| differences in the binding of aromatic substrates to horseradish peroxidase revealed by fluorescence line narrowing. | the heme in horseradish peroxidase (hrp) isoenzyme c was replaced by mesoporphyrin (mp), and the binding effect of the aromatic substrates benzo-and naphthohydroxamic acid (bha, nha), resorcinol (re), isomeric resorcylic acids (alpha-, beta-, gamma-re), and hydroquinone (hq) was studied at ph 5 by conventional and laser-excited fluorescence spectroscopy on the basis of the signal of the porphyrin. under laser excitation at cryogenic temperatures site selection was demonstrated, and the fluoresce ... | 1989 | 2611198 |
| endocytosis of antigen, anti-idiotype, and anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and receptor re-expression by murine b cells. | the endocytosis of ag mediated by membrane-associated ig (mig) molecules has been spectrophotometrically monitored using a cell line (2c3) specific for the hapten phthalate (xmp) and employing conjugates of xmp and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) as the labeled ligand. approximately 50% of both xmp-hrp, or the larger ligand, xmp-keyhole limpet hemocyanin-hrp, are internalized rapidly, reaching an initial plateau by 30 min. the rate of endocytosis of anti-idiotype-hrp is similar to the rates that we ... | 1989 | 2789248 |
| edta inhibits peroxidase-catalyzed iodide oxidation through interaction at the iodide binding site. | edta inhibits the formation of i3- from iodide catalysed by various pure peroxidases. the inhibition is concentration-dependent and chloroperoxidase (cpo) is more sensitive than horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and lactoperoxidase (lpo). edta is more active than egta or other biological chelators tested. zn2+, mn2+ and co2+ are equally active in reversing the effect of edta on both cpo and hrp almost completely, but ineffective in the case of lpo. the effect of edta on hrp can be reversed by a highe ... | 1989 | 2505857 |
| a telencephalospinal projection in the tegu lizard (tupinambis teguixin). | tegu lizards (tupinambis teguixin) were studied to determine the presence of a homologue of the mammalian corticospinal tract. the sources of telencephalic efferent projections to the spinal cord were determined by evaluating the localization of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase applied in the cervical spinal cord. labeled cells were present in subtelencephalic sites reported previously by other authors and, in addition, were found in the principal sensory and motor nuclei of the t ... | 1989 | 2804655 |
| avian somatosensory system: ii. ascending projections of the dorsal column and external cuneate nuclei in the pigeon. | the ascending projections of the dorsal column and external cuneate nuclei (dcn/cue) in the pigeon were investigated in anterograde tracing experiments by using autoradiography or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp). the results show that the majority of ascending projections decussate via internal arcuate fibers to form a contralateral medial lemniscus which ascends in a ventral position. in the brainstem, terminal fields were observed in the ventral lamella of ... | 1989 | 2794122 |
| selective illumination of single photoreceptors in the house fly retina: local membrane turnover and uptake of extracellular horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and lucifer yellow. | single photoreceptor cells in the compound eye of the housefly musca domestica were selectively illuminated and subsequently compared electron-microscopically with the unilluminated photoreceptors in the immediate surroundings. the rhabdomeres of the illuminated cells remain largely unaffected, but the cells show an increase in the number of coated pits, various types of vesicles, and degradative organelles; some of the latter organelles are described for the first time in fly photoreceptors. co ... | 1989 | 2790938 |
| test-strip method for measuring lactate in whole blood. | we have developed a dry reagent strip system for measuring lactate in whole blood. the test strip contains lactate oxidase (no ec number assigned), horseradish peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7), and n-ethyl-n-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine. the system is designed to measure with a reflectometer the color that developed in the test strip, although the lactate concentration can be estimated without the reflectometer. the between-run coefficients of variation for controls at three concentrations were ... | 1989 | 2776334 |
| endocytosis and phosphate transport in ok epithelial cells. | endocytosis was studied in ok epithelial cells, an established cell line from opossum kidney. the presence of fluid-phase endocytosis in these cells was demonstrated by measuring cell uptake of lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase. the intracellular distribution of lucifer yellow fluorescence was consistent with uptake by endocytosis. endocytosis was inhibited in medium made hyperosmolar by addition of sucrose. in hyperosmolar medium the action of parathyroid hormone on na+/phosphate cotran ... | 2013 | 2623350 |
| evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a candidate reference method for the measurement of apolipoprotein b-100. | a monoclonal antibody-based direct binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for apoprotein (apo) b-100 has been developed for use as a reference method. the assay uses the two well-characterized monoclonal antibodies, mb24 and mb47. mb47, which recognizes an epitope at the low density lipoprotein (ldl) receptor-binding domain of apob and is specific for apob-100, is bound to the microtiter plate as the capture antibody. mb24, which binds an epitope in the amino terminal half of the apob ... | 1989 | 2600545 |
| free radical intermediates formed during the oxidation of cyanide by horseradish peroxidase/h2o2 as detected with nitroso spin traps. | aqueous solutions of cyanide react with hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase and form the cyanyl radical, which can be trapped by 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (t-nitrosobutane, tnb) at ph 9.8. at lower ph a variety of radical adducts are formed; at higher ph, the main product was the spin adduct of the formamide radical with tnb. the use of deuterated tnb and 15n-labeled potassium cyanide allowed the observation of the very small nitrogen coupling of this radical adduct. experiments using 3,5-d ... | 1989 | 2552012 |
| porphyrin-laser photodynamic induction of focal brain necrosis. | a noninvasive photodynamic method has been developed to produce focal brain necrosis using porphyrin activated in vivo with laser light. after peripheral injection of the photosensitive porphyrin derivative, photofrin i, mice were irradiated on the posterior lateral aspect of the head through the intact depilated scalp with 632 nm argon-dye laser light. animals were studied at one, two and seven days after irradiation. blood-brain barrier damage was detected by the intravenous injection of evans ... | 1989 | 2527970 |
| time-resolved fluorescence studies on protoporphyrin ix-apohorseradish peroxidase. | the hemin moiety of horseradish peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, ec 1.11.1.7) was removed and the apoprotein reconstituted with the fluorescent protoporphyrin ix. steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of the hrp(desfe) adduct were examined; the multifrequency phase and modulation method was utilized for lifetime and dynamic polarization studies. the emission spectrum of hrp(desfe) had maxima at 633 and 696 nm. the lifetime of this emission was characterized by ... | 1989 | 2765557 |
| mormyromast electroreceptor organs and their afferent fibers in mormyrid fish: i. morphology. | mormyromast electroreceptor organs are the most numerous type of electroreceptor organs in mormyrid electric fish and provide the sensory information necessary for active electrolocation. mormyromast organs and their primary afferent fibers have not been studied very extensively. both morphological and physiological questions remain to be answered before the neural basis of active electrolocation in mormyrids can be understood. this paper examines four different aspects of the morphology of morm ... | 1989 | 2768566 |
| location of forelimb motoneurons in the japanese toad (bufo japonicus): a horseradish peroxidase study. | to label the spinal motoneurons innervating the forelimb muscles of the japanese toad, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was injected into these muscles or applied to the cut end of the brachial nerves (n. radialis and n. ulnaris). spatial distribution of the hrp-labeled motoneurons was reconstructed from serial frontal sections of the spinal cord and their location was examined. motoneurons innervating forelimb muscles were distributed in the lateral cell column from segment 3 to segment 5 of the ip ... | 1989 | 2768564 |
| the one-electron oxidation of porphyrins to porphyrin pi-cation radicals by peroxidases: an electron spin resonance investigation. | for the first time, the enzymatic one-electron oxidation of several naturally occurring and synthetic water-soluble porphyrins by peroxidases was investigated by esr and optical spectroscopy. the esr spectra of the free radical metabolites of the porphyrins were singlets (g = 2.0024, delta h = 2-3 g), which we assigned to their respective porphyrin pi-cation free radicals. several porphyrins were investigated and ranked by the intensity of their esr spectra (coproporphyrin iii greater than copro ... | 1989 | 2547338 |
| polyacrylic polyhydrazides as reagents for detection of glycoproteins. | glycoproteins immobilized on membranes can be detected with high selectivity and sensitivity by the four-step procedure described in this work. the glycoproteins are first oxidized by sodium periodate and then polyacrylic polyhydrazides are coupled to the aldehyde groups generated in the sugar part of the glycoproteins. in the third step, a glycoenzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase, is coupled to the remaining hydrazide groups on the polymer through the aldehydes formed in its glycan chains. i ... | 1989 | 2479293 |
| homing behaviour of regenerating axons in the amphibian limb. | following peripheral nerve deviation in the limbs of urodele amphibians axons regrow distally toward their previous target muscles (holder et al. 1984; proc. roy. soc. lond. b 222, 477-489). this study describes analysis of this axon regeneration over time following deviation of the forearm flexor nerve in triturus cristatus and the extensor cranialis nerve in the axolotl. using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) axonal tracing, electrophysiology and electron microscopy, we describe the sequence of ev ... | 1989 | 2485244 |
| centrifugal innervation of the lamprey retina. light- and electron microscopic and electrophysiological investigations. | centrifugal fibers and their synaptic connections were studied in retinas of the lamprey lampetra fluviatilis. the morphological analysis of retinofugal and retinopetal elements was performed after their horseradish peroxidase (hrp) filling through either the cut optic nerve in isolated retina preparations or after intracerebral hrp injections. in flat-mounted retinas, labeled ganglion cell bodies with their dendritic arborizations as well as centrifugal axons were found. the topography of label ... | 1989 | 2776010 |
| elementary steps in the formation of horseradish peroxidase compound i: direct observation of compound 0, a new intermediate with a hyperporphyrin spectrum. | the reaction of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) with h2o2 has been studied in 50% v/v methanol/water over the 25.0 to -36.0 degrees c temperature range by using the low-temperature stopped-flow technique. all reactions were carried out under pseudo-first-order conditions with [h2o2] much greater than [hrp]. arrhenius plots for the pseudo-first-order rate constant kobs were linear over the 17.6 to -36.0 degrees c temperature range studied with an activation energy of 4.8 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol. above 0 de ... | 1989 | 2775733 |
| activation thermodynamics of the binding of carbon monoxide to horseradish peroxidase. role of pressure, temperature and solvent. | the kinetics at 423 nm of the binding of carbon monoxide to ferrous horseradish peroxidase were studied as a function of three parameters: pressure (1-1200 bar), temperature (34 to -20 degrees c) and solvent (water, 40% ethylene glycol, 50% methanol) using a high-pressure stopped-flow apparatus. by using transition state theory the thermodynamic quantities delta v, delta s and delta h were determined under these different experimental conditions and were found to be greatly modulated by the phys ... | 1989 | 2804242 |
| hydroxycoumarins as sensitizers and reactants of chemiluminescent oxidative reactions. | chemiluminescence (cl) of 7-hydroxycoumarin, umbelliferone, a strongly fluorescing compound, the precursor of photoactive furocoumarins widely spread in plant kingdom and used in dye lasers has been examined in four oxidative systems producing active oxygen species: a--horseradish peroxidase + h2o2 + buffers ph = 3-10; b--k3fe (cn)6 + h2o2 + buffers ph = 4-12; c--naocl + buffer ph = 3-10.8; and d--hcho + h2o2 + k2co3 (na2co3), the so-called trautz-schorigin reaction. in all these systems a 10-10 ... | 1989 | 2801213 |
| mechanism of horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of malonaldehyde. | the mechanism of malonaldehyde oxidation by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of manganese(ii) and acetate was investigated. our results show that an apparent oxygenase behavior demonstrated by peroxidase in this system can be explained in terms of normal peroxidase activity. a free radical is generated from the reaction of malonaldehyde with compounds i and ii of peroxidase; this radical is scavenged by dissolved molecular oxygen to give the appearance of peroxidase acting as an oxygenase. ... | 1989 | 2735762 |
| sensitivity of steroid enzyme immunoassays. comparison of four label enzymes in an assay system using a monoclonal anti-steroid antibody. | the sensitivities of monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays for 11-deoxycortisol using alkaline phosphatase (ap), horseradish peroxidase (hrp), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and glucose oxidase (god) as labels were compared. the anti-11-deoxycortisol antibody used was that produced in ascites by inoculating antibody-secreting hybridoma cells into mice. enzyme labeling of 11-deoxycortisol was carried out by the n-succinimidyl ester method. the activated ester of 4-(2-carboxyethylthio)-11-d ... | 1989 | 2680124 |
| the reactions of horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and myeloperoxidase with enzymatically generated superoxide. | the formation and decay of intermediate compounds of horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and myeloperoxidase formed in the presence of the superoxide/hydrogen peroxide-generating xanthine/xanthine oxidase system has been studied by observation of spectral changes in both the soret and visible spectral regions and both on millisecond and second time scales. it is tentatively concluded that in all cases compound iii is formed in a two-step reaction of native enzyme with superoxide. the presen ... | 1989 | 2544142 |
| [benzidine and its derivatives in the immunohistochemical analysis of peroxidase]. | authors have studied the application of benzidine and its derivatives for the demonstration of the marker enzyme horseradish peroxidase. benzidine compounds are known to be in a blueish dimeric form under oxidative circumstances, while after polymerization they yield a dark brown end product. if the dimeric state is stabilized, the 3,3'-dimethoxy benzidine (o-dianisidin) appears to be the most suitable to demonstrate peroxidase. the o-dianisidin reaction has the advantage of high sensitivity and ... | 1989 | 2507906 |
| membranous intermediates in endocytosis are labile, as shown in a temperature-sensitive mutant. | membranous tubules, especially prevalent in mammalian absorptive epithelia and insect oocytes, are one of the pleomorphic endocytic compartments that have a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis. to determine whether these tubules are evanescent, and to investigate their temporal relationships with other endocytic intermediates, we studied these tubules during oocyte vitellogenesis in the temperature-sensitive mutant drosophila melanogaster, shibiretsl. raising the temperature of shibire oocytes ... | 1989 | 2472637 |
| enhanced oxidation of bilirubin by an immobilized tri-enzyme system of glucose oxidase, bilirubin oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. | bilirubin oxidase was immobilized to nylon fibres. a tri-enzyme system composed of glucose oxidase, bilirubin oxidase and horseradish peroxidase was also immobilized to the fibres. both immobilized systems were tested and it was found that the latter gave enhanced oxidation rates for bilirubin. | 1989 | 2730925 |
| prolonged running does not improve muscle coordination after cross-union of tibial and peroneal nerves in mice. | several months after cross-union of the tibial and peroneal nerves and full muscle reinnervation motor behavior was monitored and was tested by electromyographic recordings from both musculus tibialis anterior (ta) and musculus gastrocnemius medialis (mg). in addition spinal motoneuron pools were labelled by injecting wheat-germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) into experimental and control ta muscles. though the location of ta motoneurons was similar in all 9 mice tested and suggeste ... | 1989 | 2743162 |
| compartmental and topographical distributions of axons in nerves to the amphibian (bufo marinus) glutaeus muscle. | the present work seeks to determine if axons to an amphibian muscle are segregated in nerve trunks between the spinal cord and muscle according to their primary nerve destination or their topographical projection in the muscle. the distribution of axons to different compartments and subcompartments of the amphibian (bufo marinus) glutaeus muscle has been determined in transverse sections of spinal and limb nerves after retrogradely labelling the axons with horseradish peroxidase. glutaeus axons ... | 1989 | 2502565 |
| stabilized isoporphyrin intermediates in the inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by alkylhydrazines. | the reaction of horseradish peroxidase with alkylhydrazines results in delta-meso-alkylation of the prosthetic heme group and enzyme inactivation (ator, m. a., david, s. k., and ortiz de montellano, p. r. (1987) j. biol. chem. 262, 14954-14960). as reported here, enzyme inactivation is associated with the accumulation of intermediates that absorb at approximately 835 nm. the properties of these intermediates, including their collapse to give meso-alkylhemes, identify them as isoporphyrins. the t ... | 1989 | 2722829 |
| mechanism of horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed conversion of iodine to iodide in the presence of edta and h2o2. | edta not only blocks the horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalyzed iodide oxidation to i-3 but also causes an enzymatic conversion of oxidized iodine species to iodide (banerjee, r. k., de, s. k., bose, a. k., and datta, a. g. (1986) j. biol. chem. 261, 10592-10597). the edta effect on both of these reactions can be withdrawn with a higher concentration of iodide and not with h2o2. spectral studies indicate a possible interaction of edta with hrp as evidenced by the formation of modified compound 1 ... | 1989 | 2498328 |
| striped pattern of labeling in ground squirrel superior colliculus following intraocular hrp injections. | in the 13-lined ground squirrel (citellus tridecemlineatus), intravitreal injections of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) or wheat germ-agglutinated hrp (wga-hrp) tracers produced a striped pattern of labeling in the contralateral superficial gray (sgs) of the superior colliculus in most, but not all, cases. the stripes extended dorsoventrally throughout the sgs in a rostral-medial to caudal-lateral orientation. in general, the striped labeling was more distinct and was observed more frequently with ... | 1989 | 2472855 |
| amacrine cells in the retina of a cyprinid fish: functional characterization and intracellular labelling with horseradish peroxidase. | forty amacrine cells in retinae of a cyprinid fish, the roach, were intracellularly labelled with horseradish peroxidase following electrophysiological identification as sustained depolarizing, sustained hyperpolarizing or transient units. labelled cells were analysed by light microscopy and compared with a catalogue of amacrine cells established in a previous golgi study on the same species. about 30% of the cell types characterized by the golgi method were encountered in the present study. whe ... | 1989 | 2743398 |
| a new cytochemical method for ultrastructural detection of liposomes in tissues in vivo. | multilamellar vesicles (mlvs) have been used as drug carriers to increase efficacy or decrease toxicity of a variety of therapeutic agents, including antineoplastics, antibiotics, and immunomodulators. although analysis of the disposition of encapsulated materials is relatively simple using radiolabels or single enzymes, determining the cellular and subcellular disposition of intact mlvs, i.e., those that still retain their encapsulated materials, is much less straightforward. we have developed ... | 1989 | 2723402 |
| [monoclonal antibody-based immunoenzyme test system for determining the total immunoglobulin e level of children and adolescents]. | enzyme immunoassay for determination of total immunoglobulin e in children and adolescents based on combination of two monoclonal antibodies with high affinity and specificity to different epitopes of ige molecule has been developed. monoclonal antibodies ige/11-4 are used for sensitization of a solid phase (96-well plate), mcab ige/11-1 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase are used as a developing reagent. the following analytical characteristics of a test-system are established: range of ass ... | 1989 | 2676007 |
| [localization and gustatory responsiveness of cortical taste area in the hamster]. | mapping of evoked potentials on the cortical surface following electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerve, and anodal d.c. stimulation of the tongue indicated that the cortical taste area (cta) was located in the dysgranular insular cortex just dorsal to the rhinal fissure near the middle cerebral artery in the hamster. bilateral lesion of the cta attenuated or disrupted the conditioned taste aversion that had been acquired preoperatively. this fact suggests that ... | 1989 | 2637350 |
| the early development of major projections to the dorsal striatum in the north american opossum. | we have employed immunocytochemical and axonal transport techniques to study the development of major projections to the dorsal striatum of the north american opossum. the opossum is born in a very immature state, 12-13 days after conception, and climbs into an external pouch where it remains attached to a nipple for several months. its immaturity at birth and its protracted postnatal development make the opossum a good model for developmental studies. although tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunore ... | 1989 | 2472908 |
| the electromotor system of the electric eel investigated with horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer. | the electromotor system of the electric eel, electrophorus electricus, was studied by injection of horseradish peroxidase as a retrograde tracer. the electromotor neurons, which innervate the electrocytes, comprise a midline nucleus, largely dorsal to the spinal canal. spinal motoneurons lie ventrolaterally. the electromotor and skeletal motor neuron populations correspond to the acetylcholinesterase-negative and -positive cells previously described. the medullary relay neurons were labeled foll ... | 1989 | 2743117 |
| luminescent immunodetection of western-blotted proteins from coomassie-stained polyacrylamide gel. | immunodetection with horseradish peroxidase-linked antibodies on coomassie-stained nitrocellulose blots can be performed efficiently and rapidly with the peroxidase substrate luminol. the luminescence produced is detected with radioautographic film. this procedure allows a direct identification of immunodetected bands of stained nitrocellulose sheets without using radiolabeled secondary antibodies. because of its convenience and sensitivity, this method could be particularly suitable for purific ... | 1989 | 2757196 |
| a quantitative study of the vestibular commissures in the gerbil. | direct commissural connections between the bilateral vestibular nuclear complexes (vnc) were investigated in the gerbil using ionophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase into individual vestibular nuclei. labelled commissural neurons were counted, the cell counts adjusted by the relative nuclear volume, and the results treated quantitatively. the medial nucleus (mvn) contained the greatest number of commissural neurons. the mvn projected to each of the contralateral vestibular nuclei, but ... | 1989 | 2752282 |
| improved resolution of glycoproteins by chromatography with concanavalin a immobilized on microparticulate silica via temperature-programmed elution. | the ability of the column temperature to control elution in the affinity chromatography of glycoproteins (e.g., ovalbumin and horseradish peroxidase) on silica immobilized concanavalin a has been studied. column temperature programs can be achieved by placing a small hplc column within a commercial mobile phase preheater assembly. it is shown that elution of adsorbed proteins can be initiated by changing the column temperature without altering the chemical composition of the mobile phase. furthe ... | 1989 | 2751108 |
| endocytosis and autophagy in dying neurons: an ultrastructural study in chick embryos. | in an effort to understand naturally occurring neuronal death in the developing isthmo-optic nucleus, we have accentuated one of its most probably causes, failure to receive adequate trophic maintenance from the axonal terminal zone in the retina, and have studied the dying neurons ultrastructurally. retrograde trophic maintenance was blocked by means of intraocularly injected colchicine, which caused all the isthmo-optic neurons to die by just one of the two or more kinds of cell death that the ... | 1989 | 2745747 |
| two distinct visual pathways through the superficial pretectum in a percomorph teleost. | the connections of the superficial pretectum and of nucleus isthmi were examined in a percomorph teleost, lepomis cyanellus. horseradish peroxidase was injected either with a pin into the parvicellular nucleus of the superficial pretectum or pressure injected into nucleus isthmi; the isthmal injections retrogradely labelled the neurons of the magnocellular nucleus of the superficial pretectum. two main visual pathways can be recognized: the first projects from the retina to the parvicellular nuc ... | 1989 | 2745744 |
| morphology and physiology of cells in slice preparations of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of mice. | horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was injected into cells from which intracellular recordings were made in slices of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (dcn) in order to correlate physiology with morphology. in general, the morphology of cells labeled intracellularly with hrp corresponded to those made with golgi impregnations in mice and other mammals. the following cells were labeled: one granule cell, four cartwheel cells, eight fusiform cells, two other cells in the fusiform cell layer, and two tubercul ... | 1989 | 2738197 |
| ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the trochlear nucleus arise from different subdivisions in the vestibular nuclei. | vestibular neurons that project to the trochlear nucleus were studied following unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase. after 48 h, the animals were perfused, transverse sections were cut, and reacted with diaminobenzidine. after injections centered on the trochlear nucleus, one-third of the labeled neurons were located in the ipsilateral superior (s) vestibular nucleus and almost half were in the contralateral medial (m) vestibular nucleus. labeled fibers were restricted to the medial ... | 1989 | 2471119 |
| formation of the receptor system in the hind limb of the locust embryo. | the formation of the peripheral nervous system in the metathoracic limb bud of a locust embryo was studied by antibody [anti-(horseradish peroxidase); (anti-hrp)] labelling. at 50% of embryogenesis, the major neural routes from the periphery to the cns are established. there are two waves of receptor cell genesis, (a) at about 35%, the first precursors of internal receptors emerge from the epidermal cell layer and at about 58% apparently all internal receptors are formed. at this stage, the numb ... | 1989 | 28305782 |
| new growth elicited in adult leech mechanosensory neurones by peripheral axon damage. | 1. new growth in cutaneous mechanosensory neurones elicited by axotomy or axon crush was studied using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase at different times after the lesion, ranging from a few days to over a year. 2. cutting or crushing major, large-calibre axon branches of mechanosensory neurones elicits sprouting of new processes, either centrally within the ganglion neuropile or at the site of the lesion in the peripheral nerve. in contrast, cutting or crushing fine-calibre ax ... | 1989 | 2732665 |
| [electron microscopic study of glycoconjugate in nasal mucosa of nasal allergy by lectin histochemistry]. | glycoconjugates in glandular and goblet cells of nasal mucosa were compared between normal and nasal allergy by using various horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-conjugated lectins; wga, pna, uea-i and rca-i. specific sugar residues of glycoconjugates could be identified under electron microscope. golgi's complex of the serous secretory cells in nasal allergic mucosa had positive staining in uea-i. goblet cells of nasal allergic mucosa were stained strongly in pna, compared to normal mucosa, however, t ... | 1989 | 2614563 |
| the peroxidase/oxidase activity of soybean lipoxygenase--i. triplet excited carbonyls from the reaction with isobutanal and the effect of glutathione. | soybean lipoxygenase shows a secondary peroxidase/oxidase activity: the aerobic reaction with isobutanal, enhanced by hydrogen peroxide as a cosubstrate, yields acetone, exhibits chemiluminescence and consumes oxygen (phi cl = 1.3 x 10(-9) photons/o2 molecule consumed). 9,10-dibromoanthracene-2-sulfonate increases the photoemission (ket tau 0 = 2 x 10(4) m-1; phi cl = 0.9 x 10(-7) photons/o2), whereas it is diminished by sorbate, tryptophan, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, glutathione, and superoxi ... | 1989 | 2502778 |
| substrates for arachidonic acid co-oxidation with peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide. further evidence for radical intermediates. | we tested the ability of a wide variety of organic compounds, including benzene and phenol derivatives, aromatic amines, pyrazoline derivatives and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to act as cosubstrates during the horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxygenation of arachidonic acid. structural requirements for drug activation in our system proved to be an aromatic system and ring substitution by an easily oxidizable group. complementary substituents modified drug activa ... | 1989 | 2539820 |
| spinothalamic projections in the pigeon. | the spinothalamic projection in an avian species, the pigeon, was studied both with anterograde and retrograde means. anterograde transport of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) was used in order to determine the termination of the spinothalamic tract in the thalamus. application to the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord resulted in a dense terminal field in a thalamic nucleus now known as n. dorsointermedius ventralis anterior (diva). less dense labeling was fou ... | 1989 | 2469520 |
| hrp study of cerebellar corticonuclear-nucleocortical topography of the dorsal culminate lobule--lobule v--in a prosimian primate (galago): with comments on nucleocortical cell types. | the distribution of retrogradely labeled cerebellar nucleocortical (nc) cells and anterogradely labeled corticonuclear (cn) fibers was investigated in a prosimian primate (galago) by means of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. iontophoretic and pressure injections were made in the cortex of lobule v and the resultant patterns of label were determined in the cerebellar nuclei. following iontophoretic injections in vermal (zone a), intermediate (zones c1, c3), and lateral (zone d) cortices, retro ... | 1989 | 2468700 |
| kinetics of the reaction of superoxide anion with ferric horseradish peroxidase. | reaction of horseradish peroxidase a2 and c with superoxide anion (o2-) has been studied using pulse radiolysis technique. peroxidase c formed compound i and an oxy form of the enzyme due to reaction of ferric enzyme with hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and o2-, respectively. at low concentrations of o2- (less than 1 mm), o2- reacted with ferric peroxidase c nearly quantitatively and formation of h2o2 was negligible. the rate constant for the reaction was found to be increased below ph 6 and this pheno ... | 1989 | 2539195 |
| deuterium nmr study of structural and dynamic properties of horseradish peroxidase. | high field deuterium nmr spectra have been recorded for various horseradish peroxidase complexes reconstituted with hemins possessing specific 2h labels. the line width of the 2h nmr signals of deuteroheme reconstituted-horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and its cyano complex for the immobilized skeletal 2-2h and 4-2h labels yield the overall protein rotational correlation time (22 ms at 55 degrees c), which is consistent with expectations based on molecular weight. meso-2h4 labels yield broad (1.3 kh ... | 1989 | 2925611 |
| anatomic and physiological correlates in bullfrog vestibular nerve. | 1. the correlations between anatomic and physiological characteristics of primary afferent neurons innervating the anterior semicircular canal in the bullfrog were investigated. these characteristics were examined separately in large groups of neurons, and the direct correlations between them were established in a subset of neurons by means of intraaxonal recording and labeling. 2. anatomic features of the anterior canalicular nerve that were related with fiber diameter were studied. this nerve ... | 1989 | 2786056 |
| incorporation of enhanced chemiluminescent reactions into fully automated enzyme immunoassays. | enhanced chemiluminescent quantitation of horseradish peroxidase labels has been incorporated into assays performed on the es 600 automatic immunoassay analyser. the rapid end-point produced excellent dose-response curves and potential savings in total assay times of up to 40%. | 2006 | 2728919 |
| the effect of quenchers on the chemiluminescence of luminol and lucigenin. | the chemiluminescence of luminol and lucigenin is often used to detect the production of reactive oxygen derivatives by phagocytic cells. also, several quenchers and enzyme inhibitors are used to determine which oxygen derivatives are responsible for the observed effects. in the present work we have assessed the reliability of dimethylthiourea and cysteamine (oh. quenchers), desferrioxamine (iron chelator) and diethyldithiocarbamate (superoxide dismutase inhibitor). they all react with cio- and ... | 2013 | 2728913 |
| a sensitive ccd image system for detection of chemiluminescent reactions. | a new ultra-sensitive light detection system is described for the detection of chemiluminescence reactions. the system consists of a ccd camera equipped with a two-stage image intensifier coupled to an image analysis system with real-time filtering capabilities. the sensitivity was determined with the enhanced chemiluminescence system using horseradish peroxidase as label. additional possibilities for further increase in sensitivity and the potential use in immunoassays and other applications ar ... | 2006 | 2728912 |
| enzymic urea assay: a new colorimetric method based on hydrogen peroxide measurement. | we describe a new enzymic colorimetric method in which urea is measured in serum by use of a single reagent mixture. ammonia produced by urea hydrolysis, catalyzed by urease, reacts with glutamate and atp in the presence of glutamine synthetase. the adp so produced is assayed in reactions catalyzed sequentially by pyruvate kinase and pyruvate oxidase in a system that generates hydrogen peroxide. the hydrogen peroxide is measured at 500 or 550 nm in a reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase, ... | 1989 | 2564817 |
| singlet oxygen production from the peroxidase catalyzed formation of styrene glutathione adducts. | recently, stock et al. (j. biol. chem. 261, 15915-15922 [1986]) described a model enzyme system composed of horseradish peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, phenol, glutathione and styrene. this system forms glutathione-styrene conjugates. glutathione radicals and carbon-centered radicals are intermediates in this process. in the present study, this model enzyme system was also shown to generate singlet oxygen, probably via a russell mechanism. no singlet oxygen was generated in the absence of styrene ... | 1989 | 2930550 |
| effect of acidotropic amines on the accumulation of newly synthesized membrane and luminal proteins in chinese-hamster ovary (cho) cell lysosomes. | lysosomes were isolated by sequential gradient centrifugation [madden, wirt & storrie (1987) arch. biochem. biophys. 257, 27-38] from control or acidotropic-amine-treated chinese-hamster ovary (cho) cells. by marker-enzyme analysis, the preparation from chloroquine or nh4cl-treated cells was about 25-fold enriched for lysosomes compared with the postnuclear supernatant and contained little or no marker activities for the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria ... | 1989 | 2730569 |
| the peroxidase-dependent activation of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) to reactive intermediates. formation of bht-quinone methide via a chemical-chemical interaction. | the food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) and butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) are shown to be metabolized to covalent binding intermediates and various other metabolites by prostaglandin h synthase and horseradish peroxidase. bha was extensively metabolized by horseradish peroxidase (80% conversion of parent bha into metabolites) resulting in the formation of three dimeric products. only two of these dimers were observed in prostaglandin h synthase-catalyzed reactions. in contrast to b ... | 1989 | 2492993 |
| physiological and ultrastructural characterization of a central synaptic connection between identified motor neurons in the locust. | an excitatory connection between an extensor and several flexor tibiae motor neurons that innervate antagonistic muscles in the hind leg of a locust has been characterized using physiological and ultrastructural methods. simultaneous intracellular recordings from the single fast extensor (feti) motor neuron and up to three flexor motor neurons show that a spike in feti is followed by a short latency depolarizing synaptic potential in the flexors that is powerful enough to evoke a burst of flexor ... | 1989 | 12106160 |
| origins of the descending spinal projections in petromyzontid and myxinoid agnathans. | the origins of the descending spinal pathways in sea lampreys (petromyzon marinus), silver lampreys (ichthyomyzon unicuspis), and pacific hagfish (eptatretus stouti) were identified by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) placed in the rostral spinal cord. in lampreys, the majority of hrp-labeled cells were located along the length of the brainstem reticular formation in the inferior, middle, and superior reticular nuclei of the medulla, mesencephalic tegmentum, and nucleus o ... | 1989 | 2925902 |
| changes in lysosome shape and distribution correlated with changes in cytoplasmic ph. | lysosomes labeled by uptake of extracellular horseradish peroxidase display remarkable changes in shape and cellular distribution when cytoplasmic ph is experimentally altered. normally, lysosomes in macrophages and fibroblasts cluster around the cell center. however, when the cytoplasmic ph is lowered to approximately ph 6.5 by applying acetate or by various other means, lysosomes promptly move outward and accumulate in tight clusters at the very edge of the cell, particularly in regions that a ... | 1989 | 2921284 |
| [light-optic, electron microscopic and electrophysiological study of centrifugal fibers of the retina in the lamprey lampetra fluviatilis]. | light and electronmicroscopic studies have been made on retinal structures in the lamprey labeled by horseradish peroxidase injected into the peripheral end of the cut optic nerve or to the midbrain tectum. on total retinal preparations, labeled axons were revealed together with dendrites and ganglionic cell bodies, as well as branching (presumably retinopetal) fibers, fine endings of which come closely to the labeled dendrites of the ganglionic cells. electron microscopic data indicate that the ... | 2006 | 2750366 |
| brainstem location of serotonin neurons projecting to the caudal neurosecretory complex. | serotonergic fibers in the caudal neurosecretory complex (cnc) of poeciliids originate from neurons within, and extrinsic to this spinal cord nucleus. in the present study, retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence techniques were combined to localize extrinsic serotonergic projection neurons. the entire spinal cord and brain were sectioned after fast blue (fb) or horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was implanted in the cnc. no hrp or fb filled neurons were found in the spinal cord. retrogradely filled ... | 1989 | 2713721 |
| non-isotopic dna probes for the identification of subgingival microorganisms. | the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the potential of non-isotopic dna probes to identify pure cultures in predominant cultivable microbiota studies. non-isotopic dna probes to 7 subgingival species were prepared by 2 methods. in the first, biotin-labelled probes were prepared by nick translation. in the second, single-stranded dna was covalently linked to horseradish peroxidase via polyethyleneimine. the relative sensitivities and specificities of these probes were tested aga ... | 1989 | 2628867 |
| formation of coated vesicles from coated pits in broken a431 cells. | biochemical and morphological techniques were used to demonstrate the early steps in the endocytosis of transferrin in broken a431 cells. after binding 125i-transferrin, the cells were broken by scraping and then warmed. 125i-transferrin became inaccessible to exogenous anti-transferrin antibody providing a measure of the internalization process. parallel morphological experiments using transferrin coupled to horseradish peroxidase confirmed internalization in broken cells. the process was chara ... | 1989 | 2564003 |
| enzymatic oxidative activation of 5-iminodaunorubicin. spectrophotometric and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. | horseradish peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of the antitumor agent 5-iminodaunorubicin by hydrogen peroxide was studied with both spectrophotometric and electron paramagnetic resonance methods. kinetics of oxidation of the drug at ph 3, 6 and 8 were determined. rapid formation of a nitrogen-centered free radical metabolite was demonstrated with electron paramagnetic resonance employing the 15n-labeled drug and by deuterium exchange techniques. this enzymatic oxidative activation of 5-iminodaunoru ... | 1989 | 2539159 |
| free radical intermediates during peroxidase oxidation of 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, and related phenol compounds. | 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (bha) and 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (bht) are widely used antioxidant food additives that are generally recognized as safe by the food and drug administration. previously reported studies have suggested that the ip ld50 of bha may be as much as 2 orders of magnitude lower than its oral ld50. metabolic activation of bha to reactive intermediates possibly may be responsible for this result and may be related to other reported toxic effects. bht has been reported to ca ... | 1989 | 2537599 |
| generation of hydrogen peroxide in cultured porcine thyroid cells: synergistic regulation by cytoplasmic free calcium and protein kinase c. | this study set out to elucidate the mechanism by which h2o2 generation is regulated in cultured porcine thyroid cells. we monitored continuously the effects of the calcium ionophore a23187 and the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) on h2o2 generation, using homovanillic acid and horseradish peroxidase. a23187 and tpa stimulated h2o2 generation. a23187 increased cytoplasmic free calcium and tpa activated protein kinase c. generation of h2o2 is therefore regulated by cytoplas ... | 1989 | 2494288 |
| potassium depletion and hypertonic medium reduce "non-coated" and clathrin-coated pit formation, as well as endocytosis through these two gates. | intracellular potassium depletion inhibits receptor-mediated endocytotic processes occurring through clathrin-coated pits. besides the clathrin-coated pit route, flask-shaped invaginations that do not bear a typical clathrin coat have been recently implicated in receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholera toxin. these invaginations are called "non-coated" to distinguish them from the typical clathrin-coated pits. in the present study, we have investigated whether "non-coated" invaginations are sens ... | 1989 | 2466853 |
| pretectal and tectal projections to the homologue of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the pigeon: an anterograde and retrograde tracing study with cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. | the possibility of a projection from the pretectal nucleus, lentiformis mesencephali (lm), to the principal optic nuclei (opt) of the dorsolateral thalamus was investigated using cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (ct-hrp). injections of ct-hrp into lm produced massive anterograde labeling of the pars lateralis of the nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami (dll), and sparse labeling of the pars magnocellularis (dlamc). injections of ct-hrp into opt in turn produced massive retro ... | 1989 | 2924142 |
| [immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical stain methods for simultaneous cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of mitotic cells]. | cytogenetic analysis and immunological phenotyping are well established methods for characterizing leukaemic cell populations. the simultaneous evaluation of cell phenotype and karyotype has, however, been established only recently. we present immunocytochemical methods utilizing horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase staining procedures, as well as modified immunoflurescence methods with fluorescein- and rhodamine-conjugated antibodies. chromosomes ... | 1989 | 2466375 |
| central projections of the pineal complex in the silver lamprey ichthyomyzon unicuspis. | the central projections of the pineal complex of the silver lamprey ichthyomyzon unicuspis were studied by injection of horseradish peroxidase. the pineal tract courses caudally along the left side of the habenular commissure, and a few fibers penetrate the brain through the caudalmost portion of this commissure. most of the fibers, however, continue caudally and enter the brain through the posterior commissure. the pineal tract projects bilaterally to the subcommissural organ, the superficial a ... | 1989 | 2924332 |
| regeneration of the eighth cranial nerve. iii. central projections of the primary afferent fibers from individual vestibular receptors in the bullfrog. | the projection site in the central nervous system of individual end-organ branches of regenerated vestibular nerves was documented in bullfrogs. the eighth cranial nerve was surgically sectioned in 12 bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana) and allowed to regenerate. horseradish peroxidase was used to label the primary vestibular afferent fibers from the whole nerve (one frog) and the whole anterior branch (two frogs), and the individual receptor end-organ branches to the anterior semicircular canal (three ... | 1989 | 2783616 |
| ultrastructural cytochemistry of aortic microfibrils in the arctic lamprey, lampetra japonica. | in the ventral aorta of lamprey, microfibrils are major components of the extracellular matrix. with special reference to these microfibrils, we have cytochemically examined the lamprey ventral aorta, utilizing the tannic acid (ph 7.0)-uranyl acetate (ta-ua) method, elastase en bloc digestion, thiéry's periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (pa-tch-sp) method, and ferritin- or horseradish peroxidase-labeled concanavalin a (con a) methods. the lamprey microfibrils were strongly staine ... | 1989 | 2540677 |
| efferents to the labyrinth of the river lamprey (lampetra fluviatilis) as revealed with retrograde tracing techniques. | the cells of origin of centrifugal fibres to the labyrinth were examined in a jawless vertebrate, the lamprey, with several retrograde tracers (horseradish peroxidase (hrp), fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) and rhodamine coupled dextran-amines (fda and rda), and cobalt-lysine) that had been applied to the eighth nerve. with all 3 techniques, up to 20 cells were consistently labelled ipsilaterally, adjacent to the mauthner cell; none were labelled on the contralateral side. the axons of the effe ... | 1989 | 2717052 |
| innervation of the pituitary gland by supraependymal neurons. | retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was used to identify supraependymal neurons projecting to the pituitary gland in the hamster. supraependymal neurons overlying the median eminence were labeled by hrp injections into the neural and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland; no neurons were labeled following hrp injections confined to the anterior lobe. supraependymal neurons innervating the pituitary gland may provide a means whereby cerebrospinal fluid-borne substances modula ... | 1989 | 2466530 |
| connections of the olfactory bulb and nucleus olfactorius anterior in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus): fluorescent tracers and hrp study. | the projections of the main olfactory bulbs (mobs) and the dorsal part of the anterior olfactory nucleus (noa) in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) have been studied by fluorescent tracers and the horseradish peroxidase method (hrp), respectively, to reveal the pattern of labeling from these structures. after different dye injections in both mobs, labeled cells were present in the following structures: tenia tecta, vertical limb of the diagonal band of broca, and medial septal nucleus in the ip ... | 1989 | 2918089 |
| regional specialisation for synaptic input and output on a locust intersegmental interneurone with multiple spike-initiating zones. | a4i1 is a long intersegmental interneurone whose soma lies in the fourth abdominal ganglion and whose axon ascends through, and branches in, the thoracic and suboesophageal ganglia and the brain. it receives sensory input in the prothoracic ganglion from wind-sensitive hairs on the head and prosternum and in the fourth abdominal ganglion from cercal afferents (pflüger: j. comp. neurol. 222:343-357, '84). spikes can be initiated from both of these ganglia. in the present study the neurone was sta ... | 1989 | 2918085 |
| axonal connections of a forebrain nucleus involved with vocal learning in zebra finches. | connections of a telencephalic vocal-control nucleus, the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (lman), were studied in adult male zebra finches. anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (alone or conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin) revealed that neurons in lman project to another forebrain song-control nucleus, the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (ra). ra is known to project onto the hypoglossal motor neurons that innervate the vocal organ. retrograde transport o ... | 1989 | 2464011 |
| somatomotor connectivity in the midbrain of rana pipiens. | the mesencephalic oculomotor nuclei of rana pipiens and their surrounding cell groups were investigated using the anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and golgi techniques. the cell groups surrounding the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei were divided into the nucleus interstitialis (nint) groups a, b, and c, the basal optic nucleus, and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti. afferents to the ventral mesencephalon originate from the retina and from vestibular, cerebellar, visu ... | 1989 | 2819414 |
| retinohypothalamic projections and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in birds. | although many investigators have examined retinal projections in birds, there is uncertainty as to the location and identity of a retinorecipient nucleus in the hypothalamus of aves. a direct retinohypothalamic projection to the medial hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in mammals is believed to play a role in the entrainment of circadian rhythms. a direct retinohypothalamic projection could subserve a similar function in birds. in the present experiment, horseradish peroxidase, injected intra ... | 1989 | 2819412 |
| peripheral distribution and central projections of the lateral-line nerves in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the lateral-line system of the goldfish, carassius auratus, is described from the receptor distribution on the body surface to the termination of the primary afferents within the octavolateralis column. goldfish have a continuous lateral-line canal system which consists of supraorbital, infraorbital, operculomandibular and supratemporal commissural canals on the head and a trunk canal extending the length of the trunk. there is a single neuromast between each 2 canal pores. the total number of c ... | 1989 | 2819411 |
| a hierarchy of determining factors controls motoneuron innervation. experimental studies on the development of the plantaris muscle (pl) in avian chimeras. | quail leg buds were grafted in place of chick leg buds or chick wing buds and vice versa at stages 18 to 21 after colonization by muscle precursor cells had been completed. motor endplate pattern in the plantaris muscle of the grafts was analyzed before hatching by means of esterase and acetylcholinesterase staining techniques. muscle fibre types were made visual using the myosin atpase reaction. investigations are based on the species-specific endplate pattern of the plantaris muscle: multiply ... | 1989 | 2802182 |
| somatosensory areas in the telencephalon of the pigeon. ii. spinal pathways and afferent connections. | there are two somatosensory areas in the telencephalon of the pigeon which receive an input from the spinal somatosensory system: one in the rostral wulst which consists of the three hyperstriatal layers (h. accessorium (ha), h. intercalatus superior (his) and h. dorsale (hd] and one in the caudal telencephalon (neostriatum caudale (nc), neostriatum intermedium (ni) and hyperstriatum ventrale (hv]. recordings of evoked single unit or multi unit activity and of field potentials before and after l ... | 1989 | 2792249 |
| the organization of descending tectofugal pathways underlying orienting in the frog, rana pipiens. ii. evidence for the involvement of a tecto-tegmento-spinal pathway. | in the frog, identical orienting deficits, involving a failure to turn toward stimuli in the ipsilateral hemifield, can be produced by small white matter lesions either in the caudal mesencephalon (kostyk and grobstein, 1987a) or in the caudal medulla (masino and grobstein, 1989). these findings suggest that descending turn signals may run uninterrupted from the midbrain to the spinal cord, and that something other than tectospinal axons may carry such signals. we here report studies to determin ... | 1989 | 2785926 |
| retinofugal projections in the rufous horseshoe bat, rhinolophus rouxi. | the retinal projections in the horseshoe bat were studied with anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. retinal fibers clearly terminate bilaterally in the lateral geniculate nuclei, superior colliculus, pretectal area, and nucleus of the optic tract. the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the lateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract receive extremely weak, through bilateral retinal input. no projections to medial and dorsal accessory optic nucle ... | 1989 | 2782616 |
| the orientation of horizontal cell dendrites in the superior colliculus of the hamster: an analysis based on three-dimensional reconstruction of intracellularly injected neurons. | we have employed intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and 3-dimensional, computer-assisted reconstruction to delineate the organization of the dendrites of horizontal cells in the superficial laminae (the stratum griseum superficiale-sgs, and stratum opticum-so) of the hamster's superior colliculus. fifteen well-filled cells were analyzed. the dendrites of these cells were generally parallel to the frontal plane. an average of 74.8 +/- 13.0% of the total dendritic arbor of the ... | 1989 | 2753105 |
| structure-potential dependence of adsorbed enzymes and amino acids revealed by the surface enhanced raman effect. | surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) of some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, horseradish peroxidase and lactoperoxidase) and some amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) on silver electrodes has been studied. the spectral band intensities of certain amino acids and amino acid residues were determined by their orientation on the surface and depended on the electrode potential (e). | 1989 | 2752991 |
| central projections of the lateral line nerves of chelon labrosus (teleosts, order perciformes). | the central projections of the anterior and posterior lateral line nerves were studied in the advanced teleost chelon labrosus using silver staining techniques and anterograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. the anterior lateral line nerve consists of two separated roots, dorsal and ventral. both roots form descending and ascending tracts ending ipsilaterally in the octavolateral area and the granular eminence of the cerebellum. the posterior lateral line nerve enters the medulla obl ... | 1989 | 2745970 |
| [corticosteroids and cerebral vessel permeability during embryonic development]. | the effects of cortisol on the development of the blood-brain barrier (b.b.b.) were microscopically investigated in the chick embryo optic tectum using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) as marker of vascular permeability. hrp was injected intracardially at the 15th and 21st incubation day (i.d.), i.e. 5 and 11 days after the last administration of the drug (10 micrograms/50 microliters saline solution at the 8th and 10th i.d.). this treatment caused damage to the maturation process of the b.b.b. to h ... | 2013 | 2739535 |
| cells of origin of spinothalamic, spinotectal, spinoreticular and spinocerebellar pathways in the pigeon as studied by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. | the cells of origin of spinal neurons projecting to the thalamus, the midbrain, the reticular formation, and the cerebellum in the pigeon were studied with the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp). only few spinal cells project up to the thalamus and to the tectum and their location is at the base of the dorsal horn (lamina v) and in the intermediate or ventral spinal grey matter (most contralateral). however, many cells in the dorsal column nuclei (including external c ... | 1989 | 2723410 |
| reptilian somatosensory midbrain: identification based on input from the spinal cord and dorsal column nucleus. | a midbrain somatosensory area was identified in reptiles caiman crocodilus, by orthograde degeneration techniques after midcervical spinal cord transections or after dorsal column lesions. terminations of these somesthetic inputs were located in a caudal lateral part of the central nucleus of the torus semicircularis and contiguous dorsal mesencephalon. dorsal column projections were contralateral while spinal connections were mainly ipsilateral. in order to confirm the results of the anterograd ... | 1989 | 2720366 |
| peripheral nerve regeneration through optic nerve grafts. | grafts of optic nerve were placed end-to-end with the proximal stumps of severed common peroneal nerves in inbred mice. it was found that fraying the proximal end of adult optic nerve grafts to disrupt the glia limitans increased their chances of being penetrated by regenerating peripheral nerve fibres. suturing grafts to the proximal stump also enhanced their penetration by axons. the maximum distance to which the axons grew through the cns tissue remained about 1.5 mm from 2-12 weeks after gra ... | 1989 | 2718747 |
| enhanced chemiluminescence in the peroxidase-luminol-h2o2 system: anomalous reactivity of enhancer phenols with enzyme intermediates. | phenols which markedly enhance chemiluminescence in the horseradish peroxidase catalysed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide show anomalously high reactivity (by factors of approximately 10(2) compared with published hammett correlations) in the reduction of the enzyme intermediates, compound i and compound ii. the results support the hypothesis that efficient production of phenoxy radicals from phenols is a necessary criterion for chemiluminescence enhancer action. | 2013 | 2711890 |
| cysteine and crocin oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase. | the amino acid cysteine is oxidized by horseradish peroxidase, and the water-soluble carotenoid crocin is bleached by cooxidation. the monophenol p-hydroxyacetophenone stimulates oxygen uptake, cysteine oxidation and crocin bleaching, whereas its concentration does not change. superoxide dismutase significantly enhances all these oxidative reactions. addition of h2o2 is not required for these peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations. | 1989 | 2707627 |
| transcytosis of macromolecules through the blood-brain barrier: a cell biological perspective and critical appraisal. | a critical appraisal is presented of nearly two decades of research publications and review articles advocating the bidirectional transcytosis of fluid-phase molecules, most notably native horseradish peroxidase (hrp), through the normal and experimentally modified blood-brain barrier (bbb). extracellular routes circumventing the bbb in normal and pathological states and artifact introduced in histological preparation of cns tissue exposed to blood-borne peroxidase are emphasized. the potential ... | 1989 | 2688350 |