| evaluation of the effect of four fibers on laxation, gastrointestinal tolerance and serum markers in healthy humans. | average dietary fiber intake in the united states is roughly half of the recommended amount. as new dietary fiber products are introduced to increase fiber intake, it is critical to evaluate the physiological effects of such fibers. | 2010 | 20090313 |
| tapioca starch graft copolymers and dome matrix modules assembling technology. i. effect of module shape on drug release. | this paper studies the riboflavin release from compressed disc modules of dome matrix(r) technology using tapioca starch-ethylmethacrylate (tsema) and tapioca hydroxypropylstarch-ethylmethacrylate (thsema), graft copolymers produced by two different drying methods. the comparison with the release behaviour of similar hpmc modules was performed. two different shape modules have been made, identified as female and male modules, in order to obtain their assemblage by interlocking the disc bases. hp ... | 2010 | 20080180 |
| iris mammillations in two female siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. | iris mammillations are dark brown, smooth, mound- or dome-shaped protuberances that are typically found on the anterior iris surface and are presumed to be congenital in origin. this congenital anomaly is usually unilateral and can be hereditary or sporadic. lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis, tapioca melanoma of the iris, inflammatory iris granulomata and cogan-reese syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. in this case report, the authors present a case of a bilateral iris ... | 2010 | 22802477 |
| cacl2 enhanced somatic embryogenesis in manihot esculenta crantz. | primary cassava somatic embryos were induced on a medium without cacl(2), however, no or only a few secondary somatic embryos were formed from them. with 15 mm cacl(2) in the medium for induction of cassava primary embryos, more secondary somatic embryos were produced from them, and they were much effective in maintaining their embryogenic capacity than the controls of embryos which were induced without cacl(2). | 2009 | 19897906 |
| internal phloem in an interspecific hybrid of cassava, an indicator of breeding value for drought resistance. | we examined the stem anatomy of manihot esculenta crantz and its hybrid with m. oligantha pax. cross-sections were stained with safranin-alcian blue. manihot esculenta and its hybrid were found to have the same vascular structure in bicollateral bundles with internal phloem, which has been associated with drought resistance in other plant groups. if this association is established for cassava, it would facilitate the selection of lines that are more adapted to arid regions. this is the first rep ... | 2009 | 19866433 |
| growth and nutritive value of cassava (manihot esculenta cranz.) are reduced when grown in elevated co. | global food security in a changing climate depends on both the nutritive value of staple crops as well as their yields. here, we examined the direct effect of atmospheric co(2) on cassava (manihot esculenta cranz., manioc), a staple for 750 million people worldwide. cassava is poor in nutrients and contains high levels of cyanogenic glycosides that break down to release toxic hydrogen cyanide when damaged. we grew cassava at three concentrations of co(2) (c(a): 360, 550 and 710 ppm) supplied tog ... | 2009 | 19778371 |
| amarelinha do amapá: a carotenoid-rich cassava cultivar. | eight cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivars, of which four are indigenous to the amazon region, along with an interspecific hybrid, were assessed for their carotenoid content. they were propagated and are maintained in the living manihot collection at the university of brasília. the cultivar "amarelinha do amapá", which was collected from the state of amapá, was found to have a very high content of beta-carotene: 27 mg per 100 mg, which is more than 50-fold higher than in other cassava cu ... | 2009 | 19731202 |
| do sri lankan meals help decrease blood glucose response? | the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (dm) has rapidly increased in asian countries including sri lanka during the past decade. scientific data on postprandial glycaemic influence of common meals is essential when formulating diets. objectives of this study were to analyse glycaemic indices (gi) of five common meals and effects of macronutrients, sources of carbohydrates, and physicochemical properties of starch on observed gi values. | 2009 | 19670545 |
| influence of starch steeping period on dimensionless disintegration values of a paracetamol tablet formulation. | in this study, tapioca starches obtained after different steeping periods, i.e. ts 24, ts 48 and ts 72, were used as disintegrants with corn starch bp as the standard disintegrant in a paracetamol tablet formulation. two dimensionless disintegration quantities, t(n) and t(c) were used in the determination of the influence that steeping period of starch disintegrant would have on the crushing strength friability-disintegration time ratio (csfr/dt). these quantities were used to assess the influen ... | 2013 | 19645332 |
| effect of granule size on the interference colors of starch in polarized light. | a nikitin-berek compensator tilted at 5.5 degrees in a polarizing microscope was used to create a background second-order blue interference color against which starch granules were examined. a grating monochromator showed the first interference minimum of the background was at 590 nm. starch granules have a radial molecular structure. thus, some radii were in line with the axis of the compensator while others were across the compensator axis. where radial birefringence counteracted the backgroun ... | 2009 | 19585308 |
| physicochemical and functional properties of ozone-oxidized starch. | the effects of oxidation by ozone gas on some physicochemical and functional properties of starch (corn, sago, and tapioca) were investigated. starch in dry powder form was exposed to ozone for 10 min at different ozone generation times (ogts). carboxyl and carbonyl contents increased markedly in all starches with increasing ogts. oxidation significantly decreased the swelling power of oxidized sago and tapioca starches but increased that of oxidized corn starch. the solubility of tapioca starch ... | 2009 | 19489606 |
| a comparative evaluation of the macronutrient and micronutrient profiles of soybean-fortified gari and tapioca. | gari and tapioca are storage-cupboard convenience foods obtained from the tubers of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). they are important staples in nigeria and many african countries where malnutrition is a major problem. tapioca is a quick-cooking food made from partly gelatinized starch and gari is a fermented, roasted, granular food made from cassava pulp. | 2009 | 19445264 |
| [ftir research on new kind of tapioca starch/bentonite composite casting binder]. | tapioca starch was used as the main material and self-developed organic-bentonite used as the modifier to make tapioca starch/bentonite composite binder by melting and solution intercalation technologies. the binder was characterized by means of ftir, xrd and mechanical performance test. the results showed that the interlamellar spacing of improved organic bentonite was larger than that of organic bentonite and na-bentonite, and the more the interlayer spacing of bentonite, the more advantageous ... | 2009 | 19445202 |
| tapioca melanoma of the iris. | | 2009 | 19278465 |
| investigation of biosynthetic pathways to hydroxycoumarins during post-harvest physiological deterioration in cassava roots by using stable isotope labelling. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important starch-rich crop, but the storage roots only have a short shelf-life due to post-harvest physiological deterioration (ppd), which includes the over-production and polymerisation of hydroxycoumarins. key aspects of coumarin secondary-metabolite biosynthesis remain unresolved. here we exploit the accumulation of hydroxycoumarins to test alternative pathways for their biosynthesis. using isotopically labelled intermediates (p-coumarate-2-(13)c, caf ... | 2008 | 19035613 |
| chemical force mapping of phosphate and carbon on acid-modified tapioca starch surface. | surface chemical microstructure of hydrochloric acid hydrolyzed tapioca starch producing different amylose:amylopectin (am:ap) ratios were studied with scanning chemical force microscopy (cfm). the chemical force probes were functionalized of two types with -oh (phosphate specific) and -ch3 (carbon specific). lateral force trace-minus-retrace (tmr) images from -oh and -ch3 probes revealed changes in the phosphate domains and the carbon backbone for the varying acid hydrolyzed tapioca starch comp ... | 2009 | 19022283 |
| biosynthesis of scopoletin and scopolin in cassava roots during post-harvest physiological deterioration: the e-z-isomerisation stage. | two to three days after harvesting, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots suffer from post-harvest physiological deterioration (ppd) when secondary metabolites are accumulated. amongst these are hydroxycoumarins (e.g. scopoletin and its glucoside scopolin) which play roles in plant defence and have pharmacological activities. some steps in the biosynthesis of these molecules are still unknown in cassava and in other plants. we exploit the accumulation of these coumarins during ppd to investig ... | 2008 | 19004461 |
| optimisation of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial waste streams in brazil. | the important brazilian agro-industry produces significant amounts of wastewater with high concentrations of biodegradable compounds. a lot can be gained if wastewater treatment would take place using anaerobic reactors instead of the anaerobic lagoons generally used now. apart from preventing methane emissions to the atmosphere this would permit the use of the biogas as a source of energy. to facilitate implementation of this technology also in small and intermediate sized companies a system re ... | 2008 | 19001722 |
| evolution of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) after recent introduction into a south pacific island system: the contribution of sex to the diversification of a clonally propagated crop. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a clonally propagated crop that was introduced into the south pacific archipelago of vanuatu in the 1850s. based on a survey conducted in 10 different villages throughout the archipelago, we present here a study of its diversity. farmers' knowledge about cultivation cycle and sexual reproduction of cassava was recorded during group interviews in each village. using a set of 11 ssr markers, we genotyped the 104 landraces collected and 60 supplementary accessi ... | 2008 | 18956024 |
| biomanagement of sago-sludge using an earthworm, eudrilus eugeniae. | sago, the tapioca starch is manufactured by over 800 small-scale units located in the salem district, tamil nadu, india. during the processing of sago it generates huge quantities of biodegradable solid waste, as crushed tubers. in present study an attempt was made to convert these biodegradable solid sago tubers into value added compost using an exotic earthworm, eudrilus eugeniae. the experiments were carried out in a plastic tray at various concentrations of sago-sludge (50% 75% and 100%) for ... | 2008 | 18831362 |
| phylogenetic patterns in the genus manihot (euphorbiaceae) inferred from analyses of nuclear and chloroplast dna regions. | from a phylogenetic perspective, the genus manihot can be considered as an orphan group of plants, and the scientific knowledge acquired has been mainly related to cassava, one of the most important crops in poor tropical countries. the goal of the majority of evolutionary studies in the genus has been to decipher the domestication process and identify the closest relatives of cassava. few investigations have focused on wild manihot species, and the phylogeny of the genus is still unclear. in th ... | 2008 | 18706508 |
| induction and identification of a small-granule, high-amylose mutant in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | only two mutations have been described in the literature, so far, regarding starch and root quality traits in cassava. this article reports on an induced mutation in this crop, first identified in 2006. botanical seed from five different cassava families were irradiated with gamma rays. seed was germinated, transplanted to the field (m1 plants), and self-pollinated to produce the m2 generation. abnormal types regarding starch granule morphology were identified during the single plant evaluation ... | 2008 | 18656938 |
| diversity of ltr-retrotransposons and enhancer/suppressor mutator-like transposons in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), though a major world crop with enormous potential, is very under studied. little is known about its genome structure and organisation. transposable elements have a key role in the evolution of genome structure, and can be used as important tools in applied genetics. this paper sets out to survey the diversity of members of three major classes of transposable element within the cassava genome and in relation to similar elements in other plants. members of two c ... | 2008 | 18636276 |
| anatomical alterations due to polyploidy in cassava, manihot esculenta crantz. | information on anatomical structure is needed by breeders working on improvement for drought tolerance. for studying the effect of polyploidy on cassava anatomy and its significance to tolerance to drought, we induced a polyploidy type of a selected clone (unb 530) by applying an aqueous solution of 0.2% colchicine on lateral buds for a period of 12 h. the stem identified as tetraploid was propagated to produce the whole plant. free-hand cross-sections of the median portion between stem internod ... | 2008 | 18551393 |
| unexpected outcomes of thai cassava trade: a case of global complexity and local unsustainability. | tracing the thai cassava (manihot esculenta) trade network, between 1960 and 2000, offers a compelling example of global complexity at work. the emergence of thailand's dominance of world export markets caught the world by surprise. the opening up of a european market for cassava was supposed to be met by brazilian and indonesian producers. instead, thailand took over the market by 1975. several factors facilitated this emergence including: entrepreneurial diasporic networks of thai-chinese trad ... | 2008 | 25328444 |
| development of polymorphic markers from expressed sequence tags of manihot esculenta crantz. | in this study, 49 primers were designed from sequences containing di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotide motifs with a minimum of four repeats and presence of motif size polymorphisms (insertion/deletion) from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) expressed sequence tags deposited in public sequence database. each locus was subsequently screened on 29 m. esculenta crantz obtained from 15 different countries. cross-amplification was tested with m. esculenta crantz (ssp. flabellifolia) and four ... | 2008 | 21585870 |
| clinical and etiological profile of tropical ataxic neuropathy in kerala, south india. | very little is known about the occurrence of tropical ataxic neuropathy (tan) from southern india. this study describes the clinical spectrum of tan from kerala, southern india, and explores its etiology. | 2008 | 18437044 |
| fluorescein angiography of iris juvenile xanthogranuloma. | a 3-year-old boy was referred because of the presence of a non-pigmented, highly vascular mass with tapioca appearance involving the superior portion of the left iris. iris fluorescein angiography revealed early hyperfluorescence of the iris tumor with diffuse, intense late leakage of dye throughout the entire iris, not just in the region of the tumor. cytopathologic examination revealed touton giant cells and the presence of histiocytes, confirming the diagnosis of iris juvenile xanthogranuloma ... | 2014 | 18404959 |
| composition and consumer acceptability of a novel extrusion-cooked salmon snack. | the objectives of this study were to develop a value-added jerky-style snack from salmon flesh and to minimize loss of healthful lipids during processing. three formulations were extruded in a laboratory-scale twin-screw extruder. the base formulation included atlantic salmon (82%, w/w), sucrose (4%), pregelatinized starch (3%), modified tapioca starch (3%), salt (2%), and teriyaki flavoring (2%). three oil binding agents (tapioca starch, high-amylose cornstarch, oat fiber) were each studied at ... | 2008 | 18387124 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the cassava (manihot esculenta) chloroplast genome and the evolution of atpf in malpighiales: rna editing and multiple losses of a group ii intron. | the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of cassava (manihot esculenta, euphorbiaceae) has been determined. the genome is 161,453 bp in length and includes a pair of inverted repeats (ir) of 26,954 bp. the genome includes 128 genes; 96 are single copy and 16 are duplicated in the ir. there are four rrna genes and 30 distinct trnas, seven of which are duplicated in the ir. the infa gene is absent; expansion of irb has duplicated 62 amino acids at the 3' end of rps19 and a number of coding ... | 2008 | 18214421 |
| hydroxynitrile lyase catalyzed cyanohydrin synthesis at high ph-values. | the application of unusual high ph-values within enzymatic cyanohydrin synthesis has been investigated. usually enzymatic cyanohydrin synthesis in two-phase systems requires low ph-values within the aqueous phase to suppress the non-enzymatic side reaction. in contrast, we investigated the usage of ph-values above ph 6 by using the highly enantioselective (s)-selective hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. with these unusual reaction conditions also the unfavorable substrate 3-phenoxy-ben ... | 2008 | 18204865 |
| [thyroid diseases in sub-saharan africa]. | thyroid gland diseases vary according to the environment. in sub-saharan africa, they are also influenced by population isolation and the absence of food self-sufficiency, both factors affecting the onset and persistence of iodine-deficiency goiters. more cosmopolitan diseases are now added to these thyroid disorders. women are mainly affected (94.2%), most often with euthyroid goiters (54.7%), followed by graves disease (13.1%), hypothyroidism (8.8%), thyroiditis (6.6%), toxic multinodular goit ... | 2013 | 17897900 |
| quantitative trait loci controlling cyanogenic glucoside and dry matter content in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a starchy root crop grown in the tropics mainly by small-scale farmers even though agro-industrial processing is rapidly increasing. for this processing market improved varieties with high dry matter root content (dmc) is required. potentially toxic cyanogenic glucosides are synthesized in the leaves and translocated to the roots. selection for varieties with low cyanogenic glucoside potential (cnp) and high dmc is among the principal objectives in cassava b ... | 2007 | 17850597 |
| applying behavioral ecology and behavioral economics to conservation and development planning: an example from the mikea forest, madagascar. | governments and non-govermental organizations (ngos) that plan projects to conserve the environment and alleviate poverty often attempt to modify rural livelihoods by halting activities they judge to be destructive or inefficient and encouraging alternatives. project planners typically do so without understanding how rural people themselves judge the value of their activities. when the alternatives planners recommend do not replace the value of banned activities, alternatives are unlikely to be ... | 2007 | 26181059 |
| changes in carbohydrate metabolism by triazole growth regulators in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz); effects on tuber production and quality. | we have evaluated the ability of two triazole growth regulators, viz. triadimefon (tdm) and hexaconazole (hex), in the enhancement of tuber production and quality in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) through their effects on carbohydrate metabolism. one litre of 20 mg(-1) tdm and 15 mg(-1) hex solution per plant were used for the treatments and groundwater was given to control plants. triazole treatments reduced plant height and leaf area, but increased fresh and dry weights. plants treated wit ... | 2007 | 17720581 |
| discovery of an amylose-free starch mutant in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | one of the objectives of the cassava-breeding project at ciat is the identification of clones with special root quality characteristics. a large number of self-pollinations have been made in search of useful recessive traits. during 2006 harvests an s1 plant produced roots that stained brownish-red when treated with an iodine solution, suggesting that it had lower-than-normal levels of amylose in its starch. colorimetric and dsc measurements indicated low levels (3.4%) and an absence of amylose ... | 2007 | 17696358 |
| anaerobic pond treatment of wastewater containing sulphate. | anaerobic ponds are usually used for treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes which contain high organic matter and sulphate. competition for substrate between sulphate reducing bacteria and methane producing archaea, and the inhibitory effects of sulphide produced from microbial sulphate reduction reported in the literature varied considerably. in this research, a laboratory scale column-in-series anaerobic pond reactor, consisting of five cylindrical columns of acrylic tubes, was operat ... | 2007 | 17591216 |
| cytotoxicity of purified cassava linamarin to a selected cancer cell lines. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a known source of linamarin, but difficulties associated with its isolation have prevented it from being exploited as a major source. a batch adsorption process using activated carbon proved successful in its isolation, with ultrafiltration playing a pivotal role in its purification. thirty-two minutes of contact time was required for 60 g of extract, yielding 1.7 g of purified product. picrate paper, infra-red and 'hnmr analysis confirmed the presence and s ... | 2007 | 17566787 |
| systemic inflammation in morbidly obese subjects: response to oral supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid. | morbidly obese patients frequently display asymptomatic chronic activation of acute phase response, with potentially adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. nutritional preparations to improve this phenomenon have rarely been administered. aiming to investigate the supplementation of flaxseed flour, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, a prospective randomized double-blind cross-over study was designed. | 2007 | 17546842 |
| characterization of an 18,166 est dataset for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) enriched for drought-responsive genes. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food for over 600 million people in the tropics and subtropics and is increasingly used as an industrial crop for starch production. cassava has a high growth rate under optimal conditions but also performs well in drought-prone areas and on marginal soils. to increase the tools for understanding and manipulating drought tolerance in cassava, we generated expressed sequence tags (ests) from normalized cdna libraries prepared from dehydration-stresse ... | 2007 | 17541599 |
| effect of different binders on the quality of enrobed buffalo meat cutlets and their shelf life at refrigeration storage (4±1°c). | to enhance the binding and quality of enrobed buffalo meat cutlets (ebmc), a meat emulsion at 0%, 15%, 20% and 25% replaced the cooked meat in the formulation. emulsion containing products had significantly higher moisture contents and texture scores compared to the control. emulsion at 20% level could be incorporated in enrobed buffalo meat cutlets to enhance their quality. addition of 1% egg white powder improved the quality of ebmc compared to control, while a 3% level had adverse effect on t ... | 2007 | 22063801 |
| towards identifying the full set of genes expressed during cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration. | storage roots of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) exhibit a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (ppd) response that can occur within 24-72 h of harvest. ppd is an enzymatically mediated oxidative process with parallels to plant wound, senescence and defence responses. to characterise those genes that show significant change in expression during the ppd response we have used cdna microarray technology to carry out a large-scale analysis of the cassava root transcriptome during the po ... | 2007 | 17318318 |
| in vitro cultured primary roots derived from stem segments of cassava (manihot esculenta) can behave like storage organs. | cassava (manihot esculenta) has three adventitious root types: primary and secondary fibrous roots, and storage roots. different adventitious root types can also regenerate from in vitro cultured segments. the aim of this study was to investigate aspects of in vitro production of storage roots. | 2007 | 17267513 |
| rearing the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, on a tapioca-based artificial diet. | the impact of a tapioca-based artificial diet on the developmental rate, life history parameters, and fertility was examined over five consecutive generations for the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera hubner (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a highly polyphagous pest of many agricultural crops. the study showed that when fed the tapioca-based artificial diet during larval stage, larval and pupal developmental period, percent pupating, pupal weight, emergence rate of male and female, longevity, fecun ... | 2007 | 20302464 |
| over-expression of hydroxynitrile lyase in transgenic cassava roots accelerates cyanogenesis and food detoxification. | cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz) roots are the primary source of calories for more than 500 million people, the majority of whom live in the developing countries of africa. cassava leaves and roots contain potentially toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides. consumption of residual cyanogens (linamarin or acetone cyanohydrin) in incompletely processed cassava roots can cause cyanide poisoning. hydroxynitrile lyase (hnl), which catalyses the conversion of acetone cyanohydrin to cyanide, is expre ... | 2004 | 17166141 |
| the use of rocks to improve family agriculture in brazil. | during the second half of the 20th century, the introduction of new chemical agriculture technologies brought about a revolution in food production, but this has also cause deep deterioration in our relationships with the natural environment. in developing tropical countries, record yields were accompanied by rural exodus, widespread deforestation and loss of topsoil. the stonemeal research described herein is an alternative to such practices as it is an environmental friendly and socially respo ... | 2006 | 17143408 |
| determination of the maximum water solubility of eight native starches and the solubility of their acidic-methanol and -ethanol modified analogues. | the maximum water solubilities of eight native starches from potato, shoti, tapioca, maize, waxy maize, amylomaize-7, wheat, and rice and their acid-methanol and acid-ethanol modified analogues have been determined. maximum solubilities of 18.7 and 17.4 mg/ml were obtained for waxy maize and tapioca and 12.4 mg/ml for potato and maize starches by autoclaving 220 mg/10 ml at 121 degrees c; 8.7 mg/ml was obtained for shoti starch by stirring in 85:15 (v/v) me(2)so-h(2)o at 20 degrees c; and 7.0 an ... | 2007 | 17112491 |
| protein-energy supplements to preserve nutritional status of sugar cane cutters. | sugar cane cutters in south-eastern brazil are temporarily hired for the harvest period of 8 months. they often have minimal benefits and may not receive adequate nutrition. | 2006 | 17043088 |
| development of suspending agent from sodium carboxymethyl mungbean starches. | three sodium carboxymethyl mungbean starches (scmmss) were selected, based on the physicochemical profiles and evaluated as potential pharmaceutical suspending agent in comparison with a sodium carboxymethyl tapioca starch and other five commercial suspending agents. ibuprofen suspension was employed as a model formulation with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% w/v of suspending agents. evaluation parameters included the determination of sedimentation volume ratio, redispersibility, viscosity and rheological p ... | 2006 | 16908418 |
| lipid microencapsulation in starch. | short microwave heating of granular potato, waxy corn and tapioca starches with such lipids as cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), ethyl cis-9-octadecenoate, ethyl cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoate and methyl octadecanoate provided microcapsules in which encapsulated guest molecules did not interact with starch microcapsules. on the formation of microcapsules, the lipid guest molecules did not react to starches. t ... | 2006 | 16801245 |
| bioreduction of aldehydes and ketones using manihot species. | biocatalysis constitutes an important tool in organic synthesis, especially for the preparation of chiral molecules of biological interest. a series of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and two ketones were reduced using plant cell preparations from manihot esculenta and manihot dulcis roots. the reduced products were typically obtained in excellent yields (80-96%), and with excellent enantiomeric excess (94-98%), except for vanillin. esters, a nitrile, and an amide were also examined, but were n ... | 2006 | 16603212 |
| radioecological characterization of a uranium mining site located in a semi-arid region in brazil. | the work presents the radioecological characterization of the new brazilian uranium mining and milling site located in a semi-arid region of the country. the process characterization demonstrated that in heap leach plants most of the 226ra remains in the leached ore. despite the potential higher availability of radium isotopes in the soils of the studied region the lack of precipitation in that area reduces the leaching/mobilization of the radionuclides. high 226ra and 228ra concentrations were ... | 2006 | 16545512 |
| breeding cassava for apomixis. | apomixis genes have been successfully transferred to cassava (manihot esculenta) by hybridizing it with the wild species, m. glaziovii. the interspecific hybrid of cassava and m. glaziovii was exposed to open pollination during three subsequent generations. seven sibs and the maternal progenitor of the fourth generation were genotyped using five microsatellite loci previously developed for cassava. all sibs were identical with each other and with their maternal progenitor. sibs from m. glaziovii ... | 2005 | 16475116 |
| the cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root proteome: protein identification and differential expression. | using high-resolution 2-de, we resolved proteins extracted from fibrous and tuberous root tissues of 3-month-old cassava plants. gel image analysis revealed an average of 1467 electrophoretically resolved spots on the fibrous gels and 1595 spots on the tuberous gels in ph 3-10 range. protein spots from both sets of gels were digested with trypsin. the digests were subjected to nanoelectrospray quadrupole tof tandem mass analysis. currently, we have obtained 299 protein identifications for 292 ge ... | 2006 | 16421938 |
| biosafety considerations for selectable and scorable markers used in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) biotechnology. | cassava is an important subsistence crop grown only in the tropics, and represents a major source of calories for many people in developing countries. improvements in the areas of resistance to insects and viral diseases, enhanced nutritional qualities, reduced cyanogenic content and modified starch characteristics are urgently needed. traditional breeding is hampered by the nature of the crop, which has a high degree of heterozygosity, irregular flowering, and poor seed set. biotechnology has t ... | 2006 | 16402664 |
| botanical and geographical origin identification of industrial ethanol by stable isotope analyses of c, h, and o. | the isotope ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of rectified alcohols were determined to distinguish their botanical and geographical origins by continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (cf-irms). the (13)c/(12)c and (18)o/(16)o ratios of 27 fermented alcohols with known origins showed clusters derived from each botanical origin, viz. corn, sugarcane, wheat, and tapioca. c3 and c4 plants were easily distinguishable by the (13)c/(12)c ratio. sugarcane and corn are both c4 plants, and th ... | 2005 | 16306702 |
| isolation and characterization of an alpha-amylase gene in cassava (manihot esculenta). | the roots of cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) accumulate starch as their major form of carbohydrate reserve. starch accumulation and properties are determined by a balance between starch biosynthesis and degradation processes. alpha-amylases (ec 3.2.1.1) are alpha-1,4 endoglycolytic enzymes, responsible for the mobilization of stored carbohydrate reserves by initiating the degradation process. alpha-amylase genes have been shown to be differentially expressed at various developmental st ... | 2005 | 16297635 |
| hydroxynitrile lyase catalysis in ionic liquid-containing systems. | the cleavage of mandelonitrile catalysed by hydroxynitrile lyases (hnl) from prunus amygdalus (pahnl) and manihot esculenta (mehnl) proceeded more rapidly in monophasic aqueous media containing 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [c4mim][bf4] than in media containing acetonitrile or thf. both hnls were much more thermostable in [c4mim][bf4] than in acetonitrile or thf. the addition of each of the four ionic liquids 1-butyl-, 1-pentyl- and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates ... | 2005 | 16215854 |
| cassava plants with a depleted cyanogenic glucoside content in leaves and tubers. distribution of cyanogenic glucosides, their site of synthesis and transport, and blockage of the biosynthesis by rna interference technology. | transgenic cassava (manihot esculenta crantz, cv mcol22) plants with a 92% reduction in cyanogenic glucoside content in tubers and acyanogenic (<1% of wild type) leaves were obtained by rna interference to block expression of cyp79d1 and cyp79d2, the two paralogous genes encoding the first committed enzymes in linamarin and lotaustralin synthesis. about 180 independent lines with acyanogenic (<1% of wild type) leaves were obtained. only a few of these were depleted with respect to cyanogenic glu ... | 2005 | 16126856 |
| epistasis in the expression of relevant traits in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) for subhumid conditions. | there is limited knowledge on the inheritance of agronomic traits in cassava and the importance of epistasis for most crops. a nine-parent diallel study was conducted in subhumid environments. thirty clones were obtained from each f1 cross. each clone was represented by six plants, which were distributed in three replications at two locations. therefore the same 30 genotypes of each f1 cross were planted in the three replications at the two locations. analysis of variance suggested significant g ... | 2006 | 16014808 |
| development of a controlled release formulation based on a starch matrix system. | controlled release formulation (crf) of the insecticide acetamiprid was made using tapioca starch, urea and sodium borate. the data show the recovery of this crf process is > 95.43%, there is no obvious difference with increase of sodium borate added, however, with the increase of urea in the mixture, the formulation has a decrease recovery. in stability test, the decomposition rate of acetamiprid crf was less one tenth than that of the acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (ec) under uv radiatio ... | 2005 | 15905051 |
| descriptive study of chronic calcific pancreatitis in sri lanka. | to describe the potential risk factors, clinical features, biochemical and radiological features, and management of chronic calcific pancreatitis. | 2005 | 15881556 |
| inversion of stereoselectivity by applying mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | the influence of trp128-substituted mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) on the stereoselectivity of mehnl-catalyzed hcn additions to aldehydes with stereogenic centers, which yield the corresponding cyanohydrins, is described. in rac-2-phenylpropionaldehyde (rac-1) reactions, wild-type (wtmehnl) and all mehnl trp128 mutants are highly (s)-selective toward the (r) enantiomer of rac-1; this results exclusively in (2s,3r)-cyanohydrin ((2s,3r)-2) with > or =96 % de. th ... | 2005 | 15812786 |
| effect of bread containing resistant starch on postprandial blood glucose levels in humans. | we examined the inhibitory effect of a single ingestion of bread containing resistant starch (bread containing about 6 g of resistant starch derived from tapioca per 2 slices) (test food) on the postprandial increase in blood glucose in male and female adults with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 140 mg/dl. bread not containing resistant starch (placebo) was used as the control. the study was conducted in 20 subjects (9 men and 11 women with a mean age of 50.5+/-7.5 years) using the ... | 2005 | 15784985 |
| molecular characterization of a cdna encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from cultured cells of manihot esculenta. | superoxide dismutase (sod) cdna, msod2, encoding cytosolic copper/zinc sod (cuznsod) cdna was isolated from suspension-cultured cells of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by cdna library screening, and its expression was investigated in relation to environmental stress. msod2 is 774 bp in length with an open reading frame (orf) of 152 amino acids, corresponding to a protein of predicted molecular mass 15 kda and a pi of 5.22. one copy of the msod2 gene was found to be present in the cassava gen ... | 2005 | 15763666 |
| evolution under domestication: contrasting functional morphology of seedlings in domesticated cassava and its closest wild relatives. | although cassava (manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) is asexually propagated, farmers incorporate plants from seedlings into planting stocks. these products of sex are exposed to selection, which in agricultural environments should favour rapid growth. to examine whether seedling morphology has evolved under domestication, we compared domesticated cassava, its wild progenitor (m. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia) and their sister species (m. pruinosa) under controlled conditions. field observations c ... | 2005 | 15760372 |
| dart for high-throughput genotyping of cassava (manihot esculenta) and its wild relatives. | understanding the distribution of genetic diversity within and among individuals, populations, species and gene pools is crucial for the efficient management of germplasm collections. molecular markers are playing an increasing role in germplasm characterization, yet their broad application is limited by the availability of markers, the costs and the low throughput of existing technologies. this is particularly true for crops of resource-poor farmers such as cassava, manihot esculenta. here we r ... | 2005 | 15742202 |
| oxidative stress responses during cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration. | a major constraint to the development of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) as a crop to both farmers and processors is its starchy storage roots' rapid post-harvest deterioration, which can render it unpalatable and un-marketable within 24-72 h. an oxidative burst occurs within 15 min of the root being injured, that is followed by the altered regulation of genes, notably for catalase and peroxidase, related to the modulation of reactive oxygen species, and the accumulation of secondary metaboli ... | 2004 | 15669147 |
| using cdna and genomic sequences as tools to develop snp strategies in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) are the most abundant type of dna polymorphism found in animal and plant genomes. they provide an important new source of molecular markers that are useful in genetic mapping, map-based positional cloning, quantitative trait locus mapping and the assessment of genetic distances between individuals. very little is known on the frequency of snps in cassava. we have exploited the recently-developed collection of cassava expressed sequence tags (ests) to detect ... | 2005 | 15650816 |
| effect of temperature on the survival and infectivity of pseudotheraptus devastans vector. | the aim of this study was to investigate under a controlled environment, the effect of temperature on the survival and infectivity of pseudotheraptus devastans distant, a cassava anthracnose disease vector. the insect p. devastans was collected from young cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) field plots, at the international institute of tropical agriculture, (iita), ibadan, nigeria. a mixture of the different developmental stages of eggs, first to fifth instar nymphs, and adults, were incubated i ... | 2004 | 15645178 |
| development and application of transgenic technologies in cassava. | the capacity to integrate transgenes into the tropical root crop cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is now established and being utilized to generate plants expressing traits of agronomic interest. the tissue culture and gene transfer systems currently employed to produce these transgenic cassava have improved significantly over the past 5 years and are assessed and compared in this review. programs are underway to develop cassava with enhanced resistance to viral diseases and insects pests, imp ... | 2004 | 15630627 |
| engineering cyanogen synthesis and turnover in cassava (manihot esculenta). | cassava is the major root crop for a quarter billion subsistence farmers in sub-saharan africa. it is valued for its ability to grow in adverse environments and the food security it provides. cassava contains potentially toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin) which protect the plant from herbivory and theft. the cyanogens, including linamarin and its deglycosylated product, acetone cyanohydrin, can be efficiently removed from the root by various processing procedures. short-cuts in pr ... | 2004 | 15630626 |
| identification and characterization of a novel cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) clone with high free sugar content and novel starch. | this study reports the identification of a new class of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with a storage root showing unusual free sugar accumulation and novel starch. twenty-seven clones high in free sugar were identified under cultivation in primitive rural community areas in the amazon. iodine test and glucose oxidase-peroxidase reagent strips were used, in the field, for identification of starch and glucose, respectively. five out of these 27 clones of cassava were cultivated at embrapa gen ... | 2004 | 15630625 |
| serial analysis of gene expression (sage) of host-plant resistance to the cassava mosaic disease (cmd). | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a viral disease of the important tropical staple crop cassava (manihot esculenta) and preferred management involves use of host-plant resistance. the best available resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to analyze the gene expression pattern in a bulk of 40 each of cmd resistant and susceptible genotypes drawn from a gene mapping progeny. messenger rna used for the sage analysis came from plants that ... | 2004 | 15630620 |
| bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library resource for positional cloning of pest and disease resistance genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | pest and disease problems are important constraints of cassava production and host plant resistance is the most efficient method of combating them. breeding for host plant resistance is considerably slowed down by the crop's biological constraints of a long growth cycle, high levels of heterozygosity and a large genetic load. more efficient methods such as gene cloning and transgenesis are required to deploy resistance genes. to facilitate the cloning of resistance genes, bacterial artificial ch ... | 2004 | 15630619 |
| an est resource for cassava and other species of euphorbiaceae. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is a major food staple for nearly 600 million people in africa, asia, and latin america. major losses in yield result from biotic and abiotic stresses that include diseases such as cassava mosaic disease (cmd) and cassava bacterial blight (cbb), drought, and acid soils. additional losses also occur from deterioration during the post-harvest storage of roots. to help cassava breeders overcome these obstacles, the scientific community has turned to modern genomics appro ... | 2004 | 15630617 |
| snps, ssrs and inferences on cassava's origin. | despite its importance as a staple food throughout the tropics, the root crop cassava (it manihot esculenta ssp. esculenta) has traditionally not been a major focus of research. one basic question about cassava that remained unresolved until recently concerns the crop's origin. this paper describes analyses of snps (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and ssr (simple sequence repeat) variation as a means of tracing cassava's evolutionary and geographical origins. genetic diversity was examined in a ... | 2004 | 15630616 |
| anomalous effect of compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose tablets. | the effect of varying the compression pressure on the brittle fracture tendency of alpha-cellulose and lactose tablets has been investigated. tablet tensile strength, (t), packing fraction, (pf), and brittle fracture index (bfi) were determined at different compression pressures (0.82, 1.22 and 1.63 mpa). in another aspect of the study, alpha-cellulose and tapioca powders were mixed in various proportions to obtain powders of varying plastoelasticity. their tableting characteristics t, pf and bf ... | 2004 | 15454298 |
| determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines. | antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), manihot utillissima (tapioca shoo ... | 2004 | 15331345 |
| response of cassava leaf area expansion to water deficit: cell proliferation, cell expansion and delayed development. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is an important food crop in the tropics that has a high growth rate in optimal conditions, but also performs well in drought-prone climates. the objectives of this work were to determine the effects of water deficit and rewatering on the rate of expansion of leaves at different developmental stages and to evaluate the extent to which decreases in cell proliferation, expansion, and delay in development are responsible for reduced growth. | 2004 | 15319226 |
| enzymatic enantioselective transcyanation of silicon-containing aliphatic ketone with (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | (s)-hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) was shown for the first time to be able to catalyze the enantioselective transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane (atms) with acetone cyanohydrin to form (s)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile in an aqueous/organic biphasic system. to better understand the reaction, various influential variables were examined. the most suitable organic phase, optimal buffer ph, aqueous phase content, shaking rate, temperature, concentration of atms, a ... | 2004 | 15309340 |
| cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of cassava by encapsulation-vitrification method. | shoot tips of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in vitro plantlets were successfully cryopreserved using the encapsulation-vitrification technique. nodal cuttings of 5 mm length with one leaf were cultured on modified ms medium in petri dishes (90 mm x 20 mm) for about 28 days. excised shoot tips were precultured on sucrose enriched (0.3 m) medium for 16 h, encapsulated and osmoprotected with a mixture of 2 m glycerol and 0.6 m sucrose for 90 min at 25 degree c before dehydration with pvs2 at 0 ... | 2004 | 15031745 |
| gene flow between cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, and wild relatives. | controlled and natural hybridization between cassava and wild relatives does occur. barriers within the genus appear to be weak due to recent evolution of the group. all manihot species examined cytogenetically have a chromosome number of 2n = 36. however, they behave meiotically as diploids. the weak interspecific barriers have led to an extremely heterozygous gene pool that may begin a sequence of hybridization followed by speciation. introgression from cassava into a number of wild species (m ... | 2003 | 15011137 |
| [physicochemical and functional evaluation of pregelatinized and microwaved cassava (manihot esculenta cranz) starches]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two physical modification methods, drum-drying pregelatinization and microwave heating (at 25% moisture), on some characteristics of cassava starch. the water absorption, solubility and swelling power of pregelatinized starch increased considerably between 65 and 90 degrees c (56 to 86 g water/g starch, 89 to 99% and 63 to 87, respectively), while in microwaved starch these indices dropped, in general terms, from 75 degrees c (5 to 37 g water/g ... | 2003 | 14976784 |
| apomixis and cassava. | apomixis means seed formation without fertilization. in cassava (manihot esculenta) it is an alternative to reproduction by cuttings, which normally transmits pathogens and leads to an accumulation of viral and bacterial diseases. apomixis also assures preservation of heterosis and avoids genetic segregation. it occurs in wild relatives of cassava and has been transferred successfully from manihot glaziovii and m. neusana. it is facultative, and occurs at a low frequency, ranging from 1-2%, and ... | 2002 | 14963841 |
| cassava, manihot esculenta crantz, genetic resources: origin of the crop, its evolution and relationships with wild relatives. | about 98 species of manihot are known. all of them are native to the new world and are concentrated in four regions in brazil and central america. all the manihot species so far examined have 2n = 36 chromosomes. interspecific hybrids between cassava and its wild relatives show relatively normal meiosis, and further generations can be obtained. electrophoresis shows affinity among wild species of different sections, and between some of them and cassava. both polyploidy and apomixis may have cont ... | 2002 | 14963820 |
| generation of cyanogen-free transgenic cassava. | cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz.) is the major source of calories for subsistence farmers in sub-saharan africa. cassava, however, contains potentially toxic levels of the cyanogenic glucoside, linamarin. the cyanogen content of cassava foods can be reduced to safe levels by maceration, soaking, rinsing and baking; however, short-cut processing techniques can yield toxic food products. our objective was to eliminate cyanogens from cassava so as to eliminate the need for food processing. to ac ... | 2003 | 14520563 |
| determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines. | antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), manihot utillissima (tapioca shoo ... | 2003 | 14505992 |
| genetic mapping of qtls affecting productivity and plant architecture in a full-sib cross from non-inbred parents in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | an attempt was made to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for several productivity and plant architecture traits in a full-sib progeny of 144 individuals from two non-inbred parents in cassava. a molecular linkage map of this cross constructed previously with over 250 markers was the source of molecular markers. the progeny were grown under field conditions at two locations (palmira and quilichao) in colombia and evaluated in 2 years (1998 and 1999) for architecture and productivity traits. ... | 2003 | 12910344 |
| simple sequence repeat marker diversity in cassava landraces: genetic diversity and differentiation in an asexually propagated crop. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is an allogamous, vegetatively propagated, neotropical crop that is also widely grown in tropical africa and southeast asia. to elucidate genetic diversity and differentiation in the crop's primary and secondary centers of diversity, and the forces shaping them, ssr marker variation was assessed at 67 loci in 283 accessions of cassava landraces from africa (tanzania and nigeria) and the neotropics (brazil, colombia, peru, venezuela, guatemala, mexico and argentina). a ... | 2003 | 12856084 |
| cassava cyanogens and free amino acids in raw and cooked leaves. | cassava leaves (manihot esculenta crantz) constitute the main daily source of protein as supplement to the major staple food, the processed cassava roots in remote rural areas of africa. konzo, an upper motoneurone disease with permanent spastic paralysis of both legs, has been reported among populations consuming this unbalanced diet. in commercial pounded cassava leaves residual cyanogens and the presence of inherent potentially toxic non-protein amino acids were analysed to check their safety ... | 2003 | 12842188 |
| isolation of resistance gene candidates (rgcs) and characterization of an rgc cluster in cassava. | plant disease resistance genes (r genes) show significant similarity amongst themselves in terms of both their dna sequences and structural motifs present in their protein products. oligonucleotide primers designed from nbs (nucleotide binding site) domains encoded by several r-genes have been used to amplify nbs sequences from the genomic dna of various plant species, which have been called resistance gene analogues (rgas) or resistance gene candidates (rgcs). using specific primers from the nb ... | 2003 | 12827500 |
| anaphylactic reaction to manioc: cross-reactivity to latex. | | 2003 | 12823136 |
| substrate specificity of mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta. | several tryptophan128-substituted mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from manihot esculenta (mehnl) are constructed and applied in the mehnl-catalyzed addition of hcn to various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes as well as to methyl and ethyl ketones to yield the corresponding cyanohydrins. the mutants (especially mehnl-w128a) are in most cases superior to the wild-type (wt) enzyme when diisopropyl ether is used as the solvent. substitution of tryptophan128 by an alanine residue enlarges the ent ... | 2003 | 12616635 |
| genetic analysis and qtl mapping of early root bulking in an f1 population of non-inbred parents in cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz). | the genetic basis of early bulking in cassava was studied in a replicated, multi-locational trial using 144 f1 progeny derived from an intra-specific cross between two non-inbred parents. a second, sequential harvest experiment examined the relative importance of eight yield-related traits on early bulking and their qtls during the crop growth cycle. our objectives were to identify traits, and genes controlling them, strongly associated with early yield as a first step to marker-assisted improve ... | 2002 | 12582871 |
| genetic mapping of a dominant gene conferring resistance to cassava mosaic disease. | cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is the most-important disease of cassava ( manihot esculenta) in africa, and is a potential threat to latin american (la) cassava production. although this viral disease is still unknown in la, its vector - the whitefly - has recently been found. the disease is best controlled through host-plant resistance, which was first found in third backcross derivatives of an interspecific cross between cassava and manihot glaziovii, and is thought to be polygenic. recently, hi ... | 2002 | 12582500 |
| physical and sensory properties of low-salt phosphate-free frankfurters composed with various ingredients. | the physical properties and sensory attributes of phosphate-free frankfurters were examined using response surface methodology by varying the amounts of five compositional variables: salt, modified tapioca starch-, sodium citrate (nac)- and wheat bran and fat in the batter. altogether, 20 different types of frankfurters were prepared. when the frankfurters were made without phosphate, additional non-meat ingredients were needed at salt contents of less than 1.5%. modified tapioca starch and sodi ... | 2003 | 22061978 |
| [sorption of mono- and sesquiterpenes by natural polysaccharides]. | sorption of terpenoids (essential oil components) from aqueous solutions by six types of native food starches was studied by capillary gas chromatography. sorption of volatile substances did not depend on amylose content in starch and specific surface of its granules. the degree of sorption was maximum (86%) for corn starch containing 25-28% amylose and decreased in the following order: tapioca starch (77%) > potato starch (74%) > wheat starch (70%) > high-amylose corn starch (58%) > amylopectin ... | 2006 | 12391760 |
| daily ingestion of 232th, 238u, 226ra, 228ra and 210pb in vegetables by inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. | the concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 232th, 238u, 210pb, 226ra and 238ra were determined in the vegetables (leafy vegetables, fruit, root, bean and rice) and derived products (sugar, coffee, manioc flour, wheat flour, corn flour and pasta) consumed most by the adult inhabitants of rio de janeiro city. a total of 88 samples from 26 different vegetables and derived products were analyzed. the highest contribution to radionuclide intake arises from bean, wheat flour, manioc f ... | 2002 | 12141609 |
| effect of medium salt concentration on differentiation and maturation of somatic embryos of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | culture of cassava somatic embryos on media with an altered macro- and micro-nutrient salt concentration affected embryo development and germination capability. in the tests, quarter-, half-, full- or double-strength murashige and skoog (ms) media were compared. the maximum number of somatic embryos differentiated from a proliferative nodular embryogenic callus (nec) on either half- or full-strength ms medium, and the greatest numbers of cotyledonary stage embryos were formed on full-strength ms ... | 2002 | 12099540 |