| decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to determine the decay rate of maternal antibodies against major broiler chicken pathogens. a total of 30 one-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared in isolation. these chicks were retrieved from a parent flock that received a routine vaccination program. chicks were bled at hatch and sequentially thereafter every 5 d through 30 d of age. maternal antibody titers were measured by elisa for avian encephalomyelitis (aev), avian in ... | 2013 | 23960115 |
| development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter. | to develop a chicken bioassay to detect infective viral pathogens in poultry litter and to determine the effects of type of chicken and age of exposure, as well as the effect of simulated litter transportation, on the level of viral infectivity detected. | 2013 | 23356376 |
| effects of chicken anaemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus-induced immunodeficiency on infectious bronchitis virus replication and genotypic drift. | we followed changes in a portion of the s1 gene sequence of the dominant populations of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas (ark) vaccine strain during serial passage in chickens infected with the immunosuppressive chicken anaemia virus (cav) and/or infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) as well as in immunocompetent chickens. the ibv-ark vaccine was applied ocularly and tears were collected from infected chickens for subsequent ocular inoculation in later passages. the experiment was ... | 2012 | 22897690 |
| emergence of enteric viruses in production chickens is a concern for avian health. | several viruses have been identified in recent years in the intestinal contents of chickens and turkeys with enteric problems, which have been observed in commercial farms worldwide, including brazil. molecular detection of these viruses in brazil can transform to a big threat for poultry production due to risk for intestinal integrity. this disease is characterized by severely delayed growth, low uniformity, lethargy, watery diarrhea, delayed feed consumption, and a decreased conversion rate. c ... | 2014 | 24578633 |
| role of chicken astrovirus as a causative agent of gout in commercial broilers in india. | several outbreaks of gout were reported in commercial broilers in india during 2011 and 2012, causing up to 40% mortality in the birds. gross and histopathological observations confirmed gout. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) analysis from kidney samples of gout-affected birds indicated the presence of chicken astrovirus (castv) in 41.7% of cases and a mixed infection of castv and avian nephritis virus (anv) in 36.4% of cases. castv isolated from gout-affect ... | 2013 | 24015918 |
| bacmam virus-based surface display of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 glycoprotein confers strong protection against virulent ibv challenge in chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is associated with production inefficiencies in domestic fowl, and causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. progress has been made in designing novel and efficient candidate vaccines to control ibv infection. bacmam virus, a modified baculovirus mediating transgene expression under the control of a mammalian promoter, has emerged as a versatile and safe vector during vaccine development. in previous work, we generated the bacmam vi ... | 2014 | 24342247 |
| characterization of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus dmv/1639/11 recovered from delmarva broiler chickens in 2011. | a limited outbreak of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis (nib) occurred in three delmarva (dmv) commercial broiler chicken flocks in 2011. isolates of nib virus (nibv)--dmv/1639/11, dmv/3432/11, and dmv/3902/11--were characterized by sequence analysis of the n-terminal subunit (s1) of the spike (s) gene. findings indicated that the isolates were identical to each other and to pa/9579a/10, a 2010 isolate from poultry in pennsylvania. the 2010 and 2011 isolates appear to have originated from a ... | 2013 | 23678731 |
| gexp analyzer-based multiplex reverse-transcription pcr assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of eleven duck viruses. | duck viral pathogens primarily include the avian influenza virus (aiv) subtypes h5, h7, and h9; duck hepatitis virus (dhv); duck tembusu virus (dtmuv); egg drop syndrome virus (edsv); duck enteritis virus (dev); newcastle disease virus (ndv); duck circovirus (ducv); muscovy duck reovirus (mdrv); and muscovy duck parvovirus (mdpv). these pathogens cause great economic losses to china's duck breeding industry. | 2015 | 26518004 |
| development and application of nsp5-elisa for the detection of antibody to infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) continues to be one of the most important poultry pathogens worldwide. the current commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kits for ibv specific antibody detection are mostly based on the whole virion, and few serological tests based on nonstructural proteins of ibv have been developed. herein, an alternative indirect elisa for detection of ibv antibody was developed with ibv nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) produced by escherichia coli. u ... | 2017 | 28223026 |
| development of an elisa based on a multi-fragment antigen of infectious bronchitis virus for antibodies detection. | to develop a cost-effective elisa for detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by using a multi-fragment protein as coating antigen. | 2015 | 26272397 |
| pathomorphological studies of polyserositis in commercial caged layer chicken. | to detect etiological agents and pathological changes associated with polyserositis in commercial layer chicken. | 2014 | 25312143 |
| development of fpv140 antigen-specific elisa differentiating fowlpox virus isolates from all other viral pathogens of avian origin. | the fpv140 gene encodes an envelope protein of fowlpox virus (fpv). in this study, the fpv140 gene of fpv chinese isolate hh2008 was cloned and the comparison of its sequence with other fpv isolates showed it to be highly conserved across all fpv isolates. a recombinant plasmid pet-fpv140 carrying fpv140 gene was constructed and transformed into escherichia coli. the optimal expression condition for the fpv140 gene was developed and purified fpv140 recombinant protein was used to produce rabbit ... | 2012 | 22991535 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) from avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a member of the group iii coronaviruses, which differ from the other groups of coronaviruses in that they do not encode the essential pathogenic factor nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) and instead start with nsp2. ibv nsp2 is one of the first replicase proteins to be translated and processed in the viral life cycle; however, it has an entirely unknown function. in order to better understand the structural details and functional mechanism of ibv nsp2, the ... | 2012 | 22684079 |
| effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on colibacillosis lesions in broilers after infectious bronchitis virus and subsequent escherichia coli infection. | in case of persistent and sterile inflammation, anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered as first choice treatment instead of antibiotics. | 2012 | 22475186 |
| immune responses to mucosal vaccination by the recombinant a1 and n proteins of infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is prevented primarily by the use of live attenuated vaccines, which are known to have a limited strain range of protection. alternative vaccines against the emerging new virus strains can improve control of the disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenic potential of two recombinant viral proteins, when administered by eyedrop, without the assistance of a vector. the recombinant s1 (rs1) and n (rn) proteins of the m41 strain expressed in e. c ... | 2012 | 22225471 |
| a survey for selected avian viral pathogens in backyard chicken farms in finland. | backyard poultry are regaining popularity in europe and increased interest in the health and management of non-commercial farms has resulted. furthermore, commercial poultry farm owners have become concerned about the risk represented by contagious avian diseases that nearby backyard poultry could transmit. fifty-one voluntary backyard chicken farms were visited between october 2012 and january 2013. blood samples and individual cloacal swabs were collected from 457 chickens. in 44 farms (86%), ... | 2017 | 27624642 |
| accurate detection of avian respiratory viruses by use of multiplex pcr-based luminex suspension microarray assay. | a novel oligonucleotide suspension microarray (luminex microsphere system) was developed for the rapid detection of avian respiratory viruses of major clinical importance. this test was optimized and validated with 70 clinical samples. the developed tool was accurate for high-throughput detection and differentiation of the most important avian respiratory viruses: avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infection bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus ... | 2016 | 27558184 |
| [development of a gexp assay for simultaneous differentiation of six chicken respiratory viruses]. | a gexp based multiplex pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including h5, h7, h9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(aiv), new castle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus(ibv) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(iltv). according to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. the specificity and accuracy of gexp were examined using sa ... | 2013 | 23905467 |
| immune responses to infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), an alphaherpesvirus. despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ilt continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. this review examines the cu ... | 2013 | 23567343 |
| fine level epitope mapping and conservation analysis of two novel linear b-cell epitopes of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. | the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) may play an essential role in the replication and translation of viral rna. the n protein can also induce high titers of cross-reactive antibodies and cell-mediated immunity, which protects chickens from acute infection. in this study, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated as 6d10 and 4f10, which were directed against the n protein of ibv using the whole viral particles as immunogens. both of the mabs do no ... | 2013 | 23123213 |
| impacts of poultry vaccination on viruses of wild bird. | spillover of viruses from farmed poultry into wild birds is a relatively new area of study at the livestock-wildlife interface. these transmission events can threaten the health of wild birds. there is growing evidence of transmission of vaccine viruses from poultry to wild birds, including attenuated vaccine strains of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus, and also spread of virulent viruses that may have evolved under the pressure of vaccine use, such as marek's disease viru ... | 2016 | 27359320 |
| application of a new bivalent marek's disease vaccine does not interfere with infectious bronchitis or newcastle disease vaccinations and proves efficacious. | a possible interference after marek's disease (md) vaccination using an experimental bivalent vaccine, consisting of a redesigned cvi-988/rispens-type mdv-1 strain and herpesvirus of turkeys, with vaccination against infectious bronchitis (ib) virus (ibv) or newcastle disease (nd) virus (ndv) was examined. day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were concomitantly vaccinated with the bivalent md vaccine (either intramuscularly or subcutaneously) and with commercially available vaccines against nd ... | 2013 | 23901767 |
| protection conferred by a recombinant marek's disease virus that expresses the spike protein from infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen-free chicken. | in many countries, the predominant field isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have been classified as qx-like strains since 1996. however, no commercial vaccines that are specific for this type of ibv are currently available. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines that prevent qx-like ibv infection. | 2012 | 22559869 |
| single nucleoprotein residue determines influenza a virus sensitivity to an intertypic suppression mechanism. | several mechanisms underlying intertypic interference between co-infecting influenza types a and b viruses (iav and ibv) have been proposed. we have recently described one in which ibv's nucleoprotein (bnp) sequestered iav's nucleoprotein (anp) and suppressed iav polymerase and growth. however, its anti-iav capacity and limitations have not been fully explored. here, we showed that bnp's inhibitory effect was more potent toward a wide array of avian iavs, whereas human iavs revealed moderate res ... | 2017 | 28371631 |
| [child and adolescent interepydemic immunity to influenza viruses]. | our aim was to evaluate the child and adolescent population immunity to influenza a viruses (iav) and influenza b virus (ibv). | 2015 | 26495719 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fusion proteins containing spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus and hemagglutinin of h3n2 influenza virus in chickens. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens and vaccination is the main method for disease control. the s1 protein, which contains several virus neutralization epitopes, is considered to be a target site of vaccine development. however, although protective immune responses could be induced by recombinant s1 protein, the protection rate in chickens was still low (<50%). here, we generated fused s1 proteins with ha2 protein (rs1-ha2) or transm ... | 2016 | 27497621 |
| exploration of the bf2*15 major histocompatibility complex class i binding motif and identification of cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes from the h5n1 influenza virus nucleoprotein in chickens. | the binding motif of bf2*15 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i was explored by analyzing the interaction between an infectious bronchitis virus octapeptide and bf2*15, and the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope from the nucleoprotein (np) of h5n1 virus was identified using experimental methods. computational methods, including homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular docking analysis, were used. the recombinant plasmid pcaggs-np was constructed, and np expres ... | 2016 | 27518404 |
| prevalence of avian respiratory viruses in broiler flocks in egypt. | in this study, respiratory viral pathogens were screened using real-time rt-pcr in 86 broiler chicken flocks suffering from respiratory diseases problems in 4 egyptian governorates between january 2012 and february 2014. the mortality rates in the investigated flocks ranged from 1 to 47%. results showed that mixed infection represented 66.3% of the examined flocks. mixed infectious bronchitis (ibv) and avian influenza (ai)-h9n2 viruses were the most common infection (41.7%). lack of ai-h9n2 vacc ... | 2016 | 26976895 |
| an impedance immunosensor based on low-cost microelectrodes and specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of avian influenza virus h5n1 in chicken swabs. | early screening of suspected cases is the key to control the spread of avian influenza (ai) h5n1. in our previous studies, an impedance biosensor with an interdigitated array microelectrode based biochip was developed and validated with pure ai h5 virus, but had limitations in cost and reliability of the biochip, specificity of the antibody against asian in-field h5n1 virus and detection of h5n1 virus in real samples. the purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost impedance immunosensor for ... | 2015 | 25263315 |
| burden of respiratory tract infections among paediatric in and out-patient units during 2010-11. | respiratory tract infections due to viral etiology were studied with an objective to identify and compare the pathogens between hospital indoor and outdoor units. | 2013 | 23609364 |
| development of an alternative modified live influenza b virus vaccine. | influenza b virus (ibv) is considered a major human pathogen, responsible for seasonal epidemics of acute respiratory illness. two antigenically distinct ibv ha lineages co-circulate worldwide with little cross-reactivity between each other. live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (laiv) have been shown to provide improved cross-protective immune responses compared to inactivated vaccines by eliciting local mucosal immunity and systemic b cell and t cell-mediated memory responses. we have previ ... | 2017 | 28381580 |
| new oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian viral diseases. | we developed a new oligonucleotide microarray comprising 16 identical subarrays for simultaneous rapid detection of avian viruses: avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infection bronchitis virus (ibv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in single- and mixed-virus infections. the objective of the study was to develop an oligonucleotide microarray for rapid diagnosis of avian diseases that would be used in the course of mass analysis for routine epidemiological surve ... | 2017 | 28381285 |
| recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing the infectious bronchitis virus s1 gene protects chickens against newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus challenge. | the recombinant lasota strain expressing a chimeric ibv s1 gene (rlasota-s1) was constructed with the s1 gene of the lx4 type ibv ck/ch/ldl/091022. the expression of the s1 protein was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. the rlasota-s1 strain was slightly attenuated, and its growth dynamics were similar to that of the parental lasota strain. vaccination of specific pathogen-free chickens with the rlasota-s1 strain induced ndv hemagglutination inhibition antibod ... | 2017 | 28342665 |
| new real time and conventional rt-pcrs for updated molecular diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection (ibv) in chickens in egypt associated with frequent co-infections with avian influenza and newcastle disease viruses. | in egypt, currently two geographically restricted genotypes of the infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) are circulating with detrimental effects for poultry industry. a sensitive real-time rt-pcr assay targeting the ibv nucleocapsid gene (n) was developed to screen clinical samples for presence of ibv. conventional rt-pcrs amplifying hypervariable regions (hvrs 1-2 and 3) of the ibv s1 gene were developed and amplificates used for nucleotide sequence-based typing of ibv field strains in egypt ... | 2017 | 28336367 |
| the papain-like protease of avian infectious bronchitis virus has deubiquitinating activity. | coronavirus papain-like proteases (plps) can act as proteases that process virus-encoded large replicase polyproteins and also as deubiquitinating (dub) enzymes. like the plps of other coronaviruses (covs), the avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) plp catalyzes proteolysis of gly-gly dipeptide bonds to release mature cleavage products. however, the other functions of the ibv plp are not well understood. in this study, we found that ibv exhibits strong global dub activity with significant redu ... | 2017 | 28316013 |
| minimum infectious dose determination of the arkansas delmarva poultry industry infectious bronchitis virus vaccine delivered by hatchery spray cabinet. | the arkansas delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi) infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine is effective when administered by eye drop, where the vaccine virus is able to infect and replicate well in birds and is able to induce protection against homologous challenge. however, accumulating evidence indicates that the arkdpi vaccine is ineffective when applied by hatchery spray cabinet using the same manufacturer-recommended dose per bird. for this study, we aimed to determine the minimum infectiou ... | 2017 | 28301234 |
| structural basis for dimerization and rna binding of avian infectious bronchitis virus nsp9. | the potential for infection by coronaviruses (covs) has become a serious concern with the recent emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in the human population. covs encode two large polyproteins, which are then processed into 15-16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) that make significant contributions to viral replication and transcription by assembling the rna replicase complex. among them, nsp9 plays an essential role in viral replication ... | 2017 | 28257598 |
| heat shock protein 70 in lung and kidney of specific-pathogen-free chickens is a receptor-associated protein that interacts with the binding domain of the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a member of the family coronaviridae. a binding domain that mediates the attachment of the virus to its receptor has been identified in the s1 protein of prototype ibv strain m41. in this study, we identified this binding domain in a different strain, as well as the cellular proteins that interact with it. first, we expressed the s1n proteins (residues 19-270) of m41 and another isolate, sczj3, and compared the binding capacities of recombinant s1n-m41 ... | 2017 | 28224252 |
| early immune responses and development of pathogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis viruses with different virulence profiles. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) primarily replicates in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract of chickens, inducing both morphological and immune modulatory changes. however, the association between the local immune responses induced by ibv and the mechanisms of pathogenesis has not yet been completely elucidated. this study compared the expression profile of genes related to immune responses in tracheal samples after challenge with two brazilian field isolates (a and b) of ibv ... | 2017 | 28199419 |
| prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken farms in south of iraq, 2014 - 2015. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by a gammacoronavirus, is an oie-listed (list b) disease and characterized by respiratory and renal involvements, causing high mortality, and economic loss in both layers and broilers. in comparison with other diagnostic methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and conventional rt-pcr are potent, more sensitive and faster techniques for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) detection. this research was conducted to detect ibv using specific prime ... | 2016 | 28144423 |
| comparative genomics of qx-like infectious bronchitis viruses in korea. | to minimize the spread of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), domestic fowl have been extensively vaccinated with the km91 strain. however, various ibv qx-like virus strains have become increasingly prevalent in korea. we conducted comparative genomic analyses of seven qx-like viruses: early viruses (n = 2), new cluster 1 (nc1; recombinants of km91 and the early qx-like viruses, n = 3) and recurrent viruses (n = 2), to understand their genomic backgrounds. the early and nc1 viruses had km91-like ... | 2017 | 28116527 |
| identification of a novel recombinant virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the emergence of new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) variants is often disastrous in the poultry industry. in this study, an ibv, ck/ch/2010/jt-1, was isolated from an h120- and 4/91-ibv-vaccinated flock in china. antisera against vaccine strains h120 and 4/91 could not provide effective protection against ck/ch/2010/jt-1 in virus neutralization assays. ck/ch/2010/jt-1 could cause 43.75% mortality with respiratory and severe renal lesions in inoculated chickens. phylogenetic analysis of the s1 ... | 2017 | 28110778 |
| the relationship between liver-kidney impairment and viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in embryonic chickens. | to examine the relationship of impairments of the liver and kidney with viral load after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv) infection in embryonic chickens, 120 specific-pathogen-free leghorn embryonated chicken eggs were randomly divided into two groups (infected and control), with three replicates per group and 20 eggs in each replicate. the eggs in the infected and control groups were challenged with 0.2 ml of 10(5.5) eld50 nibv and sterile saline solution, respectively. the ... | 2017 | 28108730 |
| a broadly protective therapeutic antibody against influenza b virus with two mechanisms of action. | influenza b virus (ibv) causes annual influenza epidemics around the world. here we use an in vivo plasmablast enrichment technique to isolate a human monoclonal antibody, 46b8 that neutralizes all ibvs tested in vitro and protects mice against lethal challenge of all ibvs tested when administered 72 h post infection. 46b8 demonstrates a superior therapeutic benefit over tamiflu and has an additive antiviral effect in combination with tamiflu. 46b8 binds to a conserved epitope in the vestigial e ... | 2017 | 28102191 |
| vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus: a continuous challenge. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a significant respiratory pathogen of commercial poultry that causes millions of dollars in lost revenue worldwide each year. even though the poultry industry extensively vaccinates against ibv, emergence of new serotypes and variants continually occur, making control of the disease difficult. current mass application strategies for ibv vaccines are inefficient and frequently result in vaccination failures. novel vaccine technology development has been slow, ... | 2017 | 28081857 |
| the important role of lipid raft-mediated attachment in the infection of cultured cells by coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus beaudette strain. | lipid raft is an important element for the cellular entry of some viruses, including coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). however, the exact role of lipid rafts in the cellular membrane during the entry of ibv into host cells is still unknown. in this study, we biochemically fractionated ibv-infected cells via sucrose density gradient centrifugation after depleting plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or mevastatin. our results demonstrated that unlike ibv non-structu ... | 2017 | 28081264 |
| origin and evolution of lx4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | we investigated the genomic characteristics of 110 lx4 genotype strains of infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs) isolated between 1995 and 2005 in china. the genome of these ibvs varies in size from 27596bp to 27790bp. most ibv strains have the typical genomic organization of other gamacoronaviruses, however, two strains lacked 3a and 5b genes as a result of a nucleotide change within the start codon in the 3a or 5b genes. analysis of our 110 viruses revealed that recombination events may be resp ... | 2017 | 28062013 |
| identification and molecular characterization of a novel serotype infectious bronchitis virus (gi-28) in china. | avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) is a major poultry pathogen. a characteristic feature of ibv is the occurrence of many different strains belonging to different serotypes, which renders complete control of the disease by vaccination a challenging task due to the poor cross-protection between different serotypes. in this study, based on the results of s1 sequence analysis and virus cross-neutralization tests, ibv strain ck/ch/lgx/111119 was found to be genetically and antigenically d ... | 2017 | 28062000 |
| channel-inactivating mutations and their revertant mutants in the envelope protein of infectious bronchitis virus. | it has been shown previously in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) that two point mutations, n15a and v25f, in the transmembrane domain (tmd) of the envelope (e) protein abolished channel activity and led to in vivo attenuation. pathogenicity was recovered in mutants that also regained e protein channel activity. in particular, v25f was rapidly compensated by changes at multiple v25f-facing tmd residues located on a neighboring monomer, consistent with a recovery of oli ... | 2017 | 27974570 |
| pathogenicity characteristics of an iranian variant-2 (is-1494) like infectious bronchitis virus in experimentally infected spf chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a major cause of economic loss to the poultry industry. ib virus primarily affects respiratory tract, but strains differ in their tropism for such other target organs as kidneys and alimentary tract. the objective of this study was to estimate the pathogenicity of an iranian ib virus (ibv) variant (variant-2) which is one of the most prevalent isolates circulating in iranian poultry farms. spf chickens were intranasally inoculated with 104 eid50/0.1 ml of the ... | 2017 | 27928919 |
| infectious bronchitis vaccine virus detection and part-s1 genetic variation following single or dual inoculation in broiler chicks. | an investigation was undertaken of the extent of genetic variation occurring within infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine strains following vaccination of day-old broiler chicks. chicks were divided into seven groups, with two groups receiving single massachusetts (mass) vaccinations and the other four were inoculated with combinations of different ibv serotypes; mass, 793b, d274, and arkansas (ark). the remaining group was maintained as an unvaccinated control. following vaccination, swabs ... | 2016 | 27917677 |
| genetic mutations in live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses following single or dual in vitro infection of tracheal organ cultures. | despite regular co-vaccination of two different strains of live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses, little is known about possible mutations in these viruses following vaccination. as an alternative to chicks, this study used an in vitro infection model to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within the part-s1 gene of two live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains (793b and massachusetts) following single or dual inoculation onto tracheal organ cultures. results indicate tha ... | 2016 | 27902312 |
| insights from molecular structure predictions of the infectious bronchitis virus s1 spike glycoprotein. | infectious bronchitis virus is an important respiratory pathogen in chickens. the ibv s1 spike is a viral structural protein that is responsible for attachment to host receptors and is a major target for neutralizing antibodies. to date, there is no experimentally determined structure for the ibv s1 spike. in this study, we sought to find a predicted tertiary structure for ibv s1 using i-tasser, which is an automated homology modeling platform. we found that the predicted structures obtained wer ... | 2016 | 27836775 |
| pathogenicity of a tw-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus and evaluation of the protection induced against it by a qx-like strain. | avian infectious bronchitis, a highly contagious disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry. new ibv tw-like strains have increasingly emerged in china in recent years; hence, evaluating their pathogenicity and developing a specific vaccine to guard against their potential threat to the poultry industry is important. here, we examined the pathogenicity of a tw-like ibv strain (gd), and evaluated the protective efficac ... | 2016 | 27803698 |
| full genome sequence analysis of a newly emerged qx-like infectious bronchitis virus from sudan reveals distinct spots of recombination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection continues to cause economically important diseases in poultry while different geno- and serotypes continue to circulate globally. two infectious bronchitis viruses (ibv) were isolated from chickens with respiratory disease in sudan. sequence analysis of the hypervariable regions of the s1 gene revealed a close relation to the qx-like genotype which has not been detected in sudan before. whole genome analysis of ibv/ck/sudan/ar251-15/2014 isolate by nex ... | 2016 | 27793730 |
| small interfering rna expression inhibits avian infectious bronchitis virus replication and inflammatory response. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a major cause of poor weight gain and mortality among chicks. | 2016 | 26835751 |
| effect of different vaccination strategies on ibv qx population dynamics and clinical outbreaks. | the extreme variability and rapid evolution of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has always represented the key challenge for its control because of the limited cross-protection among different strains. several experimental trials have proven a broadening of the protection spectrum when animals are vaccinated with multiple genotypes. nevertheless, the conditions of vaccine administration in field are so different that the generalization of experimental results is, at least, questionable. in the ... | 2016 | 27670071 |
| a novel variant of the infectious bronchitis virus resulting from recombination events in italy and spain. | infectious bronchitis is considered to be one of the most devastating diseases in poultry. control of its spread is typically attempted through biosecurity measures and extensive vaccination. however, the remarkable genetic and antigenic variability of the virus, which originate from both mutations and recombination events, represents an unsolved challenge for this disease. the present study reports on the emergence and spread of recombinant clusters detected in italy and spain between 2012 and ... | 2017 | 27329854 |
| phylogenetic and antigenic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in southwestern china, 2012-2016. | the aim of this study was to decipher the molecular epidemiological and antigenic characteristics of infectious bronchitis virus strains (ibvs) isolated in recent years in southwestern china. a total of 24 field strains were isolated from diseased chickens between 2012 and 2016. phylogenetic analysis based on s1 nucleotide sequences showed that 16 of the 24 isolates were clustered into four distinct genotypes: qx (37.5%), tw (16.7%, twi and twii), mass (8.3%), and j2 (4.2%). the qx genotype was ... | 2016 | 27530216 |
| protection of chickens vaccinated with combinations of commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines containing massachusetts, dutch and qx-like serotypes against challenge with virulent infectious bronchitis viruses 793b and is/1494/06 israel variant 2. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus which affects chickens of all ages. ibv mainly causes respiratory disease but can also result in reduced weight gain, reduced egg production, increased frequency of abnormal eggs and increased rates of mortality. vaccination is the most important way to control the disease. nevertheless, novel strains of infectious bronchitis (ib) continue to emerge in the field. in order to respond promptly, combinations of existing ib vaccines are frequently t ... | 2017 | 27400065 |
| prediction and in silico identification of novel b-cells and t-cells epitopes in the s1-spike glycoprotein of m41 and cr88 (793/b) infectious bronchitis virus serotypes for application in peptide vaccines. | bioinformatic analysis was used to predict antigenic b-cell and t-cell epitopes within the s1 glycoprotein of m41 and cr88 ibv strains. a conserved linear b-cell epitope peptide, ytsnettdvts(175-185), was identified in m41 ibv strains while three such epitopes types namely, vsnaspnsggvd(279-290), hpkcnfrpeni(328-338), and netnnagsvsdctagt(54-69), were predicted in cr88 ibv strains. analysis of mhci binding peptides in m41 ibv strains revealed the presence of 15 antigenic peptides out of which 12 ... | 2016 | 27667997 |
| infectious bronchitis virus poly-epitope-based vaccine protects chickens from acute infection. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes major losses in the poultry industry. the safe and effective vaccine to control ibv spread is imperative. in the present study, we developed ibv s1 glycoprotein poly-epitope-based dna vaccine pv-s1b+s1t consisting of sh1208 and holte strain bf2-restricted t cell epitopes and australian t strain dominant b cell neutralization epitopes. specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with pv-s1b+s1t and control plasmids twice to elicit strong humoral and ce ... | 2016 | 27665355 |
| selection of reference genes for gene expression analysis by real-time qpcr in avian cells infected with infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes infectious bronchitis in poultry, a respiratory disease that is a source of major economic loss to the poultry industry. detection and the study of the molecular pathogenesis of the virus often involve the use of real-time quantitative pcr assays (qpcr). to account for error within the experiments, the levels of target gene transcription are normalized to that of suitable reference genes. despite publication of the miqe (minimum information for publicatio ... | 2017 | 27624876 |
| polymorphisms in the s1 spike glycoprotein of arkansas-type infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) show differential binding to host tissues and altered antigenicity. | sequencing avian infectious bronchitis virus spike genes re-isolated from vaccinated chicks revealed that many sequence changes are found on the s1 spike gene. in the arkdpi strain, y43h and ∆344 are the two most common changes observed. this study aims to examine the roles of y43h and ∆344 in selection in vivo. using recombinant arkdpi s1 proteins, we conducted binding assays on chicken tracheas and embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (cam). protein histochemistry showed that the y43h change all ... | 2016 | 27619927 |
| gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus in quail. | this paper expands on a previous report about coronaviruses in quail. after surveillance carried out in 2009 and 2010, some farmers started vaccinating quail with the massachusetts avian infectious bronchitis virus serotype. the samples for this study were collected in 2013 from são paulo state in southeastern brazil. pools of trachea, lungs, reproductive tract, kidneys, and enteric contents from quail and laying hens kept in the same farms and from quail-only farms as well as from both healthy ... | 2016 | 27610726 |
| the sequence of the full spike s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus circulating in egypt reveals evidence of intra-genotypic recombination. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) continues to circulate worldwide, with a significant impact on the poultry industry and affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated flocks. several studies have focused on the hypervariable regions (hvrs) of the spike gene (s1); however, genetic and bioinformatics studies of the whole s1 gene are limited. in this study, the whole s1 gene of five egyptian ibvs was genetically analyzed. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the egyptian ibvs are clustered within two ... | 2016 | 27604121 |
| pathogenicity of virulent infectious bronchitis virus isolate yn on hen ovary and oviduct. | avian infectious bronchitis is an economically important poultry disease caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). ibv isolate yn is a virulent strain, which is genetically similar to most of the prevalent strains in china. in this study, 21-day-old commercial laying hens were infected with ibv strain yn. the damaging effects of the virus on the reproductive organs were evaluated with clinical observations, gross autopsy and histopathological examinations during the 100-day monitoring p ... | 2016 | 27599936 |
| blood biochemistry and immune response in aseel chicken under free range, semi-intensive, and confinement rearing systems. | a study was conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different rearing systems [free range ( fr: ), semi-intensive ( si: ), and confinement ( cf: )] on blood biochemical profile and immune response in 4 varieties of aseel chicken [lakha ( lk: ), mushki ( ms: ), peshawari ( pw: ) and sindhi ( sn: )] for 10 wk duration (7 to 16 wk). at the age of 6 wk, in total, 180 cockerels were assigned to 12 treatment groups, 3 (rearing system) × 4 (aseel chicken variety) factorial arrangement in 7 randomized ... | 2017 | 27591273 |
| distribution of infectious bronchitis virus strains in different organs and evidence of vertical transmission in natural infection. | on the basis of partial sequencing of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) s1 gene, this study investigated the molecular diversity of the virus in two life periods of a batch of breeding hens at the field level. the chicks were vaccinated against ibv on the second day of life with the vaccine ma5, but at the age of 18 days, they exhibited clinical signs and macroscopic lesions compatible with avian infectious bronchitis (ib). in the clinical disease stage, the ma5 vaccine strain was detected i ... | 2016 | 27586414 |
| full-length genome sequencing analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate associated with nephropathogenic infection. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) produces infectious bronchitis (ib) disease in poultry worldwide. in spite of proper vaccinations against the ibv, new ibv strains are continually emerging worldwide. in this study, a new highly virulent nephropathogenic ibv strain named ck/ch/xdc-2/2013 was identified from a vaccinated flock with clinical signs of ib in the jiangsu province of china. the full-length genome sequence of the isolate was 27,714 nucleotides long, and the genome was organized similar ... | 2016 | 27566728 |
| genotyping and pathotyping of diversified strains of infectious bronchitis viruses circulating in egypt. | to characterize the circulating infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains in egypt depending on the sequence of the spike-1 (s1) gene [hypervariable region-3 (hvr-3)] and to study the pathotypic features of these strains. | 2016 | 27563538 |
| the establishment and characteristics of cell-adapted ibv strain h120. | avian infectious bronchitis virus is an important pathogen in poultry worldwide. vaccination is the only effective way to prevent and control ibv infection. h120, one of the safest vaccine strains, which has been used worldwide as a primary vaccine, cannot adapt to passaged cells, which severely restricts the quality of the vaccine. based on the reverse genetics of our previous research work, we constructed the recombinant r-h120-beaudette-p65(s) strain by replacing the complete spike gene of h1 ... | 2016 | 27558123 |
| the effect of allium sativum (garlic) extract on infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free embryonic egg. | garlic is a plant has been used as a flavor, and anti-microbial and anti-diarrheal agent. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is a coronavirus. the available vaccines against ibv cannot cover new variants. this study evaluated the inhibitory effects of garlic extract on ibv. | 2017 | 27516987 |
| long-term detection of seasonal influenza rna in faeces and intestine. | some cases of seasonal influenza virus (human influenza a virus (iav)/human influenza b virus (ibv)) are associated with abdominal symptoms. although virus rna has been detected in faeces, intestinal infection has not been clearly demonstrated. we aimed to provide evidence that iav/ibv infects the human intestine. this prospective observational study measured virus rna in faecal and sputum samples from 22 patients infected with iav/ibv (19 iav positive and three ibv positive). nineteen patients ... | 2016 | 27424942 |
| productive replication of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus in peripheral blood monocytic cells, a strategy for viral dissemination and kidney infection in chickens. | in the present study, the replication kinetics of nephropathogenic (b1648) and respiratory (massachusetts-m41) ibv strains were compared in vitro in respiratory mucosa explants and blood monocytes (kul01(+) cells), and in vivo in chickens to understand why some ibv strains have a kidney tropism. b1648 was replicating somewhat better than m41 in the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa explants and used more kul01(+) cells to penetrate the deeper layers of the respiratory tract. b1648 was product ... | 2016 | 27412035 |
| [the isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus ptfy strain in muscovy ducks]. | in july 2009, some farms of breeding muscovy ducks on the peak of egg laying suffered the decrease of hatching rate and the quality of the eggs showing low mortality and no evident respiratory symptoms. the swelling and congestive ovary was visible after autopsy. this study was brought out for the diagnosis of these cases. the virus was isolated and identified by the methods of virus culture in chicken embryo, physical and chemical properties test, hemagglutinin test, ndv (newcastle diseases vir ... | 2016 | 27396165 |
| tmprss2 independency for haemagglutinin cleavage in vivo differentiates influenza b virus from influenza a virus. | influenza a and b viruses show clear differences in their host specificity and pandemic potential. recent studies have revealed that the host protease tmprss2 plays an essential role for proteolytic activation of h1, h3, and h7 subtype strains of influenza a virus (iav) in vivo. iav possessing a monobasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin (ha) protein replicates poorly in tmprss2 knockout mice owing to insufficient ha cleavage. in the present study, human isolates of influenza b virus (ibv) st ... | 2016 | 27389476 |
| serotype, antigenicity, and pathogenicity of a naturally recombinant tw i genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in china. | since 2009, strains of the naturally recombinant tw i genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) have caused considerable damage to the chinese poultry industry. to better understand the antigenicity and pathogenesis of this genotype, the characteristics of the ck/ch/ldl/140520 strain were compared to those of four commercial ib vaccine strains that are used commonly in china, as well as four attenuated viruses that represent two types of ibv strains, which are believed to have originated in ... | 2016 | 27374900 |
| pathogenesis of renal lesions in chickens after experimental infection with 9a5b newcastle disease virus mutant isolate. | in this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of newcastle disease virus (ndv) in the chicken kidney. twenty-six 32-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were intranasally inoculated with the 9a5b ndv mutant isolate. kidney tissue samples, collected at 6 and 12 hours postinoculation (hpi) and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 days postinoculation (dpi), were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (ihc), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and virus titration. histopathologic ... | 2017 | 27371537 |
| promoter structures and differential responses to viral and non-viral inducers of chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is a member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptors (rlrs) family and plays a pivotal role in the anti-viral innate immune response. as rig-i is absent in chickens, mda5 is hypothesized to be important in detecting viral nucleic acids in the cytoplasm. however, the molecular mechanism of the regulation of chicken mda5 (chmda5) expression has yet to be fully elucidated. with this in mind, a ∼2.5kb chmda5 gene promoter region w ... | 2016 | 27327127 |
| a coronavirus associated with runting stunting syndrome in broiler chickens. | runting stunting syndrome (rss) is a disease condition that affects broilers and causes impaired growth and poor feed conversion because of enteritis characterized by pale and distended small intestines with watery contents. the etiology of the disease is multifactorial, and a large variety of viral agents have been implicated. here we describe the detection and isolation of an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) -like coronavirus from the intestines of a flock of 60,000 14-day-old brown/red broil ... | 2016 | 27309300 |
| variability assessment of california infectious bronchitis virus variants. | on the basis of the data from the california animal health and food safety laboratory system, 1444 infectious bronchitis (ib) cases were diagnosed between 1997 and 2012. epidemiologic analyses demonstrated two major ib virus (ibv) outbreak peaks, affecting mainly 35-to-49-day-old broiler chickens. california variant 1737 (ca1737) and california variant 1999 (cal 99) ibv types were the most prevalent genotypes during the analyzed period. to further understand the increased prevalence of these gen ... | 2016 | 27309282 |
| kidney cell-adapted infectious bronchitis virus arkansas delmarva poultry industry vaccine confers effective protection against challenge. | we previously demonstrated that adaptation of an embryo-attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) arkansas delmarva poultry industry (arkdpi)-derived vaccine to chicken embryo kidney (cek) cells shifted the virus population towards homogeneity in spike (s) and nonstructural protein genes. moreover, the typical ark vaccine subpopulations emerging in chickens vaccinated with commercial ark vaccines were not detected in chickens vaccinated with the cek-adapted virus. in this study, chickens vacc ... | 2016 | 27309281 |
| infectious bronchitis coronavirus limits interferon production by inducing a host shutoff that requires accessory protein 5b. | during infection of their host cells, viruses often inhibit the production of host proteins, a process that is referred to as host shutoff. by doing this, viruses limit the production of antiviral proteins and increase production capacity for viral proteins. coronaviruses from the genera alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), establish host shutoff via their nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1). the gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus ... | 2016 | 27279618 |
| assessment of pathogenicity and tissue distribution of infectious bronchitis virus strains (italy 02 genotype) isolated from moroccan broiler chickens. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the most important viral diseases of poultry, affecting chickens of all ages and causing major economic losses in poultry flocks. mass vaccination is conducted in morocco using a vaccine against massachusetts, which is the most dominant serotype; however no information about the pathogenesis and tissue distribution of the moroccan italy 02 genotype was reported. 40 one-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were divided randomly into four groups. group ... | 2016 | 27277076 |
| the proteome of the infectious bronchitis virus beau-r virion. | infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). it was thought that coronavirus virions were composed of three major viral structural proteins until investigations of other coronaviruses showed that the virions also include viral non-structural and genus-specific accessory proteins as well as host-cell proteins. to study the proteome of ibv virions, virus was grown in embryonated chicken eggs, purified by su ... | 2015 | 27257648 |
| development of rt-qpcr assays for the specific identification of two major genotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (gammacoronavirus, coronaviridae) is a genetically variable rna virus (27.6kb) that causes one of the most persistent respiratory disease in poultry. the virus is classified in genotypes with different epidemiological relevance and clinical implications. the present study reports the development and validation of specific rt-qpcr assays for the detection of two major ibv genotypes: south america i (sai) and asia/south america ii (a/saii). the sai genotype is an exclus ... | 2016 | 27181213 |
| isolation of a novel serotype strain of infectious bronchitis virus zz2004 from ducks in china. | in chickens, the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) often causes respiratory distress, a decrease in egg production, poor egg quality, and occasional nephritis. however, zz2004, a chinese isolate of ibv, was obtained from ducks with clinical growth suppression and mild respiratory symptoms that had been reared with chickens in the central region of china. virus isolation, virus neutralization testing, and rt-pcr were employed to identify the causative pathogen, while sequence alignment was used t ... | 2016 | 27164844 |
| infectious bronchitis virus and brown shell colour: australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus affect brown eggshell colour in commercial laying hens differently. | the aim of the current study was to assess any effect of wild and vaccine australian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains on shell colour in brown-shelled eggs. in experiment 1, eggs were collected from day 1 to day 13 post-inoculation (p.i.) from unvaccinated laying hens challenged with ibv wild strains t and n1/88 and from a negative control group of hens. in experiment 2, eggs were collected from 2 to 22 days p.i. from unvaccinated and vaccinated laying hens challenged with either a wild ... | 2016 | 27163194 |
| avian infectious bronchitis virus in africa: a review. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and extremely difficult to control because it has extensive genetic diversity, a short generation time, and a high mutation rate. ibv is a gammacoronavirus, single-stranded, and positive-sense rna virus. avian infectious bronchitis is well studied in european countries with identification of a large number of ibv variants, whereas in african countries epidemiological and scientific data are poor and not updated. h ... | 2016 | 27150555 |
| genome sequence and origin analyses of the recombinant novel ibv virulent isolate saibk2. | recombination between infectious bronchitis viruses (ibvs), together with point mutations, insertions, and deletions, is thought to be responsible for the emergence of new ibv variants. saibk2 is a nephropathogenic strain isolated from layer flocks vaccinated with live attenuated h120 vaccine in sichuan province, china in 2011. saibk2 causes severe kidney lesions and results in 50 % mortality in 30-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens (with a dose of 10(5) eid50/0.1 ml saibk2 per chicken). th ... | 2016 | 27108998 |
| comparison of sybr green i real-time rt-pcr with conventional agarose gel-based rt-pcr for the diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens in morocco. | a rapid, sensitive, and specific molecular method for the diagnosis of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection is important in curbing infectious bronchitis outbreaks in morocco and other countries. | 2016 | 27106608 |
| assessing the economic burden of avian infectious bronchitis on poultry farms in brazil. | avian infectious bronchitis (ib), caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), is a worldwide endemic disease of chickens that affects all branches of the poultry industry. multiple geno/serotypes occur, and lowvaccine cross-protection results from the highly divergent ibv types. in view of the lack of consistent data on the economic losses caused by ib and the poor protection resulting from the use of the massachusetts type as a live vaccine in brazil, this survey aimed to estimate the lo ... | 2015 | 27044167 |
| experimental infection of is/885/00-like infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chicks. | pathogenesis of an is/885/00-like (is/885) strain of variant infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was examined in one day old specific pathogen free (spf) and commercial broiler chicks. chicks were humanely euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi) for necropsy examination, and tissues were collected for histopathology and virus detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). respiratory clinical signs and gross lesions consisting of tracheal caseous ... | 2016 | 27033901 |
| detection of variant infectious bronchitis viruses in sri lanka (2012-2015). | poultry production is an important sector of agriculture in sri lanka; however, there is a lack of information regarding circulation of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). rna was extracted from chicken tissues, subjected to ibv s1 rt-pcr, and sequenced. overall, 19 out of 34 (55.88 %) samples were ibv positive and contained the genotype 793b (n = 13; 68.42 %), d274 (n = 4; 21.05 %) or massachusetts (n = 2; 10.53 %). all three genotypes contained at least one strain with less than 99 % nucleotide ... | 2016 | 27020570 |
| detection and identification of infectious bronchitis virus by rt-pcr in iran. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) causes severe diseases in poultry with significant economic consequences to the poultry industry in iran. the aim of this study was the detection and identification of ibv by reverse transcription(rt)-pcr in iran. ten ib virus strains were detected by testing trachea, cecal tonsil, and kidney tissues collected from broiler and layer farms in iran. in order to detect infectious bronchitis virus, an optimized rt-pcr was used. primers targeting the conserved region ... | 2016 | 27010714 |
| evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in china over the past two decades. | avian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) that affects poultry production worldwide. the absence of vaccine cross-protection and the frequent emergence of new variant strains complicate control of ibv. here we designed a study to measure the evolution dynamics of ibv strains in china. one hundered and seven complete sequences and 1022 s1-region sequences of chinese ibvs isolated between 1994 and 2014 were analysed by using mega 5.0 sof ... | 2016 | 27008625 |
| characterization and analysis of an infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from southern china in 2013. | infectious bronchitis is a severe disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) that affects fowl flocks worldwide. the understanding of the mechanisms involved in ibv evolution and variation would provide important theoretical basis for prevention and control of the disease in the future. | 2016 | 26955947 |
| pathogenesis and diagnostic approaches of avian infectious bronchitis. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the major economically important poultry diseases distributed worldwide. it is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and affects both galliform and nongalliform birds. its economic impact includes decreased egg production and poor egg quality in layers, stunted growth, poor carcass weight, and mortality in broiler chickens. although primarily affecting the respiratory tract, ibv demonstrates a wide range of tissues tropism, including the renal and repro ... | 2016 | 26955391 |
| a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for differentiation of massachusetts vaccine and brazilian field genotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the avian infectious bronchitis virus is classified into serotypes or genotypes (or both) in different poultry-producing countries of the world. in brazil, massachusetts type (mass), used as a live vaccine, and local field brazilian variants (genotypes; br) predominate in the commercial poultry flocks. this study describes the development and validation of two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (rt-qpcr) for the specific detection of mass and br genotypes in allantoic flu ... | 2016 | 26953939 |