| immunohistochemical localization of blood-retinal barrier breakdown sites associated with post-surgical macular oedema. | post-surgical macular oedema results from blood-retinal barrier breakdown, but it is not accompanied by structural abnormalities in the retinal vessels or retinal pigmented epithelium. previous studies, using horseradish peroxidase in a primate model, suggested that leakage occurs primarily through this epithelium. this study was conducted to localize sites of the barrier breakdown in humans following different types of intra-ocular surgery and to compare them with eyes affected with ocular infl ... | 1994 | 7982791 |
| distribution of synapses on two ascending interneurones carrying frequency-specific information in the auditory system of the cricket: evidence for gabaergic inputs. | two identified cricket auditory interneurones, an1 and an2, were intracellularly labelled with horseradish peroxidase following physiological characterisation. the neurones, which have some structural similarities, have their somata in the prothoracic ganglion and axons that project to the brain. although both carry auditory information, they have different response properties and participate in different types of phonotactic behaviour. ultrathin sections from selected regions of their prothorac ... | 1994 | 7962696 |
| a hydrogen peroxide assay based on the peroxidase-oxidase reaction. numerical simulation of the reaction mechanism. | in order to explain an assay method for h2o2, based on the horseradish peroxidase/nadh/h2o2 system, we performed a numerical simulation of this complex reaction mechanism. for this purpose, we applied a simplified version of a model designed by yokota and yamazaki to our experimental conditions [yokota, k. & yamazaki, i. (1977) biochemistry 16, 1913-1918]. this modification leads to a kinetic behaviour of the system very similar to our experimental results when the presence of superoxide dismuta ... | 1994 | 8055918 |
| afferent and efferent connections of the habenula in the larval sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus l.): an experimental study. | the habenula is an integrative center between the striatum and the limbic and motor systems. with the aim of achieving further understanding of the evolution of this structure in vertebrates, we carried out an experimental study of the afferent and efferent connections of the habenula of larval sea lamprey. experimental procedures included in vivo and in vitro transport after injections of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) into the habenula, telencephalon, pineal organ, dorsal thalamus, and posterior ... | 1994 | 8089275 |
| adh-induced recycling of fluid-phase marker from endosomes to the mucosal surface in toad bladder. | in the toad urinary bladder, the reversal of antidiuretic hormone (adh) stimulation results in the endocytosis of apical membrane water channels, along with any fluid-phase marker present in the mucosal bathing solution. we have loaded vesicles with horseradish peroxidase (hrp), then restimulated the bladders and measured the reappearance of endocytosed hrp in the mucosal bath. hrp-loaded bladders that were restimulated showed hrp release that peaked sharply within 15 min after restimulation. va ... | 1994 | 8048490 |
| characterization of peroxidases in luminol chemiluminescence coupled with copper-catalysed oxidation of cysteamine. | hydrogen peroxide formed during the course of the copper(ii)-catalysed oxidation of cysteamine with oxygen was continuously determined by a peroxidase (pod)-catalysed luminol chemiluminescence (cl) method. horseradish peroxidase (hrp), lactoperoxidase (lpo) and arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (arp) were used as a cl catalyst. the respective pods gave specific cl intensity-time profiles. hrp caused a cl delay, and arp gave a time-response curve which followed the production rate of h2o2. lpo gave ... | 2013 | 7985529 |
| the enhancement of iron-dependent luminol peroxidation by 2,2'-dipyridyl and nitrilotriacetate. | the generation of radicals from luminol and h2o2, in the presence of iron and iron chelates was monitored by measuring the chemiluminescence produced by further oxidation of these radicals. 2,2'-dipyridyl enhanced the production of chemiluminescence in the presence of feso4, ferritin and haemosiderin but not fecl3 or horseradish peroxidase. nitrilotriacetic acid (nta) enhanced chemiluminescence in the presence of both feso4 and fecl3 but not ferritin or haemosiderin. the enhancement of chemilumi ... | 2013 | 7985525 |
| [a new view of estradiol biotransformation in the body. estradiol metabolism in the erythrocytes via the peroxidase reaction]. | the study has established that in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, estradiol was subject to oxidative destruction under the action of hydrogen peroxide via the peroxidase reaction. the stoichiometric ratio of the hydrogen peroxide consumption to estradiol oxidation is 1:1 in this peroxidase reaction. estradiol peroxidation was found to be catalyzed by methemoglobin by the same order as in case of horseradish peroxidase. based on these results and the fact that estradiol is bound to erythr ... | 2014 | 7950785 |
| catalase activity of chloroperoxidase and its interaction with peroxidase activity. | the catalatic activity of chloroperoxidase (cpo) was demonstrated to exhibit saturation kinetics under steady-state conditions, which were not observed with catalase under comparable conditions. results were obtained using reaction mixtures of cpo and h2o2 at ph 6.2, rapid spectral scan and single wavelength measurements, and transient- and steady-state reaction conditions. the observed rectangular hyperbolae (measurement of rates of disappearance of h2o2 and appearance of o2) could be fit quant ... | 2013 | 7893472 |
| regulation of retinal ganglion cell axon arbor size by target availability: mechanisms of compression and expansion of the retinotectal projection. | the ability of pre- and postsynaptic populations to achieve the proper convergence ratios during development is especially critical in topographically mapped systems such as the retinotectal system. the ratio of retinal ganglion cells to their target cells in the optic tectum can be altered experimentally either by early partial tectal ablation, which results in an orderly compression of near-normal numbers of retinal projections into a smaller tectal area, or by early monocular enucleation, whi ... | 1994 | 7929893 |
| structure of reticulospinal axon growth cones and their cellular environment during regeneration in the lamprey spinal cord. | the large larval sea lamprey is a primitive vertebrate that recovers coordinated swimming following complete spinal transection. an ultrastructural study was performed in order to determine whether morphologic features of regenerating axons and their cellular environment would provide clues to their successful regeneration compared to their mammalian counterparts. three larval sea lampreys were studied at 3, 4 and 11 weeks following complete spinal transection and compared with an untransected c ... | 1994 | 7929892 |
| enzymatic oxidation of phenothiazines by lipoxygenase/h2o2 system. | lipoxygenase (lox) (ec 1.13.11.12) oxidized a wide range of phenothiazine (pt) tranquillizers to their corresponding radical cations in the presence of h2o2 by means of an enzymatic chemical second-order mechanism with substrate regeneration similar to that of horseradish peroxidase. the optimum ph of lox for this hydroperoxidase activity was in the acid range (ph 3.0-4.0), as has been shown for other pt oxidizing systems, such as peroxidase/h2o2 and haemoglobin. lox showed michaelis constants f ... | 1994 | 8031316 |
| inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by phenol and hydrogen peroxide: a kinetic investigation. | inactivation of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was examined in the presence of hydrogen peroxide alone and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide plus phenol. hrp is inactivated upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) by the combination of two possible pathways, dependent upon hydrogen peroxide concentration. at low h2o2 concentrations (below 1.0 mm in the absence of phenol), inactivation is predominantly reversible, resulting from the formation and accumulation of catalytically inert intermediate ... | 1994 | 8003531 |
| on the use of the quenching of luminol luminescence to evaluate sod activity. | addition of horseradish peroxidase to a luminol solution (ph = 9.4) produces a burst of light followed by a steady luminescence that lasts for several minutes. this steady-state luminescence is readily quenched by sod, with a q1/2 concentration (the additive concentration needed to decrease by one-half the emitted luminescence intensity) of c.a. 4 ng/ml (14 mu/ml). the luminescence intensity decrease can then be employed to evaluate sod activity in sod-containing samples. however, the light inte ... | 1994 | 8070688 |
| chemiexcitation in the peroxidative metabolism of n-methylcarbazole: mechanistic implications. | the peroxidative metabolism of n-methylcarbazole emits light independently of the presence of oxygen. it is likely that two chemiexcited transients are formed by electron transfer to the activated peroxidase, the cation radical by one electron transfer and a cation biradical by two electron transfer consistent with the failure to observe horseradish peroxidase-ii in the steady state of the reaction. in the spectral range investigated (390-700 nm) the observed emission (570-700 nm) is ascribed to ... | 1994 | 8066126 |
| an axosomatic and axodendritic multipolar neuron in the lizard cerebral cortex. | the morphology and synaptic organisation of a type of multipolar neuron of the lizard cerebral cortex were studied by golgi impregnation, intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. it is a gaba-immunoreactive interneuron and most likely parvalbumin-immunoreactive. its conspicuous axonal arbor is characterised by an initial segment arising from the soma or from a juxtasomatic dendritic segment. the initial axon segment ramifies and gives rise ... | 1994 | 7928645 |
| thermostabilized chemical derivatives of horseradish peroxidase. | horseradish peroxidase finds a variety of uses in analysis, immunology, organic synthesis, and biosensors. although moderately stable, its applicability to biosensors and other fields would be greatly enhanced if it could be made yet more stable. appropriate chemical modification can substantially stabilize enzymes. here we describe the use of bis-imidates and of bis-succinimides to modify free amino groups of commercial horseradish peroxidase under mild conditions of ph and temperature. imidate ... | 1994 | 7764889 |
| blood to brain and brain to blood passage of native horseradish peroxidase, wheat germ agglutinin, and albumin: pharmacokinetic and morphological assessments. | native horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (wga) conjugated to hrp are protein probes represented in the blood-brain barrier (bbb) literature for elucidating morphological routes of passage between blood and brain. we report the application of established pharmacokinetic methods, e.g., multiple-time regression analysis and capillary depletion technique, to measure and compare bidirectional rates of passage between blood and brain for radioactive iodine-labeled hrp ( ... | 1994 | 7514652 |
| the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of phenols. mechanism, selectivity, and characterization of enzyme-substrate complexes. | the reactivity of a series of para-substituted phenolic compounds in the peroxidation catalyzed by chloroperoxidase was investigated, and the results were interpreted on the basis of the binding characteristics of the substrates to the active site of the enzyme. marked selectivity effects are observed. these operate through charge, preventing phenolic compounds carrying amino groups on the substituent chain to act as substrates for the enzyme, and through size, excluding potential substrates con ... | 1994 | 8204570 |
| distribution of input synapses from processes exhibiting gaba- or glutamate-like immunoreactivity onto terminals of prosternal filiform afferents in the locust. | the locust prosternum carries a population of long filiform hairs that are very sensitive to air currents. the sensory afferent neurones that innervate the hairs make strong monosynaptic connections with an identified intersegmental interneurone (a4i1) which is known to contact motor neurones that supply muscles controlling wing angle during flight. in order discover how the synapse between the afferents and interneurone a4i1 might be modulated, the afferents were labelled intracellularly by bac ... | 1994 | 7913475 |
| oxidation-reduction properties of compounds i and ii of arthromyces ramosus peroxidase. | at neutral ph, compound i of arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (arp) was stable and was reduced to ferric arp without apparent formation of compound ii upon titration with ascorbate or hydroquinone. in the titration experiments, compound ii was seen as an intermediate only at alkaline ph. however, measuring a difference spectrum in the soret region by a stopped-flow method, we found that compound ii was formed during the catalytic oxidation of ascorbate even at neutral ph. using an epr spectrometer ... | 1994 | 8180190 |
| the lacertidian reticular thalamic nucleus topographically upon the dorsal thalamus: experimental study in gallotia galloti. | the projection pattern of the ventral thalamic reticular nucleus onto the dorsal thalamus was studied in the lizard gallotia galloti using in vitro horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent carbocyanine labelling techniques. localized label deposits at three dorsoventrally spaced sites in the dorsal thalamus elicited retrograde transport into separate, though partly overlapping, medial, dorsolateral and ventrolateral sectors within an extended cytoarchitectonic complex which may be globally identif ... | 1994 | 8027439 |
| induction of horseradish peroxidase isozyme by wounding. | | 1994 | 8010675 |
| gas-sensing internal enzyme fiber optic biosensor for hydrogen peroxide. | feasibility is demonstrated for a novel gas-sensing, internal enzyme biosensing scheme for the selective measurement of hydrogen peroxide. two horseradish peroxidase catalysed reactions are evaluated for the detection of hydrogen peroxide as it crosses a microporous teflon membrane at 37 degrees c. the rate at which hydrogen peroxide crosses the membrane is determined by either a fluorescence or chemiluminescence measurement and this rate is related to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in t ... | 1994 | 18965999 |
| synthesis of dehydrogenation polymers of ferulic acid with high specificity by a purified cell-wall peroxidase from french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | a cationic (pi 8.3) wall-bound peroxidase has been purified to homogeneity from suspension-cultured cells of french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). the enzyme was a glycoprotein and its m(r) was 46,000 as determined by sds/page and h.p.l.c. gel filtration. it was localized biochemically to microsomes and the cell wall, and the latter subcellular distribution was confirmed by immunogold techniques. the native enzyme showed absorption maxima at 403, 500 and 640 nm, with an rz (a405/a280) of 3.3. the ... | 1994 | 8192663 |
| histochemical detection of glycogen and glycoconjugates in the inner ear with modified concanavalin a-horseradish peroxidase procedures. | inner ears from neonatal and adult mongolian gerbils were examined to determine developmental changes in the content of glycogen and glycoconjugates as shown by histochemical application of the jack bean lectin, concanavalin a (con a). sections of fixed paraffin-embedded inner ears were stained using the con a-horseradish peroxidase sequence in conjunction with prior treatments including periodate oxidation with or without subsequent reduction and diastase digestion. in adult inner ear, brief pe ... | 1994 | 8045784 |
| kinetics of oxidation of o-dianisidine by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of antibody complexes of iron(iii) coproporphyrin. | the complex of iron(iii) coproporphyrini (fecpi) with antibody d5e3 was studied as an artificial peroxidase, using o-dianisidine as a substrate. at saturation with respect to antibody, the initial rates of o-dianisidine oxidation are practically the same for free and bound fecpi at a concentration 5 x 10(-9)m, but the catalytic rate constant (kc) for bound fecpi exceed (kc) for free fecpi by two- to three-fold. this difference can be explained by a real enhancement of (kc) at the antibody-active ... | 2013 | 7944346 |
| imaging of chemiluminescent reactions in mesoscale silicon-glass microstructures. | chemiluminescent reactions in mesoscale analytical structures (chips) containing micrometre-sized interconnecting channels and chambers (pl-nl total volume) were imaged. the chips were fabricated by bonding pyrex glass to etched pieces of silicon using a high-temperature diffusive bonding technique. in initial experiments light emission from an enhanced chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase reaction and from a peroxyoxalate reaction contained in straight channels (300 microns wide x 20 mu deep ... | 2013 | 7942117 |
| a 56- to 54-kilodalton non grata signal in immunoblot analysis using the horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence system. | the major advantages of the horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence (hrp-cl) immunodetection method in western blot analysis are its high sensitivity, nonradioactive detection, economy of the primary antibody, and speed of detecting the signal. however, we observed a strong and reproducible signal that was detected regardless of the primary antibody and of the cell type used. this signal, present at 56-54 kilodaltons (kda), is generated in absence of any primary antibody and seems to be an intr ... | 2016 | 7840944 |
| long distance axonal regeneration of identified lamprey reticulospinal neurons. | retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase was used to examine the time course and extent of axonal regeneration of 12 pairs of individually identifiable reticulospinal müller cells and 2 pairs of mauthner cells in larval lamprey that received transections of the rostral spinal cord in the gill region. with increasing recovery times (3-32 weeks post-transection) the descending axons of many of these neurons regenerated to progressively more caudal levels of the spinal cord. these results co ... | 1994 | 7515355 |
| spin state and axial ligand bonding in the hydroxide complexes of metmyoglobin, methemoglobin, and horseradish peroxidase at room and low temperatures. | absorption and resonance raman spectra using soret excitation of alkaline metmyoglobin (metmb), methemoglobin (methb), and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) were obtained at room and low temperature. at 298 k both metmb and methb exhibit two isotope-sensitive bands assigned to high- and low-spin nu(fe-oh) stretching modes, respectively, which are correlated with the spin-state population. the low-spin stretch occurs 60 cm-1 to higher energy than the corresponding high-spin vibration. when the tempera ... | 1994 | 8161513 |
| hindlimb sensory neuron number increases with body size. | as an animal grows, its sensory systems face the task of maintaining sensitivity and discrimination in peripheral fields that are continually enlarging. without the addition of neurons, existing cells would have to innervate a wider skin area, leading to a decrease in the precision with which stimuli are localized. neurons were counted in the three dorsal root ganglia (drgs) that innervate the hindlimb of the bullfrog (rana catesbeiana). profiles of neuronal nuclei containing the single nucleolu ... | 1994 | 8021343 |
| kinetic evaluation of the oxidation of phenothiazine derivatives by methemoglobin and horseradish peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. implications for the reaction mechanisms. | the oxidation of ten 2-substituted 10-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) phenothiazines (phs) by methemoglobin (methb) and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) in the presence of h2o2 was kinetically analysed based on an enzymic-chemical second-order reaction with substrate regeneration: phs are oxidized enzymatically to their radical cations (ph+) which subsequently, in a second order reaction, react further to parent compound and ph-sulfoxide (phso). the enzymic reaction rate can be obtained from the accumulat ... | 1994 | 8155702 |
| peripheral innervation patterns of vestibular nerve afferents in the bullfrog utriculus. | vestibular nerve afferents innervating the bullfrog utriculus differ in their response dynamics and sensitivity to natural stimulation. they also supply hair cells that differ markedly in hair bundle morphology. to examine the peripheral innervation patterns of individual utricular afferents more closely, afferent fibers were labeled by the extracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) into the vestibular nerve after sectioning the vestibular nerve medial to scarpa's ganglion to allow ... | 1994 | 8201035 |
| mechanism of 3-(glutathion-s-yl)-benzidine formation. | the formation of thioether conjugates is an important mechanism for inactivation of carcinogens. 3-(glutathion-s-yl)-benzidine (bz-sg) formation prevents benzidinediimine and peroxidase-mediated benzidine binding to dna. benzidinediimine is the two-electron oxidized product of benzidine thought to be the reactive intermediate involved in peroxidase-mediated binding of benzidine to dna. diimine interacts with benzidine to form a dimeric complex known as the charge-transfer complex. the latter is ... | 1994 | 8171433 |
| new chromogens for alkaline phosphatase histochemistry: salmon and magenta phosphate are useful for single- and double-label immunohistochemistry. | two new substrate chromogens for alkaline phosphatase (alp) detection have been recently synthesized for use in molecular biology research, salmon and magenta phosphate. we show here that these two chromogens have advantageous characteristics for immunocytochemistry as well. their relatively delicate pink- and magenta-colored products do not mask the colors produced by other staining procedures. in addition, the reaction products of these substrates are insoluble in water, ethanol, and xylene, p ... | 1994 | 8126379 |
| newly established cell lines from drosophila larval cns express neural specific characteristics. | from the central nervous system of drosophila melanogaster 3rd instar larvae, eight continuous cell lines have been established (named ml-dmbg1 to 8). using ml-dmbg2, single colony isolation was carried out and six colonial clones were obtained. all reacted to the antibody to horseradish peroxidase, which is a neuronal marker in insects. acetylcholine, a known neurotransmitter in drosophila, was detected in three of the colonial clones by high performance liquid chromatography. therefore, it is ... | 1994 | 8069443 |
| oxidation of spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide in an electron paramagnetic resonance study of the reaction of methemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. | the possibility that methemoglobin (methb) may function as a biological fenton reagent to produce hydroxyl radical from hydrogen peroxide is investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spin-trapping techniques. the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (dmpo) gives a nine-line epr spectrum and no hydroxyl radical or superoxide spin adduct signals for the methb/h2o2 system. from the known hyperfine splitting constants, the spectrum is assigned to 5,5-dimethylpyrrolidone-2(2)-oxyl-( ... | 1994 | 8005534 |
| the organization of midbrain projections to the striatum in the primate: sensorimotor-related striatum versus ventral striatum. | in order to examine the organization of nigrostriatal projections in the primate, the retrograde tracers lucifer yellow conjugated to dextran amines and horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheatgerm agglutinin were injected into different regions of the dorsolateral and ventral striatum. based on the topography of cortical inputs to the striatum, the dorsolateral striatum is associated with the motor system, and the ventral striatum is related to the limbic system. our results indicate that alt ... | 1994 | 7516506 |
| the organization of midbrain projections to the ventral striatum in the primate. | because the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain form a continuum, boundaries between the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta, and retrorubral area are difficult to distinguish in the primate. therefore, dopaminergic neurons have been subdivided into more readily discernible dorsal and ventral tiers. the projections from these dorsal and ventral tier neurons of the ventral mesencephalon to the ventral striatum were labeled by injections of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to ... | 1994 | 7516505 |
| development and organization of the ocular motor nuclei in the larval sea lamprey, petromyzon marinus l.: an hrp study. | retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) after its application into the orbit was used to investigate the development of the different ocular motor nuclei in larvae of the sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus) and to identify their regions of origin. in the smallest larvae studied (10-19 mm in length), the oculomotor and abducens neurons were ipsilateral to the site of hrp application, whilst trochlear neurons were contralateral. these motoneurons did not have dendritic processes. in larv ... | 1994 | 7515082 |
| simultaneous screening of fumonisin b1, aflatoxin b1, and zearalenone by line immunoblot: a computer-assisted multianalyte assay system. | a line immunoblot assay was developed for the simultaneous screening of fumonisin b1 (fb1), aflatoxin b1 (afb1), and zearalenone (zea). monoclonal antibodies for each of these toxins were immobilized as multiple lines on nitrocellulose membrane strips and sectored into hydrophobic compartments to minimize use of reagents. a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted whereby free mycotoxins and horseradish peroxidase-labeled mycotoxins competed for binding to the nitrocellulose-boun ... | 2016 | 8199485 |
| selective formation of oxindole- and formylkynurenine-type products from tryptophan and its peptides treated with a superoxide-generating system in the presence of iron(iii)-edta: a possible involvement with iron-oxygen complex. | the oxygenation of tryptophan and its peptides by the superoxide-generating system hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase in the presence of iron(iii) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) has been investigated. the reaction of a tryptophan derivative, n-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-l-tryptophan, with hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/fe(iii)-edta mainly resulted in the oxygenation of the pyrrole ring of the indole nucleus. 2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-(3-oxindolyl)propionic acid and n-(tert-butoxycarbony ... | 2016 | 8199307 |
| blood barriers of the epididymis and vas deferens act asynchronously with the blood barrier of the testis in the mink (mustela vison). | the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the blood barrier of the epididymis and vas deferens acted synchronously or not with the blood barrier of the testis. the permeability of the blood-epididymis and blood-vas deferens barrier was tested in neonatal kit mink up to puberty and monthly in adult minks throughout the annual seasonal reproductive cycle. attention was focused particularly on time intervals when the blood barrier of the testis has been documented to be permeable, n ... | 1994 | 8186451 |
| [physiological and anatomical characteristics of the vestibular ganglion of the bull frog]. | spatial distributions of the vestibular nerve fibers from end organs to the vestibular ganglion (vg) were studied using physiological and anatomical methods. physiologically, ampullary nerve compound action potentials (ap) were recorded from vg. anatomically, hrp (horseradish peroxidase) was injected into the cut end of the ampullary nerve, and the stained neural elements were counted on serial sections. nerve fibers from the anterior semicircular canal (sc) were distributed in the anterior half ... | 1994 | 8169747 |
| mechanism of inhibition of horseradish peroxidase-catalysed iodide oxidation by edta. | edta inhibits horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalysed iodide oxidation in a concentration and ph-dependent manner. it is more effective at ph 6 than at lower ph values. a plot of log kiapp. values as a function of ph yields a sigmoidal curve from which a pka value of 5.4 can be calculated for an ionizable group on the catalytically active hrp for edta inhibition. among the structural analogues of edta, tetramethylethylenediamine (temed) is 80% as effective as edta, whereas the edta-zn2+ chelate a ... | 1994 | 8135732 |
| resonance raman study of cyanide-ligated horseradish peroxidase. detection of two binding geometries and direct evidence for the "push-pull" effect. | resonance raman spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the structure of cyanide adducts of the basic isoenzymes of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) in the ph range 5.5-12.5. evidence for the binding of cyanide in two forms, characterized by the reversal of ordering of the fe-cn stretching and fe-c-n bending vibrations, is observed. moreover, it is shown that both conformers exhibit an acid-alkaline transition in the ph range employed. in the first conformer, the fe-c-n linkage is essentially ... | 1994 | 8117676 |
| n-hydroxysuccinimide ester functionalized perfluorophenyl azides as novel photoactive heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents. the covalent immobilization of biomolecules to polymer surfaces. | the synthesis of n-hydroxysuccinimide (nhs) functionalized perfluorophenyl azides (pfpas) 2 and 3 is described together with a general method for the covalent modification of polymer surfaces using heterobifunctional, photoactivable cross-linking reagents 1 and 3. the nhs-active ester group becomes covalently attached to the polymer surface via an efficient ch bond insertion reaction of the photogenerated, highly reactive nitrene intermediate derived from the pfpa. the nhs ester is capable of fu ... | 2013 | 8031878 |
| reciprocal connections of the motor neocortical area with the contralateral thalamus in the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) brain. | horseradish peroxidase unilateral injections in various neocortical areas (prefrontal, somatosensory, auditory, visual) of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) brain resulted in labelling of nuclei in the ipsilateral thalamus known from studies in other species and in the hedgehog to project to these areas. however, injections in the motor area resulted in retrograde and anterograde labelling of nuclei in both the ipsilateral and contralateral thalamus. these nuclei included the ventral lateral nu ... | 1994 | 8019674 |
| competitive immunosorbent assays for biotin using bifunctional unilamellar vesicles. | competitive immunosorbent assays for the model antigen biotin were performed using both unilamellar vesicles with covalently attached biotin and horseradish peroxidase (hbvs) and commercially available biotin-labeled horseradish peroxidase (b-hrp) as the enzyme-labeled antigen. the assays were performed using anti-biotin antibody (aba) surface densities ranging from one-tenth to full monolayer coverage. it was found that assays using hbvs strongly depended on the antibody surface density, while ... | 2013 | 7764675 |
| biocytin: a neuronal tracer compatible with rapid decalcification procedures. | the compatibility of neuronal tract-tracing and decalcification procedures was examined in salamander nasal chemosensory systems. biocytin, but not horseradish peroxidase, retained its labeling capacity following rapid decalcification of the cranial bone. the combination of biocytin tract-tracing and decalcification procedures allows the visualization of labeled neurons and/or their projections within bony regions of intact specimens. | 1994 | 7519699 |
| double-staining of horizontal and amacrine cells by intracellular injection with lucifer yellow and biocytin in carp retina. | horizontal and amacrine cells in the isolated carp retina were impaled with micropipette electrode, identified by their characteristic light responses, and injected iontophoretically with markers for morphological study. both lucifer yellow ch and biocytin were injected simultaneously. lucifer yellow was seen by its own fluorescence while biocytin was visualized by binding with texas red-linked or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated avidin. for cone-connected horizontal cells, biocytin-coupled cel ... | 1994 | 7514770 |
| retinohypothalamic projections and immunocytochemical analysis of the suprachiasmatic region of the desert iguana dipsosaurus dorsalis. | two separate and distinct retinal projections to the hypothalamus in the iguanid lizard dipsosaurus dorsalis were described using horseradish peroxidase and cobalt-filling techniques. both of the projections were unilateral and completely crossed; one terminated in the supraoptic nucleus and the other in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. immunocytochemical analysis showed that the supraoptic nucleus contained cell bodies and fibers that cross-react with antibodies raised against arginine vasopressin, ... | 1994 | 7511057 |
| interaction between peroxidase and cyclooxygenase activities in prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. interpretation of reaction kinetics. | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases have two distinct enzymatic activities in the biosynthesis of prostanoids: a peroxidase and a fatty acid oxygenase. hydroperoxides, such as the cyclooxygenase reaction product, prostaglandin g2, act both as substrates for the synthase peroxidase and as obligatory initiators of the cyclooxygenase reaction itself. a mechanistic scheme was devised to describe the interactions between the two activities of the synthase. this mechanism was based on a heme-dependen ... | 1994 | 8119886 |
| the motor neurons innervating the direct flight muscles of drosophila melanogaster are morphologically specialized. | the anatomy of the motor neurons innervating six direct flight muscles in drosophila melanogaster has been investigated by using a horseradish peroxidase backfilling technique. the somata of these motor neurons are arranged in two distinct clusters ipsilateral to the muscle they innervate. one cluster of cell bodies is located in the ventrolateral region between the prothoracic neuromere and the mesothoracic leg-related neuropil and the other is situated dorsally and posteriorly to the mesothora ... | 1994 | 8188860 |
| immunocytochemical demonstration of astrocytes and microglia in the whale brain. | whale brains have attracted the attention of neuroscientists but there are only sparse studies on whale glial cells. here we report on immunolabeling of astrocytes by antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) or protein s-100 beta (both by the streptavidin/biotin technique), and labeling of microglial cells by griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (gsa i-b4, coupled to horseradish peroxidase), in the neocortex of a harbour porpoise phocoena phocoena l. many subpial and perivascular astro ... | 1994 | 8177530 |
| spectral hole burning and selection of conformational substates in chromoproteins. | we investigated spectral holes burnt at 1.5 k into the origins of several tautomeric forms of mesoporphyrin ix-substituted horseradish peroxidase at ph 8 under pressures up to 2 mpa. from the pressure-induced lineshift the compressibility of the apoprotein could be determined. we found that the compressibility changed significantly when measured at different tautomer origins. it was concluded that there must be a correlation between the tautomer configurations of the chromophore and the actual s ... | 1994 | 11607456 |
| ultracytochemical studies of the effects of aluminum on the blood-brain barrier of mice. | we studied the effect of chronic exposure (6 weeks and 6 months) of mice to drinking (tap) water containing 1.76% (0.06 m) aluminum lactate on some cytochemical properties of the blood-brain barrier (bbb). the plasmalemma-bound enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ap) and ca(2+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ca(2+)-atpase) were studied at the ultrastructural level. anionic sites were localized with cationized ferritin in a pre-embedding procedure and with cationic colloidal gold i ... | 1994 | 8288866 |
| hydrodynamics of horseradish peroxidase revealed by global analysis of multiple fluorescence probes. | previous fluorescence studies of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with protoporphyrin ix suggested that the protein behaved hydrodynamically as a prolate ellipsoid of axial ratio 3 to 1. the present study, designed to further investigate the hydrodynamics of this protein, exploits a series of probes, noncovalently bound to the heme binding site of apo-horseradish peroxidase, having different orientations of the excitation and emission transition dipoles with respect to the protein's rotational ... | 1994 | 8161698 |
| vestibulo-oculomotor connections in an elasmobranch fish, the atlantic stingray, dasyatis sabina. | in elasmobranch fishes, including the atlantic stingray, the medial rectus muscle is innervated by the contralateral oculomotor nucleus. this is different from most vertebrates, in which the medial rectus is innervated by the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus. this observation led to the prediction that the excitatory vestibulo-extraocular motoneuron projections connecting each semicircular canal to the appropriate muscle should use a contralateral projection from the vestibular nuclei to the moton ... | 1994 | 8144748 |
| on the protective mechanism of the thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme against the oxidative damage of biomacromolecules. | a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme (tsa), which provides protection against the inactivation of other enzymes by the thiol/fe(iii)/oxygen system, was previously isolated and cloned. we investigated the mechanism by which tsa protects biomolecules from oxidative damage caused by the thiol-containing oxidation system using the spin trapping method with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide (dmpo). thiyl radicals from dithiothreitol (.dtt) were produced by horseradish peroxidase/h2o2 under aerobic and ... | 1994 | 8294408 |
| auditory nerve terminals in the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis: differences between low and high frequencies. | primary auditory nerve fibers were labelled in the barn owl by localized horseradish peroxidase (hrp) injections into the cochlear nucleus angularis. they were followed to their terminal sites in the hearing organ (basilar papilla), confirming that they were auditory, and to the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis. the terminal sites of low-frequency fibers within nucleus magnocellularis always included an area previously described as the lagenar part, i.e., an area receiving primary input which is ... | 1994 | 8132870 |
| synaptic interrelationships between the optic tectum and the ipsilateral nucleus isthmi in rana pipiens. | the nucleus isthmi is reciprocally connected to the ipsilateral optic tectum. ablation of the nucleus isthmi compromises visually guided behavior that is mediated by the tectum. in this paper, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) histochemistry and electron microscopy were used to explore the synaptic interrelationships between the optic tectum and the ipsilateral nucleus isthmi. after localized injections of hrp into the optic tectum, there are retrogradely labeled isthmotectal neurons and orthogradely ... | 1994 | 8132867 |
| 1h- and 15n-nmr study of the binding of thiocyanate to chemically modified horseradish peroxidase and involvement of salt bridge. | the chemical modification of native horseradish peroxidase (hrp) has been carried out by esterification of the heme propionic group. 15n- and 1h-nmr studies on binding of thiocyanate ion to chemically modified hrp have been utilized to demonstrate the existence of salt bridge between the heme propionic acid and distal amino acid group. the catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate by the native hrp, and the chemically modified hrp has also been studied at different ph, and the significance of the salt ... | 1994 | 8305470 |
| competing peroxidase and oxidase reactions in scopoletin-dependent h2o2-initiated oxidation of nadh by horseradish peroxidase. | addition of nadh inhibited the peroxidative loss of scopoletin in presence of horseradish peroxidase and h2o2 and decreased the ratio of scopoletin (consumed):h2o2 (added). concomitantly nadh was oxidized and oxygen was consumed with a stoichiometry of nadh:o2 of 2:1. on step-wise addition of a small concentration of h2o2 a high rate of nadh oxidation was obtained for a progressively decreasing time period followed by termination of the reaction with nadh:h2o2 ratio decreasing from about 40 to 1 ... | 1994 | 8305468 |
| quantitation of epsilon-amino group using amino acids as reference standards by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. a simple spectrophotometric method for the estimation of hapten to carrier protein ratio. | a simple, sensitive and direct spectrophotometric method is presented for the determination of epsilon-amino groups of l-lysine present in carrier proteins, using the free amino acids l-lysine and l-glutamic acid as reference standards, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene 1-sulfonic acid (tnbs) reagent. the amount of epsilon-amino group present in the carrier protein after coupling with hapten is directly quantitated using the standard curve generated by the difference in absorbance observed with l-lysine ... | 1994 | 7905897 |
| dual staining of lymphocyte membrane antigens with colloidal gold and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase. | double immunoenzymatic labelling procedures for the localization of antigens on cells in tissue sections using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and alkaline phosphatase have been described previously, but mainly for detecting antigens on different cells. with this type of staining when two antigens are present on the same cell, an optimal colour combination that shows a high contrast between the basic colour of each enzyme substrate product is difficult to achieve and the interpretation of their mix ... | 1994 | 7508481 |
| antibody block of a neural-tissue-specific glycoconjugate perturbs growth cone guidance of an identified interneuron in the grasshopper. | antibodies against horseradish peroxidase (hrp) recognize a neural-tissue-specific carbohydrate moiety that is expressed on a complex set of developmentally regulated antigens in grasshopper,drosophila and other insects. the functional role of the neural-specific carbohydrate has been investigated by mutant analysis indrosophila where subtle defects in wing sensory axon projections have been reported. here we extend the analysis of this neural-specific carbohydrate to the single cell level by fo ... | 1994 | 28305820 |
| wound-induced expression of horseradish peroxidase. | peroxidases have been implicated in the responses of plants to physiological stress and to pathogens. wound-induced peroxidase of horseradish (armoracia rusticana) was studied. total peroxidase activity was increased by wounding in cell wall fractions extracted from roots, stems and leaves of horseradish. on the other hand, wounding decreased the peroxidase activity in the soluble fraction from roots. the enzyme activities of the basic isozymes were induced by wounding in horseradish leaves base ... | 1994 | 24193641 |
| structural organization of the sensory systems of the snail. | the author's data on the structural organization of the nervous system of the body wall, the gravitational organs (the statocysts, the eyes, and the chemosensory organs), and the head tentacles of the snails helix vulgaris and helix pomatia are correlated in this paper. the localization in the cns and some structural characteristics of the central divisions of the sensory systems are shown. information is presented on the structure of the procerebrum, an associative center participating in the p ... | 2008 | 8208381 |
| an experimental re-evaluation of the primary visual system of the european chameleon, chamaeleo chameleon. | the retinofugal projections of the chameleon were investigated by means of autoradiography, horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent techniques after intraocular injection of tracers. an ipsilateral contingent of visual fibers and projections is absent. the retinal fibers decussate completely in alternating fascicles at the optic chiasma and course to terminate in two hypothalamic nuclei (nucleus suprachiasmaticus and nucleus opticus periventricularis hypothalami posterior), six thalamic nuclei (n ... | 1994 | 8193909 |
| detection of botulinum toxin using an evanescent wave immunosensor. | using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-streptavidin, quartz fibre-immobilized antibody (fiab) and the evanescent wave component of a light beam, detection of botulinum toxin-b (botx) is described. exposure of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane/glutaraldehyde (apts/ga) treated quartz fibres to increasing amounts of anti-botx ab indicated toxin binding to increase in a linear fashion up to approximately 125 ng added ab. quantitation of bound botx and fiab by dot-blot analysis using avidin-horseradish p ... | 1994 | 8166958 |
| improvements to enhanced horseradish peroxidase detection sensitivity. | at very low horseradish peroxidase (hrp) concentrations, the enhanced chemiluminescence reaction is often characterized by a lag time between initiation of the reaction and beginning of light output. in this study, four treatments of luminol solution were examined in an effort to remove the lag time and to improve chemiluminescence light output. addition of ammonium persulphate stimulated light output more than tenfold. ultraviolet irradiation and photoactive dye pretreatment of luminol solution ... | 2013 | 8154299 |
| colorimetric determination of urinary xanthurenic acid using an oxidative coupling reaction with n,n-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine. | a simple enzymatic method for the spectrophotometric determination of xanthurenic acid (xa) in urine is described. the method is based on the formation of a pigment derived from an oxidative coupling reaction with xa and n,n-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (de-ppd) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase. the color of the reaction mixture was developed with a peak absorbance at 750 nm. the recoveries against xa added to urine ranged from 91.0 to 96.5%. with this method, xa can ... | 1994 | 8148803 |
| anatomical identification of a telencephalic somatosensory area in a reptile, caiman crocodilus. | telencephalic projections of a thalamic somatosensory area were investigated in a reptilian species, caiman crocodilus, by means of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) neurohistochemistry. injections of hrp into the medialis complex labeled axons that leave the ventral aspect of this nucleus to enter the dorsal peduncle of the lateral forebrain bundle where they ascend. these fibers course rostrally to enter the central portion of the lateral forebrain bundle. here, axons turn dorsally, pass through, a ... | 1994 | 8143143 |
| preparation of horseradish peroxidase-labeled probes. | | 1994 | 8118520 |
| hybridization of horseradish peroxidase-labeled probes and detection by enhanced chemiluminescence. | | 1994 | 8118501 |
| origin and function of spiral fibers projecting to the goldfish mauthner cell. | two neuron types contact the mauthner cell (m cell) in the axon cap, a specialized region of high electrical resistance surrounding the initial segment of the m cell axon. one type produces a mixed electrical and chemical inhibition of the m cell. the second sends axons into the central core of the axon cap, where they spiral around the initial segment making both conventional synapses and gap junction contacts. the origin and synaptic effects of these spiral fibers have not been studied previou ... | 1994 | 8106663 |
| the establishment of polarity and enhanced transcytosis of transferrin receptors in enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. | the effect of enterocyte-like differentiation on the transferrin receptor (tfr) polarity in filter-grown caco-2 cells was studied. the ratio of apical to basolateral tfrs which was found to be approximately 1:1 on the first day after the cells had reached confluence, changed to 1:40 eight days after reaching confluence. the transepithelial electrical resistance (teer), transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) across the monolayer, and total cellular tfr number remained constant over this period ... | 1994 | 8069597 |
| cytological and immunocytochemical approaches to the study of corneal endothelial wound repair. | the vertebrate corneal endothelium represents a unique model system for investigating many cellular aspects of wound repair within an organized tissue in situ. the tissue exists as a cell monolayer that resides upon its own natural basement membrane that can be prepared as a flat mount to observe the entire cell population. thus, it readily avails itself to many cytological and immunocytochemical methods at both the light microscopic and ultrastructural levels. in addition, the tissue is easily ... | 1994 | 8058965 |
| the pathway controlling the pupillary light reflex in urodeles. | although the photomechanical response of the iris in amphibians has been characterized, the central pathway of reflex control is unknown. we investigated this pathway by electrophysiological and anatomical techniques in urodeles. sustained responding neurons in the pretectum were localized and characterized. three neuron types were found and compared with tonic neurons in mammals. they were driven by the contralateral retina and their dendrites arborized in the pretectal neuropil. the localizati ... | 1994 | 8056064 |
| projection of brain stem neurons to the giant electromotoneurons in the cervical spinal cord of the electric catfish malapterurus electricus. | two giant electromotoneurons located within the cervical spinal cord form the centerpiece of the electromotor system in the electric catfish malapterurus electricus. the cytoarchitectural organization suggests a high degree of input convergence onto the electromotoneurons. in order to obtain insights into the connectivities of the electromotor system, pre-neurons of the electromotoneurons within the brain stem and the spinal cord were labelled by application of fitc-dextran and horseradish perox ... | 1994 | 8044672 |
| musculotopic organization of muscle afferents in the external cuneate nucleus of the gerbil as revealed by transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase. | the projections of muscle afferents from six regions (hand, forearm, arm, thorax, shoulder and neck) to the external cuneate nucleus (ecn) of gerbils were investigated using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp). these were chiefly ipsilateral projections which terminated in six discrete longitudinal columns in the ecn. a medial cell column confined to the caudal ecn received projections from the hand muscles, while the ventromedial and ventrolateral cell columns in the poste ... | 1994 | 8036874 |
| the spinal cord of gymnotus carapo: the electromotoneurons and their projection patterns. | the electric organ of gymnotus carapo lies parallel to the spinal cord and extends from the pectoral girdle to the tip of the tail. the spinal electromotoneurons are distributed in a relatively consistent pattern: there is a peak at 17% of the fish's length and an irregular distribution beyond 25%. horseradish peroxidase injections into the electric organ not exceeding 5% of the fish's length labeled electromotoneuron arrays occupying 20% of the fish's length. injections made in four discrete ro ... | 1994 | 7987665 |
| touch and vibrotactile neurons in a crotaline snake's trigeminal ganglia. | thirty-five touch (m) neurons and 59 vibrotactile (v + m) neurons were recorded intrasomally in the trigeminal ganglion of a crotaline snake (the pit viper, trimeresurus flavoviridis). the m neurons were excited by von frey hair (5-10 mg) mechanical stimulation of the receptive field, and adapted slowly to a sustained stimulus. it was almost impossible to elicit 1:1 entrainment to sinusoidal movement. vibration with touch was an adequate stimulus for the v + m neurons. the range of entrainment t ... | 1994 | 7976011 |
| displaced retinal ganglion cells in the chinese hamster. | the size, number, distribution and dendritic morphology of displaced retinal ganglion cells (dgcs) in normal chinese hamsters were investigated using horseradish peroxidase. the diameters of dgc soma ranged from 4 to 23 microns (mean 11.7 microns). the number of dgcs ranged from 104 to 453 (mean 249) and constituted under 1% of total retinal ganglion cells. dgcs were found in all retinal regions, but more frequently in the lower temporal periphery. two types of dgcs were observed, one with a sma ... | 1994 | 7967204 |
| anatomy and forebrain projections of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in axolotls (ambystoma mexicanum). | we examined the anatomy of the nasal cavity and forebrain in the axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) to determine whether the olfactory and vomeronasal systems are present in this neotenic aquatic salamander. the current study was motivated by two considerations: (a) little is known of the anatomy of the vomeronasal system in aquatic vertebrates, and (b) the presence of both olfactory and vomeronasal systems in larval amphibians has broad implications for the evaluation of these systems in vertebrates ... | 1994 | 7953608 |
| the role of different biomaterials on adhesion of nontransformed buccal epithelial cells. | the specific objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various biomedical polymers on the adhesion rate of buccal epithelial cells (bec) as a model for biocompatibility. the bec in this study were isolated, biotin labeled and seeded by following standard laboratory procedures. a total of 2.5 x 10(5) cells was plated in each microtiter-well pretreated with various concentrations of (0.01, 0.10 and 1% wt/vol) poly-l-valanine (p-val), poly-l-alanine (p-ala), poly-glycine (p-gly), pol ... | 1994 | 7948637 |
| neuroanatomical pathways linking vision and olfaction in mammals. | retinal projections to several telencephalic structures have been demonstrated in a wide range of mammalian species following intraocular injections of tritiated amino acids and cholera toxin subunit-b conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. since these regions are also innervated by olfactory fibers, we investigated the distribution of convergent projections using simultaneous injections of different anterograde tracers in the eye and olfactory bulbs. convergent projections from the retina and fr ... | 1994 | 7938360 |
| horseradish peroxidase: the analyst's friend. | hrp is a calcium-containing, extensively glycosylated, stable haemoprotein possessing four disulphide bridges and weighing 44 kda. it is an oxidoreductase which can use a wide variety of hydrogen donors to reduce hydrogen peroxide. this gives rise to a range of colorimetric, fluorimetric, chemiluminescent and electrochemical assays for hrp activity. hrp is very widely used as an indicator in immunoassays, non-isotopic dna probes, cytochemistry, bi-enzyme systems and biosensors. this is owing to ... | 1994 | 7925315 |
| enhanced chemiluminescent detection of horseradish peroxidase labeled probes. | | 1994 | 7921015 |
| identified retinal axons occupy postsynaptic positions in the optic tectum of bufo marinus. | horseradish peroxidase was applied to the proximal stump of the cut optic nerve, and the anterogradely transported tracer was visualised by the cobalt-intensified diaminobenzidine method. the optic fibre receiving laminae of the optic tectum were systematically searched for those synapses in which the tracer-filled profiles occupied postsynaptic positions. optic terminals were rarely but regularly postsynaptic to unlabelled, small clear vesicle-containing profiles, mostly in lamina a. quantitati ... | 1994 | 7881402 |
| retinoid modulation of biomarkers in oral leukoplakia/dysplasia. | among the tissue, cellular, and molecular changes which take place during the development of squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the upper aerodigestive tract, only a limited number can be used as surrogate endpoint biomarkers (sebs) in cancer chemoprevention trials. molecular sebs will be genes or gene products which can be measured accurately and reliably, are altered in intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia), correlate strongly with the true outcome (invasive cancer), and are modulated by a chemo ... | 1994 | 7823600 |
| determination of l-glutamate using flow injection analysis with immobilized l-glutamate oxidase reactor. | l-glutamate oxidase (god) and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) were covalently coupled on alkylamine pretreated controlled pore glass (cpg) by means of glutaraldehyde. the immobilized enzymes were packed into a teflon tube and used in flow injection analysis (fia) system for l-glutamate determination. a good linearity range was obtained at 0.1-2.0 mm, and the coefficient of variation was 0.7% (n = 8). more than 80 samples were measured within an hour. the stability of the immobilized god reactor was ... | 1994 | 7780026 |
| the leg of drosophila as a model system for the analysis of neuronal diversity. | the neurons innervating insect sense organs vary in number, shape, dendritic morphology, axonal projections and connectivity, providing abundant material for the genetic analysis of neuronal diversity. here we describe the leg of drosophila as a potential model system for this analysis. the leg of drosophila comprises a variety of sense organs arranged in a precise and reproducible pattern. the cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located near the organ they innervate, which greatly facilitate ... | 1994 | 7530546 |
| peroxidase-catalyzed desulfonation of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy and 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzenesulfonic acids. | horseradish peroxidase (hrp), lignin peroxidase (lip), and mn(iii)-malonate (a manganese peroxidase mimic) oxidized 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (i) to 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (iii) and 2,6-dimethyl-1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene (iv). only lip was efficient at oxidizing 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ii); lip oxidized ii to 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (iii) and 2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (v). in these reactions, the h2o2-oxidized peroxidases or mn(iii)-mal ... | 1993 | 8267618 |
| analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions with synthetic n-linked neoglycoconjugate probes. | recently we have describe a simple efficient chemical method of generating an asparagine side-chain linker with beta-stereochemistry at the anomeric position of neutral oligosaccharides. we now report the 1-n-glycyl beta-derivatization of sialylated saccharides. several neoglycoconjugates formed using these n-linked inter-mediates were investigated for their usefulness in probing carbohydrate-protein interactions. first, biotinyl derivatives of two xylose/fucose class plant-type oligosaccharides ... | 1993 | 7506528 |
| descending projections of the songbird nucleus robustus archistriatalis. | the descending, efferent projections of nucleus robustus archistriatalis were investigated in male zebra finches and greenfinches with injections of either biotinylated dextran amine or cholera toxin b-chain conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. the results show that in addition to the well-known projections to the tracheosyringeal motor nucleus and the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex, there are other projections of comparable density to the ipsilateral nucleus ambiguus and nu ... | 1993 | 8308169 |
| nonenzymatic glycosylation of human serum albumin: fluorescence and chemiluminescence behavior. | in the present study the progress of the cross-linking reaction between glyceraldehyde (gca) and human serum albumin (hsa) was followed by monitoring the development of new absorption bands characteristic of the cross-linked product. generation of electronically excited species (ees) during horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalyzed oxidation of glycosylated hsa was followed by measuring direct chemiluminescence. it was found that adducts of hsa with gca in the presence of hrp are capable of forming ... | 1993 | 24234897 |
| regulation of pathways within cultured epithelial cells for the transcytosis of a basal membrane-bound peroxidase-polylysine conjugate. | a conjugate of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) to poly(l-lysine) (pll) was used as a non-specific adsorptive probe to study transcytosis in mdck strain i and caco-2 epithelial cells. as we have shown previously, hrp-pll transcytosis proceeds via an intracellular, non-lysosomal proteolytic compartment in mdck cells; yet, this compartment is utilized for transcytosis only in the basal-to-apical direction (taub, m. e. and shen, w.-c. j. cell. physiol., 150, 283-290, 1992). using size exclusion chromat ... | 1993 | 8126110 |