| up-regulation of granulomatous inflammation in interleukin-6 knockout mice infected with rhodococcus aurantiacus. | after intravenous injection of rhodococcus aurantiacus normal mice develop non-necrotic granulomas, the formation of which is dependent on endogenous interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). in the early phase of r. aurantiacus infection a high level of endogenous interleukin-6 (il-6) is detected in the spleen extracts, though its importance is unknown. using il-6 knockout (il-6-/-) mice, we studied the role of il-6 in granulomatous inflammation induced by r. aurantiacus. the size of granulomas generated i ... | 2003 | 14632648 |
| molecular epidemiology of rhodococcus equi of intermediate virulence isolated from patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome in chiang mai, thailand. | we investigated the prevalence of virulent rhodococcus equi in clinical isolates from 69 sporadic cases (60 men, 8 women, and 1 patient of unknown sex) in chiang mai, thailand, between 1993 and 2001. fifty were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive, 3 were hiv negative, and hiv status was unknown for 16. fifty-two (75%) of 69 isolates were strains of intermediate virulence that contained the virulence-associated 20-kda antigen, and 17 isolates (25%) were avirulent. no virulent strains with ... | 2003 | 14639543 |
| biosynthesis of caco3 crystals of complex morphology using a fungus and an actinomycete. | the biosynthesis of caco3 by reaction of aqueous ca2+ ions with a fungus, fusarium sp., and an actinomycete, rhodococcus sp. (both plant organisms), is described. in the case of the fungus, cruciform-shaped calcite crystals are obtained (sem picture a) while the actinomycete yielded the unstable polymorph of caco3, vaterite (sem picture b). specific proteins secreted by the microorganisms are responsible for the morphology and crystallography control observed. a highlight of this approach is tha ... | 2003 | 14640611 |
| frozen cancellous bone allografts: positive cultures of implanted grafts in posterior fusions of the spine. | we have carried out a study on the behaviour pattern of implanted allografts initially stored in perfect conditions (aseptically processed, culture-negative and stored at -80 degrees c) but which presented positive cultures at the implantation stage. there is no information available on how to deal with this type of situation, so our aim was to set guidelines on the course of action which would be required in such a case. this was a retrospective study of 112 patients who underwent a spinal arth ... | 2004 | 14648307 |
| isolation and 16s dna characterization of soil microorganisms from tropical soils capable of utilizing the herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron. | six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from colombian (south america) and hawaiian (usa) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (hex) and tebuthiuron (teb). microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16s dna sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16s rrna gene for bacterial identification. the isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from colombia. ... | 2003 | 14649709 |
| crystal structures of the rhodococcus proteasome with and without its pro-peptides: implications for the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly. | to understand the role of the pro-peptide in proteasome assembly, we have determined structures of the rhodococcus proteasome and a mutant form that prevents the autocatalytic removal of its pro-peptides. the structures reveal that the pro-peptide acts as an assembly-promoting factor by linking its own beta-subunit to two adjacent alpha-subunits, thereby providing a molecular explanation for the observed kinetics of proteasome assembly. the rhodococcus proteasome has been found to have a substan ... | 2004 | 14659753 |
| carbon source-induced modifications in the mycolic acid content and cell wall permeability of rhodococcus erythropolis e1. | the influence of the carbon source on cell wall properties was analyzed in an efficient alkane-degrading strain of rhodococcus erythropolis (strain e1), with particular focus on the mycolic acid content. a clear correlation was observed between the carbon source and the mycolic acid profiles as estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. two types of mycolic acid patterns were observed after growth either on saturated linear alkanes or on short-chain alkanoates. on ... | 2003 | 14660344 |
| characterisation of nitrilase and nitrile hydratase biocatalytic systems. | biocatalytic transformations converting aromatic and arylaliphatic nitriles into the analogous related amide or acid were investigated. these studies included synthesis of the beta-substituted nitrile 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionitrile, subsequent enrichment and isolation on this substrate of nitrile-degrading microorganisms from the environment, and a comparative study of enzymatic reactions of nitriles by resting cell cultures and enzymes. each biocatalyst exhibited a distinctive substrate select ... | 2004 | 14666389 |
| high efficiency degradation of tetrahydrofuran (thf) using a membrane bioreactor: identification of thf-degrading cultures of pseudonocardia sp. strain m1 and rhodococcus ruber isolate m2. | a mixed microbial culture capable of growing aerobically on tetrahydrofuran (thf) as a sole carbon and energy source was used as the inoculum in a 10 l working volume membrane bioreactor. following start-up, the reactor was operated in batch mode for 24 h and then switched to continuous feed with 100% biomass recycle. on average, greater than 96% of thf fed to the reactor was removed during the 8-month study. thf loading rates ranged from 0.62 to 9.07 g l(-1) day(-1) with a hydraulic retention t ... | 2003 | 14666425 |
| bacterial composition of the biofilm on the surface of course sediment of the danube: with special reference to the clinically important bacteria. | on monthly intervals and over a period of 14 months (november, 1993-december, 1994) biofilm samples from sediments taken at the szentendre island on the danube were culturel and the isolated organisms were examined macromorphologically and micromorphogically and tested for oxidase and catalase production and their ability to oxidise and ferment glucose. the majority (85%) of the strains isolated were catalase positive. 43% were oxidase positive, 38% were glucose oxidisers and only 19% fermented ... | 1998 | 14666747 |
| npdr, a repressor involved in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol degradation in rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1. | rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1 utilizes 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) as a sole nitrogen source. the initial attack on picric acid occurs through two hydrogenation reactions. hydride transferase ii (encoded by npdi) and hydride transferase i (encoded by npdc) are responsible for the hydride transfers. database searches with the npd genes have indicated the presence of a putative transcriptional regulator, npdr. here, the npdr gene was expressed in escherichia coli, and the protein was purified ... | 2004 | 14679229 |
| comparative benzene-induced fatty acid changes in a rhodococcus species and its benzene-sensitive mutant: possible role of myristic and oleic acids in tolerance. | a gram positive bacterium of the genus rhodococcus was isolated from a contaminated site in sydney, australia, for its ability to tolerate and degrade high concentrations of benzene. to identify fatty acids that may impart this rhodococcus sp. with tolerance to toxic solvents, a benzene-sensitive strain, labeled m2b, was isolated using ems mutagenesis. a comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles showed that strain m2b was unable to increase its saturated:unsaturated ratio of fatty acids to the ... | 2003 | 14682518 |
| foal-related risk factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia on farms with endemic infection. | to identify foal-related risk factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia among foals on farms with endemic r. equi infection. | 2003 | 14690209 |
| a polyketide synthase catalyzes the last condensation step of mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria and related organisms. | mycolic acids are major and specific constituents of the cell envelope of corynebacterineae, a suborder of bacterial species including several important human pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, or corynebacterium diphtheriae. these long-chain fatty acids are involved in the unusual architecture and impermeability of the cell envelope of these bacteria. the condensase, the enzyme responsible for the final condensation step in mycolic acid biosynthesis, has remaine ... | 2004 | 14695899 |
| bioremediation of chlorobenzene-contaminated ground water in an in situ reactor mediated by hydrogen peroxide. | new in situ reactive barrier technologies were tested nearby a local aquifer in bitterfeld, saxonia-anhalt, germany, which is polluted mainly by chlorobenzene (cb), in concentrations up to 450 microm. a reactor filled with original aquifer sediment was designed for the microbiological remediation of the ground water by indigenous bacterial communities. two remediation variants were examined: (a) the degradation of cb under anoxic conditions in the presence of nitrate; (b) the degradation of cb u ... | 2004 | 14698874 |
| rhodococcus equi virulence plasmids recovered from horses and their environment in jeju, korea: 90-kb type ii and a new variant, 90-kb type v. | rhodococcus equi was isolated from fecal and soil samples from four native jeju horse farms and six thoroughbred farms in jeju, korea. the isolates were examined for the presence of virulence-associated 15-17-kda antigens (vapa) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10g5, and for the gene encoding vapa by pcr. r. equi was isolated from all 36 soil samples collected from the 10 farms with between 5.0 x 10(2) and 7.5 x 10(4) colony-forming units (cfu) per gram of soil, and from 37 of 4 ... | 2003 | 14709819 |
| novel pathway for utilization of cyclopropanecarboxylate by rhodococcus rhodochrous. | a new strain isolated from soil utilizes cyclopropanecarboxylate as the sole source of carbon and energy and was identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous (h. nishihara, y. ochi, h. nakano, m. ando, and t. toraya, j. ferment. bioeng. 80:400-402, 1995). a novel pathway for the utilization of cyclopropanecarboxylate, a highly strained compound, by this bacterium was investigated. cyclopropanecarboxylate-dependent reduction of nad(+) in cell extracts of cyclopropanecarboxylate-grown cells was observed. ... | 2004 | 14711645 |
| first cases of animal diseases published since 2000. 4. horses. | in this fourth article of a series of papers listing first case reports of animal diseases published since 2000, the following six cases of horse diseases are discussed: disseminated metastatic intramedullary melanoma. lipoma of the extensor tendon sheaths. meningoencephalomyelitis in a neonatal foal due to salmonella agona infection. neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. placentitis due to rhodococcus equi infection. right atrial diverticulum in a foal. after a short introduction, the bibliographical ... | 2003 | 14714739 |
| rhodococcus equi peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | the human rhodococcus equi (r. equi) infection is now emerging, although extrapulmonary manifestation and isolation from patients without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection remains unusual. considerable effort is required to correctly identify and diagnose this facultative pathogen in patients with peritonitis in end-stage renal failure (esrf) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). in the six cases of r. equi capd peritonitis reported in this series, diagnoses were made, ... | 2003 | 14733423 |
| heterologous production and characterization of bacterial nickel/cobalt permeases. | nickel/cobalt permeases (nicots, tc 2.a.52) are a rapidly growing family of structurally related membrane transporters whose members are found in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, in thermoacidophilic archaea, and in fungi. previous studies have predicted two subclasses represented by hoxn of ralstonia eutropha, a selective nickel transporter, and by nhlf of rhodococcus rhodochrous, a nickel and cobalt transporter that displays a preference for the co ion. in the present study, nicot gen ... | 2004 | 14734175 |
| microbial production of isoquinoline from indene. | a purified microbial isolate, identified as a strain of rhodococcus sp., metabolized indene primarily to iso quinoline and lesser amounts of indandiol and indanone. isoquinoline production was dependent on the presence of microbial culture, indene, and ammonium ions as the source of nitrogen in the molecule. the ability to produce isoquinoline was induced by growth on benzene or naphthalene and by the presence of indene itself. the culture produced compounds tentatively identified as 3-methyliso ... | 2003 | 14735219 |
| granulomatous interstitial nephritis of the allograft kidney associated with rhodococcal pulmonary infection. | | 2004 | 14736981 |
| asymmetrically acting lycopene beta-cyclases (crtlm) from non-photosynthetic bacteria. | carotenoids have important functions in photosynthesis, nutrition, and protection against oxidative damage. some natural carotenoids are asymmetrical molecules that are difficult to produce chemically. biological production of carotenoids using specific enzymes is a potential alternative to extraction from natural sources. here we report the isolation of lycopene beta-cyclases that selectively cyclize only one end of lycopene or neurosporene. the crtlm genes encoding the asymmetrically acting ly ... | 2004 | 14740205 |
| necrotic death of rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages is regulated by virulence-associated plasmids. | rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that can cause severe bronchopneumonia in foals and aids patients. it has been reported that advanced infection of foals is characterized by tissue necrosis, coinciding with the presence of degenerate bacteria-laden macrophages. here, we report that the possession of the vapa-expressing plasmid, which has been previously correlated with a high level of virulence for foals and mice, strongly increases cytotoxicity of r. equi for murine ma ... | 2004 | 14742529 |
| biocatalytic scrubbing of gaseous acrylonitrile using rhodococcus ruber immobilized in synthetic silicone polymer (immobasil) rings. | microbial detoxification of acrylonitrile vapor was performed using rhodococcus ruber immobilized into rings of a synthetic silicone polymer (immobasil ) sponge. the immobilization matrix was used as both the cell support material and also as the trickle-bed column packing. the elimination capacity of the biocatalytic scrubber was determined for different influent concentrations of gaseous acrylonitrile. the working life of the nongrowing biocatalyst was also examined under test conditions and w ... | 2004 | 14755563 |
| dna isolation from soil samples for cloning in different hosts. | many protocols to extract dna directly from soil samples have been developed in recent years. we employed two extraction methods which differed in the method of lysis and compared these methods with respect to yield, purity and degree of shearing. the main focus was on the specific isolation of dna from different microorganisms, especially dna from actinomycetes, as these cells are very difficult to lyse, in contrast to non-actinomycetes. thus, we used both methods to isolate dna from pseudomona ... | 2004 | 14758515 |
| biodegradation of the hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine ring cleavage product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal by phanerochaete chrysosporium. | initial denitration of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by rhodococcus sp. strain dn22 produces co2 and the dead-end product 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (ndab), ohcnhch2nhno2, in high yield. here we describe experiments to determine the biodegradability of ndab in liquid culture and soils containing phanerochaete chrysosporium. a soil sample taken from an ammunition plant contained rdx (342 micromol kg(-1)), hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; 3,057 micromol kg(-1)), ... | 2004 | 14766596 |
| [fluorene degradation by bacteria of the genus rhodococcus]. | of the four investigated rhodococcus strains (r. rhodochrous 172, r. opacus 4a and 557, and r. rhodnii 135), the first three strains were found to be able to completely transform fluorene when it was present in the medium as the sole source of carbon at a concentration of 12-25 mg/l. at a fluorene concentration of 50-100 mg/l in the medium, the rhodococci transformed 50% of the substrate in 14 days. the addition of casamino acids and sucrose (1-5 g/l) stimulated fluorene transformation, so that ... | 2003 | 14768539 |
| studies on strains of corynebacterium equi isolated from pigs. | | 1950 | 14800806 |
| temporal dynamics and degradation activity of an bacterial inoculum for treating waste metal-working fluid. | in order for established bioreactors to be effective for treating chemically mixed wastes such as metal working fluids (mwf) it is essential that they harbour microbial populations that can maintain sufficient active biomass and degrade each of the chemical constituents present. in this study we investigated the effectiveness of a bacterial consortium composed of four species (clavibacter michiganensis, methylobacterium mesophilicum, rhodococcus erythropolis and pseudomonas putida), assembled on ... | 2004 | 14871209 |
| phenotypic alterations in arabidopsis thaliana plants caused by rhodococcus fascians infection. | arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. plants were challenged with rhodococcus fascians at several developmental stages and using different inoculation procedures. a variety of morphological alterations was scored on the infected plants; some of them resembled phenotypes of a. thaliana mutants in their shoot apical meristem (sam) organization. infection with r. fascians did not affect sam organization in wild type nor in sam mutants. anatomical studies on the new organs formed after infection with r. ... | 2004 | 14968352 |
| b and t cell suppression in an arabian horse with rhodococcus equi infection. | | 2004 | 14979446 |
| immunogenecity of synthetic peptides representing linear b-cell epitopes of vapa of rhodococcus equi. | amino acid 65-78 of membrane protein vapa of the facultative intracellular rhodococcus equi contained an immunodominant n-terminal b-cell epitope (n15y peptide). safety and immunogenecity of a synthetic peptide consisting of the amino acid 65-78 of vapa (peptide n15y) were evaluated first in mice and in healthy adult horses. a single dose of a peptide-vapa vaccine induced and only in presence of adjuvant, specific igg antibodies in sera of mice. after challenge with virulent r. equi 3 weeks afte ... | 2004 | 15003638 |
| use of a novel fluorinated organosulfur compound to isolate bacteria capable of carbon-sulfur bond cleavage. | the vacuum residue fraction of heavy crudes contributes to the viscosity of these oils. specific microbial cleavage of c-s bonds in alkylsulfide bridges that form linkages in this fraction may result in dramatic viscosity reduction. to date, no bacterial strains have been shown conclusively to cleave c-s bonds within alkyl chains. screening for microbes that can perform this activity was greatly facilitated by the use of a newly synthesized compound, bis-(3-pentafluorophenylpropyl)-sulfide (pfps ... | 2004 | 15006770 |
| haloalkane hydrolysis by rhodococcus erythropolis cells: comparison of conventional aqueous phase dehalogenation and nonconventional gas phase dehalogenation. | biofiltration of air polluted by volatile organic compounds is now recognized by the industrial and research communities as an effective and viable alternative to standard environmental technologies. whereas many studies have focused on solid/liquid/gas biofilters, there have been fewer reports on waste air treatment using other biological processes, especially in a solid/gas biofilter. in this study, a comparison was made of the hydrolysis of halogenated compounds (such as 1-chlorobutane) by ly ... | 2004 | 15007840 |
| purification and characterization of a chemotolerant alcohol dehydrogenase applicable to coupled redox reactions. | the purification and characterization of an organic solvent tolerant, nadh-dependent medium-chain secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (denoted sec-adh "a") from rhodococcus ruber dsm 44541 is reported. the enzyme can withstand elevated concentrations of organic solvents, such as acetone (up to 50% v/v) and 2-propanol (up to 80% v/v). thus, it is ideally suited for the preparative-scale enantioselective oxidation of sec-alcohol and the asymmetric reduction of ketones, using acetone and 2-propanol, re ... | 2004 | 15007841 |
| two-day induction with thymoglobulin in kidney transplantation: risks and benefits. | the aim of this study was to develop an induction protocol to reduce allograft rejection with fewer posttransplant infections and malignancies. | 2004 | 15013305 |
| rhodococcus gordoniae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from clinical material and phenol-contaminated soil. | the taxonomic relationships of two actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus rhodococcus were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. the generic assignment was confirmed by 16s rrna gene similarity data, as the organisms, strains mtcc 1534 and w 4937(t), were shown to belong to the rhodococcus rhodochrous subclade. these organisms had phenotypic properties typical of rhodococci; they were aerobic, gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycetes that showed an elementary branchin ... | 2004 | 15023952 |
| characterization of transcriptional regulatory genes for biphenyl degradation in rhodococcus sp. strain rha1. | transcription of the bpha1a2a3a4c1b genes, which are responsible for the conversion of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl to the meta-cleavage products in rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, was examined. the bpha1 promoter (p(bpha1)) was identified and was shown to promote transcription induction by biphenyl and ethylbenzene. an 8.8-kb hindiii fragment that promotes transcription induction of p(bpha1) in rhodococcus erythropolis iam1399 was isolated from the region downstream of bphb by using a rep ... | 2004 | 15028699 |
| rapid determination of vapa/vapb genotype in rhodococcus equi using a differential polymerase chain reaction method. | rhodococcus equi is a facultative pathogen of foals. infection causes an often fatal pulmonary pneumonia. the organism has also been isolated from pigs, cattle, humans and the environment. equine virulence has a high positive correlation with the expression of a 17.4 kd polypeptide of unknown function, vapa, the product of the plasmid-encoded vapa gene. more recently an isogene of vapa, referred to as vapb and encoding an 18.2 kda polypeptide, has been identified among pig and human isolates. th ... | 2004 | 15031644 |
| [in process citation]. | rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, obligate aerobe, partially acid fast, gram-positive pathogen that causes cavitary pneumonia in animals and immunocompromised humans. we describe 8 cases of r. equi pneumonia in patients with advanced hiv infection (cd4 counts less than 100/mm3), 7 males and 1 female (mean age 30.8 years), observed between 1991 and 1994. a history of exposure to farm animals was found in 4 patients. the most common presenting symptoms were fever, malaise, dyspnea, ... | 1995 | 15034308 |
| the n-terminal coiled coil of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase is neither necessary for oligomerization nor nucleotide hydrolysis. | deletion mutants of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase were generated and characterized by biochemical analysis and electron microscopy. based on sequence comparisons the arc protein was divided into three consecutive regions, the n-terminal coiled coil, the central arc-specific inter domain and the c-terminal aaa domain. when the arc aaa domain was expressed separately it formed aggregates of undefined structure. however, when the aaa domain was expressed in conjunction with the precee ... | 2004 | 15037247 |
| high-throughput measurement of the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols by using two enzymes. | | 2004 | 15038041 |
| nramp1 deletion does not confer susceptibility to rhodococcus equi infection in mice. | rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised people and foals. the nramp1 gene influences susceptibility to a variety of intracellular bacteria (including mycobacterial species), but not to mycobacterium tuberculosis. in this study, we demonstrate that mice functionally deleted of the nramp1 gene were not more susceptible to infection with virulent r. equi (atcc 33701) than wild-type mice. susceptibility of mice to infection with the intracellular bac ... | 2004 | 15045472 |
| hydrocarbon spills on antarctic soils: effects and management. | antarctic exploration and research have led to some significant although localized impacts on the environment. human impacts occur around current or past scientific research stations, typically located on ice-free areas that are predominantly soils. fuel spills, the most common occurrence, have the potential to cause the greatest environmental impact in the antarctic through accumulation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. effective management of hydrocarbon spills is dependent on understanding ... | 2004 | 15046325 |
| metabolic pathway engineering to enhance aerobic degradation of chlorinated ethenes and to reduce their toxicity by cloning a novel glutathione s-transferase, an evolved toluene o-monooxygenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. | aerobic, co-metabolic bioremediation of trichloroethylene (tce), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-dce) and other chlorinated ethenes with monooxygenase-expressing microorganisms is limited by the toxic epoxides produced as intermediates. a recombinant escherichia coli strain less sensitive to the toxic effects of cis-dce, tce and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-dce) degradation has been created by engineering a novel pathway consisting of eight genes including a dna-shuffled toluene ortho-monooxy ... | 2004 | 15049922 |
| a novel system for expressing recombinant proteins over a wide temperature range from 4 to 35 degrees c. | escherichia coli cells are the most commonly used host cells for large-scale production of recombinant proteins, but some proteins are difficult to express in e. coli. therefore, we tested the nocardioform actinomycete rhodococcus erythropolis, which grows at temperatures ranging from 4 to 35 degrees c, as an expression host cell. we constructed inducible expression vectors, where the expression of the target genes could be controlled with the antibiotic thiostrepton. using these expression vect ... | 2004 | 15052633 |
| rhodococcus aetherivorans sp. nov., a new species that contains methyl t-butyl ether-degrading actinomycetes. | the taxonomic positions of two actinomycetes, strains bc663 and 10bc312t, provisionally assigned to the genus rhodococcus were determined using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. the organisms have phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus rhodococcus and were assigned to the 16s rrna subgroup which contains rhodococcus rhodochrous and closely related species. the two strains, which have many phenotypic features in common, belong to the same genomic species albeit ... | 2004 | 15053322 |
| crystal structure of 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp. | the crystal structure of the 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, a fe(iii) ion-containing enzyme involved in the aerobic biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds, has been solved by multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion using the weak anomalous signal of the two catalytic irons (1 fe/257 amino acids) and refined at a 2.5 a resolution (r(free) 28.7%; r factor 21.4%). the analysis of the structure and its comparison with the ... | 2004 | 15060064 |
| indene bioconversion by a toluene inducible dioxygenase of rhodococcus sp. i24. | rhodococcus sp. i24 can oxygenate indene via at least three independent enzyme activities: (i) a naphthalene inducible monooxygenase (ii) a naphthalene inducible dioxygenase, and (iii) a toluene inducible dioxygenase (tid). pulsed field gel analysis revealed that the i24 strain harbors two megaplasmids of approximately 340 and approximately 50 kb. rhodococcus sp. ky1, a derivative of the i24 strain, lacks the approximately 340 kb element as well as the tid activity. southern blotting and sequenc ... | 2004 | 15069586 |
| diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia. | the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical usefulness of thoracic ultrasonography compared to thoracic radiography in evaluation of rhodococcus equi pneumonia. criteria for patient inclusion in this study were: (1) isolation of r. equi from transtracheal aspirate, (2) radiographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma, and (3) sonographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma. seventeen foals met this criteria and their medical records were reviewed. pyogranulomatous pne ... | 2004 | 15072151 |
| pb264, a small, mobilizable, temperature sensitive plasmid from rhodococcus. | gram-positive bacteria of the genus rhodococcus have shown an extraordinary capacity for metabolizing recalcitrant organic compounds. one hindrance to the full exploitation of rhodococcus is the dearth of genetic tools available for strain manipulation. to address this issue, we sought to develop a plasmid-based system for genetic manipulation of a variety of rhodococcus strains. | 2004 | 15084226 |
| crude oil and hydrocarbon-degrading strains of rhodococcus rhodochrous isolated from soil and marine environments in kuwait. | soil and marine samples collected from different localities in kuwait were screened for microorganisms capable of oil degradation. both fungi and bacteria were isolated. the fungal flora consisted of aspergillus terreus, a. sulphureus, mucor globosus, fusarium sp. and penicillum citrinum. mucor globosus was the most active oil degrading fungus isolated. bacterial isolates included bacillus spp. enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas spp., nocardia spp., streptomyces spp.,and rhodococcus spp. among thes ... | 1990 | 15092275 |
| generation of larger numbers of separated microbial populations by cultivation in segmented-flow microdevices. | the high speed production of fluid segments for the highly parallelized cultivation of monoclonal cell populations was carried out by the use of microchip segmentor modules. aqueous fluid segments, embedded in a non-miscible carrier liquid, were produced with frequencies up to 30 s(-1) and showed a high homogeneity in size. this corresponds with the production of about 2.5 million samples per day. the segment volumes can be adapted between about 4 nl and 100 nl. the typical segment size for cult ... | 2003 | 15100775 |
| multiplicity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrading bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous k37. | rhodococcus rhodochrous k37, a gram-positive bacterium grown under alkaline conditions, was isolated for its ability to metabolize pcbs. analysis revealed that it has eight genes encoding extradiol dioxygenase, which has 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity, and these genes were designated bphc1 to bphc8. according to the classification of extradiol dioxygenases [eltis, l. d., and bolin, j. t., j. bacteriol., 178, 5930-5937 (1996)], bphc3 and bphc6 belong to the type ii enzyme group. t ... | 2004 | 15118304 |
| degradation pathways of cyclic alkanes in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48. | the degradation pathways for cyclic alkanes (c-alkanes) in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48 were investigated. strain ndkk48 used dodecylcyclohexane as a sole carbon and energy source, and five metabolites in the dodecylcyclohexane degradation pathway were detected by gas-chromatography/mass spectra. the metabolites were identified as cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexylacetic acid, 1-cyclohexene-1-acetic acid, 4-dodecylcyclohexanol, and 4-dodecylcyclohexanone. the strain degrades dodecylcyclohexane via ... | 2004 | 15118847 |
| the immunogenicity of rhodococcus equi groel2-based vaccines in a murine model. | rhodococcus equi is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen in foals. however, at present there is no commercially available vaccine for the prevention of r. equi-induced disease in these animals. studies have shown that groel based vaccines can afford protection against some intracellular pathogens. in this study, the r. equi gene encoding the heat shock protein groel2 was cloned and sequenced, with a view to using it as a vaccine candidate. the promoter region of the gene contained two ... | 2004 | 15127846 |
| bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the ni hyperaccumulator thlaspi goesingense. | thlaspi goesingense is able to hyperaccumulate extremely high concentrations of ni when grown in ultramafic soils. recently it has been shown that rhizosphere bacteria may increase the heavy metal concentrations in hyperaccumulator plants significantly, whereas the role of endophytes has not been investigated yet. in this study the rhizosphere and shoot-associated (endophytic) bacteria colonizing t. goesingense were characterized in detail by using both cultivation and cultivation-independent te ... | 2004 | 15128517 |
| nitrite elimination and hydrolytic ring cleavage in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) degradation. | two hydrogenation reactions in the initial steps of degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol produce the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. the npdh gene (contained in the npd gene cluster of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1) was shown here to encode a tautomerase, catalyzing a proton shift between the aci-nitro and the nitro forms of the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. an enzyme (which eliminated nitrite from the aci-ni ... | 2004 | 15128543 |
| relation between bacterial strain resistance to solvents and biodesulfurization activity in organic medium. | microorganisms used in biodesulfurization of petroleum products have to withstand high concentrations of hydrocarbons. the capacities of seven desulfurizing strains of rhodococcus to be active in the presence of solvents were evaluated. octanol and toluene (log p=2.9) were selected as toxic solvents. the effect of the solvents was determined by measuring either inhibition of growth or the decrease in respiratory activity of the cells. differences among strains in their resistance to solvent resp ... | 2004 | 15133641 |
| identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting dna hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment. | selective agar media have been used for many years to facilitate the isolation of rhodococcus equi from environmental and clinical samples. however, characterisation of r. equi still requires the use of immunochemical or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis to differentiate between virulent and avirulent isolates. here, we describe a novel method to detect and differentiate between r. equi isolates using colony blotting and dna hybridization. radiolabelled pcr product derived from the r. equ ... | 2004 | 15135520 |
| structure of 6-oxo camphor hydrolase h122a mutant bound to its natural product, (2s,4s)-alpha-campholinic acid: mutant structure suggests an atypical mode of transition state binding for a crotonase homolog. | the crotonase homolog, 6-oxo camphor hydrolase (och), catalyzes the desymmetrization of bicyclic beta-diketones to optically active keto acids via an enzymatic retro-claisen reaction, resulting in the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. we have previously reported the structure of och (whittingham, j. l., turkenburg, j. p., verma, c. s., walsh, m. a., and grogan, g. (2003) j. biol. chem. 278, 1744-1750), which suggested the involvement of five residues, his-45, his-122, his-145, asp-154, and glu-2 ... | 2004 | 15138275 |
| heterologous gene expression in thermus thermophilus: beta-galactosidase, dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, pnb carboxy esterase, 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol dioxygenase, and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. | enzymes from thermophiles are preferred for industrial applications because they generally show improved tolerance to temperature, pressure, solvents, and ph as compared with enzymes from mesophiles. however, nearly all thermostable enzymes used in industrial applications or available commercially are produced as recombinant enzymes in mesophiles, typically escherichia coli. the development of high-temperature bioprocesses, particularly those involving cofactor-requiring enzymes and/or multi-ste ... | 2004 | 15138843 |
| rothia aeria sp. nov., rhodococcus baikonurensis sp. nov. and arthrobacter russicus sp. nov., isolated from air in the russian space laboratory mir. | four gram-positive bacteria, strains a1-17b(t), a1-22(t), a1-3(t) and a1-8, isolated from the air in the russian space laboratory mir, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria based on their 16s rdna sequence showed that they belong to the genera rothia (a1-17b(t)), rhodococcus (a1-22(t)) and arthrobacter (a1-3(t) and a1-8). morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics supported the assignments of these strains to these gen ... | 2004 | 15143031 |
| biotransformation of geraniol by rhodococcus sp. strain gr3. | microbial degradation of geraniol, a natural monoterpene alcohol, was studied using a rhodococcus sp. strain gr3 isolated from soil. the bioconversion product was identified as geranic acid [(2 e )-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid] and its structure was established by (1)h-nmr, fourier-transform ir spectrometry and gc-ms. the optimum temperature for this bioconversion was found to be 30 degrees c, and the reaction proceeds to a saturation with a time constant of 12.5 h. no appreciable degradati ... | 2004 | 15154841 |
| searching for nitrile hydratase using the consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers strategy. | consensus-degenerate oligonucleotide hybrid primers (codehop) were designed by using the www-implemented strategy, based on multiple alignments of nitrile hydratase (nhase) alpha subunit, available from embl database. these primers were successfully tested with known nhase-producing bacterial strains such as agrobacterium tumefaciens dsm 9674, rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 9675, r. erythropolis 9685 and r. erythropolis 11397 and also allowed amplification from organisms not previously referenced ... | 2004 | 15162394 |
| isolation and characterisation of mycobacterium avium and rhodococcus equi from granulomatous lesions of swine lymph nodes in slovenia. | granulomatous lesions in bovine and especially swine lymph nodes are still frequently observed during routine veterinary meat inspections even though mycobacterium bovis infections are no longer detected in domestic animals in slovenia. different lymph nodes of pigs (n = 260) were investigated using classical bacteriological and molecular methods. mycobacterium avium alone was isolated in 47.3% of pigs and in mixed infection with rhodococcus equi in 3.9% of pigs. r. equi alone was isolated in 27 ... | 2004 | 15168745 |
| microbial desaturation of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether into a dichloro vinyl ether. | | 2004 | 15174174 |
| hematologic and immunophenotypic factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infection. | rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised people. in mice, both cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes contribute to host defense against r. equi, but cd4+ t lymphocytes are required for pulmonary clearance of the bacteria. in this prospective study of 208 foals at two equine breeding farms with endemic r. equi infections, we collected peripheral blood samples at 2 and 4 weeks of age and at the time of diagnosis of r. equi pneumonia. samples were analyzed f ... | 2004 | 15182994 |
| rhodococcus opacus expresses the xsc gene to utilize taurine as a carbon source or as a nitrogen source but not as a sulfur source. | the gram-positive bacteria rhodococcus opacus iso-5 and rhodococcus sp. rha1 utilized taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen or of sulfur for growth. different gene clusters and enzymes were active under these different metabolic situations. under carbon- or nitrogen-limited conditions three enzymes were induced, though to different levels: taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase (tpa), alanine dehydrogenase (ald) and sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (xsc). the ... | 2004 | 15184572 |
| cavitary pneumonia secondary to tsukamurella in an aids patient. first case and a review of the literature. | tsukamurella is a gram-positive, variable rod-shaped, weakly acid-alcohol-fast, non motile, aerobic bacterium that belongs to the genus rhodococcus. tsukamurella has been reported as a cause of infections in humans with immunosuppression and indwelling foreign bodies. it has also been isolated in one patient with aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) as a saprophytic organism. optimal management of infections secondary to this micro-organism is still uncertain due to the paucity of cases. th ... | 2004 | 15194243 |
| harnessing the catabolic diversity of rhodococci for environmental and biotechnological applications. | the field of rhodococcus cell engineering is rapidly advancing because of the availability of improved genetic tools and increased insights in their broad catabolic and biochemical diversity. rhodococci harbor large linear plasmids that may contribute to their catabolic diversity. in addition, multiple pathways and gene homologs are often present, thus further increasing rhodococcus catabolic versatility and efficiency. the recent development of effective genetic tools for rhodococcus, such as u ... | 2004 | 15196492 |
| a survey of indigenous microbial hydrocarbon degradation genes in soils from antarctica and brazil. | total community dna from 29 noncontaminated soils and soils impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons and chloro-organics from antarctica and brazil were screened for the presence of nine catabolic genes, encoding alkane monooxygenase or aromatic dioxygenases, from known bacterial biodegradation pathways. specific primers and probes targeting alkane monooxygenase genes were derived from pseudomonas putida atcc 29347 (pp alkb), rhodococcus sp. strain q15 (rh alkb1, rh alkb2), and acinetobacter sp. adp-1 ... | 2004 | 15213740 |
| biphenyl-inducible promoters in a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus sp. rha1. | five transcriptional promoters of biphenyl-degradation genes in rhodococcus sp. rha1 were characterized. we newly identified the etba4 promoter region, which was located adjacent upstream from a ferredoxin reductase gene, etba4 and a dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, bphb2. the etba4 promoter activity was determined in rha1 using a promoter probe vector with a luxab luciferase reporter gene, and was induced by a variety of aromatic compounds as well as the bpha1, ebda1, etba1, and etbd1 promoters. ... | 2004 | 15215588 |
| facile synthesis of arabinomannose penta- and decasaccharide fragments of the lipoarabinomannan of the equine pathogen, rhodococcus equi. | pentasaccharide repeating unit 20 of the lipoarabinomannan from the equine pathogen, rhodococcus equi, and its dimer 31, were synthesized. the pentasaccharide was obtained by assembling a benzoylated 2,6-branched mannosyl trisaccharide acceptor 13 with a free hydroxyl group at c-2' of the mannose residue attached to the core mannose residue by (1 --> 6)-linkage, followed by coupling with 2,3,5-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1 --> 2)-3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl trichloroac ... | 2004 | 15220086 |
| identification and functional analysis of the genes encoding dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing enzymes from thermophilic bacteria. | thermophilic bacteria bacillus subtilis wu-s2b and mycobacterium phlei wu-f1 desulfurize dibenzothiophene (dbt) and alkylated dbts through specific cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bonds over a temperature range up to 52 degrees c. in order to identify and functionally analyze the dbt-desulfurization genes, the gene cluster containing bdsa, bdsb, and bdsc was cloned from b. subtilis wu-s2b. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of bdsabc show homologies to those of the other known dbt-desulfuriza ... | 2004 | 15221222 |
| colonization, biofilm formation and biodegradation of polyethylene by a strain of rhodococcus ruber. | a two-step enrichment procedure led to the isolation of a strain of rhodococcus ruber (c208) that utilized polyethylene films as sole carbon source. in liquid culture, c208 formed a biofilm on the polyethylene surface and degraded up to 8% (gravimetrically) of the polyolefin within 30 days of incubation. the bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon assay and the salt aggregation test both showed that the cell-surface hydrophobicity of c208 was higher than that of three other isolates which were obtaine ... | 2004 | 15221232 |
| rhodococcus equi. | rhodococcus equi is an important cause of subacute or chronic abscessating bronchopneumonia of foals up to 3-5 months of age. it shares the lipid-rich cell wall envelope characteristic of the mycolata, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the ability of pathogenic members of this group to survive within macrophages. the possession of a large virulence plasmid in isolates recovered from pneumonic foals is crucial for virulence. the plasmid contains an 27 kb pathogenicity island (pi) t ... | 2004 | 15236672 |
| geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the hanford site, washington state. | sediments from a high-level nuclear waste plume were collected as part of investigations to evaluate the potential fate and migration of contaminants in the subsurface. the plume originated from a leak that occurred in 1962 from a waste tank consisting of high concentrations of alkali, nitrate, aluminate, cr(vi), (137)cs, and (99)tc. investigations were initiated to determine the distribution of viable microorganisms in the vadose sediment samples, probe the phylogeny of cultivated and uncultiva ... | 2004 | 15240306 |
| detection of genes involved in biodegradation and biotransformation in microbial communities by using 50-mer oligonucleotide microarrays. | to effectively monitor biodegrading populations, a comprehensive 50-mer-based oligonucleotide microarray was developed based on most of the 2,402 known genes and pathways involved in biodegradation and metal resistance. this array contained 1,662 unique and group-specific probes with <85% similarity to their nontarget sequences. based on artificial probes, our results showed that under hybridization conditions of 50 degrees c and 50% formamide, the 50-mer microarray hybridization can differentia ... | 2004 | 15240314 |
| degradation of alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers, and dibenzyl ether by rhodococcus sp. strain dee5151, isolated from diethyl ether-containing enrichment cultures. | twenty strains isolated from sewage sludge were found to degrade various ethers, including alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers, and dibenzyl ether. in rhodococcus strain dee5151, induction of ether degradation needed substrates exhibiting at least one unsubstituted calpha-methylene moiety as the main structural prerequisite. the cleavage reaction observed with anisole, phenetole, and dibenzyl ether indicates that the initial oxidation occurs at such respective calpha positions. diethyl ether-induced st ... | 2004 | 15240329 |
| isolation of rhodococcus equi from the feces of indigenous animals and soil from the lower zambezi national park and lochinvar national park, zambia. | rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen in foals; however, its incidence in african indigenous animals is poorly understood. fecal samples (92 from nine indigenous species) and 43 soil samples were collected from two zambian national parks. the presence of r. equi was investigated and 533 isolates were tested for the presence of 15- to 17-kda antigens (vapa) and a 20-kda antigen (vapb) by immunoblotting and pcr. r. equi was isolated (10(2)-10(4) colony forming units/g) from 75% of fecal and 74 ... | 2004 | 15240956 |
| biocatalytic asymmetric rearrangement of a methylene-interrupted bis-epoxide: simultaneous control of four asymmetric centers through a biomimetic reaction cascade. | asymmetric enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of methylene-interrupted bis-epoxides 1 a and 1 b catalyzed by bacterial epoxide hydrolases furnished tetrahydrofuran derivatives 2 a and 2 b through a hydrolysis-rearrangement cascade. whereas racemic bis-oxiranes 1 b-d underwent kinetic resolution with moderate stereoselectivities to yield products with up to 92 % ee and 66 % de: meso-bis-oxirane cis,cis-1 a was transformed into (6r,7r,9s,10s)-2 a in 94 % ee and 89 % de at high conversion (85 %) by rhodoc ... | 2004 | 15252793 |
| construction and application of a bovine immune-endocrine cdna microarray. | a variety of commercial dna arrays specific for humans and rodents are widely available; however, microarrays containing well-characterized genes to study pathway-specific gene expression are not as accessible for domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep and pigs. therefore, a small-scale application-targeted bovine immune-endocrine cdna array was developed to evaluate genetic pathways involved in the immune-endocrine axis of cattle during periods of altered homeostasis provoked by physiological ... | 2004 | 15261689 |
| a novel p-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101. | p-nitrophenol (4-np) is recognized as an environmental contaminant; it is used primarily for manufacturing medicines and pesticides. to date, several 4-np-degrading bacteria have been isolated; however, the genetic information remains very limited. in this study, a novel 4-np degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was identified and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of npcb, npca, and npcc showed identity with phenol 2-hydroxylase compon ... | 2004 | 15262926 |
| innate immune responses to rhodococcus equi. | we examined innate immune responses to the intracellular bacterium rhodococcus equi and show that infection of macrophages with intact bacteria induced the rapid translocation of nf-kappa b and the production of a variety of proinflammatory mediators, including tnf, il-12, and no. macrophages from mice deficient in myd88 failed to translocate nf-kappa b and produced virtually no cytokines in response to r. equi infection, implicating a tlr pathway. tlr4 was not involved in this response, because ... | 2004 | 15265925 |
| isolation and characterization of the rhodococcus opacus thiostrepton-inducible genes tipal and tipas: application for recombinant protein expression in rhodococcus. | we cloned the rhodococcus opacus (strain dsm 44193) tipa gene, which encodes two translation products, tipal and tipas. the gene products are homologous to the streptomyces spp. tipal and tipas proteins, respectively. the tipa promoter is highly active and tipas protein is predominantly accumulated in r. opacus cells when the inducer of transcription, thiostrepton, was presented in culture medium. we found that thiostrepton is also induced the expression of an endogenous tipa-family protein in r ... | 2004 | 15268935 |
| thermal equilibrium of two conformations in photosensitive nitrile hydratase probed by the ftir band of nitric oxide bound to the non-heme iron center. | nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus n-771 is a novel enzyme that is inactive in the dark due to an enodogenous nitric oxide (no) molecule bound to the non-heme iron center, and is activated by its photodissociation. ftir spectra in the no stretching region of the dark-inactive nhase were recorded in the temperature range of 270-80 k. two no peaks were observed at 1854 and 1846 cm-1 at 270 k, and both frequencies upshifted as the temperature was lowered, retaining the peak separation of 8- ... | 2004 | 15269247 |
| [degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by free and immobilized cells of rhodococcus erythropolis hl pm-1]. | degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-dnp) by the cells of rhodococcus erythropolis hl pm-1 was studied. the enzymes involved in 2,4-dnp degradation were inducible, and their resynthesis took place during the process. cell immobilization by embedding into agar gels decreased the degrader activity. maximum rates of 2,4-dnp degradation by free and immobilized cells were 10.0 and 5.4 nmol/min per mg cells, respectively. the concentration dependence of 2,4-dnp degradation was typical of substrate in ... | 2004 | 15283333 |
| [low-temperature microbial degradation of crude oil products differing in the extent of condensation]. | out of the 30 strains capable of oil degradation at 4-6 degrees c, four were selected by the ability to degrade 40% of the oil substrate present in the growth medium: rhodococcus spp. ds-07 and ds-21 and pseudomonas spp. ds-09 and ds-22. we studied the activity of these strains as degraders of oil products of various condensation degrees (crude oil, masut, petroleum oils, benzene resins and ethanol-benzene resins) at 4-6 degrees c. the maximum degrees of degradation of masut and ethanol-benzene ... | 2004 | 15283334 |
| [intensification of microbial degradation of crude oil and oil products in the presence of perfluorodecalin]. | the possibility of using perfluorinated organic compounds for growing microorganisms and degrading xenobiotics has been demonstrated for the first time with perfluorodecalin (pfd), a gas-transporting component of the blood substitute perftoran. in particular, this is promising for intensifying microbial degradation of oil and oil products and production of biodegrader biomass in synthetic mineral media. addition of pfd to a mineral medium with crude oil and masut increased 4.5-10.2 times maximum ... | 2004 | 15283335 |
| gene site saturation mutagenesis: a comprehensive mutagenesis approach. | | 2004 | 15289056 |
| comparison of yeast (candida maltosa) and bacterial (rhodococcus erythropolis) phenol hydroxylase activity and its properties in the phenolic compounds biodegradation. | aromatic contaminants of the environment, to which belongs phenol and its derivatives, are toxic and in most of the cases hard to degrade. removal of these pollutants by biological, gentle and effective way, depends on specific environmental conditions in the locality and on the biodegradation potential of the used microbial population. closer characterization of the biodegradation and enzyme mechanisms is therefore an essential assumption of the successful implementation of microbes. this paper ... | 2003 | 15296151 |
| enantioselective hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate by a strain of nocardia corynebacteroides. | the results of a screen for microbial esterases that have enantioselective activity for the hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate are described. the preliminary screen determined that a nocardioform bacterial strain, nrrl 21057, exhibited significant activity in preferentially hydrolyzing the s enantiomer of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate. molecular systematics methods identified nrrl 21057 as a strain of nocardia corynebacteroides. a survey of phylogenetically related species in the genera gordonia, rho ... | 2004 | 15297919 |
| the lysr-type transcriptional regulator virr is required for expression of the virulence gene vapa of rhodococcus equi atcc 33701. | the virulence of the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi in foals is dependent on the presence of an 81-kb virulence plasmid encoding the virulence protein vapa. expression of this protein is induced by exposure to oxidative stress, high temperatures, and low phs, which reflect the conditions encountered by r. equi when it enters the host environment. the aim of this study was to determine whether the lysr-type transcriptional regulator virr, which is encoded by the virulence plasmid, is req ... | 2004 | 15317761 |
| retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia. | the objective of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin-rifampin, clarithromycin-rifampin, and erythromycin-rifampin for the treatment of pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in foals. eighty-one foals with naturally acquired pneumonia caused by r. equi were included in the study. information on age, sex, breed, physical examination findings, laboratory testing, and thoracic radiography was abstracted from each medical record. foals were divided in 3 groups based on ... | 2004 | 15320600 |
| thermostable flavin reductase that couples with dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, from thermophilic bacillus sp. dsm411: purification, characterization, and gene cloning. | flavin reductase is essential for the oxygenases involved in microbial dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurization. an enzyme of the thermophilic strain, bacillus sp. dsm411, was selected to couple with dbt monooxygenase (dszc) from rhodococcus erythropolis d-1. the flavin reductase was purified to homogeneity from bacillus sp. dsm411, and the native enzyme was a monomer of m(r) 16 kda. although the best substrates were flavin mononucleotide and nadh, the enzyme also used other flavin compounds and a ... | 2004 | 15322355 |
| haemolytic rhodococcus equi isolated from a swine lymph node with granulomatous lesions. | rhodococcus equi is generally thought to be non-haemolytic although some earlier investigations reported minor haemolytic activity. a case of a haemolytic r. equi isolate from a swine lymph node with granulomatous lesions is described. this is a new contribution to knowledge of the cultural properties of r. equi. | 2004 | 15330986 |
| bacterial communities and enzyme activities of pahs polluted soils. | three soils (i.e. a belgian soil, b-bt, a german soil, g, and an italian agricultural soil, i-bt) with different properties and hydrocarbon-pollution history with regard to their potential to degrade phenanthrene were investigated. a chemical and microbiological evaluation of soils was done using measurements of routine chemical properties, bacterial counts and several enzyme activities. the three soils showed different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), being their contamination ... | 2004 | 15331267 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analyses of desulfurization enzyme dszb and its c27s mutant complexed with biphenyl-2-sulfinic acid. | dszb is a hydrolase involved in the biodegradation of dibenzothiophene in the soil bacterium rhodococcus sp. igts8. dszb catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinic acid to sulfite and biphenyl-2-ol. dszb and dszb c27s mutant complexed with biphenyl-2-sulfinic acid were crystallized and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analyses were conducted. the crystals of dszb were found to belong to the orthorhombic p2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 36.7, b = 82.6, c = ... | 2004 | 15333940 |