green methods for the production of nzvis, the use of this material became even more attractive. however, the knowledge of its capacity to degrade distinct types of contaminants is still scarce. the present work des ... | 2013 | 23738986 |
| tea consumption and the risk of oral cancer incidence: a case-control study from china. | to evaluate the relation of tea consumption with the risk of oral cancer incidence. | 2013 | 23731795 |
| dietary flavonoid intake, black tea consumption, and risk of overall and advanced stage prostate cancer. | flavonoids are natural antioxidants found in various foods, and a major source is black tea. some experimental evidence indicates that flavonoids could prevent prostate cancer. we investigated the associations between flavonoid intake, black tea consumption, and prostate cancer risk in the netherlands cohort study, which includes 58,279 men who provided detailed baseline information on several cancer risk factors. from 1986 to 2003, 3,362 prostate cancers were identified, including 1,164 advance ... | 2013 | 23722011 |
| active extracts of black tea (camellia sinensis) induce apoptosis of pc-3 prostate cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. | cancer of the prostate gland is the most common invasive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in human males. many studies have shown that black tea reduces the risk of several types of cancer. we studied the effects of active extracts of black tea and the black tea polyphenols theaflavins (tfs), on the cellular proliferation and mitochondria of the human prostate cancer cell line pc-3. our studies revealed that yinghong black tea extracts (ybt), assam black tea extrac ... | 2013 | 23715786 |
| effect of tea (camellia sinensis) and olive (olea europaea l.) leaves extracts on male mice exposed to diazinon. | the present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of tea and olive leaves extracts and their combination in male mice intoxicated with a sublethal concentration of diazinon. exposure of mice to 6.5 mg/kg body weight of diazinon for seven weeks resulted in statistical increases of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, while the value of serum total protei ... | 2013 | 23691503 |
| zinc modulates drought-induced biochemical damages in tea [camellia sinensis (l) o kuntze]. | zinc (zn) is an essential micronutrient that affects the growth and productivity of tea plant. drought stress causes various biochemical and physiological damages in plants. the present study aims at understanding the role of zn in modulating drought stress induced growth and biochemical damages in tea plant. the results of the present investigation demonstrated that drought-induced decrease in relative water content (rwc), dry mass of leaf, and antioxidants such as ascorbate and glutathione in ... | 2013 | 23682650 |
| ethosomes in hair dye products as carriers of the major compounds of black tea extracts. | this study describes a novel carrier, the ethosome-based system, which is composed of non-ionic surfactants, ethanol, and water. | 2013 | 23676188 |
| prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in a large cohort of iranian adult population. | there is considerable variation in hypertension prevalence and awareness, and their correlates, across different geographic locations and ethnic groups. we performed this cross-sectional analysis on data from the golestan cohort study (gcs). | 2013 | 23673348 |
| a review on botanical species and chemical compounds with appetite suppressing properties for body weight control. | as obesity has reached epidemic proportions, the management of this global disease is of clinical importance. the availability and popularity of natural dietary supplements for the treatment of obesity has risen dramatically in recent years. the purpose of this paper was to review the effect of commonly available over the counter plant-derived supplements used to suppress appetite for obesity control and management. the data were obtained from the electronic databases pubmed, springerlink, googl ... | 2013 | 23666454 |
| [a case-control study on tea consumption and the risk of lung cancer]. | to investigate the association between tea consumption and lung cancer. | 2013 | 23654095 |
| cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of lifestyle factors with depressive symptoms in ≥ 53-year old taiwanese - results of an 8-year cohort study. | the objective of this study is to determine the concurrent and longitudinal associations of lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol drinking, betel quid chewing, tea (camellia sinensis) drinking and physical activity with depressive symptoms in older taiwanese. | 2013 | 23651861 |
| bioactive-rich sideritis scardica tea (mountain tea) is as potent as camellia sinensis tea at inducing cellular antioxidant defences and preventing oxidative stress. | in several countries, tea (hot-water infusions of dried camellia sinensis (cs) leaves) is a major source of antioxidant flavonoids, and its consumption has been associated with several favourable outcomes. other plants used for the preparation of herbal teas are sources of phenolic antioxidant compounds; among them sideritis scardica (ss) is used for the preparation of a popular drink throughout eastern and central europe. we have compared the effects of an ss extract to a cs extract in hepg2 ce ... | 2013 | 23649594 |
| tissue-specific, development-dependent phenolic compounds accumulation profile and gene expression pattern in tea plant [camellia sinensis]. | phenolic compounds in tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.)] play a crucial role in dominating tea flavor and possess a number of key pharmacological benefits on human health. the present research aimed to study the profile of tissue-specific, development-dependent accumulation pattern of phenolic compounds in tea plant. a total of 50 phenolic compounds were identified qualitatively using liquid chromatography in tandem mass spectrometry technology. of which 29 phenolic compounds were quantified bas ... | 2013 | 23646127 |
| prevention of chronic diseases by tea: possible mechanisms and human relevance. | tea, made from leaves of the plant camellia sinensis, theaceae, has been used by humans for thousands of years, first as a medicinal herb and then as a beverage that is consumed widely. for the past 25 years, tea has been studied extensively for its beneficial health effects, including prevention of cancer, reduction of body weight, alleviation of metabolic syndrome, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and protection against neurodegenerative diseases. whether these effects can be produced by ... | 2013 | 23642203 |
| possible adverse reactions to herbal products: a study with individuals who resort to popular medicine in the city of diadema, sp, brazil. | the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of adverse reactions (adrs) related to herbal products (hps), which are purchased over-the-counter for self-treatment, reported by 100 users. samples of the hps related to those adrs were purchased for their pharmacobotanical identification. the adrs reported were evaluated based on specialized literature and were analyzed according to causality into probable (pr), possible (po), unrelated (ur) or unclassifiable (uc); according to expectance ... | 2014 | 23640707 |
| effect of emulsification on the skin permeation and uv protection of catechin. | an anti-aging effect may be obtained by skin application of tea catechins (camellia sinensis) since they have high ultraviolet (uv)-protection activity. in this study, the skin permeation of catechin (c), epicatechin (ec), epigallocatechin (egc), epicatechin gallate (ecg) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) was determined and compared, and the effect of emulsification on the skin permeation of c was measured. the uv-protective effect of c was also determined. the in vitro skin permeability of ea ... | 2014 | 23639253 |
| correlation between catechin content and nf-κb inhibition by infusions of green and black tea. | this study investigates whether infusions of green and black tea inhibit the nf-κb driven transcription in human epithelial gastric ags cells. water extracts were prepared from different brands of green and black tea available on the italian market. teas with or without caffeine were studied. an industrially prepared freeze-dried water extract of green tea was also tested. catechin and caffeine contents were measured by hplc analysis. the decrease in phenol and catechin content three months afte ... | 2013 | 23636906 |
| neurochemical and behavioral effects of green tea (camellia sinensis): a model study. | being rich in polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, green tea is suggested to be a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity, stress, depression, parkinson's and other disorders. since serotonin has an important role in the pathophysiology of these disorders, present study was designed to monitor the effects of green tea in rats. green tea extract was provided to the male albino wistar rats for 5 weeks, and effects on behaviors were monitored. results show a decrease in food intake a ... | 2013 | 23625424 |
| protective effects of keemun black tea polysaccharides on acute carbon tetrachloride-caused oxidative hepatotoxicity in mice. | this study was designed to investigate chemical characterization of the water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from keemun black tea (kbtp), and their antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects against ccl4-induced oxidative damage in mice. hplc analysis revealed that kbtp is the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and consisted of nine monosaccharides. furthermore, kbtp showed highly ferric-reducing antioxidant power and scavenging effects against dpph, oh and o2(-) in vitro. administration of ... | 2013 | 23623843 |
| chemical composition, plant secondary metabolites, and minerals of green and black teas and the effect of different tea-to-water ratios during their extraction on the composition of their spent leaves as potential additives for ruminants. | this study characterized the chemical composition of green and black teas as well as their spent tea leaves (stl) following boiling in water with different tea-to-water ratios. the green and black tea leaves had statistically similar (g/kg dry matter (dm), unless stated otherwise) dm (937 vs 942 g/kg sample), crude protein (240 vs 242), and ash (61.8 vs 61.4), but green tea had significantly higher (g/kg dm) total phenols (231 vs 151), total tannins (204 vs 133), condensed tannins (176 vs 101), ... | 2013 | 23621359 |
| two new oleanane-type triterpenes isolated from japanese post-fermented tea produced by anaerobic microbial fermentation. | four triterpenes were isolated from a traditional japanese tea product produced by anaerobic microbial fermentation of heated green tea leaves (camellia sinensis). two of the compounds were novel and characterized by spectroscopic investigation to be 13,26-epoxy-3β,11α-dihydroxyolean-12-one and 3β,11α,13β-trihydroxyolean-12-one. two known triterpenes were identified as taraxastane-3β,20β-diol and taraxastane-3β,20α-diol. these triterpenes were not detected in the original green tea leaves. | 2013 | 23615533 |
| impact of thearubigins on the estimation of total dietary flavonoids in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (epic) study. | thearubigins (tr) are polymeric flavanol-derived compounds formed during the fermentation of tea leaves. comprising ∼70% of total polyphenols in black tea, tr may contribute majorly to its beneficial effects on health. to date, there is no appropriate food composition data on tr, although several studies have used data from the us department of agriculture (usda) database to estimate tr intakes. we aimed to estimate dietary tr in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition ( ... | 2013 | 23612513 |