| seronegative chronic relapsing neuroborreliosis. | we report an unusual patient with evidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection who experienced repeated neurologic relapses despite aggressive antibiotic therapy. each course of therapy was associated with a jarisch-herxheimer-like reaction. although the patient never had detectable free antibodies to b. burgdorferi in serum or spinal fluid, the csf was positive on multiple occasions for complexed anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies, b. burgdorferi nucleic acids and free antigen. | 1995 | 7796837 |
| lyme disease in human dr4dw4-transgenic mice. | the evolution of lyme arthritis in dr4-transgenic mice infected with borrelia burgdorferi was studied because chronic lyme arthritis in humans is associated with an increased frequency of the hla-dr4 allele. b10 nontransgenic and dr4-transgenic mice expressing chimeric human-mouse major histocompatibility complex class ii genes in which the human alpha 1 and beta 1 domains of dr4dw4 replaced the corresponding domains of the mouse i-e(d) were inoculated with b. burgdorferi and examined at up to 1 ... | 1995 | 7797933 |
| no evidence for borrelia burgdorferi-specific dna in lesions of localized scleroderma. | a possible association of borrelia burgdorferi with localized scleroderma is currently the focus of intense research and discussion. skin biopsies from 30 patients with localized scleroderma (28 of the plaque type/morphea; two linear scleroderma) were analyzed for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi using three different polymerase chain reaction systems for amplification of segments of borrelial genes. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies of 14 patients and fresh-frozen, cryo-conserved b ... | 1995 | 7798636 |
| polymerase chain reaction analysis of borrelia species isolated in japan. | primer reactivities of 25 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from the ticks, ixodes persulcatus and i. ovatus, in japan and 10 isolates in europe and north america were investigated. the methods used in this study were the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on the flagellin structural gene (fla), the outer surface protein a gene (osp a) and the outer surface protein b gene (osp b), and the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of pcr products from osp a and osp b. the flage ... | 1994 | 7799831 |
| infectivity and early antibody response to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated in japan in outbred mice. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from ixodes ovatus (b. japonica), i. persulcatus and patients with erythema migrans (em) in japan were determined on infectivity and arthritis induction-activity in outbred mice. infectivity of b. japonica was weak and did not induce the development of footpad swelling by subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation into the footpad. challenged strain, no129-m of b. japonica, to ddy mice were reinoculated to the mice at various cell numbers (1 x 10-1 x 10(6) cells/mou ... | 1994 | 7799835 |
| [neurological manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease)]. | | 1994 | 7800998 |
| [neuritis of the serratus anterior muscle associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection]. | a long thoracic nerve palsy developed in two patients with borrelia burgdorferi infection. in both cases, pain in the shoulder preceded a scapula detachment suggesting first a diagnosis of neuralgic shoulder amyotrophia. in the first case, there was a context of typical meningoradiculitis, while the second patient had an isolated right shoulder amyotrophia without any other neurologic signs and with normal csf analysis. a detailed anamnesis, the serology profile, and the good response to an adeq ... | 1994 | 7801047 |
| evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses the 41-kd flagellin as the antigen for detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in cattle. | an elisa was developed to detect antibodies to the 41-kd flagellin (p41) of borrelia burgdorferi in serum obtained from cattle. absorption studies, immunoblot analysis, immunoelectron microscopy, and correlation of results of the p41-elisa and the p39-elisa as well as measurement of the antibody to p41 in calves challenge-exposed with borrelia theileri were used to assess the specificity of the p41-elisa. antigens derived from escherichia coli, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, and b burgdo ... | 1994 | 7802386 |
| seroepidemiologic survey of borrelia burgdorferi exposure of dairy cattle in wisconsin. | an elisa, using purified flagellin of borrelia burgdorferi as the solid-phase antigen, was used to measure antibody concentrations to b burgdorferi in dairy cattle in wisconsin. serum obtained from 5,060 cows in 160 randomly selected herds in the state were tested. serum from an additional 2,600 cattle in barron county, wis, a county with a high annual incidence of b burgdorferi infections in human beings, was also tested. only 7% of the cows that were tested, but 66% of the herds that were test ... | 1994 | 7802388 |
| lyme borreliosis. | lyme borreliosis is a cutaneous-systemic infection that is generally transmitted by a hard-bodied tick and caused by some species of borrelia, borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto), b. garini, and b. afzelii. lyme borreliosis is a widespread disease, present in all continents. it can be divided into an early disease, corresponding to the primary stage, and a late disease, including the secondary and tertiary stages. the typical cutaneous lesions are erythema (chronicum) migrans, lymphadenosis ben ... | 1994 | 7805296 |
| fetal outcome in murine lyme disease. | lyme disease is an inflammatory syndrome caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi. although this syndrome has important implications for human pregnancy, little is known about gestational infection with b. burgdorferi. fetal death occurred in 33 of 280 gestational sacs (12%) in 39 c3h/hen female mice infected by intradermal injection of b. burgdorferi 4 days after mating (acute infection), compared with 0 of 191 sacs in 25 control mice (p = 0.0001). forty-six percent of acutely infected mic ... | 1995 | 7806385 |
| vaccination against lyme disease caused by diverse borrelia burgdorferi. | diversity and mutations in the genes for outer surface proteins (osps) a and b of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b. burgdorferi), the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, suggests that a monovalent ospa or ospb vaccine may not provide protection against antigenically variable naturally occurring b. burgdorferi. we now show that ospa or ospb immunizations protect mice from tick-borne infection with heterogeneous b. burgdorferi from different geographic regions. this result is in distinct contrast ... | 1995 | 7807004 |
| the outer surface protein a of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is a plasmin(ogen) receptor. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme borreliosis (lyme disease) and is transmitted to mammalian hosts by tick vectors. in humans, the bacteria induce a complex disease, which involves the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system. however, the pathogenic principles of this multisystem illness are far from being understood. to disseminate from the site of the tick bite and invade multiple organ sites, spirochetes have to penetrate normal tissue barriers, such as vascul ... | 1994 | 7809084 |
| conservation of gene arrangement and an unusual organization of rrna genes in the linear chromosomes of the lyme disease spirochaetes borrelia burgdorferi, b. garinii and b. afzelii. | physical maps of the chromosomes of the lyme disease spirochaetes borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii have been elucidated for the enzymes cspi, sgrai, i-ceui, smai, eagi, bsshii, mlui and apai by two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis techniques. the maps contain 42 sites for b. garinii and 32 for b. afzelii. the mapping studies showed that the two chromosomes are linear dna molecules of 953 and 948 kbp, respectively. a comparison of the physical maps of b. garinii and b. afzelii an ... | 1994 | 7812434 |
| role of outer membrane architecture in immune evasion by treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi. | combined ultrastructural and molecular studies have revealed that the syphilis and lyme-disease spirochetes, treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi, have distinctive molecular architectures. both organisms persist in their hosts and have strategies for immune evasion that include the use of rare, poorly immunogenic surface-exposed proteins as potential virulence determinants. | 1994 | 7812663 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi in host mice in pennsylvania. | host mice (peromyscus leucopus and peromyscus maniculatus) were sampled throughout the state of pennsylvania to determine the geographical and ecological distribution of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. all 67 counties of the state were sampled. a total of 1,619 mice were captured from a total of 157 sites during the period 1990 to 1993 for an overall capture rate of 29.69%. a total of 112 (6.92%) isolations of b. burgdorferi were made. the distribution of isolations revealed th ... | 1994 | 7814489 |
| demonstration of borrelia burgdorferi dna in urine samples from healthy humans whose sera contain b. burgdorferi-specific antibodies. | since the possibility of asymptomatic infection with borrelia burgdorferi has been suggested by a positive serology found in healthy subjects, we hypothesized that these subjects might excrete borrelial dna sequences in urine as happens in patients with lyme borreliosis. we found borrelial sequences by nested pcr in the urine samples from 3 of 13 healthy b. burgdorferi antibody-positive adults but not in urine samples from 79 antibody-negative healthy controls. after therapy with doxycycline, th ... | 1994 | 7814567 |
| dermatologic manifestations of arthropod-borne diseases. | the arthropod-borne rickettsial, borrelial, and bacterial diseases of north america are a diverse group of disorders that produce a wide variety of cutaneous abnormalities. these dermatologic abnormalities are often valuable clinical clues that may reveal or suggest the correct diagnosis to the astute clinician. we review the usual and unusual dermatologic manifestations of rocky mountain spotted fever, murine and sylvatic typhus, rickettsialpox, ehrlichiosis, lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing ... | 1994 | 7814841 |
| transmission of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from mammal reservoirs to the primary vector of lyme borreliosis, ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae), in sweden. | factors regulating prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in ixodes ricinus (l.) were examined during 1991-1992 at bogesund, near stockholm in south-central sweden. nine species of small and medium-sized mammals (sorex araneus l., s. minutus l., neomys fodiens pennant, clethrionomys glareolus [schreber], microtus agrestis [l.], apodemus sylvaticus [l.], a. flavicollis [melchior], lepus europaeus pallas, l. timidus l.) were found to infect feeding tic ... | 1994 | 7815401 |
| polymyalgia rheumatica or lyme disease? how to avoid misdiagnosis in older patients. | this case report demonstrates the need to consider lyme disease in older patients who present with nonspecific signs and symptoms often seen in polymyalgia rheumatica, particularly a markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr). esrs greater than 100 mm/hr are common in polymyalgia rheumatica, but rates higher than 85 mm/hr are also possible in borrelia infection. because positive serologic findings for lyme disease have been noted in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica who have been ... | 1995 | 7816713 |
| experimental infection of dogs with borrelia burgdorferi. | four beagle dogs were inoculated subcutaneously with the bits1 italian strain of borrelia burgdorferi. only one dog became infected and b burgdorferi was isolated from its blood and urine three and four weeks after infection. b burgdorferi antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence from four to 11 weeks after infection. an uninoculated dog kept in the same run as the infected dog, developed a positive serological response, but none of the five dogs showed clinical signs. | 1994 | 7817018 |
| inoculation of nonhuman primates with the n40 strain of borrelia burgdorferi leads to a model of lyme neuroborreliosis faithful to the human disease. | we injected rhesus macaques with a highly infective strain of borrelia burgdorferi to assess whether experimentally inoculated nonhuman primates (nhps) could serve as models of human lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb). the animals developed biopsy-confirmed erythema migrans in the area of the inoculations. elisa testing of sera revealed strong antibody reactivity to b burgdorferi antigens, and western blotting showed that 16-, 22-, 31-, 34-, and 41-kd proteins of the spirochete were major antigens reco ... | 1995 | 7824109 |
| [incidence of borrelia burgdorferi in the greifswald area of the vorpommern region of the mecklenburg-vorpommern district]. | | 1994 | 7825362 |
| cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi from human tick bite sites: a guide to the risk of infection. | the risk of acquiring lyme disease has been evaluated by xenodiagnostic procedures with laboratory strains of borrelia burgdorferi and laboratory-reared ixodes ticks, or by clinical trials in which diagnosis was based on clinical findings, culture, or serologic tests. | 1995 | 7829700 |
| evidence for the transmission of the lyme disease spirochaete to sheep in cumbria. | | 1994 | 7831744 |
| diagnosis and clinical characteristics of ocular lyme borreliosis. | to establish a diagnosis, in a group of patients we studied the characteristics of ocular lyme borreliosis. | 1995 | 7832219 |
| t cell subset-dependent modulation of immunity to borrelia burgdorferi in mice. | the possible involvement of specific t cells in resolution of infections with borrelia burgdorferi (bb), the causative agent of human lyme disease, has not been adequately studied. to investigate the potential role of t cell subsets in resistance, we have depleted mice of cd4+ and cd8+ t cell subsets in vivo by the administration of specific mabs and have examined outcomes after infection with bb. our results indicate that cd4+ t cells are required for immunologic control of spirochete levels, b ... | 1995 | 7836761 |
| the emergence of lyme disease and human babesiosis in a changing environment. | this pattern of spread of lyme disease and its vectors in the northeastern united states and europe derives from the recent proliferation of deer, and the abundance of deer derives from the process of reforestation now taking place throughout the north temperate zone of the world. residential development seems to favor small tree-enclosed meadows interspersed with strips of woodland, a "patchiness" much prized by deer, mice, and humans. as a result, increasingly large numbers of people live wher ... | 1994 | 7840446 |
| antibodies against some bacterial antigens in children. | the prevalence of bacterial antibodies was determined in 173 children aged 0-15 years. the prevalence of igg borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in titres > 500 in children less than 8 years of age was 6% while none of the older children had these antibodies in titres > 400. igg helicobacter pylori antibodies were detected only in children older than 6 years of age, with a prevalence of 6.5%, as were iga h. pylori antibodies, with a prevalence of 3.7%. the prevalence of high-titre igg campylobacter ... | 1994 | 7841725 |
| should we routinely screen for lyme disease in patients with asymmetrical hearing loss? | asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss is usually investigated thoroughly but a diagnosis is often elusive. it is important to identify any treatable causes. lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi, which has been shown to cause asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, and has been successfully treated. its incidence varies regionally; it occurs where there is a suitable environment for the tick and its animal hosts. we conducted a prospective study ... | 1994 | 7841889 |
| response of soluble il-2 receptor, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in patients with positive and negative borrelia burgdorferi serology. | this study was designed to investigate serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (s-il-2r), interleukin-2 (il-2) and interleukin-6 levels (il-6) in patients with either a positive or negative borrelia burgdorferi serology. serum samples from 101 individuals, divided in to five groups according to clinical symptoms and outcome of serology were analysed. samples of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from nine of the individuals were also studied. the highest average serum s-il-2r levels (1,180 +/- 1,140 u/ml) w ... | 1994 | 7843808 |
| early murine lyme carditis has a macrophage predominance and is independent of major histocompatibility complex class ii-cd4+ t cell interactions. | to compare the role of macrophages and cd4+ t lymphocytes in early lyme carditis, immunohistochemical techniques were used to analyze cardiac infiltrates in immunocompetent mice infected with borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. macrophages predominated in the infiltrate during the first 4 weeks after infection. cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocytes each constituted < 5% of the infiltrate; b lymphocytes were rare. infected mice deficient in class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigen and depleted o ... | 1995 | 7844373 |
| nondifferentiation between lyme disease spirochetes from vector ticks and human cerebrospinal fluid. | to determine whether lyme disease neuropathogenesis may result from infection by a particular segment of the locally extant population of spirochetes, genetic markers of spirochetes found in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 12 pediatric patients were compared with those in spirochetes from 40 vector ticks sampled in the vicinity of their homes. the primary structure of the outer surface protein a served as the marker of variation; a fragment of the corresponding gene was amplified by nested polymera ... | 1995 | 7844394 |
| expression and sequence of outer surface protein c among north american isolates of borrelia burgdorferi. | the expression of outer surface protein c (ospc) was determined for north american borrelia burgdorferi isolates hb19, dn127cl9-2, 25015 and both low and high culture passage b31. a monoclonal antibody detected the presence of ospc protein in only two isolates, while polyclonal antiserum identified this protein in all five isolates. the ospc gene was cloned and sequenced for isolates hb19, dn127cl9-2 and 25015, and compared with the published ospc sequences of other lyme disease spirochetes. bot ... | 1994 | 7851744 |
| animal models for lyme disease. | | 1995 | 7853847 |
| chronic lyme disease in the rhesus monkey. | we have previously reported the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of "early" borrelia burgdorferi infection in rhesus monkeys (3). we have now evaluated these features during the chronic phase of lyme disease in this animal model. | 1995 | 7853849 |
| complement-mediated killing of borrelia garinii--bactericidal activity of wild deer serum. | the susceptibility of borrelia garinii to fresh wild deer sera was determined by incubating strain sika2 at 10% serum concentration for 1 hr at 37 c in an in vitro bactericidal assay. each serum showed bactericidal effects at various levels. the effect was dependent on the concentration of antibody to the spirochetes. complement was essential in the bactericidal assay because the inactivated deer serum showed greatly decreased activity. our results suggest that b. garinii is sensitive to deer se ... | 1994 | 7854216 |
| long-term findings in patients with facial palsy and antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. | little is known about the long-term effects of borrelia burgdorferi (bb) infection in untreated patients with peripheral facial palsy. we investigated 12 patients with elevated serum bb antibody levels, with a median follow-up time of 11 years, during which 3 of the 12 still exhibited intrathecal antibody production of antibodies against bb flagellar antigen, and 2 of the 3 had normal serum bb antibodies. four of the 12 had elevated serum antibody titres at the late follow-up examination. arthra ... | 1994 | 7855553 |
| serological tests for lyme disease in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis and healthy jamaicans. | the significance of reactive serological tests for lyme disease in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) was assessed by examining serum samples from 128 of these patients and 200 healthy jamaicans by lyme indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa), enzyme immuno-assay (eia) and western blot analyses. sera were also examined in serological tests for syphilis (sts), an unabsorbed fluorescent treponemal antibody test and leptospira microagglutination test. the prevalence of positive lyme ... | 1994 | 7855925 |
| short report: mode of action of protective immunity to lyme disease spirochetes. | to determine whether protective immunity against the agent of lyme disease may be expressed mainly within its tick vector prior to transmission, we passively immunized mice at various intervals after infected ticks had attached, and assayed such mice for evidence of spirochetal infection by xenodiagnosis one month after challenge. groups of cd-1 mice were intraperitoneally infused with 0.5 ml of hyperimmune rabbit or mouse serum, reagents and quantities previously determined to protect against s ... | 1995 | 7856828 |
| comparison of dark-field microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of borrelia burgdorferi in field-collected ixodes ricinus ticks. | in a study based on 100 field-collected female ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks from the surroundings of giessen, dark-field microscopy (dfm), culture, and pcr were compared as procedures for detecting lyme borreliosis spirochetes in ticks. by dfm, 16 ticks were found to be infected with spirochetes. from the midgut of 18 ticks (including 14 microscopically positive specimens), spirochetes were cultured in bsk ii medium and in bsk ii medium supplemented with either co-trimoxazole (500 micrograms/ml) or ... | 1994 | 7858345 |
| the overdiagnosis of lyme disease in children residing in an endemic area. | the medical records of 227 children ages 1 to 19 years referred to the lyme disease pediatric clinic over a 32-month period since may 1990 were reviewed. clinico-serologic criteria for a positive diagnosis were applied. one hundred thirty-eight of 227 referred children did not fulfill those criteria and became the study population. four subsets of patients emerged: (1) 54 patients with predominantly subjective symptoms; (2) 52 patients with objective evidence for an alternative diagnosis; (3) ei ... | 1994 | 7859425 |
| acute childhood neuroborreliosis with a selective immune response to a low molecular weight protein expressed by borrelia garinii. | in patients with lyme borreliosis the early immune response to borrelia burgdorferi is usually directed against the flagellin (41 kd) antigen. however, the sera of 4 out of 12 children with typical early neuroborreliosis contained antibodies to two low molecular weight proteins of 19 and 23 kd. these antibodies were demonstrated in serological tests using borrelia garinii as antigen source. b. garinii is the species of b. burgdorferi sensu lato associated with neuroborreliosis. in contrast serol ... | 1994 | 7859793 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in tuscany (italy). | to evaluate the diffusion of borrelia burgdorferi in tuscani (italy) 720 ticks were collected and subsequently cultured for borrelia burgdorferi. a strain of borrelia burgdoferi was isolated from one tick; this being the first such reported identification in central-southern italy. | 1994 | 7861990 |
| clinical aspects of systemic and localized scleroderma. | continued efforts are being made to better define the clinical course, disease subsets, and predictors of outcome in scleroderma. data suggest that the course of the skin disease is triphasic, with the most active thickening phase in the first 12 months of disease. the presence of specific autoantibodies may predict clinical course more precisely than any clinical feature. antipolymerase i, ii, and iii antibodies seem specific for scleroderma and, if present, may predict aggressive disease. earl ... | 1994 | 7865385 |
| neopterin production and tryptophan degradation in acute lyme neuroborreliosis versus late lyme encephalopathy. | fourteen patients with borrelia burgdorferi infection were investigated for possible abnormalities of tryptophan and neopterin metabolism. four patients (2 were investigated before therapy, 2 when therapy had been already started) had acute lyme neuroborreliosis, and 10 patients were investigated months to years after an acute infection. increased concentrations of neopterin and of the tryptophan-degradation product, l-kynurenine, were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute l ... | 1994 | 7865624 |
| lyme disease in the united kingdom. | | 1995 | 7866174 |
| animal models of lyme disease: pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis. | valuable insights into the pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis of lyme disease are beginning to emerge from studies in animal models. this review highlights two animal models: the mouse, which has allowed us to investigate the role of both the immune response and spirochete phenotype in determining the outcome of the disease; and the rhesus monkey, which manifests signs of nerve involvement, in addition to showing erythema migrans and arthritis. | 1994 | 7866701 |
| t helper phenotype and genetic susceptibility in experimental lyme disease. | infection of inbred mice with borrelia burgdorferi results in strain-specific variation in the severity of pathogen-induced arthritis: balb/c mice develop only mild disease whereas c3h/hej mice develop severe arthritis. the immunologic basis for varying host susceptibility has yet to be defined. we modified experimental lyme disease to facilitate measurement of antigen-specific cytokine production in resistant and susceptible mice. the analysis revealed highly polarized lymphokine patterns direc ... | 1995 | 7869043 |
| localization of borrelia burgdorferi in murine lyme borreliosis by electron microscopy. | lyme borreliosis is a newly recognized systemic infection with protean clinical manifestations. because the localization of the causative spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) in infected tissues is unknown, we used electron microscopy to find spirochetes in the hearts of chronically infected mice. there were three predominant locations for the spirochete in the hearts. in mice infected for one month or less, the spirochetes were mostly in or around blood vessels. they were either in the lumen or in ... | 1995 | 7872439 |
| acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans involving the face. evidence for borrelia burgdorferi infection confirmed by dna amplification. | in a female patient with increasing redness of the hands and face, proteins of borrelia burgdorferi were detected in a biopsy of the ear by dna amplification. although acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans has been documented to be caused by b. burgdorferi, this is the first case with proven spirochetal presence in the skin of the head. after 2 weeks of intravenous therapy with ceftriaxone marked improvement of discoloration of the skin was noted. | 1994 | 7873838 |
| [detection of anti-bb antibodies in human sera by vidas system]. | lyme disease is an infectious disease just known in the latest decade. the sera of people from various origins were detected for anti-bb antibodies (igm+igg) by vidas system. the results are as follows: of 83 sera from the health-cared people, 8 were positive (9.6%); of 20 sera from the patients clinical diagnosed as tuberculosis, none was positive; of 46 sera from the patients clinical diagnosed or suspected as node diseases, 4 were positive (8.7%); of 57 sera from the patients with various oph ... | 1994 | 7874709 |
| treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides activate monocytes/macrophages. | the observation that the major membrane immunogens of the spirochetal pathogens. treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi are lipoproteins prompted studies to investigate macrophage activation by the 47-kda lipoprotein of t. pallidum and the acylated outer surface protein a (ospa) of b. burgdorferi. both lipoproteins induced the synthesis of biologically active tnf-alpha and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in a murine macrophage cell line transfected with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ... | 1995 | 7876555 |
| recombinant outer surface protein c elisa for the diagnosis of early lyme disease. | to compare the sensitivity of a new elisa for igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi that uses a recombinant outer surface protein c (rospc) with those of a whole cell (wc) elisa and an immunoblot assay for the diagnosis of early lyme disease, serum specimens from 82 consecutive patients with physician-documented erythema migrans were analyzed. to compare the specificities of the three assays, serum specimens from 50 patients without a history of lyme disease and from an area in which b. burgdor ... | 1995 | 7876628 |
| natural occurrence and characterization of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, in cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) from georgia and florida. | this is the first report of natural infection by borrelia burgdorferi in the cotton rat sigmodon hispidus. nine b. burgdorferi isolates were obtained from ear tissues, urinary bladders, or both, by culturing tissues in bskii medium. the rat from which the si-3 isolate was cultured was from the same site (sapelo island, georgia) as an infected cotton mouse peromyscus gossypinus and ixodes scapularis tick reported previously. the 8 b. burgdorferi isolates from rats in florida included 1 (ai-1) fro ... | 1995 | 7876974 |
| lyme arthritis in european children and adolescents. the pediatric rheumatology collaborative group. | to evaluate and describe lyme arthritis in european children and adolescents. | 1995 | 7880190 |
| tonic "seizures" in a patient with brainstem demyelination: mri study of brain and spinal cord. | tonic seizures are a poorly understood manifestation of demyelinating disease, first reported in 4 patients with multiple sclerosis. we describe a patient with tonic extension of the left limbs caused by a right-sided brainstem lesion as the first manifestation of demyelinating disease. a 19-year-old man was referred with a 4-month history of spontaneous attacks of mild paresthesias of the left arm and leg, followed by 15-45 s of rigid extension of the left limbs, occurring up to 25 times per da ... | 1994 | 7880343 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in lesional skin of patients with erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans by ospa-specific pcr. | the aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific pcr for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna. the plasmid-located gene coding for the outer surface protein a (ospa [31-kda protein]) was used as a target. nucleotide sequence information from different b. burgdorferi ospa genotypes was used to design primers homologous to different genotypes. the sensitivity of the nested pcr differed from 1 fg to 1 pg of borrelial dna, depending on the strain analyzed. no cross-reactions with d ... | 1994 | 7883886 |
| treatment of late lyme borreliosis. | the aim of this study was to develop a treatment for late lyme borreliosis and to compare the clinical results with serological findings before and after treatment. it was done in the aland islands (population 25,000), a region endemic for lyme borreliosis. the patients were the first consecutive 100 patients from the aland islands with late lyme borreliosis. they were followed for at least 1 year after treatment. the clinical results of treatment were compared with results of analyses of flagel ... | 1994 | 7884218 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infections in uk cattle: a possible association with digital dermatitis. | | 1994 | 7886898 |
| [incidence of lyme borreliosis in mecklenburg-vorpommern]. | in 1992/93 6202 ticks (ixodes ricinus) were tested in mecklenburg-vorpommern for borrelia burgdorferi via dark-field microscopy. the prevalence of infected ticks was 7.8%. the sera of 1182 forest workers in mecklenburg-vorpommern were tested for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. in 31.4% antibodies to b. burgdorferi were found in the sera of forest workers. | 1995 | 7888719 |
| identification of an immunologically important hypervariable domain of major outer surface protein a of borrelia burgdorferi. | the gene for the major outer surface protein a (ospa) from several clinically obtained strains of borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of lyme disease, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli by using a t7-based expression system (j. j. dunn, b. n. lade, and a. g. barbour, protein expr. purif. 1:159-168, 1990). all of the ospas have a single conserved tryptophan at residue 216 or, in some cases, 217; however, the region of the protein flanking the tryptophan is hypervariable, as ... | 1995 | 7890394 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-specific t lymphocytes induce severe destructive lyme arthritis. | this is the first documentation that borrelia burgdorferi-specific t lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of lyme arthritis. we present direct evidence that t lymphocytes obtained from inbred lsh hamsters vaccinated with a whole-cell preparation of formalin-inactivated b. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolate c-1-11 in adjuvant conferred on naive recipient hamsters the ability to develop severe destructive arthritis when challenged with b. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates c-1-11 and 297. b ... | 1995 | 7890402 |
| dermal inflammation elicited by synthetic analogs of treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins. | the membrane lipoproteins of treponema pallidum and borrelia burgdorferi have potent immunostimulatory properties in vitro, implicating them as major inflammatory mediators in syphilis and lyme disease. recently, we reported that synthetic lipohexapeptide analogs (lipopeptides) of the lipoproteins could be used as surrogates for native spirochetal lipoproteins in immune cell activation studies in vitro. the present study was designed to evaluate the inflammatory properties of the lipopeptides in ... | 1995 | 7890417 |
| borrelia burgdorferi mutant lacking osp: biological and immunological characterization. | all borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates characterized to date have one or a combination of several major outer surface proteins (osps). mutants of b. burgdorferi lacking osps were selected with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies at a frequency of 10(-6) to 10(-5). one mutant that lacked ospa, -b, -c, and -d was further characterized. it was distinguished from the ospa+b+ cells by its (i) autoaggregation and slower growth rate, (ii) decreased plating efficiency on solid medium, (iii) serum ... | 1995 | 7890424 |
| oral vaccination with an attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain expressing borrelia burgdorferi ospa prevents murine lyme borreliosis. | borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme disease. in the mouse model, protection is correlated with the development of antibodies to a major outer surface protein, ospa. in this study, we expressed ospa in an attenuated strain of salmonella typhimurium and tested the efficacy of the transformed strain in protecting against disease. we show that mice inoculated by gavage developed high titers of anti-ospa antibodies and were protected against an intradermal challenge with the spirochet ... | 1995 | 7890431 |
| subacute multiple-site osteomyelitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi. | in a pediatric case of severe multiple-site osteomyelitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi, the presence of spirochetes in a bone lesion was documented both by culture and by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). positive pcr results were also obtained with culture fluid yielding spirochetal growth and with acute-phase serum. although the disease evidently was a late manifestation of lyme borreliosis, antibodies to b. burgdorferi were low in titer and were restricted to the igm class. the distribut ... | 1994 | 7893875 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from two patients in michigan. | borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from skin biopsy specimens of erythema chronicum migrans lesions on two individuals residing in menominee county, michigan, in 1992. to our knowledge, these are the first two cases of culture-confirmed lyme disease in michigan. in spite of prompt treatment and resolution of illness, antibodies to b. burgdorferi were detectable for at least 3 months in both patients. both specimens were obtained at different rural medical practices, thus demonstrating that with a ... | 1994 | 7893885 |
| [evaluating the usefulness of tests from the 3m diagnostics systems and biowhittaker firms in diagnosis of lyme disease and borreliosis]. | | 1994 | 7894374 |
| expression of the flagellin gene in borrelia is controlled by an alternative sigma factor. | the flagellin genes from six borrelia species were cloned, sequenced and characterized at the molecular level. the flagellin genes of two relapsing fever borrelia species, b. hermsii and b. crocidurae, three lyme disease genomic species, b. burgdorferi, b. afzelii and b. garinii, and the avian borreliosis agent, b. anserina, were compared and showed an 85-93% sequence identity to each other. comparison of the fla genes from the different lyme borreliosis spirochaetes revealed that they were 94-9 ... | 1995 | 7894724 |
| variable csf findings in early and late lyme neuroborreliosis: a follow-up study in 47 patients. | the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 37 patients with early lyme neuroborreliosis (eln) and of 10 patients with late lyme neuroborreliosis (lln, duration of symptoms > or = 7 months) was investigated for typical features differentiating between acute and chronic courses of disease. individual patients were studied after 2 and 4 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months. patients with eln presented predominantly with symptoms of the peripheral nervous system, while patients with lln generally suffered from symp ... | 1994 | 7897449 |
| [lyme disease]. | the history of lyme disease, a contagious condition caused by borrelia burgdorferi transmitted to man by ticks offers infectiologists a formidable lesson on how medicine progresses. clinical description started in europe at the turn of the century with pick's description of what was then labelled chronic atrophic acrodermatitis. fifty years later hauser noted the affection was transmitted by ticks. independently, afzelius, then lipschutz, described erythema chronicum migrans and its relationship ... | 1995 | 7899351 |
| genetic diversity among borrelia burgdorferi isolates: more than three genospecies? | in order to assess the genetic relationships among isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, we have determined chromosomal dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) of 27 isolates. using five restriction enzymes and seven dna probes, we recorded 246 different hybridizing bands. the resulting matrix was subjected to factorial correspondence analysis and to phylogenetic analysis using a parsimony program. these analyses demonstrate two closely related genospecies and three individual strains. ... | 1993 | 7902598 |
| different genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi are associated with distinct clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has been subdivided into three genospecies: b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii, and b. burgdorferi group vs461. sixty-eight isolates cultured from patients and 26 strains from ticks were characterized with use of sds-page, western blotting, and rrna gene restriction analysis. fifty-seven of 58 strains obtained from the skin of 70 patients who had erythema migrams or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were of group vs461, whereas the genotype of the remainin ... | 1993 | 7903558 |
| characterization of borrelia species isolated from ixodid ticks, ixodes ovatus. | thirty-two borrelia isolates were obtained from the adult stage of ixodid ticks, ixodes ovatus, collected in various localities in japan. borrelial isolates were cultivated and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with monoclonal antibodies, by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and by genomic southern hybridization. all borrelial isolates showed similar protein profiles and monoclonal antibody reactivities, while plasmid profiles were rather diverse. genomic hybridization using rrna g ... | 1993 | 7903788 |
| genomic analysis of borrelia japonica sp. nov. isolated from ixodes ovatus in japan. | genetic characteristics of 12 borrelia isolates from the tick, ixodes ovatus, i. persulcatus, and the rodent, apodemus speciosus ainu, in japan were compared to members of the three genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato; b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii and group vs461. the methods used in this study were the quantitative microplate dna hybridization assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses of the flagellin structural genes and the 16s rrna genes. the s ... | 1993 | 7905183 |
| prominent t lymphocyte response to borrelia burgdorferi from peripheral blood of unexposed donors. | the proliferative response of peripheral blood t cells to the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, can be as pronounced in unexposed normal individuals as it is in lyme disease patients. this finding was observed using three geographically distinct isolates of b. burgdorferi. the response is not due to a lipopolysaccharide effect of the spirochete, is sensitive to proteinase k, and requires antigen processing. it does not result from cross-reactivity of memory t cells that may be reactive to anothe ... | 1994 | 7905415 |
| genetic diversity among borrelia burgdorferi isolates from wood rats and kangaroo rats in california. | twenty-nine borrelia burgdorferi isolates, obtained from dusky-footed wood rats (neotoma fuscipes) and california kangaroo rats (dipodomys californicus) in california, were analyzed genetically. chromosomal dna was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) and gene probe restriction fragment length polymorphism. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the plasmid profiles of the isolates. rea, the method with the greatest discrimination, disclosed 24 distinct restriction p ... | 1993 | 7905880 |
| comparative analysis of genetic variability among borrelia burgdorferi isolates from europe and the united states by restriction enzyme analysis, gene restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the genomes of 62 north american and european borrelia burgdorferi isolates were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea), gene probe restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). hybridization of restriction fragments with the immunologically relevant 83-kda antigen gene revealed polymorphisms and divided the isolates into three major groups. group i included all but two of the american isolates and some of the european isolates. one of two ca ... | 1993 | 7905881 |
| borrelia seropositive with no symptoms of lyme disease. | | 1994 | 7910925 |
| lyme disease in sub-saharan africa. | | 1994 | 7911837 |
| genetic stability of borrelia burgdorferi recovered from chronically infected immunocompetent mice. | persistent infection with borrelia burgdorferi in the presence of a vigorous host immune response has been demonstrated in humans and in animal models of lyme disease. long-term persistence of b. burgdorferi was documented recently in our studies of balb/c and c3h mice infected with cloned and uncloned strains of b. burgdorferi. from mice inoculated with the cloned strain, 11 isolates were recovered from the skin, bladder, and blood after 1 year of infection. analysis of the genes encoding the m ... | 1994 | 7913700 |
| analysis of the distribution and molecular heterogeneity of the ospd gene among the lyme disease spirochetes: evidence for lateral gene exchange. | analysis of the ospd gene has revealed that this gene is not universal among lyme disease spirochete isolates. the gene was found to be carried by 90, 50, and 24% of the borrelia garinii, b. afzelii, and b. burgdorferi isolates tested. size variability in the ospd-encoding plasmid was also observed. sequence analysis has demonstrated the presence of various numbers of a 17-bp repeated sequence in the upstream control (promoter) region of the gene. in addition, a region within the coding sequence ... | 1994 | 7913928 |
| cd4+ th2 t cells elicited by immunization confer protective immunity to experimental borrelia burgdorferi infection. | | 1994 | 7915895 |
| [detection of borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in a population sample of the state of zulia]. | between july 1992 and september 1993 an investigation was carried out in a population of zulia state, venezuela, in order to detect antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi for the diagnosis of lyme disease. a total of 74 patients were studied: 37 asymptomatic and 37 patients clinically suspected having the disease. elisa tests were performed to determine antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. the positive cases, confirmed by duplicate, were tested with vdrl, monotest, rheumatoid factor and ant ... | 1994 | 7918761 |
| inflammatory neuropathies associated with known infections (hiv, leprosy, chagas' disease, lyme disease). | | 1994 | 7921587 |
| [towards a new vaccine economy?]. | when jonas salk announced in the mid-50s the availability of a new vaccine against poliomyelitis, the world had the impression that it was now controlling infectious diseases. in fact, the success of this vaccine has been considerable and although some innovations lead to the launch of vaccines against flu, measles, rubella or mumps, the world vaccine market remained remarkably stable till the mid-80s. however, since 1984 (launch of the hepatitis b vaccine) there have been very substantial chang ... | 1994 | 7921683 |
| biological activities of native and recombinant borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein a: dependence on lipid modification. | borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins are 50- to 500-fold more active as cytokine inducers and b-cell mitogens than escherichia coli lipoproteins and synthetic peptides containing the tripalmitoyl-s-glyceryl-cysteine moiety. to investigate the source of this unique potency, we compared native ospa from b. burgdorferi with recombinant lipidated ospa produced in e. coli. as little as 10 ng of either protein per ml stimulated b-cell proliferation and production of cytokines and nitric oxide by macropha ... | 1994 | 7927731 |
| borrelia burgdorferi antigens that are targeted by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated killing in the rhesus monkey. | we identified surface antigens of borrelia burgdorferi that are targeted by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated killing (adck) in the rhesus monkey. for this purpose, we had available serum samples from three animals infected with b. burgdorferi jd1 by needle inoculation and from two monkeys that were infected with the same b. burgdorferi strain by ixodes scapularis tick bite. sera from monkeys from the first group contained antibodies to ospa and ospb detectable by western blot (immunoblot) ... | 1994 | 7927774 |
| competence of dogs as reservoirs for lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi). | dogs become infected with borrelia burgdorferi after being bitten by infected adult ticks. however, it is not known whether dogs are competent reservoirs of the organism, that is, it is not known whether infected dogs can subsequently transmit the bacterium to feeding immature ticks. to determine reservoir competence of dogs, 11 beagles were experimentally infected by means of challenge exposure to infected adult deer ticks (ixodes scapularis). three weeks later, larval ticks were allowed to fee ... | 1994 | 7928571 |
| genetic transformation of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi with coumarin-resistant gyrb. | no useful method to genetically manipulate borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, has been developed previously. we have used resistance to the coumarin antibiotic coumermycin a1, an inhibitor of dna gyrase, as a genetic marker to monitor the transformation of b. burgdorferi by electroporation. introduction of site-directed mutations into the gyrb gene demonstrated that transformation was successful, provided evidence that homologous recombination occurs on the chromosome, an ... | 1994 | 7928965 |
| use of recombinant ospc from borrelia burgdorferi for serodiagnosis of early lyme disease. | infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is associated with an early and dominant humoral response to the spirochete's 23-kda outer surface protein c (ospc). we have cloned and expressed ospc as a fusion protein in escherichia coli and have shown that patient serum samples react with it in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (s. j. padula, a. sampieri, f. dias, a. szczepanski, and r. w. ryan, infect. immun. 61:5097-5105, 1993). now we have compared the d ... | 1994 | 7929767 |
| comparison of two methods for detecting intrathecal synthesis of borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibodies and pcr for diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis. | an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), a commercial capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and pcr were compared for the diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis in 16 individuals. borrelia burgdorferi-specific intrathecal immunoglobulin g was found in 10 of 16 patients by ifa and in 8 of 12 patients by capture elisa. pcrs performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples stored at -70 degrees c were positive for one of eight children and one of four adults with intrathecal antibody production ... | 1994 | 7929776 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in museum specimens of peromyscus leucopus. | to determine whether borrelia burgdorferi was enzootic within the united states at the beginning of the 20th century, ear skin samples taken from museum specimens of the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) were examined for evidence of spirochetal dna. in total, 280 samples from mice collected between 1870 and 1919 were analyzed by a nested polymerase chain reaction protocol. of these, 2 specimens from the vicinity of dennis, massachusetts, during 1894 were reproducibly positive for b. burg ... | 1994 | 7930700 |
| lyme disease spirochetes in japan: enzootic transmission cycles in birds, rodents, and ixodes persulcatus ticks. | the ixodid tick, ixodes persulcatus, serves as a vector of borrelia species associated with lyme disease in hokkaido, japan. the migratory birds of genera emberiza and turdus and the woodland rodents of genera apodemus and clethrionomys are the wildlife reservoirs. to systemize the enzootic transmission cycles, borreliae isolates were classified by ribosomal rna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. most (> 60%) isolates from the bird-feeding i. persulcatus larvae belong ... | 1994 | 7930730 |
| quantitation of the borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein a in ixodes scapularis: fluctuations during the tick life cycle, doubling times, and loss while feeding. | the presence of outer surface protein a (ospa) as a marker for borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes scapularis ticks was monitored with an ospa antigen-capture elisa. the ospa elisa, with a sensitivity of 30 spirochetes (8 fg), was not affected by the presence of either recently blood-fed or flat tick homogenates. median spirochete equivalent levels as high as 16,000 in larvae, 55,000 in attached nymphs, and 10,000 in unfed adults were observed. estimates of ospa doubling times ranged from a maximum o ... | 1994 | 7930731 |
| fc- and non-fc-mediated phagocytosis of borrelia burgdorferi by macrophages. | the fc receptor (fcr) for immunoglobulin has been assigned a major role in the ingestion of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete, by macrophages. yet macrophages readily take up and kill b. burgdorferi that have not been opsonized. by use of doubly-labeled macrophages infected with spirochetes and analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, simultaneous localization of both fcr and spirochetes (opsonized and unopsonized) was quantified. after infection with unopsonized spirochetes ... | 1994 | 7930732 |
| the soriano award lecture. emerging infections of the nervous system. | the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency disease [aids] has focused interest on the origins of "new" infectious agents. great plagues are well known from the distant past, but a number of novel diseases affecting the nervous system infections have emerged in recent years. the causes of such new disorders are diverse: whereas rapid mutations of microbes allow the evolution of truly novel agents, the appearance of new diseases is more often due to changes in human or vector populations or changes ... | 1994 | 7931418 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-induced ultrastructural alterations in human phagocytes: a clue to pathogenicity? | a chronic infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi typically results in a multistage, multisystem illness. thus, lyme borreliosis may provide an interesting model to study the pathomechanisms of microbial persistence. in the present investigation, human peripheral blood monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and synovial macrophages were incubated with b. burgdorferi and examined by light and electron microscopy. it was found that incubation with the spirochaetes induced distinct fe ... | 1994 | 7931847 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in host-seeking ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a lyme disease endemic area in northern michigan. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, was recovered from the guts of questing ixodes scapularis say adults and nymphs and adult dermacentor variabilis (say), collected in menominee county, michigan, in 1992. spirochetes were cultured successfully from guts placed in modified barbour-stoenner-kelly ii medium held in 5-ml cultures tubes or in 0.3-ml wells of microtiter plates. most isolates were recovered within 2 wk of culturing at an incu ... | 1994 | 7932597 |