| [effects of sulbactam on the activity of cefoperazone against various clinical isolates]. | sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) have been used in clinical infusion at ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in japan and u.s.a., respectively. after an administration of these drugs as a 1:1 parenteral formulation, the ratio of levels of cpz and sbt in blood was 1:1/4 to 1:1/5 for 1 to 2 hours, whereas the ratio of free, unbound drug levels was 1:1.4 to 1:1.5. in urine these drugs were excreted at a ratio between 1:1 and 1:4 during 6 hours after the infusion. antimicrobial interaction studies using various co ... | 1989 | 2769941 |
| [antibacterial activity of cervical mucus in pregnant or non-pregnant women]. | antibacterial activities of human cervical mucus obtained from non-pregnant and pregnant women were tested using standard blood agar plates. the combined effect of cervical mucus with cefmetazole (cmz) was also investigated. obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. cervical mucus specimens obtained from 6 subjects at 9 to 36 weeks of pregnancy showed antibacterial activity to only one strain of bacillus subtilis among organisms tested. the cervical mucus enhanced the activity of cmz agains ... | 1989 | 2769943 |
| occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in communal well water around port harcourt, nigeria. | a total of 108 raw water samples was collected from 36 wells at nine shanty settlements around port harcourt, nigeria, over a period of 7 months. samples were analysed for their bacteriological quality. selected bacterial strains isolated from the samples were tested for their susceptibility to ten commonly used antibiotics. the organisms isolated include pseudomonas spp., klebsiella spp., staphylococcus spp., proteus spp., enterococcus faecalis, aeromonas spp., escherichia coli, chromobacterium ... | 1989 | 2776852 |
| in-vitro activity of a new penem fce 22101. | the in-vitro activity of a new penem fce 22101 was evaluated in comparison with other antimicrobial agents against 966 aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. fce 22101 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae, h. ducreyi, neisseria gonorrhoeae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis and group b streptococcus at concentrations of 0.12-4.0 mg/l. pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant with mic90 of greater than ... | 1989 | 2786518 |
| in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and synergy studies with other antimicrobial agents. | fce 22101 is a penem antibiotic with broad in-vitro activity similar to that of imipenem, although less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa. combinations of fce 22101 with ciprofloxacin or gentamicin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staph. epidermidis resulted in addition or indifference by the chequerboard method. the combination of fce 22101 and gentamicin against streptococcus faecalis was usually additive. against enterobacter cloacae fce 22101 ... | 1989 | 2786520 |
| comparative in vitro activity of a new fluorinated 4-quinolone, qa-241. | the in vitro activity of a new quinolone, qa-241, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-8(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) -1,7-dioxo-1 h,5h-benzo[ii]quinolizine-2-carboxylic hydrochloride, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin. qa-241 inhibited 90% of isolates of enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. it was two-fold and four- to 16-fold less active than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. qa-241 was less active ... | 1989 | 2791486 |
| bactericidal activity of lomefloxacin sc 47111 (ny-198) and ciprofloxacin against selected pathogens. | the bacterial activity of lomefloxacin and ciprofloxacin against selected pathogens was compared using kill-kinetic methods to assess inhibitory (1 x mic) and suprainhibitory (4 x mic) concentrations. five strains each of the following microorganisms were studied: streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. we found that lomefloxacin was 8- to 16-fo ... | 1989 | 2791495 |
| comparative in vitro activity of lomefloxacin, a difluoro-quinolone. | lomefloxacin is a new difluoro-quinolone. in this study, we have determined the in vitro activity of lomefloxacin against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared it with that of other fluoro-quinolones and some unrelated antimicrobials. lomefloxacin was very active against enterobacteriaceae (mic90, 0.5 micrograms/ml) with activity comparable to that of ofloxacin (mic90, 0.25 micrograms/ml). lomefloxacin was moderately active against isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90, 4 ... | 1989 | 2791500 |
| lomefloxacin, a new difluoroquinolone: in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro activity of lomefloxacin, a new difluoro-quinolone, was compared to other antimicrobial agents against a selection of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. against the enterobacteriaceae, the lomefloxacin mic inhibiting 90% of strains was less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter sp. isolates were inhibited at less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. all staphylococci including methicillin-resistant organisms were suscept ... | 1989 | 2791502 |
| in vitro activity of lomefloxacin (ny-198 or sc 47111). | the activity of lomefloxacin was compared to that of four other quinolones. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were similar to those of enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin against the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus spp. and enterococcus faecalis. the activity of lomefloxacin was antagonized in urine at ph 5.4, but not in urine at ph 7.0. higher inocula required higher lomefloxacin concentrations for inhibition. lomefloxacin was more active at alkaline ph. at co ... | 1989 | 2791506 |
| bacteriology of unheated expressed breast milk stored at room temperature. | thirty samples of unheated expressed breast milk (ebm) from thirty lactating mothers, stored at room temperature (rt) and in the refrigerator (at +4 degrees c), were examined for the degree of bacterial contamination at two hourly intervals upto eight hours. all the ebm samples contained bacteria, mostly of normal skin flora; staphylococcus albus 76.7%; streptococcus viridans 40%. potential pathogens were isolated in small numbers: escherichia coli 26%, streptococcus faecalis 13.6% and staphyloc ... | 1989 | 2791942 |
| molecular epidemiology of nosocomial, multiply aminoglycoside resistant enterococcus faecalis. | the prevalence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance among enterococcus faecalis at the memphis va medical center was 23.6% (59 of 250 isolates) from october to december 1986. hybridization to a probe cloned from ent. faecalis pip1800 for 6' acetyltransferase-2" phosphotransferase (aac6'-aph2") was observed in 55 (93.2%) of the resistant isolates and was associated with gentamicin resistance. hybridization to a probe cloned from ent. faecalis pjh1 for 3', 5" phosphotransferase type iii (aph3', ... | 1989 | 2793639 |
| [experimental and clinical studies on cefodizime in pediatrics]. | 1. absorption and elimination serum and urinary levels of cefodizime (cdzm, thr-221) were determined in 7 children with ages ranging from 3 to 12 years after a intravenous bolus injection of the drug at 20 mg/kg. the average serum level of the drug was 119.27 +/- 13.83 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, then decreased gradually with a half-life of 2.01 +/- 0.25 hours to 10.56 +/- 2.93 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. the average urinary elimination rate was 77.34 +/- 12.60%. 2. clinical study cdzm was given ... | 1989 | 2795856 |
| necrotizing otitis externa during induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | in three children who were receiving acute lymphoblastic leukemia induction therapy and were severely neutropenic, necrotizing otitis externa developed. two patients had a probing maneuver to their ear canal. pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in heavy growth from the external canal of three patients and other tissues of one patient. staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the ear canal and tissues of one patient and streptococcus faecalis from the ear canal of another patient. necrotizing otit ... | 1989 | 2797982 |
| activity of meropenem, against gram-positive bacteria. | a new carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem, was shown to be active against a large number of gram-positive bacteria. the drug inhibited penicillinase-positive and -negative, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci equally well. among the comparative antimicrobials examined, only n-formimidoyl-thienamycin (imipenem) was two to four times more active than meropenem. compared with vancomycin or methicillin, meropenem was 10-20 times more active. strains of 11 species of streptococci were highly susceptib ... | 1989 | 2808202 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates including enterobacteriaceae with expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases. | meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested in vitro by an agar-dilution method against 373 standard strains (aerobes and anaerobes) and against nine expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains and their transconjugants (5 ctx-1, 2 caz-1, 2 caz-2). meropenem was compared with methicillin, imipenem, piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and metronidazole. meropenem and imipenem exhibited an extended spec ... | 1989 | 2808205 |
| development of a meropenem susceptibility disc: drug content, preliminary interpretive and quality control criteria and potency bioassay. | laboratory studies were conducted to develop an appropriate susceptibility disc for meropenem. laboratory-prepared paper discs containing 5, 10, and 20 micrograms of meropenem were investigated. agar dilution mics and agar disc diffusion tests were performed with 367 rapidly growing clinical isolates by methods recommended by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls). agar disc diffusion tests with 10 micrograms meropenem discs acceptably defined organisms as susceptible o ... | 1989 | 2808211 |
| [the influence of cefteram pivoxil on the intestinal bacterial flora]. | the influence of cefteram pivoxil (cftm-pi), a new oral cephalosporin, on the intestinal bacterial flora was studied in tetra-contaminated mice and in pediatric patients. cftm-pi in fine granular form was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days to mice contaminated with 4 different species of organisms: escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides fragilis and bifidobacterium breve. no remarkable change was observed in the fecal viable cell count except that ... | 1989 | 2810740 |
| [biliary excretion and clinical efficacy of t-3262 (tosufloxacin tosilate) administered in the treatment of cholecystitis]. | t-3262 (tosufloxacin tosilate), a new oral pyridone carboxylic acid agent, was investigated for its biliary excretion and clinical efficacy and safety to evaluate its usefulness in the treatment of cholecystitis. t-3262 was administered to a total of 4 healthy volunteers for 2 days at a dose of 150 mg every 8 hours, and a-, b- or c-bile were collected using the meltzer-lyon method at 10-11 hours after the final administration. bile concentrations of t-3262 in 3 cases were 0.33-2.05 micrograms/ml ... | 1989 | 2810750 |
| [clinical laboratory approach for estimating effective administrative dose of cephalothin. reevaluation of mic break points in 4 category system of disc susceptibility test]. | the reliability of the cephalothin (cet) disc susceptibility test in estimating approximate values of mics was studied using various clinical isolates totaling 248 strains and using showa discs (8 mm diameter containing 30 micrograms of cet) and difco discs (6 mm diameter containing 30 micrograms of cet). clinical significance of a 4 category system for the interpretation of the cet disc tests, which is widely used in japan, was reevaluated to determine whether this system would be suitable or n ... | 1989 | 2810753 |
| activity of glycopeptides against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. | gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin are rare; but they include members of the genera leuconostoc, lactobacillus, and pediococcus, as well as recently emerging vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis. vancomycin, teicoplanin, and several vancomycin derivatives were tested for their activities against vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria. vancomycin-resistant e. faecium and e. faecalis were generally cross-resistant to other glycopeptides, b ... | 1989 | 2817848 |
| detection of bacterial cell wall hydrolases after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | cell walls from various gram-positive bacteria were incorporated at a concentration of 0.2% (w/v) into polyacrylamide gels as a substrate for detection of cell wall hydrolases. bacterial extracts from crude cell wall preparations were denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol and subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels containing bacterial cell walls. after renaturation in the presence of purified and buffered 1% (v/v) triton x-100, cell wall hydrolas ... | 1989 | 2819603 |
| activity of ly146032 in vitro and in experimental enterococcal pyelonephritis. | the efficacy of ly146032 (ly), a new lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared with that of vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and gentamicin and combinations of ly-ceftriaxone, ly-imipenem, and ly-gentamicin against 15 strains of streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis by microtiter dilution and checkerboard techniques. ly was effective within a very narrow range of drug concentrations (from 0.125 to 2.0 micrograms/ml) and was more active than other agents tested against s. faecalis. en ... | 1987 | 2820299 |
| bactericidal activity of deptomycin (ly146032) compared with those of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and ampicillin against enterococci as determined by kill-kinetic studies. | this study used kill-kinetic methods to provide data on the bactericidal activity of subinhibitory (1/2 x mic), inhibitory (1 x mic), and suprainhibitory (4x, 6x, and 8x mic) concentrations of deptomycin (ly146032) against strains of enterococci compared with those of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and ampicillin. deptomycin was the most active agent tested, as determined by broth microdilution methods, with all strains being inhibited at concentrations less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. the kil ... | 1987 | 2821883 |
| homology of a transferable tetracycline resistance determinant of clostridium difficile with streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis transposon tn916. | in several tetracycline-resistant (tetr) clostridium difficile strains, homology with the tn916 part of plasmid pam120 dna was observed. this 15-kilobase transposon, carrying a tetr determinant, was originally found in streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis. hybridization experiments revealed that at least six of seven hincii fragments of tn916, representing greater than 95% of its length, showed homology with dna of tetr c. difficile strains. therefore, a close relationship of the c. difficile t ... | 1987 | 2821887 |
| comparative in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from clinical isolates. | 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1- ylquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (ciprofloxacin, bay o 9867, ciprobay) is a broad spectrum antibiotic of the 4-quinolone group. it possesses a bactericidal effect attributable to the property of dna-gyrase inhibition. the antimicrobial action comprises all grampositive strains (including streptococcus faecalis) and gramnegative strains (including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp.), as well as bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides s ... | 1987 | 2822054 |
| in-vitro susceptibility of gram-positive cocci to ly146032 teicoplanin, sodium fusidate, vancomycin, and rifampicin. | ly146032, a new antimicrobial agent with activity against gram-positive cocci, was tested against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staph. epidermidis, staph. saprophyticus, and streptococcus faecalis. mic90s in cation-supplemented mueller hinton broth by the microdilution broth method were less than 1.0 mg/l for all organisms tested. increasing or decreasing the inoculum size did not appreciably effect the ... | 1987 | 2822646 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ends of the conjugative shuttle transposon tn1545. | the conjugative shuttle transposon tn1545 from streptococcus pneumoniae transposes in various gram-positive bacterial genera following self-transfer and in escherichia coli after cloning. analysis of the junction fragments and of the targets before insertion and after excision of the element by dna hybridization and sequencing indicated that tn1545 (1) is not flanked by terminal repeated sequences in either direct or opposite orientation, (2) is flanked, in an asymmetric fashion, by terminal var ... | 1987 | 2823065 |
| transposon mutagenesis of type iii group b streptococcus: correlation of capsule expression with virulence. | the capsular polysaccharide of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) is thought to be a major factor in the virulence of this organism. transposon mutagenesis was used to obtain isogenic strains of a gbs serotype iii clinical isolate (coh 31r/s) with site-specific mutations in the gene(s) responsible for capsule production. the self-conjugative transposon tn916 was transferred to strain coh 31r/s during incubation with streptococcus faecalis strain cg110 on membrane filters. eleven transconjugant ... | 1987 | 2823254 |
| in-vitro activity of ly146032 against gram-positive isolates from cancer patients. | the in-vitro activity of ly146032 was compared with that of other antibiotics against gram-positive organisms, mostly isolated from cancer patients. ly146032 inhibited all isolates, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis, at a concentration of less than or equal to 2.0 mg/l. the mbcs of this new drug were within eight times the mics for all bacteria tested. | 1987 | 2824425 |
| ly146032: activity and resistance development in vitro. | ly146032, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, was compared with vancomycin, teicoplanin, cefamandole and ciprofloxacin, against 107 clinical isolates comprising methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus spp., streptococcus faecalis and corynebacterium spp. all staphylococci were susceptible to all agents, except that some of the methicillin-resistant strains were resistant to cefamandole. only ly146032 and ciprofloxacin were bactericidal to str. faecalis. development of resistan ... | 1987 | 2824427 |
| optimal streptomycin concentration for detection of adenylyltransferases. | | 1987 | 2824428 |
| transposon tn916 mutagenesis in bacillus anthracis. | mutagenesis of bacillus anthracis by the streptococcal tetracycline resistance transposon tn916 is described. tn916 was transferred from streptococcus faecalis ds16c1 to b. anthracis vnr-1 by conjugation in a standard filter mating procedure. tetracycline-resistant (tcr) transconjugants were obtained at a frequency of 1.6 x 10(-8) per donor cfu. when donor and recipient cells were treated with nafcillin before conjugation, the frequency was increased nearly 10-fold. nafcillin pretreatment of don ... | 1988 | 2826334 |
| genetic organization of the bacterial conjugative transposon tn916. | tn916, which encodes resistance to tetracycline, is a 16.4-kilobase conjugative transposon originally identified on the chromosome of streptococcus faecalis ds16. the transposon has been cloned in escherichia coli on plasmid vectors, where it expresses tetracycline resistance; it can be reintroduced into s. faecalis via protoplast transformation. we have used a lambda::tn5 bacteriophage delivery system to introduce tn5 into numerous sites within tn916. the tn5 insertions had various effects on t ... | 1988 | 2826394 |
| bacillus subtilis generates a major specific deletion in pam beta 1. | pam beta 1, a 26.5-kilobase plasmid originally isolated from streptococcus faecalis, was conjugally transferred from streptococcus lactis to bacillus subtilis. no conjugal transfer of pam beta 1 from b. subtilis to s. lactis was observed. in addition, pam beta 1 which had been reintroduced in s. lactis after cycling through b. subtilis had lost its conjugal transferability to streptococcus cremoris, although under the same conditions noncycled pam beta 1 was transferred at high efficiency. restr ... | 1987 | 2827570 |
| activity of ly146032 against enterococci with and without high-level aminoglycoside resistance, including two penicillinase-producing strains. | we tested the activity of ly146032 (ly) against 57 strains of enterococci collected from chile, thailand, and the united states. some of the strains were resistant to high levels of gentamicin or streptomycin (or both), and two produced beta-lactamase (bla+). mics of ly ranged from 0.5 to 8 micrograms/ml, and mbcs ranged from 1 to 64 micrograms/ml. in time-kill assays, a 2 to 3 log10 killing effect was observed with ly against two bla+ strains of streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis and against ... | 1987 | 2829715 |
| in vitro selection of bacteria resistant to ly146032, a new cyclic lipopeptide. | isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci were investigated for their abilities, in vitro, to develop resistance to ly146032. exposure of the organisms to incremental concentrations of ly146032 resulted in mics 8- to 32-fold higher than those for the original isolates. after three passages on antibiotic-free medium, the high mics were maintained for the coagulase-negative staphylococci and pneumococci, wi ... | 1988 | 2831813 |
| ly146032, alone and in combination with gentamicin, for the treatment of enterococcal pyelonephritis in the rat model. | the in vivo and in vitro activity of ly146032 against streptococcus faecalis gk was examined. the following mics and mbcs in micrograms per milliliter were obtained: ampicillin, 0.8 and 1.5; vancomycin, 0.8 and 50; gentamicin, 12 and 25; and ly146032, 0.8 and 6. a time-kill-curve study involving approximately 10(6) organisms per ml showed a drop in the number of organisms of almost 2 log10 in the tube containing ly146032 (2 micrograms/ml) plus gentamicin (4 micrograms/ml) compared with bacterial ... | 1988 | 2831816 |
| evidence for natural gene transfer from gram-positive cocci to escherichia coli. | high-level resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin type b (mls) antibiotics in escherichia coli bm2570 is due to the presence on the conjugative plasmid pip1527 of the mls resistance determinant ermbc, which is almost identical to the erm genes previously described in plasmid pam77 from streptococcus sanguis (ermam) and in transposon tn917 from enterococcus faecalis (ermb). this gene and its regulatory region are located downstream from the insertion sequence is1. the 23s rrna methylas ... | 1988 | 2832378 |
| host-vector system for integration of recombinant dna into chromosomes of transformable and nontransformable streptococci. | we describe a genetic system in which transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus sanguis was used to insert recombinant dna into the conjugative chromosomal element omega (cat tetm) 6001 (omega 6001). the element containing the recombinant dna was then transferred by conjugation to the chromosome of transformable and nontransformable streptococci. when escherichia coli plasmid pdp36 was used as donor in transformation, it was capable of inserting 5.9 kilobases of heterologous d ... | 1988 | 2832394 |
| intergeneric and intrageneric conjugal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determinants in leuconostoc spp. | transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmids pip501 and pam beta 1 from streptococcus faecalis to leuconostoc dextranicum and leuconostoc cremoris occurred between cells that were immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of dnase. transfer of pip501 to leuconostoc spp. also occurred when streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus lactis were used as donors. in addition, transfer of pip501 and pam beta 1 was observed from l. cremoris and l. dextranicum transconjugants to s. sang ... | 1988 | 2833158 |
| impact of ly146032 on streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis translocation in mice. | the susceptibility of swiss white mice to colonization with streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis was greatly increased when the animals were given 5 mg of streptomycin sulfate per ml in their drinking water. one week after initiation of streptomycin treatment, the mice were challenged orogastrically with graded doses of streptomycin-resistant s. faecalis. the number of s. faecalis cells required to implant the intestinal tract of 50% of untreated mice was 2.9 x 10(9), but was only 4.8 x 10(3) f ... | 1988 | 2835001 |
| distinct control sites located upstream from the levansucrase gene of bacillus subtilis. | the sacr regulatory region, which modulates the expression of sacb, the structural gene for levansucrase, was separated into two parts: an upstream region which carries a constitutive promoter and a downstream region which carries a palindromic structure. three types of fusions were constructed in which the apha3 gene coding for kanamycin resistance of streptococcus faecalis was placed downstream from different deleted sacr regions. other fusions were constructed by inserting a promoter from pha ... | 1987 | 2835582 |
| sequence analysis of termini of conjugative transposon tn916. | transposon tn916 is a 16.4-kilobase, broad-host-range, conjugative transposon originally identified on the chromosome of enterococcus (streptococcus) faecalis ds16. its termini have been sequenced along with the junction regions for two different insertions. the ends were found to contain imperfect inverted repeat sequences with identity at 20 of 26 nucleotides. further in from the ends, imperfect directly repeated sequences were present, with 24 of 27 nucleotides matching. the transposon juncti ... | 1988 | 2838457 |
| in vitro evaluation of the cyclic lipopeptide ly 146032 (daptomycin). | in vitro activity of the new cyclic lipopeptide ly 146032 (daptomycin, eli lilly) was evaluated against 67 clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, 15 clinical isolates of s. epidermidis and 80 clinical isolates of streptococcus faecalis. activity was best against methicillin-resistant s. epidermidis (minimal inhibitory concentrations of ly 146032 0.25-0.5 mg/l). minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations were of similar value. ly 146032 requires physiological c ... | 1988 | 2838918 |
| restriction mapping and hybridization studies of a beta-lactamase-encoding fragment from streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis. | a restriction map of a 5.1-kilobase ecori fragment encoding an enterococcal beta-lactamase was prepared and compared with the restriction map of a cloned staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene and with the published maps of several other staphylococcal beta-lactamase genes. comparison and hybridization studies showed that there were identical restriction sites in the region of the bla structural gene but not in the region surrounding this gene. | 1988 | 2840018 |
| sequential transposition of tn916 among staphylococcus aureus protoplasts. | transposition of the streptococcus faecalis conjugal tetracycline-resistance transposon tn916 between s. aureus strains occurred when protoplasts of donor and recipient strains were regenerated together without prior fusion. under these conditions, only tn916 was transferred; spontaneous fusion of parental protoplasts is therefore unlikely to be responsible for tn916 transfer. while the exact nature of this transfer remains unclear, it appears to resemble tn916 conjugal transposition reported in ... | 1988 | 2840677 |
| [demonstration of an inoculum effect on the estimation of the minimal inhibitory concentration of ly 146032]. | this work has been performed to study the inoculum effect on the in vitro activity of ly 146032, a new lipopeptide antibiotic. a statistical analysis (x2 and t test) of the data concerning the mic of different bacterial groups has been carried out to appreciate the phenomenon. the activity of vancomycin has been compared. a major inoculum effect has been detected for ly 146032. it must be taken into account to evaluate the activity of this new antibiotic. | 1988 | 2841637 |
| molecular analysis of a composite chromosomal conjugative element (tn3701) of streptococcus pyogenes. | the plasmid-free streptococcus pyogenes a454 contains a conjugative element, tn3701, encoding resistance to erythromycin (emr), tetracycline (tcr), and minocycline (mnr). we have mapped a 50-kilobase (kb) chromosomal region of a454 corresponding to the internal part of tn3701. tn3701 includes a 19.7-kb structure, designated tn3703, on which the emr tcr mnr determinants were localized. tn3703 was very similar in structure to tn916. translocation of the emr tcr mnr markers from a454 onto pip964, a ... | 1988 | 2842292 |
| regulation of the pad1 sex pheromone response in enterococcus faecalis: construction and characterization of lacz transcriptional fusions in a key control region of the plasmid. | strains carrying the enterococcus (formerly streptococcus) faecalis plasmid pad1 responded to exogenous sex pheromone by inducing a number of gene products which facilitated mating. a 7-kilobase region of pad1 was identified which contained genes that are important for the regulation of this response. using the transposon tn917-lac delivery vector ptv32ts, we generated a number of fusions that allowed us to examine transcription in this region. at least three transcriptional units were identifie ... | 1988 | 2842316 |
| daptomycin (ly146032) treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis. | this study compared daptomycin (ly146032) with penicillin g procaine and vancomycin without and with gentamicin for treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis. the strain of streptococcus (enterococcus) faecalis used in this study was killed by daptomycin in vitro in broth but not in serum. in rabbits treated for 3 days, daptomycin significantly reduced bacterial counts of vegetations compared with no therapy but was significantly less effective than penicillin g procaine or vancomycin. ... | 1988 | 2843085 |
| cloning and expression of genes encoding pheromone-inducible antigens of enterococcus (streptococcus) faecalis. | fragments, generated by restriction enzyme digestion, of the 58-kilobase enterococcus (streptococcus) faecalis tetracycline resistance plasmid pcf10 were cloned and introduced into escherichia coli and e. faecalis to characterize the pheromone-inducible conjugation system encoded by this plasmid. western blot (immunoblot) analyses revealed that a 130-kilodalton (kda) antigen, identical to the tra130 antigen shown previously to be involved in pcf10-mediated pheromone-inducible surface exclusion, ... | 1988 | 2846512 |
| high-level resistance to gentamicin in clinical isolates of streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium. | during a 14-month period beginning in july 1986, three distinct clinical isolates of streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium demonstrating high-level resistance (mic, greater than 2,000 micrograms/ml) to gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and streptomycin were recovered from individual patients at one institution. combinations of ampicillin with any of these agents failed to show bactericidal synergism. by filter-mating techniques, high-level gentamicin resistance could be transferred into a suscep ... | 1988 | 2847632 |
| turbidimetric response of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis to daptomycin. | the response to daptomycin of three strains of staphylococcus aureus (one of which was methicillin-resistant) and a strain of enterococcus faecalis was investigated by continuous turbidimetric monitoring. daptomycin caused partial inhibition of bacterial growth at concentrations well below those suppressing growth overnight. the activity of the drug was more than 200-fold greater in the presence of a physiological concentration of calcium (2.5 mmol/l) than in its absence. variants present in cul ... | 1988 | 2850913 |
| purification of the atpase of streptococcus faecalis. | | 1988 | 2852757 |
| inter- and intrageneric transfer of tn916 between streptococcus faecalis and clostridium tetani. | we report that the streptococcal resistance transposon, tn916, is conjugally transferred to clostridium tetani (utrecht) in intergenic matings. streptococcus faecalis cg180, harboring a 41-kb plasmid (pam180) containing tn916 (15 kb), transferred the transposon-associated tetracycline resistance (tcr) to c. tetani in filter matings at a frequency of about 10(-4)/donor. an erythromycin resistance marker carried by pam180 was not transferred, indicating lack of plasmid conjugation or stable inheri ... | 1988 | 2852819 |
| tn916-dependent conjugal transfer of pc194 and pub110 from bacillus subtilis into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmids pc194 and pub110 were introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by using the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 as a mobilizing agent. plasmid transfer occurred only when b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was mated with a b. subtilis donor that contained both pc194 and pub110 and tn916; plasmid transfer was not observed in the absence of the transposon. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to chloramphenicol (cmr) and tetracycline ( ... | 1988 | 2853391 |
| tn916 delta e: a tn916 transposon derivative expressing erythromycin resistance. | the tetracycline resistance gene encoded within the transposon tn916 was replaced with the gene encoding erythromycin resistance from the plasmid pva838. the derivative transposon of tn916 was designated tn916 delta e and was introduced into the streptococcus faecalis chromosome by protoplast transformation. the conjugation/transposition functions of tn916 delta e were similar to those observed for tn916 in s. faecalis and tn916 delta e was capable of self-conjugation at frequencies similar to t ... | 1988 | 2853393 |
| norfloxacin binds to human fecal material. | earlier studies have reported very high (120 to 2,700 mg/kg) concentrations of norfloxacin in feces after therapeutic doses. mics for fecal microorganisms are with few exceptions far below these levels. nevertheless, clinical investigations show that the main part of the aerobic gram-positive and the anaerobic microflora remains unaffected after norfloxacin administration. in this study, the binding of [14c]norfloxacin to fecal material was analyzed. the binding of a group of nonlabeled quinolon ... | 1988 | 2854456 |
| a proton-translocating atpase regulates ph of the bacterial cytoplasm. | regulatory mechanisms of cytoplasmic ph in streptococcus faecalis with no respiratory chain were investigated. in a mutant defective in cytoplasmic alkalization conducted by a proton-translocating atpase (h+-atpase), the cytoplasmic ph is approximately 0.4 to 0.5 ph units lower than the medium ph, at ph 5.5 to 9.0. the cytoplasmic ph of the wild-type strain was always higher than that of the mutant at a ph below 8 and was the same as that of the mutant at an alkaline ph over 8. thus, the cytopla ... | 1985 | 2856922 |
| atp-driven exchange of na+ and k+ ions by streptococcus faecalis. | we describe the characterization of ktrii, a novel potassium transport system of streptococcus faecalis, first discovered by h. kobayashi [1982) j. bacteriol. 150, 506-511). ktrii requires sodium ions and mediates the stoichiometric exchange of internal na+ for external k+. potassium accumulation is not energized by the electrochemical potentials of either h+ or na+; the energy source is probably atp. two lines of evidence indicate that ktrii is a manifestation of the sodium-stimulated atpase re ... | 1985 | 2857711 |
| chemotaxis by entamoeba histolytica. | a micropore membrane procedure to assay taxis by entamoeba histolytica is described and the results of studies of responses to a variety of soluble substances, bacteria, an rat colon washings using this procedure are reported. trophozoites migrated in blind well chambers through 8-micron pore size polycarbonate membranes but not nitrocellulose membranes up to 12 micron pore size. amoebae were attracted toward fresh axenic culture medium (tyi-s), an enzymatic hydrolysate of casein (trypticase), a ... | 1985 | 2861283 |
| enterococci in lambs. | | 1985 | 2862641 |
| in vitro effects of sulphasalazine, azodisal sodium, and their metabolites on clostridium difficile and some other faecal bacteria. | the effects of sulphasalazine (sasp), azodisal sodium (ads), and their metabolites were tested in vitro on aerobic and anaerobic faecal bacterial strains. sulphapyridine (sp) had a mild to moderate effect on escherichia coli and streptococcus faecalis. sasp also had a growth-inhibitory effect on strep. faecalis. the other substances had no effect on the aerobic strains. sasp, sp, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and, to a certain extent, n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid exerted a growth-inhibitory effect on ... | 1985 | 2862692 |
| effect of bacterial products on prostaglandin e production by amnion cells. | an in-vitro model was set up to study a possible causal relation between bacterial colonisation of extraplacental membranes and spontaneous preterm labour. when amnion cells in tissue culture were exposed to bacterial products, their prostaglandin e output rose considerably. the degree of response varied with the organism. these findings support the theory that bacterial products may be responsible for the premature onset of labour. | 1985 | 2866389 |
| an investigation into in vitro methods for the detection of chlorhexidine resistance. | during an outbreak of catheter-related urinary tract infection, due to proteus mirabilis, it was suggested that the epidemic strain was resistant to chlorhexidine. in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of chlorhexidine to the epidemic pr. mirabilis and other laboratory isolates were tested in different media. results were compared with killing times using 1/4 strength ringers solution, normal human urine and the in vivo killing times in two patients' catheter bags. it was f ... | 1985 | 2868036 |
| the seasonality of bacterial quality of water in a tropical developing country (sierra leone). | natural water sources used as drinking-water supplies by rural settlements in sierra leone were examined monthly over a one-year period to detect any seasonal variations in bacterial quality. the 37 degrees c colony count, levels of selected faecal indicator bacteria and the incidence of salmonella spp. were monitored. a seasonality was demonstrated for all the variables, counts generally increasing with the progression of the dry season, culminating in peaks at the transition from dry to wet se ... | 1986 | 2869083 |
| cefotetan compared with gentamicin and tinidazole in acute abdominal surgery. | in a prospective randomised trial 190 consecutive admissions undergoing emergency abdominal surgery were allocated to receive a 24-h peri-operative prophylactic regime of either cefotetan or gentamicin and tinidazole. wound sepsis developed in 14 patients in each group and one patient in each group developed intra-abdominal abscess. nine patients in the cefotetan group and 10 patients in the gentamicin and tinidazole group died within 1 month of surgery. the death of one patient in each group wa ... | 1986 | 2870109 |
| (1-amino-2-propenyl) phosphonic acid, an inhibitor of alanine racemase and d-alanine:d-alanine ligase. | dl-(1-amino-2-propenyl)phosphonic acid was synthesized through the sequential oxidation, sulfoxide elimination, and deprotection of diphenyl [1-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(phenylthio)propyl] phosphonate. this analogue of vinylglycine is a strong inhibitor of the alanine racemases from pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus faecalis and of the d-ala:d-ala ligase from this latter species. this molecule is ineffective against the whole bacterial cells. unlike vinylglycine, this unsaturated phos ... | 1986 | 2870190 |
| activity of teicoplanin in localized experimental infections in rats. | we tested the ability of teicoplanin alone and in combination with rifampicin or gentamicin to cure experimental endocarditis and granuloma pouch infections in rats caused by streptococcus faecalis, str. sanguis, methicillin-sensitive and -resistant staphylococcus aureus. vancomycin and ampicillin were also tested. teicoplanin was more active than vancomycin and ampicillin. combinations of teicoplanin with rifampicin or gentamicin were significantly more effective than single drug therapy. these ... | 1986 | 2871103 |
| the efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison to gentamicin in the treatment of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats. | a reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to stimulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. pre-operatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. a 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. the intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. the segment o ... | 1986 | 2872197 |
| potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures. | interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ... | 1986 | 2875188 |
| streptococci as urinary pathogens. | in a 2-month prospective study of streptococci isolated from urine specimens in the laboratory, 242 strains of catalase-negative gram-positive cocci or coccobacilli were isolated in substantial numbers from 11,725 specimens. these comprised 10% of the important isolates. species identification of all isolates was undertaken. 74 (30%) of the isolates were of species other than streptococcus faecalis and s agalactiae. 79 (33%) were not detected on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar after ... | 1986 | 2875237 |
| per-operative antibiotic treatment in cardiovascular surgery: the influence of methicillin versus cephalothin on post-operative infections and bacterial colonization. | this paper reports the results of a prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis in 543 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. all patients were given per-operatively either methicillin, 1 g four times a day, or cephalothin, 1 g four times a day. there was no significant difference in the frequency of postoperative infections between the two groups. it was established that per-operative antibiotic prophylaxis selected resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) in the nasal flora of cardiac ... | 1986 | 2876034 |
| anaerobes and septic abortion. | the bacterial flora of the genital tracts of twenty-two patients with septic abortion and twenty normal women (as controls) were studied to determine the significant aetiological agents. the predominant flora qualitatively and quantitatively in the twenty-two patients were anaerobes. bacteroides bivius was isolated from all the twenty-two patients and from twelve out of twenty normal controls. the next commonest anaerobes were b. asaccharolyticus (fourteen out of twenty-two patients), b. melanin ... | 1986 | 2876619 |
| etiological agent and primary source of infection in 42 cases of focal intracranial suppuration. | the microbiological findings for 42 patients with focal intracranial suppuration were analyzed and correlated with the different sources of primary infection. streptococcus spp. were identified in focal intracranial suppuration of all origins except postcraniotomy. microaerophilic streptococci were important in cases secondary to respiratory tract infection and in those of unknown origin. streptococcus faecalis, proteus spp., and bacteroides fragilis were the organisms most commonly found in pol ... | 1986 | 2877009 |
| [reasons for the formation of hydrogen sulfide in regenerated water]. | the factors responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide in the water reclaimed from the atmospheric condensate were investigated. it was found that hydrogen sulphide developed in reclaimed water due to microorganisms which in the presence of inorganic sulphur (sodium thiosulphate) acquired the capacity to produce hydrogen sulphide, although normally they are not sulphur reducing. among the microorganisms studied, e. coli showed the highest capacity (100%) and streptococcus faecalis and ci ... | 1986 | 2878108 |
| incidence of colonic lesions in streptococcus bovis and enterococcal endocarditis. | | 1987 | 2882164 |
| a bacteriological examination of breast pumps. | in an investigation of the source of an outbreak of serratia marcescens infection in a special care baby unit, several breast pumps used in the hospital and community were examined. the epidemic strain was isolated from two pumps and other gram-negative organisms, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis were isolated from seven. the findings indicate that breast pumps may be a potential source of contamination of the user, her breast milk, infant and environment. our recommendations reg ... | 1987 | 2883225 |
| evaluation of dishwashing machines in four hospitals. | fifteen dishwashing machines tested in four different hospitals failed to satisfy the minimum heat treatment requirement of 82 degrees c for 2 min for satisfactory thermal disinfection. the causes of failure included design faults in the machines with lack of time temperature controls, hard water supply, inadequately treated water, improper softening and inadequate preventative maintenance. | 1987 | 2886536 |
| membrane-associated and solubilized atpases of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis. | the proton-translocating, membrane atpases of oral streptococci have been implicated in cytoplasmic ph regulation, acidurance, and cariogenicity. membranes were isolated from streptococcus mutans gs-5 and streptococcus sanguis nctc 10904 following salt-induced lysis of cells treated with lysozyme and mutanolysin. the atpase activities of these membranes were 1.8 and 1.1 units per mg membrane protein, respectively. f1 atpases were washed free from the membranes and purified by fast protein liquid ... | 1987 | 2887601 |
| effect of infection with eimeria tenella upon the cecal bacterial population in monoflora chickens. | monoflora chickens were established at 2 days of age by an oral inoculation with one of six species of bacteria (lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium thermophilum, bacteroides vulgatus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, or streptococcus faecalis) and were infected with eimeria tenella (5 x 10(4) oocysts per bird) 2 days later. there were two experimental groups for each bacterium: birds infected with bacteria alone and birds infected with a combination of bacteria and e. tenella. ... | 1987 | 2888103 |
| some aspects on l-dopa decarboxylase and p-tyrosine decarboxylase in the central nervous and peripheral tissues of the american cockroach periplaneta americana. | 1. aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activities toward l-dopa (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), 5-htp (5-hydroxytryptophan) and p-tyrosine in different tissues of the sclerotized and newly ecdysed cockroach were analyzed. 2. the ratios of enzyme activity with regard to l-dopa and p-tyrosine varied considerably in the tissues and between the two different growth stages. 3. a dopa decarboxylase and a p-tyrosine decarboxylase were separated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. 4. the op ... | 1987 | 2888574 |
| the resistance of urinary tract pathogens to chlorhexidine bladder washouts. | isolates of providencia stuartii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae and streptococcus faecalis from urinary-tract infections in spinally-injured patients together with escherichia coli 10418 were challenged with chlorhexidine (200 mg l-1) in a model of a catheterized bladder under conditions which simulate the bladder washout technique. all species survived the antiseptic. organisms growing on the wall of the bladder model appeared to be particularly resistant and ... | 1987 | 2888808 |
| osteomyelitis secondary to trauma or infected contiguous soft tissue. | nonhematogenous osteomyelitis (nho) occurred in 24 pediatric patients (ages 8 months to 18 years; median, 14 years; 23 male) admitted from 1980 to 1985. predisposing factors included compound fracture (12), deep decubiti (4) and foot puncture (3). infection involved tibia (7), foot bones (6), proximal femur (3) and ulna (2). patients presented with drainage (64%), pain or tenderness (44%) and fever (32%) lasting for 1 to 180 days (median, 10 days). in 24% both white blood cell count and erythroc ... | 1988 | 2893333 |
| molecular characterization of the resolvase gene, res, carried by a multicopy plasmid from clostridium perfringens: common evolutionary origin for prokaryotic site-specific recombinases. | clostridium perfringens strain cpn50 harbours a 10.2 kb plasmid known as pip404 which, in addition to a set of uv-inducible genes involved in bacteriocin production, carries res, a gene probably encoding a site-specific recombinase. the res protein is highly homologous to the resolvases of transposons from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as enzymes involved in site-specific dna inversion. a likely role for the res protein would be to stabilize pip404 by reducing the number ... | 1987 | 2896291 |
| difficult streptococci. | streptococci pose difficulties in laboratory and clinical diagnosis and in therapy. they are important pathogens with both potential for high mortality in acute infections and endocarditis, and recurrence and persistence in foreign-body associated infections. prevention of serious infection and spread of infection pose a number of hospital problems but hospital difficulties may originate in community wide outbreaks which also require investigation and control. our experience with septicaemia cau ... | 1988 | 2896732 |
| high-level gentamicin resistance in streptococcus faecalis. | | 1988 | 2897024 |
| simplified methods for the microbiological evaluation of bottled natural mineral waters. | the conventional methods for the microbiological examination of natural mineral water were compared with a simplified procedure. the results indicate that when indicator micro-organisms are present in water, they may not be detected in the simplified method. an alternative procedure, including the determination of pseudomonas aeruginosa, is suggested. | 1988 | 2898469 |
| novel streptococcal mutants defective in the regulation of h+-atpase biosynthesis and in f0 complex. | in streptococcus faecalis (faecium), the cytoplasmic ph is regulated by proton extrusion via a proton translocating f1f0-atpase; the level of this enzyme increases in response to cytoplasmic acidification (kobayashi, h., suzuki, t., and unemoto, t. (1986) j. biol. chem. 261, 627-630). we describe here two novel acid-sensitive mutants, designated as8 and as17, that contain atpase activity but fail to grow on acid media. our data suggested that in mutant as17, acidification of the cytoplasm stimul ... | 1988 | 2900247 |
| introduction of the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the conjugative streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 was introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by filter matings with s. faecalis. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to tetracycline (tetr) were detected at a frequency of approximately 7.0 x 10(-7) per recipient cell during filter matings, whereas transfer of tn916 was not observed in broth matings. the tetr phenotype in subsp. israelensis was stable in the absence of antibiotic selection. southern hybridization ana ... | 1988 | 2901772 |
| failure of gentamicin when injected through 0.2 micron filter. | | 1988 | 2904030 |
| measurement of active constitutive l-pyrrolidonyl-peptidase from the genera streptococcus and enterococcus. | in the family streptococceae the ability to measure l-pyrrolidonyl-peptidase is limited to lancefield group d enterococcus and group a streptococcus pyogenes. a number of methods exist to assay this enzyme. all measure pyrrolidonyl-peptidase by the ability of the bacterium to cleave l-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide to form free beta-naphthylamine and l-pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid. free beta-naphthylamine is then reacted with n,n-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde to form a red color complex. these me ... | 1988 | 2905761 |
| microbiological investigation of an outbreak of bacteraemia due to streptococcus faecalis in an intensive care unit. | an increased incidence of bacteraemia due to streptococcus faecalis in a critical care and trauma centre (cctc) during november 1985 prompted investigation. during the epidemic 21 blood cultures from five cctc patients were positive for s. faecalis. a point prevalence culture survey revealed two more strains from wounds from two of these five patients. fifteen strains from blood cultures and the two strains from wound sites were further characterized by conventional biotyping methods and suscept ... | 1988 | 2907332 |
| evaluation of the combination effects of ampicillin or vancomycin combined with streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin or netilmicin against enterococci. | seven strains of streptococcus faecalis, of which two possessed high-level resistance to streptomycin (mic greater than or equal to 2000 mcg/ml), and two strains of streptococcus faecium were evaluated with respect to killing-effect and duration of post-antibiotic effect (pae) of ampicillin and vancomycin in combination with streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin. no synergistic combination effects were seen with the two strains highly-resistant to streptomycin or with the two strep ... | 1989 | 2914103 |
| effect of chlorhexidine rinsing on the oropharyngeal ecology in patients with head and neck cancer who have irradiation mucositis. | oral flora is thought to contribute to irradiation mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. neglect of oral hygienic care may also contribute to mucositis. the purpose of this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine 0.1% mouthrinses on oral flora and irradiation mucositis. this study included 30 patients with head and neck cancer who had comparable irradiation portals. one group (n = 15) rinsed four times daily with chlo ... | 1989 | 2919059 |
| [serious infections in alcoholics. 2. etiology of bacteremia and meningitis in alcoholics discharged from hospitals in funen 1981, 1984 and 1986]. | in 1981, 1984 and 1986 relatively more episodes of bacteremia with corynebacterium in one or two tubes out of twelve were found in alcoholics and these normally negligible episodes may be a iatrogenic marker of intubation and esophagoscopy in alcoholics. definite bacteremic episodes with e. coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, streptococcus pneumoniae, proteus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, streptococcus faecalis, haemolytic streptococcus and bacteroides were found in 0.79% of alcoho ... | 1989 | 2919457 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 3-substituted carbacephems. | a series of novel 3-heterocyclothio substituted carbacephems having phenylglycyl side chain have been prepared starting from 3-h carbacephem. the compounds exhibit better chemical stability than the corresponding cephalosporin and strong activity against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms including enterococcus faecalis. | 1989 | 2925519 |
| bloodstream infections in the elderly. | bacteremia in the elderly is associated with a different clinical course and a higher mortality rate when compared with that in younger age groups. in order to examine these issues in the aged, we reviewed the clinical course and factors involved in the outcome of 100 episodes of bloodstream infections in patients over 65 years of age. | 1989 | 2929625 |
| bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in serum and urine against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecalis. | ten volunteers received three doses of 500 mg ciprofloxacin, orally every 12 hours. after the last dose, mean serum levels were (mg/l +/- sd) 2.4 +/- 0.83 at 1 h; 0.91 +/- 0.30 at 4 h and 0.18 +/- 0.04 at 12 h. at 1 h the median serum bactericidal activity was satisfactory only against the escherichia coli (1:256) and klebsiella pneumoniae (1:128). in urine collected from 0 to 4 h and 8 to 12 h after the last dose, the mean ciprofloxacin level was respectively 482.5 +/- 324.7 and 80.9 +/- 48.2 m ... | 1985 | 2932416 |