| the diagnostic role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in aids patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 17 consecutive aids patients with suspected opportunistic infections. a total number of 23 bronchoscopies were performed and a comparison was made about the effectiveness of the available diagnostic techniques, which included bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchial brushings. the most common cause of pulmonary parenchymal disease was pneumocystis carinii (7 patients). in 6 of these hiv-positive patients the detection of infectio ... | 1989 | 2590052 |
| survival in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | we describe our experience at jackson memorial hospital in miami, florida, with 172 children who were given diagnoses of perinatally acquired infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the 146 mothers of the children acquired hiv-1 through heterosexual contact (69 percent), intravenous drug use (30 percent), or blood transfusion (1 percent). the children presented with symptomatic disease at a median age of eight months; only 21 percent presented after the age of two years. the ... | 1989 | 2594038 |
| bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces complicating aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1989 | 2595043 |
| aids and the lung. introduction. | damage to the immune system induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) leads to a spectrum of opportunistic infections of which the lung is the most common site. in europe and north america, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the presenting symptom in 64% of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and occurs at some point in 80% of aids victims. this infection is less common in africa, where tuberculosis is the predominant opportunistic infection. other aids-related lung infe ... | 1989 | 2595618 |
| nebulised pentamidine as treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1989 | 2595628 |
| [mycoses and aids]. | the number of patients with aids is still growing rapidly. the identification of opportunistic diseases requires special skills in microbiology. the methods for identifying and distinguishing between opportunistic fungi and pneumocystis carinii are introduced. | 1989 | 2596121 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome--report of an autopsy case. | authors report the first autopsy case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in korea. the patient was a 26 years old korean male who died of respiratory failure due to mixed pulmonary infections. he had history of homosexual contacts with partners of both domestic and foreign nationalities. initial presentation was unexplained fever for two months. serological test and western blot test for anti-hiv were positive and t-cell subset analysis revealed t3/t4/t8 to be 73/8/67%. pulmonary tuberculosi ... | 1989 | 2597361 |
| fatal pneumocystis carinii in an adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus. | we report the case of a 16-year-old female who developed pulmonary infection due to pneumocystis carinii within 3 months of the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). steroid therapy doses never exceeded prednisone 40 mg/day, and no cytotoxic drugs were used. the case presents several unique aspects of importance to clinicians caring for adolescents with sle. | 1989 | 2606762 |
| [thoracic manifestations of aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)]. | aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) seems to be related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and is characterized by severe t-helpers lymphocyte dysfunction. many of the aids patients (47-70%) develop pulmonary manifestations, both infectious and neoplastic, in the course of their disease. in the department of infectious diseases of our hospital are studied many patients hiv+. every year 246 seropositive new patients have been discovered. among them we have studied 25 subjects with respir ... | 1989 | 2608934 |
| an electrophoretic karyotype and assignment of ribosomal genes to resolved chromosomes of pneumocystis carinii. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to generate a molecular karyotype of chromosomes from the opportunistic aids pathogen, pneumocystis carinii. p. carinii cysts and trophozoites were isolated from immunosuppressed rats, lysed in situ in agarose blocks, and subjected to orthogonal-field gel electrophoresis (ofage) and contour-clamped homogeneous-field gel electrophoresis (chef). ofage and chef gels resolved, respectively, 16 or 20 chromosome bands ranging in size from 0.32-1.5 megabase pai ... | 1989 | 2615653 |
| opportunistic infection and antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in wegener's granulomatosis. | antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca) are of established value in the diagnosis of wegener's granulomatosis allowing early introduction of therapy. these patients are at risk of opportunistic infection, especially whilst receiving immunosuppressive drugs and this may mimic reactivation of disease. we present three cases of wegener's granulomatosis complicated by opportunistic infection and assess the value of anca detection. two presented with symptoms compatible with disease reactivation ... | 1989 | 2616825 |
| pulmonary diseases in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in zimbabwe, central africa. | during the 11 month period up to 30 september 1987, 37 patients (26 male, 11 female, mean age 27 years) with respiratory symptoms who were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive, were studied prospectively on 40 occasions to determine the cause of any pulmonary complications. hiv was heterosexually transmitted. predominant symptoms were cough (89%), fever (89%), weight loss (83%), and dyspnoea (60%). transnasal fibre-optic bronchoscopy (with bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushings and t ... | 1989 | 2617633 |
| increasing rate of pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx: a sentinel indicator for human immunodeficiency virus. | to describe secular trends in pneumonia hospitalizations in the bronx, new york city from 1982-1986, we analysed all cases with a discharge diagnosis of pneumonia, excluding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), for bronx residents by age, sex, neighbourhood, and length of stay (n = 21,822). hospital deaths from pcp and immune disorders were analysed separately as a non-recurrent indicator of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) related disease prevalence by age, sex and geographical areas. from 1 ... | 1989 | 2621030 |
| [three years of aids. experience of the curry cabral hospital with hiv infections (1985-1988)]. | the aa. present a retrospective study on their experience with hiv positive patients, followed on the infectious diseases department of the hospital curry cabral, in lisbon. this study was done in 90 patients seen since 1985 till march 1988. from the 90 patients, 81 were hiv--1 positive, 6 hiv--2 and 3 hiv1 + hiv2 positives. it is presented their distribution by sex (male = 97.8%), age (mean--36.5 years), risk groups (homosexuals--64.4%, heterosexuals--21.1%, ivda--7.7%, blood-related--5.6%), an ... | 1989 | 2624155 |
| diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive children. | twelve children with laboratory evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection underwent diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy with washings or bronchoalveolar lavage at bellevue hospital center from october 1987 to april 1989. the patients included 7 boys and 5 girls ranging from age 3.5 months to 10 years 5 months. indications for bronchoscopy included respiratory distress with or without focal changes on chest radiograph in 11 patients, and persistent but asymptomatic right middle lobe c ... | 1989 | 2625388 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids]. | an infection with pneumocystis carinii with clinical symptoms of pneumonia is particularly frequent in patients with aids. the authors discuss current knowledge on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, including clinical course, possibility of diagnosis, and chemotherapy in patients with aids. | 1989 | 2626357 |
| immunoglobulin allotypes are normally distributed in swedish aids patients. | immunoglobulin allotypes g1m(a), g1m(x), g3m(b) and km(1) were determined in 83 swedish aids patients. twenty of the patients had kaposi's sarcoma and 29 had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the distribution of the gm and km allotypes did not significantly differ between these different disease categories and the general swedish population. | 1989 | 2629882 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. therapy and prophylaxis. utilization of pentamidine aerosol. international symposium, november 1989, paris]. | | 1989 | 2635686 |
| [status and trends in therapy and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 1989 | 2636965 |
| pneumocystis carinii in large domestic animals in denmark. a preliminary report. | by microscopic examination of toluidine blue o stained autopsy lung imprints pneumocystis carinii was shown in 6 calves out of 160 (3.8%), in 1 sheep out of 28 (3.6%) and in 8 pigs out of 119 (6.7%). this is the first report of pneumocystis carinii in calves, sheep and pigs in denmark. | 1989 | 2640780 |
| outbreaks of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in colonies of immunodeficient mice. | outbreaks of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in colonies of nu/nu and scid/scid mice at four different institutions. the disease, which was characterized by chronic wasting and respiratory insufficiency, was more severe in older mice and in animals housed in cages with special protective tops. histopathologic features included alveolar filling with the typical foamy honeycomb material and a mild, nonspecific host inflammatory response. immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies sugges ... | 1989 | 2642471 |
| monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii: identification of specific antigens and characterization of antigenic differences between rat and human isolates. | to increase understanding of the antigenic structure of pneumocystis carinii, we developed monoclonal antibodies to rat and human p. carinii. the specificity of the antibodies was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoblot studies. only one of five monoclonal antibodies to rat p. carinii reacted with human p. carinii, and none of four monoclonal antibodies to human p. carinii reacted with rat p. carinii. two antibodies to human p. carinii reacted by immunofluorescence with only one human ... | 1989 | 2642522 |
| current and future trials with zidovudine. | the first placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine in the management of hiv infection involved patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) following their first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and patients with severe aids-related complex (arc). zidovudine was shown to increase survival, and the trial was terminated early at the request of an independent review board. in order to obtain more information on the long-term efficacy and tolerance of the drug the study was co ... | 1989 | 2644366 |
| pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in aids. | | 1989 | 2645082 |
| aerosolized pentamidine and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1989 | 2648925 |
| infections in pediatric orthotopic heart transplant recipients. | the infectious complications of 31 orthotopic heart transplants in 27 patients performed between 1982 and 1987 were reviewed. fifteen patients (56%) are alive 704 to 1829 days posttransplantation. five of the 27 patients died within the first week posttransplantation of noninfectious causes. infection occurred in 17 of the remaining 22 patients and was the major cause of death in 3 of the 12 fatalities. there were 10 proved and 4 probable bacterial infections. three of the 10 proved bacterial in ... | 1989 | 2649868 |
| glycoproteins composed of major surface immunodeterminants of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. to facilitate the basic study of p. carinii, we analyzed the major surface proteins by immunochemical and biochemical methods. the major protein components of both cysts (resting form) and trophozoites (vegetative form) are part of a group of proteins called p115 with apparent masses of 105 to 120 kilodaltons. they represent an unusually large portion of the total proteins of thi ... | 1989 | 2651304 |
| properties of the major antigens of rat and human pneumocystis carinii. | the major rat and human pneumocystis carinii antigens were analyzed for their susceptibility to treatment with enzymes and other procedures by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and light microscopy. carbohydrate residues were further analyzed by lectin-binding experiments. the 116-kilodalton (kda) band of rat p. carinii was susceptible to proteolytic (e.g., trypsin) and glycolytic (e.g., zymolyase) treatments but not to a variety of other procedures (e.g., lipase). this moiety reacted strongly ... | 1989 | 2651312 |
| a fifteen-year perspective on the in vitro culture of pneumocystis carinii. | the in vitro cultivation of pneumocystis carinii in chick lung cell culture made it possible to observe the organism proceeding through its life cycle. it provided the foundation for extensive seroepidemiologic studies, for in vitro drug screening, and for essential biological, metabolic, and morphologic research. in vitro culture made possible the discovery of p. carinii antigenemia, its biochemical nature, and its relevance to subclinical and clinical infection. its utility in the presumptive ... | 1989 | 2651652 |
| historical perspectives on pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2651653 |
| animal models for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1989 | 2651654 |
| in vitro studies of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2651655 |
| ultrastructural studies of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2651656 |
| immunological studies of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2651657 |
| identification of antigens specific for pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2651658 |
| clinical studies of pneumocystis carinii and relationships to aids. | | 1989 | 2651659 |
| novel diagnostic tests for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | | 1989 | 2652676 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and its treatment in patients with aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the commonest opportunistic infection in aids patients. the diagnosis should be strongly suspected in patients who are cyanosed and who present with interstitial pneumonia. the management of pcp in aids patients is very similar to that in other groups with the same infection. trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp/smz) combinations or pentamidine remain the therapies of choice. side effects of tmp/smz are much greater in aids patients than in other immuno-sup ... | 1989 | 2654117 |
| acute hepatic failure: the emerging role of orthotopic liver transplantation. | from 1985 through 1987, we diagnosed acute hepatic failure in 13 patients. spontaneous recovery occurred in three of these patients. eight patients underwent liver transplantation, five of whom survived and three of whom died. in addition, two patients died before undergoing transplantation. the survival rate of 62% was better than that among our previous series of similar patients. this improvement seems to be related to the use of orthotopic liver transplantation as a therapeutic alternative a ... | 1989 | 2654498 |
| the use of a simple exercise test for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | because pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is so common among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), a quick, simple test to evaluate for its presence or absence would be helpful. we report our results on the role of an exercise blood gas test as a useful procedure for the detection of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with respiratory symptoms who have or who are at risk for developing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). results show that a normal exerc ... | 1989 | 2658699 |
| high-dose corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | overwhelming pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) carries a poor prognosis. patients who require mechanical ventilation have up to a 90% mortality rate despite vigorous treatment. although there are theoretic contraindications to steroid use in severely immunocompromised individuals, case reports of aids patients with pcp either inadvertently or intentionally given steroids have shown benefit. we report a series of seven patients whose a ... | 1989 | 2660289 |
| zidovudine for treating aids. what physicians need to know. | zidovudine (retrovir) is the only drug found to be useful for managing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex. the drug is virostatic, ie, it prevents replication of hiv by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase. zidovudine is well tolerated and provides short-term benefits by improving the quality of life and extending survival time. it is expensive and can be toxic, however, so its use requires close ... | 1989 | 2662155 |
| pentamidine for the prevention and treatment of p. carinii pneumonia. | pentamidine is effective in both the treatment and the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the agent may be administered by slow intravenous infusion or aerosol, although intravenous therapy is associated with a wide range of adverse reactions, including nephrotoxicity, hypoglycemia and neutropenia. toxic effects may occur in up to 25 percent of patients. | 1989 | 2662725 |
| pulmonary disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice of many haematological disorders but its success is limited by two major complications, graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) and pulmonary disorders. of the first 31 patients transplanted at st. james's hospital (1984-1986) 16 (52%) had a successful outcome. of the 15 patients who died, two died of gvhd and one of recurrent leukaemia. all others had severe pulmonary disease either causing death directly (9 cases) or contributing to death from to ... | 1989 | 2663767 |
| [infectious diseases in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin]. | cyclosporin (cya) is now recognized as an effective immunosuppressant to lead to a marked improvement in graft survival in organ transplant recipients. although the incidence of infection in the cya group has been decreased compared with that in the azathioprine group, infectious diseases in 400 kidney transplant recipients treated with cya were noted in our single center. treatment strategy for infectious diseases: antibiotics and/or gamma-globulin were administered to all recipients with bacte ... | 1989 | 2664294 |
| [anatomo-pathologic findings in 25 autopsy cases of aids]. | pathologic findings in 25 autopsies of aids. the common and severe changes of the central nervous system, lungs, adrenals, heart, kidneys and gonads are reviewed in a series of autopsies of aids. in the brain, hiv infection induces directly inflammatory infiltrates including the typical multinucleated giant cells described by sharer. in addition, primary lymphomas are seen as well as reactive and inflammatory lesions that are caused by opportunistic infections, such as those of poliomavirus, cyt ... | 1989 | 2664674 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: pathophysiology, therapy, and prevention. | the continuing growth of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic has caused a parallel increase in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pcp has a wide spectrum of severity, from mild disease to severe parenchymal lung damage. outcome is determined by severity of lung injury, the underlying physical condition of the patient, and concomitant infections. both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and pentamidine are effective therapeutic agents; however, both cause a ... | 1989 | 2664934 |
| tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | because of the abnormalities of host defenses caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), persons with hiv infection are vulnerable to tuberculosis. inferential data from several parts of the country indicate increases in tuberculosis case rates, probably occurring in patients with hiv infection. in a person infected with both hiv and mycobacterium tuberculosis, attack rates of tuberculosis seem to be very high. in general, the disease tends to occur earlier in the course of hiv infection ... | 1989 | 2664935 |
| prolonged paralysis associated with long-term pancuronium use. | we cared for a 4-year-old patient who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation and was placed on a ventilator for respiratory distress associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the neuromuscular blocking agent pancuronium bromide 1.0-1.2 mg every hour as needed was used to facilitate artificial ventilation for 40 days. on discontinuation of pancuronium, the patient experienced severe, generalized neuromuscular dysfunction. because no improvement was seen for 2 weeks, the acetylcholin ... | 1989 | 2666960 |
| aerosolized pentamidine in hiv. promising new treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life-threatening disease diagnosed in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). patients treated for their initial episode are at risk for recurrence of the disease. hiv-positive patients with low t4 lymphocyte counts are also at risk. conventional treatment regimens with parenteral pentamidine isethionate (pentam 300) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole have a 50% to 60% incidence of serious adverse effects and a 20% to 40% rat ... | 1989 | 2666972 |
| pneumocystis carinii antibody testing. | sera from blood donors and patients from all over scotland were examined by indirect immunofluorescence using pneumocystis carinii antigen from infected rat lung. antibody was found in 76 of 488 (15.6%) of patients tested on clinical grounds but in only 13 of 148 (8.8%) blood donors. the antibody rates were higher in disease groups likely to have or develop p carinii pneumonia: in those with histologically confirmed or strongly suspected p carinii pneumonia the rate was 14 of 24 (58.3%); in thos ... | 1989 | 2671053 |
| induced sputum to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed pediatric patients. | | 1989 | 2671329 |
| economic and policy implications of early intervention in hiv disease. | early medical intervention in human immunodeficiency virus disease has far-reaching implications for the health care system of the united states. several factors are enabling the medical community to begin intervention prior to a patient's diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. these factors include an understanding of the biologic markers of disease progression; advances in antiviral therapeutics; and an improved ability to control the most common presenting opportunistic infection, p ... | 1989 | 2671418 |
| early results of single lung transplantation in patients with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. | three patients underwent single left lung transplantation for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis between june and november 1987. preoperatively all were housebound, receiving continuous, supplemental oxygen, and their pulmonary function had deteriorated despite corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy. pulmonary preservation was by means of pulmonary arterial perfusion with modified euro-collins solution, 60 ml/kg, at 4 degrees c with adjunctive iloprost (synthetic prostacyclin) infusion. the heart ... | 1989 | 2671509 |
| immunobiology of pneumocystis carinii. | | 1989 | 2671972 |
| isolation and expression of the pneumocystis carinii thymidylate synthase gene. | the thymidylate synthase (ts) gene from pneumocystis carinii has been isolated from complementary and genomic dna libraries and expressed in escherichia coli. the coding sequence of ts is 891 nucleotides, encoding a 297-amino acid protein of mr 34,269. the deduced amino acid sequence is similar to ts from other organisms and is most closely related to the enzyme from saccharomyces cerevisiae with 65% identity. ts is found on a 330-kilobase-pair chromosome in p. carinii. while ts and dihydrofolat ... | 1989 | 2671992 |
| improved survival in patients with aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and severe respiratory failure. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) causing acute respiratory failure (arf) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has been reported in several studies to have a mortality of 84 to 100 percent. a recent report found a 42 percent survival rate. we followed 58 patients with aids who required positive pressure ventilation and identified 33 patients with pcp and arf who had a pao2/fio2 level less than 150 mmhg. we report the survival of 12 of these 33 (36 percent). the mean dura ... | 1989 | 2676392 |
| laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia. | laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of pneumonia are discussed. gram's stain and culture of the sputum are still the most useful techniques for the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. antigen detection can provide a rapid diagnosis and contribute to the initial choice of therapy in infections caused by haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, chlamydia psittaci and pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2677980 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection and interstitial plasma cell pneumonia: what does history teach? | pneumocystis carinii is a special organism that causes a variety of host reactions depending on the resistance and immune response. the disease was originally observed in premature and newborn infants, associated with interstitial plasma cell infiltrates, which lead to rapid suffocation of the infant. an understanding of all aspects of the disease and all its patterns is required in view of the worldwide epidemic of immune deficiency of various etiologies associated with the nearly ubiquitous in ... | 1989 | 2678332 |
| the biology of pneumocystis carinii. | some basic biologic aspects of pneumocystis are reviewed. from the available data, it is evident that only two stages, the trophozoite and the cyst, have been described, but that the complete life cycle is unknown. both of these two stages are found in the alveoli and other tissues of hosts with some forms of immune suppression, but rarely in healthy ones. the current views of how trophozoites evolve into cysts is outlined. no agreement about the classification of pneumocystis has been reached, ... | 1989 | 2678333 |
| ultrastructure of pneumocystis carinii: a review of internal and surface characteristics. | electron microscopy (em) shows unique characteristics of pneumocystis carinii (pc) that are impossible to appreciate by light microscopy. em's major contribution is in its elucidation of the pc life cycle, the host-parasite interaction of pc, and less so, of pc's taxonomy. difficulty with em stems from the propensity of pc to undergo degeneration and from the dearth of studies of well-preserved organisms. ultrastructurally, the foamy alveolar cast (fac) is composed of intimately associated cysts ... | 1989 | 2678334 |
| immunohistochemistry of pneumocystis carinii. | the recent explosion in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic brought about an increased need for specific markers that recognize pneumocystis carinii. newly developed antibodies mark cyst and/or trophozoites, but have not been thoroughly characterized. while the sensitivity of the immunocytochemical method appears greater than that offered by the giemsa strain, it is only slightly better than that of gms stain. that slight edge in sensitivity warrants the use of immunostaining in spe ... | 1989 | 2678335 |
| rapid cytologic diagnosis of pneumocystis: a comparison of effective techniques. | there has been a dramatic increase in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and immunosuppression. cytologic specimens including random and induced sputum samples, bronchoscopic washings, bronchoalveolar lavage, and fine needle and open lung biopsies can all be used for a rapid, accurate, and economical pcp diagnosis. of these, bronchoalveolar lavage has emerged as the most diagnostic specimen, but the diagnostic yield of induced sput ... | 1989 | 2678336 |
| cavitation and other atypical manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in the 1980s, under the impact of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has become the prime infectious manifestation of this condition. in addition to the well-recognized "classic" features of this disease, several unusual manifestations are being recognized with increasing frequency. we presently review and illustrate the following "atypical" manifestations of pcp: (1) interstitial lung responses that include diffuse alveolar damage, bronchiolitis oblite ... | 1989 | 2678337 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) pandemic has focused attention on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). of special significance are the following key issues. (1) pcp in the aids patient can be clinically different than in the non-aids patient. (2) the morphologic expressions of pcp in both aids and non-aids patients are considerably more diverse than previously believed. (3) rapid diagnostic methods that unequivocally demonstrate the pc microorganisms in the tissue and secretions ... | 1989 | 2678338 |
| the pathology of treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | post-mortem examinations were conducted in 28 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and biopsy-proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who had been treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, intravenous infusion [roche]) and/or pentamidine isethionate. according to the evolution of the pulmonary process, the cases were classified into three groups. group i ("fulminant" pcp) was composed of eight patients who died during the first week of the disease. although ... | 1989 | 2678339 |
| [hiv infection caused by kidney transplant: case report and review of 18 published cases]. | since 1985 organ donors are routinely tested for the presence of hiv-antibodies, but prior to that time several patients acquired hiv-infection from grafts. in may 1984 a 65-year-old woman on hemodialysis received a cadaver kidney graft from a young iv drug addict. the transplant functioned perfectly with cyclosporin a immunosuppression. retrospectively, 22 days after surgery hiv antigen was detected. at this time only a faint band of anti-p24 antibodies was found in the western blot. two years ... | 1989 | 2678439 |
| measurement of lung tissue mass in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | transmission-emission scanning of the thorax with a flood source of technetium-99m (99mtc), autologous 99mtc labelled red blood cells, and diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (99mtc dtpa) allows measurement of thoracic tissue thickness and blood and interstitial volume per pixel of the gamma camera image. volume of blood or interstitium per pixel divided by pixel area gives the thoracic tissue thickness for these two compartments. a measure of lung tissue thickness may be obtained by subtracting ... | 1989 | 2678578 |
| diagnostic parasitology. | diagnosis of parasitic infections in small animals is challenging, interesting, and fun, and involves the recognition of parasite stages based on size, morphology, color, and movement. size and morphology are the major diagnostic parameters, and a calibrated microscope is the essential tool in the diagnostic laboratory. the fecal flotation technique is used routinely for the diagnosis of most parasites that reside within the gastrointestinal tract. the specific gravity and type of solution used ... | 1989 | 2678716 |
| prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an update. | note from dr. merle a. sande--we have recently come to appreciate the fact that successful chemotherapy of opportunistic infections in patients with aids is akin to treatment of certain malignancies: in both instances, induction, followed by maintenance, therapy is required. although control of initial infections is usually successful with current regimens, relapse is common if lifelong prophylactic or suppressive therapy is not used. this is true in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected i ... | 1989 | 2681438 |
| isolation and expression of the pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase gene. | pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: nadp+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.5.1.3) cdna sequences have been isolated by their ability to confer trimethoprim resistance to escherichia coli. consistent with the recent conclusion that p. carinii is a member of the fungi, sequence analysis and chromosomal localization show that dhfr is neither physically nor genetically linked to thymidylate synthase. expression of recombinant p. carinii dhfr in heterologous hosts provid ... | 1989 | 2682653 |
| the role of aerosolized pentamidine in management of hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pulmonary infections. | | 1989 | 2683420 |
| nih conference. pneumocystis pneumonia: from bench to clinic. | pneumocystis carinii is an intriguing organism found almost exclusively in the lungs. very little is known about this organism's biologic or epidemiologic character. over the past two decades, p. carinii has been recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of pneumonia in cancer patients, transplant recipients, and patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). with the increased number of cases of p. carinii pneumonia and a greater emphasis on studying this organism, sophist ... | 1989 | 2683916 |
| granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis. | a 62-year-old man with untreated, well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, presenting with progressive dyspnea, was found on open lung biopsy to have multiple necrotizing granulomas that on frozen section were initially called tuberculosis. routine grocott methenamine-silver stain showed these to contain pneumocystis carinii organisms. a review of the literature shows that this is an unusual histologic presentation that can occur in a wide variety of immunosuppressed states, including the acqui ... | 1989 | 2684091 |
| detection of thoracic infections by nuclear medicine techniques in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the challenge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) for nuclear medicine has been the early detection of related intrathoracic opportunistic infections, inflammatory conditions, and neoplasms. gallium-67 citrate scanning has proved a sensitive test not only for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia but for many of the other opportunistic infections and malignancies, including mycobacterial infections and lymphoma. patterns and intensity of gallium uptake may suggest more specific diagnoses. ... | 1989 | 2685873 |
| [pseudotumoral pneumocystosis: one case and a review of the literature]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of these opportunistic infections that are so frequently observed in immunodepressed patients. the usual radiological image is one of interstitial pneumonia. we report the case of a misleading and unusual pseudotumoral form in a female patient with non-hodgkin malignant lymphoma. the course of the pneumonia was favourable after cotrimoxazole therapy, partial surgical resection and prophylaxis of relapses by inhaled pentamidine. | 1989 | 2685966 |
| fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections after bone marrow transplantation. | as a part of the diagnostic procedure for 16 suspected pulmonary infections in 15 marrow transplant recipients fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), transbronchial lung biopsy (tbb) and brushing were performed. cytomegalovirus (cmv) was the most common microorganism and cmv pneumonia was diagnosed in 8/16 (50%) episodes of pulmonary disease studied. pneumonias were diagnosed as caused by candida or aspergillus species in 6 episodes and by gram-positive cocci in 2 cases. aden ... | 1989 | 2685983 |
| zidovudine treatment of aids and arc in denmark 1987. | in 1987, a total of 138 danish patients (94 aids and 44 arc) received treatment with zidovudine, a total observation period of 572 treatment months. 15 aids and 1 arc patient died after a median of 70 days (range 2-295). in the arc group 4 patients developed aids (3 pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1 kaposi's sarcoma). among the aids patients 38 new opportunistic infections were reported. 24 of these opportunistic infections occurred within 6 weeks after treatment initiation. 79 patients were obs ... | 1989 | 2685984 |
| [pulmonary complications in aids]. | adult patients suffering from infection with the hiv-virus acquire pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in nearly 80 per cent and in the half of all patients the basic disease aids has been detected by this lung infection. in childhood the patients with aids show most frequently interstitial lung diseases due to pneumocystis carinii or to lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. also recurrent bacterial pneumonia may frequently occur, likewise infections with the cytomegalovirus or the epstein-barr-virus caus ... | 1989 | 2689758 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a logical management strategy for patient populations that have a high incidence of this infectious complication. appropriate populations for consideration would include those with human immunodeficiency virus infection, recent recipients of bone marrow or solid organ transplants, children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and adults with t cell leukemias. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given twice daily (2.5 mg of trimethoprim/kg and 12.5 mg o ... | 1989 | 2690301 |
| infections in compromised hosts: considerations on prevention. | compromised patients are predisposed to the acquisition of resistant bacteria from the hospital environment. in compromised hosts, gram-negative bacillary and staphylococcal infection is often nosocomial, being a result of the severity of the underlying disease and frequent and/or prolonged hospitalizations. the level of colonization of these patients by gram-negative bacilli can be reduced by the use of effective antibiotics administered to the oropharyngeal area or administered orally, by care ... | 1989 | 2693110 |
| [new trends in combined transplantation of the heart and lungs]. | heart-lung transplantation is a surgical alternative for patients with end-stage lung disease with associated right heart failure. while the procedure is very promising, the morbidity and mortality remain high. the current understanding of the proper selection of candidates, procurement and preservation of donor organs, operative procedure and postoperative care continues to evolve. at the university of pittsburgh, 70 heart-lung transplantations have been performed since 1982. early infection an ... | 1989 | 2693175 |
| [respiratory infectious complications in patients with lung cancer]. | since respiratory infectious complications in lung cancer cases are major obstacles for adequate or intensive anticancer chemotherapy, they often affect prognosis unfavorably. such respiratory infections secondary to lung cancer generally occur on the basis of defects of the defence mechanism against infections due to disturbance in the clearance system in sites peripheral to bronchial obstruction or stenosis. the lowered concentration of antimicrobial agents at the site of infection, resulting ... | 1989 | 2693782 |
| the place of lung 99mtc dtpa aerosol transfer in the investigation of lung infections in hiv positive patients. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common cause of pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients, but other pneumonias remain important, i.e. streptococcal and mycobacterial infections. a definitive diagnosis relies on obtaining samples from the lung either noninvasively (induced sputum), or invasively (bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial or open lung biopsy). we have used the noninvasive technique of nebulized 99mtc dtpa transfer, to assess patients with pcp (n = 30) and other lu ... | 1989 | 2694235 |
| [comparative study of 2 classical technics of coloration and an indirect immunofluorescent assay applied to research on pneumocystis carinii in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum in hiv+ patients]. | two histochemical staining methods, eosine-methylene blue fast (ral 555) and silver methenamine (modified grocott's technique), and indirect immunofluorescence assay with an anticyst monoclonal antibody were used to detect pneumocystis carinii in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid and induced sputum from 58 hiv+ patients. immunofluorescence disclosed the largest number of carriers (35 p. cent of examined patients). however, the histochemical staining techniques remain of interest and are the init ... | 1989 | 2696387 |
| prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | immunosuppression due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) infection has led to a marked increase in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). prophylaxis against pcp is standard practice in pediatric cancer patients but is associated with unique problems in hiv-infected patients, including the need for lifelong therapy, adverse reactions, and drug interactions. hiv-infected patients at highest risk for pcp are those with a prior episode of pcp and/or a cd4 lymphocyte count of less than 200 ... | 1989 | 2697054 |
| open lung biopsy in patients with hodgkin's disease and pulmonary infiltrates. | although open lung biopsy (olb) is frequently employed for diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in patients with hodgkin's disease, the actual efficacy of the procedure in establishing a diagnosis in these patients, and its effect on their treatment and clinical outcome, have not been evaluated. we reviewed the results of olb in 41 patients with previously diagnosed hodgkin's disease (17 with stage ii disease, 10 with stage iii, and 14 with stage iv) who had pulmonary opacification on chest roentgenog ... | 1989 | 2712453 |
| mycobacterium kansasii and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the case of a swiss aids patient suffering from mycobacterium kansasii lung disease is described. the course of the illness was complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. therapy with isoniazid, ethambutol, clofazimine, ciprofloxacin and, after the onset of p. carinii pneumonia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole led to a rapid and sustained clinical recovery of the patient. | 1989 | 2714863 |
| prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children and adolescents. | the prognosis of 111 children and adolescents (from 2.5 months to 19.5 years of age) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was assessed by survival analysis based on risk factors and clinical status. risk factors included: maternal hiv infection 93; transfusion 12; both maternal hiv infection and transfusion 2; sexual abuse 1; and intravenous drug use and/or sexual activity 3. children with perinatal infection survived from 2.5 months to 10.25 years (median, 1.87 years) and had inappa ... | 1989 | 2717274 |
| natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in women in rhode island. | current recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and for prophylaxis against associated opportunistic infections in north america are largely based on observations of hiv infection in males. in an effort to determine whether the natural history and clinical course may be different, with implications relevant to prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, we have documented the clinical courses of the first 24 known cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrom ... | 1989 | 2729337 |
| testicular seminoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex: 2 case reports. | two homosexual men positive for human immunodeficiency virus with evidence of acquired cellular immunodeficiency were diagnosed recently to have seminoma of the testis. one man has the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with lymphopenia, a low cd4:cd8 ratio, condylomata accuminata, pneumocystis carinii and cerebral toxoplasmosis, and 1 has an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex with generalized lymphadenopathy showing follicular hyperplasia on biopsy, recurrent herpes simplex infe ... | 1989 | 2733088 |
| [false-positive test of autonomic neuropathy in hiv infection and aids? case control study of heart rate variability in 62 hiv positive patients]. | false positive tests for autonomic neuropathy in hiv-infection and aids? case-control-study of heart rate variation in 62 cases autonomic neuropathy is said to be common in aids. in a cross section study we tested heart rate variability, a simple and sensitive test, in relation to disease severity. the expiratory-inspiratory rr-interval-ratio (rrr) was normal in hiv-infected clinically healthy persons (mean 1.45; n = 10), but progressively lowered in las (1.24; n = 12), arc (1.20; n = 7), aids ( ... | 1989 | 2739626 |
| [autopsy cases of terminal pulmonary infections]. | in order to clarify the present state of terminal pulmonary infections, all autopsy cases from 1976 to 1985 reported in the annual records of autopsy cases in kyushu university hospital were reviewed. of the total of 2,238 autopsy cases, pulmonary infections were present in 1,042 (46.6%) and in 595 (26.6%) pulmonary infections were fatal. among the primary diseases associated with pulmonary infections, hematologic diseases such as leukemia and malignant lymphoma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer a ... | 1989 | 2747058 |
| integrated complex combinations for the treatment of opportunistic infections in aids. | in the present paper the 'serial combinations' (components of the combination offered separately), as used in conventional combination therapy, are compared with the 'integrated complex combination' (offered as fixed combinations). so far, three combinations have been worked out on the basis of this concept (rmp + smz + tmp + inh; rmp + smz + tmp + pth; rmp + inh + pth + dds). they allow successful treatment of almost all mycobacterial infections and diseases (including tuberculosis and leprosy) ... | 1989 | 2766861 |
| nephrotoxicity and hyperkalemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with pentamidine. | recently, the use of pentamidine has risen because of its efficacy in managing patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii infection. we undertook a retrospective analysis of the charts of 22 patients with aids given pentamidine when they were hospitalized over a two-year period. | 1989 | 2773964 |
| 111in-labeled nonspecific immunoglobulin scanning in the detection of focal infection. | we performed radionuclide scanning after the intravenous injection of human igg labeled with indium-111 in 128 patients with suspected focal sites of inflammation. localization of 111in-labeled igg correlated with clinical findings in 51 infected patients (21 with abdominal or pelvic infections, 11 with intravascular infections, 7 with pulmonary infections, and 12 with skeletal infections). infecting organisms included gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, pneumocystis carinii, mycopla ... | 1989 | 2779615 |
| treatment of acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with corticosteroids in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1989 | 2783303 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by induced sputum in a city with moderate incidence of aids. | examination of induced sputum from aids patients has been reported to provide the noninvasive diagnosis of pcp in 10 to 76 percent of cases. since previous studies were done in centers with a high incidence of aids, we asked whether this test could be implemented successfully in a center with a lower incidence of aids. over a 13-month period 25 of 38 (66 percent) aids patients with pcp had positive giemsa (diff-quik) stains of induced sputum. we were unable to predict before sputum induction whi ... | 1989 | 2783305 |
| haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with aids, arc, or risk of aids. | since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was first described in 1981, we have observed an increasing number of cases of haemophilus influenzae pneumonia, particularly in young adult patients. to confirm this observation, we systematically identified and reviewed all cases of h. influenzae pneumonia that occurred in adult patients recently hospitalized at our institution. | 1989 | 2783357 |
| anticardiolipin antibody in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a marker of pneumocystis carinii infection? | | 1989 | 2783714 |