| comparison of culture and rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group b streptococcus in high-risk pregnancies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the equate strep b(r) test for clinical use in patients at high risk for complications from group b streptococcus (gbs) disease. | 1994 | 18475376 |
| group b streptococcus meningitis following elective termination of pregnancy: two case reports. | although maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) infections are common, serious infections are rare with prompt diagnosis and treatment. we present 2 cases of gbs meningitis occurring 3 and 10 days after elective abortion. in the first patient, gbs meningitis was definitely related to the elective termination. in the second patient, however, no evidence for a causal relationship could be established and can only be presumed. | 1995 | 18475408 |
| significance of gram's stain in rapid intrapartum screening for maternal carriership of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs, streptococcus agalactiae) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis. prevention is possible by intrapartum screening for maternal gbs carriership and antimicrobial treatment of colonized women with risk factors during labor. the conflicting results of diagnostic performance are reported both for the newly developed rapid gbs antigen tests and gram's stain. | 1995 | 18476031 |
| ethical issues associated with routine screening and prophylaxis for group b streptococcus in pregnancy. | an increased awareness of the impact of group b streptococcus (gbs) infection on neonatal outcome has prompted several seemingly discordant committee recommendations. intrapartum antibiotics are effective in reducing the risk of neonatal morbidity when administered to a colonized woman who has a clinical condition that places her neonate at high risk for early-onset sepsis. however, less is known about the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in the colonized woman who does not have obvious risk ... | 1996 | 18476063 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis for presumptive group b streptococcal infection in preterm premature rupture of the membranes: effect on neonatal and maternal infectious morbidity. | objective: the purpose of this study was to determine if the prevalence of neonatal and maternal infectious morbidity in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (prom) who received ampicillin prophylaxis for presemptive group b streptococcal colonization is increased compared to those who received no prophylaxis.methods: the charts of all patients with preterm prom who delivered between january 1988 and december 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. the routine use of ampicillin proph ... | 1996 | 18476117 |
| longitudinal study of group b streptococcus carriage in pregnancy. | | 1997 | 18476144 |
| statistical models for vaginal microflora: identifying women at risk for group b streptococcus colonization as a test of concept. | objective: the purpose of this study was to formulate a statistical model that relates human microflora to probabilities for vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus (gbs).methods: longitudinal observations of total bacterial concentrations at various times during the menstrual cycle were obtained from overtly healthy, non-pregnant, menarcheal women. during each menstrual period and at appropriate intermenstrual times, the duplicate swab technique was used to sample the vaginal vault to obt ... | 1997 | 18476181 |
| two cases of transient pseudohypoaldosteronism due to group b streptococcus pyelonephritis. | | 2008 | 18481108 |
| group b streptococcus exploits lipid rafts and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/akt signaling pathway to invade human endometrial cells. | we sought to determine the role lipid rafts and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) in invasiveness of group b streptococci (gbs) to endometrial cells. | 2008 | 18486087 |
| an antiinflammatory role for ikkbeta through the inhibition of "classical" macrophage activation. | the nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) pathway plays a central role in inflammation and immunity. in response to proinflammatory cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, nf-kappab activation is controlled by ikappab kinase (ikk)beta. using cre/lox-mediated gene targeting of ikkbeta, we have uncovered a tissue-specific role for ikkbeta during infection with group b streptococcus. although deletion of ikkbeta in airway epithelial cells had the predicted effect of inhibiting inflammatio ... | 2008 | 18490491 |
| maternal group b streptococcus infection, neonatal outcome and the role of preventive strategies. | to determine the newborn infection rate with group b streptococcus infection (gbs) before and after american academy of pediatrics protocol (aap) implementation in croatia, antenatal risk factors, neonatal outcome and necessity for introducing national policy for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. to evaluate the role of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis in preterm labor at < 37 weeks of gestation, premature rupture of membranes at < 37 weeks of gestation, fever during labor, ruptures of membranes > 18 ho ... | 2008 | 18494200 |
| evaluation of strepb carrot broth versus lim broth for detection of group b streptococcus colonization status of near-term pregnant women. | the performance of strepb carrot broth (scb) versus group b lim broth (lim) for detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization status in near-term pregnant women (35 to 37 weeks of gestation) was evaluated. dually collected vaginal/rectal swabs from 279 women enrolled from a single large maternity clinic were analyzed. fifty (18%) women were colonized by gbs according to both methods. scb had excellent diagnostic performance compared to lim, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predict ... | 2008 | 18524962 |
| sortase a utilizes an ancillary protein anchor for efficient cell wall anchoring of pili in streptococcus agalactiae. | pili are putative virulence factors and promising vaccine candidates in streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) infection, a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. the genes necessary for pilus synthesis and assembly are clustered in pilus islands (pi). each gene encodes three structural subunits (a backbone and two ancillary proteins) bearing a c-terminal lpxtg motif and two subfamily c sortases (srtc) involved in covalent polymerization of the subunits. gbs strains als ... | 2008 | 18541657 |
| cutaneous myiasis from panama, south america: case report and review. | myiasis is a cutaneous infestation with larvae of diptera, the two-winged arthropod order. eggs and/or larvae are transmitted directly from the environment or via arthropod vectors. larvae are able to burrow into the dermis of intact skin or external body orifices. three clinical variants of myiasis are furuncular, migratory (creeping), and infestation of wounds. | 2008 | 18544297 |
| [childhood bacterial meningitis trends in japan from 2005 to 2006]. | we surveyed pediatric bacterial meningitis epidemiology from january 2005 to december 2006 in japan, with the following results. bacterial meningitis cases numbered 246 -138 boys and 108 girls-, equivalent to 1.7-1.72 children of 1,000 hospitalized in pediatrics per year. the age distribution for infection was highest in those under 1 year of age and decreased with increasing age, haemophilus influenzae was the most common infection causing the pathogen, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae, gro ... | 2008 | 18546848 |
| genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in group b streptococcus colonizing young, nonpregnant women. | the genetic diversity of group b streptococcus in young, nonpregnant women is not well studied. application of multilocus sequence analysis to 85 group b streptococcus strains recovered from college students revealed similarities and differences in distribution of group b streptococcus lineages, compared with that of previously studied pregnant populations, and revealed that strains of 1 clone were associated with antibiotic resistance. | 2008 | 18558880 |
| group b streptococcal beta-hemolysin/cytolysin directly impairs cardiomyocyte viability and function. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis where myocardial dysfunction is an important contributor to poor outcome. here we study the effects of the gbs pore-forming beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (bh/c) exotoxin on cardiomyocyte viability, contractility, and calcium transients. | 2008 | 18560574 |
| invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in norway 1996-2006. | the aim of this study was to survey the occurrence of invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in norway and detect possible trends in characteristics of invasive gbs strains from 1996 to 2006. data from national monitoring systems for infectious diseases in norway were analysed. of 638,452 live births in the period, 434 cases of invasive gbs disease in infants were reported. in adults and children older than 1 year of age, 969 cases were reported. the incidence of invasive gbs disease incre ... | 2008 | 18560908 |
| use of phenotypic and molecular serotype identification methods to characterize previously nonserotypeable group b streptococci. | among 1,762 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]), 207 (12%) initially nonserotypeable isolates were tested by improved conventional serotyping methods (lancefield antigen extraction with 0.1 and 0.2 n hcl, latex agglutination assays, and use of antisera against all known serotypes [ia, ib, and ii to ix]) and a molecular serotype identification system (multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot [mpcr/rlb] assays targeting serotype-specific sites in the region spanning cps ... | 2008 | 18562579 |
| congenital asplenia and group b streptococcus sepsis in the adult: case report and review of the literature. | asplenia is associated with an increased incidence of fatal and life-threatening sepsis caused by encapsulated pathogens. isolated congenital asplenia is a very rare condition, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. the authors report another case of this condition complicated by overwhelming group b streptococcus sepsis secondary to paronychia that was managed successfully. | 2008 | 18564289 |
| rapid diagnosis of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis complicating group b streptococcus meningitis by multidetector ct venography. | | 2008 | 18567740 |
| subphrenic abscess after cesarean section in term pregnancy complicated by chorioamnionitis. | subphrenic abscess is rare after cesarean section. | 2008 | 18570582 |
| [retropharyngeal phlegmon caused by a group b streptococcus in a diabetic patient: report of one case]. | we report a 47 year-old diabetic male, admitted due to metabolic decompensation, malaise, purulent pharyngeal discharge and a mass in the posterior cervical region. blood glucose was 270 mg/dl, a nasopharyngoscopy showed a pharyngeal phlegmon and ct scan confirmed the presence of a phlegmon in the retropharyngeal region. he was treated with sodium penicillin, cloxacillin and ceftriazone and the phlegmon was drained surgically. the culture of the purulent discharge gave growth to a group b strept ... | 2008 | 18575662 |
| metallopeptidases produced by group b streptococcus: influence of proteolytic inhibitors on growth and on interaction with human cell lineages. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major etiologic agent of neonatal bacterial infections and is the most common cause of sepsis and pneumonia in newborns. surface and secreted molecules of gbs are often essential virulence factors which are involved in the adherence of the bacteria to host cells or are required to suppress the defense mechanisms of hosts. we analyzed the peptidase profiles of gbs by detection of proteolytic activities on sds-page containing copolymerized gelatin as substrate. bas ... | 2008 | 18575784 |
| group b streptococcus induces trophoblast death. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is one of the leading causes of neonatal infection; however the molecular mechanisms involved are not clearly known. here we used high and low hemolytic gbs isolates and mutant gbs that lacks beta-hemolysin expression and showed that gbs infection or exposure to gbs hemolysin extract induces primary human trophoblast, placental fibroblast and jeg3 trophoblast cell line death, and that gbs-induced trophoblast death was beta-hemolysin dependent. the fibroblasts and trop ... | 2008 | 18599257 |
| children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. | the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in children in the era of widespread heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccination (pcv7) is unknown. | 2008 | 18616437 |
| [cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy as a risk factor for preterm delivery]. | to establish the incidence of cervicovaginal infections in patients with preterm and term deliveries. | 2007 | 18642561 |
| does group b streptococcal infection contribute significantly to neonatal sepsis in antigua and barbuda? | group b streptococcus is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states of america (usa). this study was undertaken to determine the contribution of group b streptococcus to neonatal septicaemia in antigua and barbuda. from 1994 to 2002, there were about 12,000 births, with 2500 special care nursery admissions, 1100 (44%) with potential neonatal septicaemia. blood cultures were done in 433/1100 (39%) and cerebrospinal fluid cultures in 52/1100 (5%). positive cultures were seen in ... | 2007 | 18646492 |
| remodeling of the streptococcus agalactiae transcriptome in response to growth temperature. | to act as a commensal bacterium and a pathogen in humans and animals, streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) must be able to monitor and adapt to different environmental conditions. temperature variation is a one of the most commonly encountered variables. | 2008 | 18665215 |
| group b streptococcus and pregnancy. | | 2008 | 18667189 |
| detection of group b streptococci in lim broth by use of group b streptococcus peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization and selective and nonselective agars. | the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of group b streptococci from lim enrichment broth with sheep blood agar (sba), with selective streptococcus agar (ssa), and by a peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (pna fish) assay were as follows: for culture on sba, 68.4%, 100%, 100%, and 87.9%, respectively; for culture on ssa, 85.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively; and for the pna fish assay, 97.4%, 98.3%, 96.1%, and 98.9%, re ... | 2008 | 18667597 |
| distinctive features of surface-anchored proteins of streptococcus agalactiae strains from zimbabwe revealed by pcr and dot blotting. | the distribution of capsular polysaccharide (cps) types and subtypes (serovariants) among 121 group b streptococcus (gbs) strains from zimbabwe was examined. pcr was used for the detection of both cps types and the surface-anchored and strain-variable proteins calpha, cbeta, alp1, alp2, alp3, r4/rib, and alp4. the r3 protein was detected by an antibody-based method using monoclonal anti-r3 antibody in dot blotting. the cps types detected, ia (15.7% of strains), ib (11.6%), ii (8.3%), iii (38.8%) ... | 2008 | 18667639 |
| pilus backbone contributes to group b streptococcus paracellular translocation through epithelial cells. | we have recently shown that group b streptococcus (gbs) crosses the epithelial barrier by a paracellular route. here, we show that, although deletion of the pilus backbone protein did not affect gbs adhesiveness, it reduced the pathogen's capacity to transcytose through differentiated human epithelial cells. in addition, contrary to our expectation, a strain with a mutant pilus ancillary protein and reduced adhesiveness translocated through the epithelial monolayer in a fashion identical to that ... | 2008 | 18694342 |
| continued early onset group b streptococcal infections in the era of intrapartum prophylaxis. | the objective of the study was to determine the rate of early onset group b streptococcus (eogbs) infection in utah and identify potential areas of failure in eogbs prevention. | 2009 | 18704032 |
| update on group b streptococcal infections: perinatal and neonatal periods. | group b streptococcus (gbs), one of the beta-hemolytic streptococci, remains a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. the first consensus guidelines for the prevention of neonatal gbs disease were published in 1996, recommending intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on the basis of screening-based or risk-based strategies. since then, there has been a 70% decrease in the rate of early-onset gbs disease. on the basis of evidence-validating superiority of this screening-based strategy ... | 2008 | 18708876 |
| assignment of streptococcus agalactiae isolates to clonal complexes using a small set of single nucleotide polymorphisms. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus (gbs)) is an important human pathogen, particularly of newborns. emerging evidence for a relationship between genotype and virulence has accentuated the need for efficient and well-defined typing methods. the objective of this study was to develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) based method for assigning gbs isolates to multilocus sequence typing (mlst)-defined clonal complexes. | 2008 | 18710585 |
| spontaneous vaginal delivery. | vaginal delivery is a natural process that usually does not require significant medical intervention. management guided by current knowledge of the relevant screening tests and normal labor process can greatly increase the probability of an uncomplicated delivery and postpartum course. all women should be screened for group b streptococcus; women who test positive should be treated with antibiotics during labor. routine human immunodeficiency virus screening of all pregnant women, and treatment ... | 2008 | 18711948 |
| group b streptococcal conjugate vaccine: a timely concept for which the time has come. | invasive disease due to group b streptococcus (gbs) has been recognized as a threat to the health of pregnant women and their infants for almost half a century. development of gbs vaccine candidates has progressed at an exemplary pace given lack of sponsorship by manufacturers. a trivalent or pentavalent vaccine will be required, and decisions must be made as to the criteria by which efficacy will be determined and the population in whom efficacy will be assessed. concerns regarding durability o ... | 2008 | 18728401 |
| molecular epidemiology of invasive neonatal streptococcus agalactiae isolates in germany. | streptococcus agalactiae [group b streptococcus (gbs)] is a well-known cause of invasive infections leading to sepsis and meningitis in neonates. a comprehensive nationwide active surveillance study over 2 years was performed in germany to describe the molecular epidemiology among 296 invasive neonatal gbs isolates. | 2008 | 18756182 |
| extensive adaptive changes occur in the transcriptome of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) in response to incubation with human blood. | to enhance understanding of how streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) adapts during invasive infection, we performed a whole-genome transcriptome analysis after incubation with whole human blood. global changes occurred in the gbs transcriptome rapidly in response to blood contact following shift from growth in a rich laboratory medium. most (83%) of the significantly altered transcripts were down-regulated after 30 minutes of incubation in blood, and all functional categories of ... | 2008 | 18769548 |
| examining the value of electronic health records on labor and delivery. | the objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of an electronic health record (ehr) on documentation completeness and patient care in a labor and delivery unit. | 2008 | 18771994 |
| acquisition and transmission of group b streptococcus during pregnancy. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. we followed up 78 pregnant couples for < or =2 months to estimate the risk of gbs transmission. among couples with discordant gbs status, we observed 1 male-to-female transmission event (1 of 3 couples in which the woman was gbs negative at enrollment), but no female-to-male transmission events (0 of 8 couples in which the man was gbs negative at enrollment). | 2008 | 18774883 |
| pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis conditions for molecular epidemiological group b streptococcus identification. | | 2008 | 18800408 |
| recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of group b streptococcus virulence. | group b streptococcus commonly colonises healthy adults without symptoms, yet under certain circumstances displays the ability to invade host tissues, evade immune detection and cause serious invasive disease. consequently, group b streptococcus remains a leading cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. here we review recent information on the bacterial factors and mechanisms that direct host-pathogen interactions involved in the pathogenesis of group b streptococcus infection. new re ... | 2008 | 18803886 |
| neonatal infections in asia. | to study the epidemiology (including incidence, antibiotic sensitivity and mortality) of neonatal unit infections in countries in asia. | 2009 | 18805822 |
| temporal alterations in concentrations of sera cytokines/chemokines in sepsis due to group b streptococcus infection in a neonate. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common pathogen in neonates and may induce the overproduction of cytokines. to further clarify temporal alterations in the levels of various cytokines/chemokines, we measured the concentrations of 16 types of these immunological responders in the serum of a neonate presenting with gbs infection. at birth, the concentrations of different cytokines/chemokines increased and that of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor remained high. thus, these cytokines/che ... | 2008 | 18806347 |
| deaths of early-onset, invasive sepsis in full-term infants in miyazaki: nine cases from a regional population-based analysis from 1998-2006. | in a population-based study we investigated the early-onset, invasive sepsis caused by group b streptococcus (gbs) and non-gbs in the era of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis. from 1998 to 2006, we had 387 perinatal deaths in 98,495 deliveries, and 9 full-term infants met the criteria of early-onset, invasive sepsis, in which microorganisms were proven from blood sampling. of these cases, 4 involved gbs, 2 ampicillin-resistant escherichia coli, 2 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, ... | 2008 | 18806353 |
| induction and termination of inflammatory signaling in group b streptococcal sepsis. | summary: group b streptococcus (gbs) is part of the normal genital and gastrointestinal flora in healthy humans. however, gbs is a major cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborn infants in the western world and an important pathogen in many developing countries. the dissection of the host response to gbs may increase the general understanding of innate immunity in sepsis, because newborn infants lack a sufficient adaptive response. inflammatory signal induction in macrophages by gbs seems large ... | 2008 | 18837779 |
| identification and experimental verification of protective antigens against streptococcus suis serotype 2 based on genome sequence analysis. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 (s. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe disease and even death in both humans and swine. no effective vaccine is clinically available. in this study, a reverse vaccinology method was first applied to identify protective antigens against s. suis 2. as a consequence, 153 genes encoding vaccine candidates were selected from the whole genome sequence by means of bioinformatics analysis, from which 10 genes were selected based on experimental ... | 2009 | 18839251 |
| an evaluation of a rapid real time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of group b streptococcus as part of a neonatal group b streptococcus prevention strategy. | to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and feasibility of a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for group b streptococcus (gbs) completed during labour, compared with the standard culture test performed at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. | 2008 | 18845045 |
| evasion of macrophage scavenger receptor a-mediated recognition by pathogenic streptococci. | prr recognize conserved structures on pathogenic microbes and are important for the defense against invading microorganisms. however, accumulating evidence indicates that many pathogens have evolved mechanisms to avoid recognition by prr. one type of prr is the macrophage scavenger receptor a (sr-a), which has been shown to play an important role in recognition and non-opsonic phagocytosis of pathogenic bacteria. the bacterial ligands for sr-a have been suggested to be lps or lipoteichoic acid. ... | 2008 | 18924218 |
| phylogenetic relationships among streptococcus agalactiae isolated from piscine, dolphin, bovine and human sources: a dolphin and piscine lineage associated with a fish epidemic in kuwait is also associated with human neonatal infections in japan. | streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group b streptococcus (gbs), is a cause of infectious disease in numerous animal species. this study examined the genetic relatedness of piscine, dolphin and human gbs isolates and bovine gbs reference strains from different geographical regions using serological and molecular serotyping and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) techniques. piscine isolates originating from kuwait, brazil, israel and the usa were capsular serotype ia, a serotype previously ... | 2008 | 18927414 |
| different sequence strains of streptococcus agalactiae elicit various levels of cytokine production. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of neonatal and obstetric sepsis and an increasingly important cause of septicemia in elderly subjects and immunocompromised patients. our aim was to evaluate whether different genotypes of gbs may induce a different production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. we used multilocus sequence typing to identify 71 clones isolated from asymptomatic healthy carriers and symptomatic individuals. all these clinical isolates were use ... | 2008 | 18991093 |
| deficiency of mannose-binding lectin greatly increases antibody response in a mouse model of vaccination. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl), a pattern recognition innate immune molecule, selectively binds distinct chemical patterns, including carbohydrates expressed on group b streptococcus (gbs). mbl interacts with igm, resulting in the activation of mbl-associated serine proteases (masps), thus is initiating a lectin complement pathway. complement proteins and igm modulate production of antigen specific antibody. in this study, we investigated the relative effect of mbl in antibody response against tet ... | 2009 | 18996748 |
| the economic costs of group b streptococcus (gbs) disease: prospective cohort study of infants with gbs disease in england. | the objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs over the first 2 years of life of group b streptococcus (gbs) disease occurring in infants less than 90 days of age. a cost analysis was conducted using a prospective cohort of children born between 2000 and 2003 in the greater london, oxford, portsmouth and bristol areas of england. unit costs were applied to estimates of the health and social resource use made by 138 infants diagnosed with gbs disease and 305 non-gbs controls match ... | 2009 | 19002511 |
| [evaluation of the new chromogenic medium strepb select for screening of group b streptococcus in pregnant women]. | to compare and evaluate the new chromogenic strepb select (biorad) medium to the granada (biomérieux) and columbia horse blood agar plates (ch-bap) for screening of group b streptococcus (gbs) vaginal colonization in pregnant women. | 2009 | 19008052 |
| lactic acid is a potential virulence factor for group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a gram-positive bacterium that causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates and infants. although several gbs-associated virulence factors have been described, the mechanisms of gbs invasive disease are not well understood. to characterize additional virulence factors, a novel in vitro infection assay was developed using rat fetal lung explants. however, application of gbs to the system induced rapid lung tissue destruction associated with increased media acidity. sinc ... | 2009 | 19010409 |
| group b streptococcus colonization in pregnancy: prevalence and prevention strategies of neonatal sepsis. | early onset neonatal sepsis due to group b streptococci (gbs) is responsible for severe morbidity and mortality of newborns. while different preventive strategies to identify women at risk are being recommended, the optimal strategy depends on the incidence of gbs-sepsis and on the prevalence of anogenital gbs colonization. we therefore aimed to assess the group b streptococci prevalence and its consequences on different prevention strategies. we analyzed 1316 pregnant women between march 2005 a ... | 2009 | 19021455 |
| group b streptococcus meningitis in a 6-week-old infant: a case study. | | 2008 | 19022093 |
| functional characterization of a newly identified group b streptococcus pullulanase eliciting antibodies able to prevent alpha-glucans degradation. | streptococcal pullulanases have been recently proposed as key components of the metabolic machinery involved in bacterial adaptation to host niches. by sequence analysis of the group b streptococcus (gbs) genome we found a novel putative surface exposed protein with pullulanase activity. we named such a protein sap. the sap gene is highly conserved among gbs strains and homologous genes, such as pula and spua, have been described in other pathogenic streptococci. the sap protein contains two n-t ... | 2008 | 19023424 |
| the prevalence of erythromycin resistance in group b streptococcal isolates at a university hospital in taiwan. | due to reduced antibiotic consumption in taiwan, erythromycin resistance rate had decreased in streptococcus pyogenes, but it increased in streptococcus pneumoniae. the objectives of the present study were (1) to determine the erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rate and minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the group b streptococcus (gbs) clinical isolates, and (2) to investigate the mechanism responsible for the macrolide, lincosamide, and group b streptogramin (mls(b)) resistance. a t ... | 2008 | 19025386 |
| osteo-articular infections in newborns: diagnosis and treatment. | osteoarticular infections, although uncommon, represent a severe condition in neonates. infections in newborns are largely of an acute nature, transmitted by hematogenous means. the most frequently observed etiological agents are: staphylococcus aureus, gram negative and group b streptococcus spp. in the majority of cases the metaphyses of the long bone are the most commonly implicated sites, although infection may spread to the contiguous epiphysis and joint in neonates. diagnosis of acute sept ... | 2008 | 19028615 |
| in utero ethanol exposure impairs defenses against experimental group b streptococcus in the term guinea pig lung. | the effects of fetal alcohol exposure on the risks of neonatal lung injury and infection remain under investigation. the resident alveolar macrophage (am) is the first line of immune defense against pulmonary infections. in utero ethanol (etoh) exposure deranges the function of both premature and term guinea pig am. we hypothesized that fetal etoh exposure would increase the risk of pulmonary infection in vivo. | 2009 | 19032578 |
| [sepsis in newborns due to group b streptococcus in western galilee hospital nahariya during the years 1996 to 2007--is there a place for universal screening in israel?]. | screening for group b streptococcus (gbs) in pregnant women is controversial in israel. | 2008 | 19039903 |
| host glycosaminoglycan confers susceptibility to bacterial infection in drosophila melanogaster. | many pathogens engage host cell surface glycosaminoglycans, but redundancy in pathogen adhesins and host glycosaminoglycan-anchoring proteins (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) has limited the understanding of the importance of glycosaminoglycan binding during infection. the alpha c protein of group b streptococcus, a virulence determinant for this neonatal human pathogen, binds to host glycosaminoglycan and mediates the entry of bacteria into human cells. we studied alpha c protein-glycosaminoglyc ... | 2009 | 19047407 |
| group b streptococcus colonization among pregnant women in uruguay. | | 2009 | 19059591 |
| tlr-independent type i interferon induction in response to an extracellular bacterial pathogen via intracellular recognition of its dna. | type i interferon (ifn) is an important host defense cytokine against intracellular pathogens, mainly viruses. in assessing ifn production in response to group b streptococcus (gbs), we find that ifn-beta was produced by macrophages upon stimulation with both heat-killed and live gbs. exposure of macrophages to heat-killed gbs activated a toll-like receptor (tlr)-dependent pathway, whereas live gbs activated a tlr/nod/rig-like receptor (rlr)-independent pathway. this latter pathway required bact ... | 2008 | 19064255 |
| the clinical content of preconception care: infectious diseases in preconception care. | a number of infectious diseases should be considered for inclusion as part of clinical preconception care. those infections strongly recommended for health promotion messages and risk assessment or for the initiation of interventions include chlamydia infection, syphilis, and hiv. for selected populations, the inclusion of interventions for tuberculosis, gonorrheal infection, and herpes simplex virus are recommended. no clear evidence exists for the specific inclusion in preconception care of he ... | 2008 | 19081424 |
| infected breast milk associated with late-onset and recurrent group b streptococcal infection in neonatal twins: a genetic analysis. | asymptomatic excretion of group b streptococcus (gbs) in breast milk may be an underrecognized cause of neonatal and recurrent infection. we report the case of late-onset and recurrent infection in newborn twins resulting from ingestion of maternal breast milk infected with gbs. genetic analysis of isolates is equally presented. | 2009 | 19085000 |
| [clinical study of group b streptococcal infection in children]. | we evaluated 12 children infected with group b streptococcus (gbs) at asahikawa kosei hospital, in japan between 1998 and 2007. the diagnosis was bacteremia in 8 and meningitis in 4. infection occurred before day 7 in 3 patients, between days 7 and 28 in 4, and between days 29 and 131 in 5. the incidence of early onset gbs infection was 0.4 cases/1,000 live births. four of 11 mothers were found to have gbs in antenatal culture screening. although 2 underwent intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, i ... | 2008 | 19086419 |
| preventing bacterial infections with pilus-based vaccines: the group b streptococcus paradigm. | we recently described the presence of 3 pilus variants in the human pathogen group b streptococcus (gbs; also known as streptococcus agalactiae), each encoded by a distinct pathogenicity island, as well as the ability of pilus components to elicit protection in mice against homologous challenge. to determine whether a vaccine containing a combination of proteins from the 3 pilus types could provide broad protection, we analyzed pili distribution and conservation in 289 clinical isolates. we foun ... | 2009 | 19086816 |
| global transcriptional profiling reveals streptococcus agalactiae genes controlled by the mtar transcription factor. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) is a significant bacterial pathogen of neonates and an emerging pathogen of adults. though transcriptional regulators are abundantly encoded on the gbs genome, their role in gbs pathogenesis is poorly understood. the mtar gene encodes a putative lysr-type transcriptional regulator that is critical for the full virulence of gbs. previous studies have shown that an mtar- mutant transports methionine at reduced rates and grows poorly in normal h ... | 2008 | 19087320 |
| [antibiotic treatment of women with group b steptococci during delivery?]. | transmission of group b steptococci from mother to child during delivery may cause serious disease in some children, but this can be prevented by use of antibiotic treatment during delivery. we have estimated how antibiotic treatment of all pregnant carriers of group b streptococcus during delivery would affect the total antibiotic use in norway. | 2008 | 19096471 |
| [comparative analysis of the pathogens responsible for hospital acquired and community acquired late onset neonatal septicemia]. | late onset neonatal septicemia (systemic infection after 72 hours of life) remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. early treatment with appropriate antibiotics is critical since infected infants can deteriorate rapidly. the aim of this study was to review the pathogens responsible for late onset neonatal septicemia (lons) and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in order to guide the initial selection of appropriate antibiotics for infants with suspected lons. | 2008 | 19099687 |
| the ciar response regulator in group b streptococcus promotes intracellular survival and resistance to innate immune defenses. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is major cause of invasive disease in newborn infants and the leading cause of neonatal meningitis. to gain access to the central nervous system (cns), gbs must not only subvert host defenses in the bloodstream but also invade and survive within brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec), the principal cell layer composing the blood-brain barrier (bbb). while several gbs determinants that contribute to the invasion of bmec have been identified, little is known about ... | 2009 | 19114476 |
| streptococcus agalactiae cspa is a serine protease that inactivates chemokines. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) remains a leading cause of invasive infections in neonates and has emerged as a pathogen of the immunocompromised and elderly populations. the virulence mechanisms of gbs are relatively understudied and are still poorly understood. previous evidence indicated that the gbs cspa gene is necessary for full virulence and the cleavage of fibrinogen. the predicted cspa product displays homology to members of the extracellular cell envelope proteas ... | 2009 | 19114481 |
| invasive group b streptococcal infections in a tertiary care hospital between 1998 and 2007 in japan. | to clarify clinical and microbiological features of invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in japan. | 2009 | 19131262 |
| community-acquired bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in mozambique. | although community-acquired bacteremia is an important cause of childhood mortality in africa, recognition of disease burden and potential impact of bacterial vaccines is limited. | 2009 | 19131902 |
| neonatal bacterial meningitis and dexamethasone adjunctive usage in nigeria. | neonatal bacterial meningitis is devastating, with attendant high mortality and neurological sequelae. we, therefore, aimed to delineate its current incidence, etiologic, clinical, laboratory spectra, and the effect of steroid therapy on the outcome. | 2008 | 19140361 |
| group b streptococcus colonization of pregnant women and their children observed on obstetric and neonatal wards of the university hospital in krakow, poland. | the study was arranged to assess the actual rates of colonization of pregnant women and their children with group b streptococcus (gbs) in a polish university hospital. resistance of these cocci to macrolides and clindamycin was also tested and routes of transmission of gbs were followed in some cases using molecular typing. colonization with gbs was checked in 340 pregnant women living in the south-eastern region of poland (małopolska) in the years 2004-2006. women with a complicated pregnancy ... | 2009 | 19141741 |
| [prevalence of colonization by group b streptococcus in pregnant women from a public maternity of northwest region of brazil]. | to assess the prevalence of group b streptococcus colonization (gbs) in pregnant women in prodrome or in labor. | 2008 | 19142504 |
| [cervical bacterial colonization in women with preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes]. | to study cervical colonization in women with preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. | 2008 | 19142522 |
| pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in maternal, umbilical cord, and neonatal sera. | the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin were studied in umbilical cord and neonatal sera relative to maternal concentrations in prevention of neonatal group b streptococcus infection. the subjects were 44 pregnant women receiving amoxicillin as 1 or 2 g as an intravenous infusion. to measure the concentrations, blood samples were obtained from the mother, the arterial and venous umbilical cord, and the neonate. the pharmacokinetics were characterized by a five-compartment model by using nonlinear mi ... | 2009 | 19164154 |
| a novel integrative conjugative element mediates genetic transfer from group g streptococcus to other {beta}-hemolytic streptococci. | lateral gene transfer is a significant contributor to the ongoing evolution of many bacterial pathogens, including beta-hemolytic streptococci. here we provide the first characterization of a novel integrative conjugative element (ice), icesde3396, from streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (group g streptococcus [ggs]), a bacterium commonly found in the throat and skin of humans. icesde3396 is 64 kb in size and encodes 66 putative open reading frames. icesde3396 shares 38 open reading f ... | 2009 | 19168609 |
| threonine phosphorylation prevents promoter dna binding of the group b streptococcus response regulator covr. | all living organisms communicate with the external environment for their survival and existence. in prokaryotes, communication is achieved by two-component systems (tcs) comprising histidine kinases and response regulators. in eukaryotes, signalling is accomplished by serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. although tcs and serine/threonine kinases coexist in prokaryotes, direct cross-talk between these families was first described in group b streptococcus (gbs). a serine/threonine kinase (stk1) ... | 2009 | 19170889 |
| toll-like receptor 2 deficiency is associated with enhanced severity of group b streptococcal disease. | group b streptococcus (gbs) has been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults, in particular, in association with severe underlying diseases. the most common manifestations include primary bacteremia, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, and osteoarticular infections. toll-like receptor-2 (tlr2) mediates host responses to gram-positive bacteria. tlr2 function was investigated in murine gbs-induced sepsis and arthritis in wi ... | 2009 | 19179417 |
| molecular mimicry of host sialylated glycans allows a bacterial pathogen to engage neutrophil siglec-9 and dampen the innate immune response. | human neutrophil siglec-9 is a lectin that recognizes sialic acids (sias) via an amino-terminal v-set ig domain and possesses tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in its cytoplasmic tail. we hypothesized that siglec-9 recognizes host sias as "self," including in cis interactions with sias on the neutrophil's own surface, thereby dampening unwanted neutrophil reactivity. here we show that neutrophils presented with immobilized multimerized siaalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnac units engage them in trans via si ... | 2009 | 19196661 |
| trends in perinatal group b streptococcal disease - united states, 2000-2006. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading infectious cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the united states. the bacterium, a common colonizer of the maternal genital tract, can infect the fetus during gestation, causing fetal death. gbs also can be acquired by the fetus during passage through the birth canal or after delivery. infection commonly manifests as meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. in 2002, cdc, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, and the american academy o ... | 2009 | 19214159 |
| [evaluation of three selective enrichment media for detection of group b streptococcus in vaginal swabs]. | as the most common cause of neonatal sepsis, lancefield group b streptococcus (gbs) must be diagnosed as early as possible in pregnant women is prevent neonatal infection. a selective enrichment broth medium has been widely recommended to optimally recover gbs from genital and anorectal samples. to establish a culture suitable for screening vaginal swab specimens, we compared subcultures of three selective enrichment media to direct culture on agar medium. vaginal swab samples were inoculated di ... | 2009 | 19227225 |
| [gynecology]. | gynaecology: treatment of cancer in young women have an impact on reproduction. it is now possible to preserve or restore fertility following therapy. implementation of these techniques should be started before anticancer treatment. we also comment a randomised trial comparing two sequences in advanced ovarian cancer: surgery followed by chemotherapy versus chemotherapy followed by surgery. the results of this trial showed a similar efficacy of the two options. a new treatment of dysplasia of th ... | 2009 | 19238927 |
| antibiotic resistance and penicillin tolerance in ano-vaginal group b streptococci. | we sought to determine the prevalence of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonisation and to characterise antibiotic resistance patterns. | 2009 | 19253160 |
| combining microarray technology and molecular epidemiology to identify genes associated with invasive group b streptococcus. | many bacterial species function as both commensals and pathogens; we used this dual nature to develop a high-throughput molecular epidemiological approach to identifying bacterial virulence genes. we applied our approach to group b streptococcus (gbs). three representative commensal and one invasive gbs isolates were selected as tester strains from a population-based collection. we used microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization to identify open reading frames (orfs) present in two seque ... | 2008 | 19259326 |
| [streptococcus b meningitis in infants older than 3 months]. | bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbitidy and mortality in childhood. it can be responsible for deafness, mental retardation, epilepsy or behavioural disorders. group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborn. although clinical features of neonatal sgb meningitis occurring in the first days of life have been well documented, little is known about gbs meningitis occurring in pediatric patients after this period. this study presents the epidemiology of ... | 2008 | 19268243 |
| [surveillance network of bacterial meningitis in children, 7 years of survey in france]. | consequence of the introduction of vaccines against bacteria involved in meningitis in children and various recommendations concerning antibiotics, the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed during the last fifteen years. the gpip/activ (groupe de pathologie infectieuse pédiatrique and association clinique et thérapeutique infantile du val de marne) set up an active surveillance network to analyze the clinical and biological features of bacterial meningitis. | 2008 | 19268250 |
| a novel diagnostic tool for detecting neonatal infections using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | in newborns with infections, it is necessary to detect various pathogens rapidly and accurately, because the infections are often fatal when diagnosis is delayed. however, no diagnostic tools that rapidly detect pathogens causing neonatal infectious diseases are available. | 2009 | 19279393 |
| identification of serine/threonine kinase substrates in the human pathogen group b streptococcus. | all living organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environment for their survival and existence. signaling is primarily achieved through reversible phosphorylation of proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. a change in the phosphorylation state of a protein alters its function to enable the control of cellular responses. a number of serine/threonine kinases regulate the cellular responses of eukaryotes. although common in eukaryotes, serine/threonine kinases have only re ... | 2009 | 19309132 |
| genomic analysis identifies a transcription-factor binding motif regulating expression of the alpha c protein in group b streptococcus. | the virulence-associated alpha c protein (acp) of group b streptococcus (gbs) facilitates the bacterial interaction with host epithelial cells. we previously demonstrated that phase-variable expression of acp is controlled by variation in short-sequence repeat sequences present upstream of the promoter of bca, the gene encoding acp. to determine if trans-acting transcriptional control also influences acp expression, we developed an in silico prediction algorithm that identified a potential trans ... | 2009 | 19328843 |
| group b streptococcus pullulanase crystal structures in the context of a novel strategy for vaccine development. | the group b streptococcus type i pullulanase (sap) is a class 13 glycoside hydrolase that is anchored to the bacterial cell surface via a conserved c-terminal anchoring motif and involved in alpha-glucan degradation. recent in vitro functional studies have shown that sap is immunogenic in humans and that anti-sap sera derived from immunized animals impair both group a and group b streptococcus pullulanase activities, suggesting that in vivo immunization with this antigen could prevent streptococ ... | 2009 | 19329633 |
| role of p38 and early growth response factor 1 in the macrophage response to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs), the most frequent single isolate in neonatal sepsis and meningitis, potently activates inflammatory macrophage genes via myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (myd88). however, events parallel to and downstream of myd88 that instruct the macrophage response are incompletely understood. in this study, we found that only myd88, not the toll-like receptor (tlr) adapter proteins mal/tirap, trif, and tram, essentially mediates the cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [tnf] and in ... | 2009 | 19332535 |
| early-onset group b streptococcus sepsis in high risk neonates born after prolonged rupture of membranes. | according to the u.s. centers for disease control guidelines, prolonged rupture of membranes mandates intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for group b streptococcus whenever maternal gbs status is unknown. | 2009 | 19344010 |