| incidence and clinical presentation of invasive neonatal group b streptococcal infections in germany. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. so far, there have been no published data on the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of invasive neonatal group b streptococcus infections in germany. | 2006 | 16682492 |
| identification of novel cps locus polymorphisms in nontypable group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases in newborns and the elderly. a clinical gbs isolate is considered nontypable (nt) when serological methods fail to identify it as one of nine known gbs serotypes. eight clinical isolates (designated a1-a4, b1-b4) showed pfge profiles similar to that of a gbs serotype v strain expressing r1, r4 surface proteins. these unique isolates were further characterized by immunologic and genetic methods. rabbit sera ... | 2006 | 16687599 |
| sirs and group-b streptococcal sepsis in newborns: pathogenesis and perspectives in adjunctive therapy. | clinical signs of systemic inflammation and suspected systemic infection are common in neonatal medicine. yet, causative infectious organisms can only infrequently be isolated. in previously healthy infants at low risk of sepsis, group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common isolate. in vitro and in vivo data suggest that immune cells from newborn infants have impaired antimicrobial properties against gbs. in contrast large amounts of inflammatory mediators are formed upon gbs challenge and tol ... | 2006 | 16690364 |
| understanding the bacterial polysaccharide antigenicity of streptococcus agalactiae versus streptococcus pneumoniae. | bacterial surface capsular polysaccharides (cps) that are similar in carbohydrate sequence may differ markedly in immunogenicity and antigenicity. the structural origin of these phenomena is poorly understood. such a case is presented by the gram-positive bacteria streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) type iii (gbsiii) and streptococcus pneumoniae (pn) type 14 (pn14), which share closely related cps sequences. nevertheless, antibodies (abs) against gbsiii rarely cross-react with ... | 2006 | 16705032 |
| interaction of neonatal phagocytes with group b streptococcus: recognition and response. | | 2006 | 16714536 |
| vaccines under development: group b streptococcus, herpes-zoster, hiv, malaria and dengue. | to review the current state of development of streptococcus b, herpes-zoster, hiv, malaria and dengue vaccines. these vaccines were selected both because of imminent commercial release and because of specific problems with their development. | 2006 | 16721441 |
| initial approach to the infant younger than 2 months of age who presents with fever. | fever is common in infants presenting to their physicians for evaluation. infants younger than 2 months of age are at increased risk of sbi because of their exposure to different pathogens and because of their immature immune systems. the bacteria that may infect them include e coli, group b streptococcus, and l monocytogenes, as well as pneumococcus, neisseria meningitidis, s aureus, and h influenzae. they are also susceptible to viruses, parasites, and fungi. clinical characteristics associate ... | 1995 | 16731350 |
| group b streptococcus induces macrophage apoptosis by calpain activation. | group b streptococcus (gbs) has developed several strategies to evade immune defenses. we show that gbs induces macrophage (mphi) membrane permeability defects and apoptosis, prevented by inhibition of calcium influx but not caspases. we analyze the molecular mechanisms of gbs-induced murine mphi apoptosis. gbs causes a massive intracellular calcium increase, strictly correlated to membrane permeability defects and apoptosis onset. calcium increase was associated with activation of calcium-depen ... | 2006 | 16751401 |
| [streptococcus agalactiae in nonpregnant adults]. | the pathogenic capacity of streptococcus agalactiae or group b streptococcus (gbs) has been increasing in nonpregnant adults. we carried out a study about the pathogenic capacity and susceptibility to antibiotics of gbs strains isolated between january 2003 and june 2004 in farhat hached hospital of sousse (tunisian general hospital). methods: identification of strains was carried out according to usual bacteriological characters. susceptibility of gbs to antibiotics was carried out according to ... | 2006 | 16755956 |
| streptococcus agalactiae cbeta protein gene (bac) sequence types, based on the repeated region of the cell-wall-spanning domain: relationship to virulence and a proposed standardized nomenclature. | the cbeta protein (bac) of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) is an iga binding protein encoded by bac, of which at least 39 sequence types have been described, based on polymorphisms in the repeated region of the cell-wall-spanning domain ('bac sequence types'). cbeta is usually found in serotype ib, less commonly in serotype ii, and rarely in other serotypes. the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, variety and distribution, among gbs serotypes and between invasi ... | 2006 | 16772408 |
| [a case of group b streptococcus endogenous endophthalmitis in elderly man with diabetes mellitus]. | endogenous endophthalmitis (ebe) is intraocular infection usually associated by bcteremia. although, ebe is an uncommon disease, visually prognosis is very poor. immune suppressive disease, such as diabetes or malignancy is a predisposing factor of ebe. although, in east asia, including japan, gram negative organisms reported as common pathogen causing ebe, we here repot a case of group b streptococcus ebe. a 53- year old man, who has history of diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our hospital wi ... | 2006 | 16780135 |
| lower extremity reconstruction after necrotising fasciitis and necrotic skin lesions using a porcine-derived skin substitute. | seven consecutive clinical cases of necrotising fasciitis or necrotic skin lesions (42-78 years old; average 65.0 years of age, three females and four males) due to group a streptococcus, group b streptococcus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lower extremities, who demonstrated rapid systemic symptoms, were investigated for the usefulness of a bilayer artificial dermis, derived from porcine tendons, over 4 +/- 2.4 years (1-7 years). all surgic ... | 2006 | 16782574 |
| group b streptococcal bacteremia in non-pregnant adults. | an increasing incidence of group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in non-pregnant adults has been noted in recent years. to understand the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of gbs bacteremia in non-pregnant adults, we conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary teaching hospital in taiwan. | 2006 | 16783455 |
| a mechanism for neurodegeneration induced by group b streptococci through activation of the tlr2/myd88 pathway in microglia. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and neurological morbidity in newborn infants. the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which this common organism causes cns injury are unknown. we show that both heat-inactivated whole gbs and a secreted proteinaceous factor from gbs (gbs-f) induce neuronal apoptosis via the activation of murine microglia through a tlr2-dependent and myd88-dependent pathway in vitro. microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, but not neuron ... | 2006 | 16785556 |
| assembly and role of pili in group b streptococci. | streptococcus agalactiae[group b streptococcus (gbs)] is the leading cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. an in silico genome analysis indicated that gbs strain nem316 encodes five putative sortases, including the major class a sortase enzyme and four class c sortases. the genes encoding the class c sortases are tandemly arranged in two different loci, srtc1-c2 and srtc3-c4, with a similar genetic organization and are thought to be involved in pilus biosynthesis. each pair of sort ... | 2006 | 16796677 |
| clonal variability of group b streptococcus among different groups of carriers in southern israel. | a high prevalence of maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage and an extremely low incidence of invasive neonatal disease have been reported from southern israel. in order to obtain insight into this discrepancy, this study was performed to determine the population structure of gbs from asymptomatic pregnant women living in this area. seventy-two strains from maternal gbs carriers were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). epidemiologic characteristics of the carriers and t ... | 2006 | 16802129 |
| [vaginal colonization of the streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant woman in tunisia: risk factors and susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics]. | streptococcus agalactiae or group b streptococcus (gbs) is one of the main bacterial causes of serious infections in newborns. we have evaluated prospectively gbs vaginal colonization in pregnant women and we have tried to determine the risk factors of the colonization by gbs and the particularities of the different isolated strains. we have screened 300 pregnant women with vaginal and anal sample in a same swab. thirty nine (13%) pregnant women are colonized by sgb, 0% in the first trimester, 1 ... | 2006 | 16821439 |
| rapid detection of the "highly virulent" group b streptococcus st-17 clone. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) revealed that the sequence type st-17 defines a "highly virulent" serotype iii clone strongly associated with neonatal invasive infections. our aim was to identify a target sequence enabling rapid, simple, and specific detection of this clone by a real-time pcr assay. conventional methods for dna manipulation and gene analyses were used to characterize the gbs2018 gene variant sp ... | 2006 | 16822689 |
| identification of novel genomic islands coding for antigenic pilus-like structures in streptococcus agalactiae. | we have recently reported the presence of covalently linked pilus-like structures in the human pathogen, group b streptococcus (gbs). the pilus operon codes for three proteins which contain the conserved amino acid motif, lpxtg, associated with cell wall-anchored proteins together with two genes coding for sortase enzymes. analysis of the eight sequenced genomes of gbs has led to the identification of a second, related genomic island of which there are two variants, each containing genes coding ... | 2006 | 16824100 |
| molecular characterization of nontypeable group b streptococcus. | traditionally, the capsular polysaccharide (cps) antigen has been used to distinguish between the nine known serotypes of group b streptococcus (gbs) by classical antibody-antigen reactions. in this study, we used pcr for all cpss and selected protein antigens, multilocus sequencing typing (mlst), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to molecularly characterize 92 clinical isolates identified as nontypeable (nt) by cps-specific antibody-antigen reactivity. the pcr and mlst were performed ... | 2006 | 16825355 |
| use of lactococcus lactis expressing pili from group b streptococcus as a broad-coverage vaccine against streptococcal disease. | recent data indicate that the human pathogen group b streptococcus (gbs) produces pilus-like structures encoded in genomic islands with similar organization to pathogenicity islands. on the basis of the amino acid sequence of their protein components, 3 different types of pili have been identified in gbs, at least 1 of which is present in all isolates. we recently demonstrated that recombinant pilus proteins protect mice from lethal challenge with gbs and are thus potential vaccine candidates. h ... | 2006 | 16826481 |
| the frequency of genes encoding three putative group b streptococcal virulence factors among invasive and colonizing isolates. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes severe infections in very young infants and invasive disease in pregnant women and adults with underlying medical conditions. gbs pathogenicity varies between and within serotypes, with considerable variation in genetic content between strains. three proteins, rib encoded by rib, and alpha and beta c proteins encoded by bca and bac, respectively, have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates for gbs. it is not known, however, whether these genes occur mor ... | 2006 | 16846499 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of a rapid polymerase chain reaction for detection of group b streptococcus. | the objective of this study was to compare detection of group b streptococcal (gbs) carriage using 'real-time' polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and microbiological standard culture. the study design was a test accuracy study comparing a novel molecular technique against the standard microbiological cultural technique in normal pregnant women. the setting and population consisted of 143 pregnant women with pre-labour rupture of the membranes, recruited from two large teaching hospitals in the uk. ... | 2006 | 16846863 |
| outcomes in gestations between 20 and 25 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membranes. | preterm deliveries complicate 11% of all births within the united states. in the urban inner city population, this figure approaches approximately 18%. in one quarter to one third of these deliveries, preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pprom) has been a causative factor. | 2006 | 16866051 |
| unusual report of diaper rash in a premature infant with group b streptococcal infection. | we present the case of a 980-g, female, premature infant with a late-onset maternofetal sepsis, of which the first sign was a diaper-shaped cellulitis. this dermatologic sign in a premature infant is very unusual and needs prompt investigation. late-onset group b streptococcus infection can be manifested by a cellulitis-adenitis syndrome. | 2006 | 16874180 |
| genetic relatedness between group b streptococci originating from bovine mastitis and a human group b streptococcus type v cluster displaying an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. | twenty isolates of group b streptococcus (gbs) were recovered from the milk of cows with bovine mastitis on three farms located in the south and south-east of brazil between 1987 and 1988. these isolates were characterised by molecular methods and compared with a collection of 103 human gbs isolates from colonised and infected patients in the same region between 1980 and 2003. some of the bovine isolates shared identical or similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns with a pfge clo ... | 2006 | 16882294 |
| transport of multidrug resistance substrates by the streptococcus agalactiae hemolysin transporter. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) causes neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, as well as infections of the bovine udder. the s. agalactiae hemolysin is regarded as an important virulence factor, and hemolysin expression is dependent on the cyl gene cluster. cyla and cylb encode the atp binding and transmembrane domains of a typical atp binding cassette (abc) transporter. the deduced proteins contain the signature sequence of a multidrug resistance (mdr) transporter, a ... | 2006 | 16885467 |
| [high prevalence of group b streptococcus colonization in mexican pregnant women]. | to determine the prevalence of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in two anatomical sites in mexican women of childbearing age, as well as the associated risk factors. | 2006 | 16886755 |
| physician documentation of neonatal risk assessment for perinatal infections. | charts of newborn infants were reviewed for documentation of maternal risk factors and prenatal screening test results. physician documentation was incomplete in most infants. nearly half of all infants were discharged without documentation regarding maternal status of hepatitis b, syphilis, and group b streptococcus. these lapses in newborn assessment have a potential for significant medical errors. | 2006 | 16887449 |
| pilot study to prevent early-onset group b streptococcal disease in newborns. | the purpose of this study was to: 1) examine the occurrence of early-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) disease in newborns, and 2) describe the relationship between early-onset gbs disease in the newborn and the number of doses of antibiotics the mother received before delivery. | 2006 | 16890133 |
| morbidity related to maternal group b streptococcal infections. | group b streptococcus is known to be a leading cause of neonatal infection, but less appreciated is the fact that it causes maternal infection also. maternal group b streptococcal infections during pregnancy and delivery threaten not only the mother, but the child as well. postpartum infection, such as mastitis, bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, endometritis, and wound infections are hazards to the mother. we describe the various maternal group b streptococcal infections, their characteristics, as ... | 2006 | 16929406 |
| issues of antimicrobial resistance in group b streptococcus in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. | the implementation of a culture screening-based approach to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has been associated with substantial reduction in the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcal disease. antibiotic prophylaxis is recognized as an interim strategy awaiting the licensure of a safe and effective conjugate vaccine for prevention of group b streptococcal infections in all susceptible populations. this article addresses concerns relating to antimicrobial resistance among group b stre ... | 2006 | 16934709 |
| penicillin skin testing in pregnant women with a history of penicillin allergy and group b streptococcus colonization. | the safety and utility of penicillin skin testing (pst) in pregnant women with a history of penicillin allergy and group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization have not been studied. | 2006 | 16937745 |
| brevundimonas vesicularis septic arthritis in an immunocompetent child. | septic arthritis is a rapidly destructive form of joint disease. the most common causative agents in children are staphylococcus aureus and kingella kingae, followed by group a streptococcus and streptococcus pneumoniae, and in neonates, enterobacteracea and group b streptococcus. in this paper, we describe a previously healthy toddler with septic arthritis of the shoulder joint caused by brevundimonas vesicularis. prompt treatment with cefuroxime resulted in a full recovery. this is the first r ... | 2007 | 16941131 |
| prevalence of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in pregnant women. | to estimate the extent of staphylococcus aureus vaginal-rectal colonization among pregnant women as severe s aureus infections have emerged in pregnant and postpartum women and infants. | 2006 | 16946204 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for group b streptococcus detection using an improved culture method. | the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis to laboring women who harbor group b streptococci (gbs) depends on identification of carriers. we sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of gbs using a more stringent culture method. | 2006 | 16946205 |
| focal adhesion kinase is involved in type iii group b streptococcal invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | group b streptococcus (gbs), the leading cause of neonatal meningitis, has been shown to invade human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec), which constitute the blood-brain barrier. gbs invasion of hbmec has been shown to require the host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. the present study examined the mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton rearrangements that are involved in type iii gbs invasion of hbmec. we showed that type iii gbs invasion was inhibited by genistein, a gener ... | 2006 | 16949788 |
| granadaene: proposed structure of the group b streptococcus polyenic pigment. | the goal of this work was to determine the chemical nature of the red pigment produced by streptococcus agalactiae, which has been thought to be a carotene. we extracted the pigment with 0.1 m koh and purified it by column chromatography on sephadex lh. data from elemental analysis and mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra lead us to propose the structure to be that of a new ornithine rhamno-polyene with 12 conjugated double bonds, to which we have assigned the trivial name granadaene. | 2006 | 16957264 |
| anaphylaxis to cefazolin during labor secondary to prophylaxis for group b streptococcus: a case report. | anaphylaxis is an uncommon event during pregnancy, but if it does arise, it can lead to serious fetal consequences even if there are no serious long-term maternal complications. | 2006 | 16967637 |
| neonatal infection: group b streptococcus. | | 2006 | 16973020 |
| molecular serotype identification of streptococcus agalactiae of bovine origin by multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) hybridization assay. | we used a multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) hybridization assay and sequencing of a variable region of the cps cluster to identify serotypes of 140 streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) isolates from cattle. only 71 (51%) isolates were typeable using antisera, but molecular serotypes (ms) were assigned to 133 (95%) and 139 (99%) isolates by partial cpse-cpsf-cpsg sequencing and mpcr/rlb, respectively. ninety-four isolates (67%) belonged to ms iii and most belonged ... | 2006 | 16978362 |
| identification of an erm(t) gene in strains of inducibly clindamycin-resistant group b streptococcus. | five inducibly clindamycin (cli)-resistant group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates, all negative for erm(a) and erm(b) genes, were found to contain erm(t), a gene previously reported in erythromycin-resistant animal isolates of lactobacillus spp. and human isolates of streptococcus bovis. one additional gbs isolate, constitutively resistant to cli, was also positive for the erm(t) gene in addition to erm(b). to our knowledge, this is the 1st report of erm(t) in gbs, the 2nd bacterial species from h ... | 2007 | 16989973 |
| group b streptococcal capsular sialic acids interact with siglecs (immunoglobulin-like lectins) on human leukocytes. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is classified into nine serotypes that vary in capsular polysaccharide (cps) architecture but share in common the presence of a terminal sialic acid (sia) residue. this position and linkage of gbs sia closely resembles that of cell surface glycans found abundantly on human cells. cd33-related siglecs (cd33rsiglecs) are a family of sia-binding lectins expressed on host leukocytes that engage host sia-capped glycans and send signals that dampen inflammatory gene activat ... | 2007 | 16997964 |
| the group b streptococcus nadh oxidase nox-2 is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during aerobic growth and contributes to virulence. | numerous streptococcaceae produce an h2o-forming nadh oxidase, nox-2, which has been generally implicated in aerobic survival. we examined the roles of nox-2 in group b streptococcus (gbs), a leading agent of neonatal infections. while nox2 inactivation caused an aerobic growth arrest, no improvement was seen by addition of antioxidants to cultures, suggesting that this defect was not due to accumulation of toxic oxygen species. using several approaches, we show that the observed inability of th ... | 2006 | 16999835 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution of streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women]. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. the aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of gbs isolated from pregnant women. a total of 671 pregnant women were screened for vaginal carriage of gbs, and vaginal colonization rate was found to be 14.6%. all gbs isolates were susceptible to penicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and ofloxacin. the rates of gbs resistance ... | 2006 | 17001843 |
| group b streptococcus carriers among hiv-1-infected pregnant women according to gestational age and regional site of colonization: rate of recovery from various sites. | | 2006 | 17003673 |
| ventricular peritoneal shunt infection resulting from group b streptococcus. | to report, to our knowledge, the first case of a ventricular peritoneal shunt infection by group b streptococcus occurring in infancy. | 2006 | 17006384 |
| dna sequence-based detection of group b streptococcus directly from heart valve tissue in a patient with culture-negative endocarditis. | a human case of culture-negative bacterial endocarditis is presented where conventional methods failed to determine a microbial aetiology. dna sequencing performed directly on autopsy heart valve tissue revealed streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus). to our knowledge, this is the first report of dna sequence-based detection of this organism directly from a heart valve. | 2006 | 17008243 |
| prevention of group b streptococcal infection in neonates. | most publications on the subject of group b streptococcus since december 1996 have concentrated on supporting and to some degree extending our existing knowledge of the epidemiology of group b streptococcus and of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which is the only approach available for reducing the incidence of group b streptococcal infection. of greatest importance clinically are the reviews and studies on intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which continue to show that this is a worth ... | 1998 | 17033399 |
| group b streptococcal pilus proteins contribute to adherence to and invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. | surface filamentous structures known as pili have been discovered recently in the gram-positive streptococcal pathogens that cause invasive disease in humans, including group b streptococcus (gbs). we show that two gbs proteins involved in pilus formation, encoded by pila and pilb, also facilitate the interaction of this important agent of central nervous system infection with endothelial cells of the human blood-brain barrier. | 2007 | 17041051 |
| two cases of group a streptococcal vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults in a sexual health setting. | two cases of group a streptococcus (gas) causing vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults are described. a review of the literature of genital gas is made, as this is an uncommon cause of vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults. contrasts are made between anogenital carriage of gas and group b streptococcus (gbs) to highlight the differences in anogenital carriage between these two organisms. | 2006 | 17044225 |
| penicillin-binding protein 1a promotes resistance of group b streptococcus to antimicrobial peptides. | evasion of host immune defenses is critical for the progression of invasive infections caused by the leading neonatal pathogen, group b streptococcus (gbs). upon characterizing the factors required for virulence in a neonatal rat sepsis model, we found that a surface-associated penicillin-binding protein (pbp1a), encoded by pona, played an essential role in resistance of gbs to phagocytic clearance. in order to elucidate how pbp1a promotes resistance to innate immunity, we compared the susceptib ... | 2006 | 17057092 |
| serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus from pregnant women in mexico. | serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of group b streptococcus isolated from pregnant women in méxico | 2002 | 17061487 |
| serotypes of 286 group b streptococci isolated from asymptomatic carriers and invasive disease cases in mexico. | group b streptococcus (gbs) remains as a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in developed countries, where type iii is the most common serotype. although gbs is considered an uncommon cause of perinatal pathology in mexico, a vaginal colonization rate of 14% in pregnant women and a neonatal infection rate of 1/1500 live births have been reported. the aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution in a collection of 286 gbs strains isolated in mexico from asymptomatic ca ... | 2005 | 17061543 |
| clinical characteristics of group b streptococcus bacteremia in non-pregnant adults. | group b streptococcus (gbs) [streptococcus agalactiae] is an emerging cause of disease in non-pregnant adults with underlying diseases. this retrospective study analyzed 90 episodes of gbs bacteremia in adults occurring over a 4-year period. | 2006 | 17066202 |
| [group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis following superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis]. | an 80-year-old woman with type ii diabetes mellitus was admitted to hospital with high-grade fever and leg pain for the previous three days. physical examination revealed marked distention of the peripheral veins in both lower legs and she complained of pain. spontaneous superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis was diagnosed and transfusion of cefazolin every 8 hours was started immediately after blood cultures. after 48 hours, the distention of the peripheral veins was improved; however, she su ... | 2006 | 17073295 |
| duration of intrapartum prophylaxis for neonatal group b streptococcal disease: a systematic review. | to examine published evidence regarding duration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis administered to pregnant women colonized with group b streptococcus (gbs) to reduce infant colonization with gbs and to prevent early-onset gbs sepsis. | 2006 | 17077253 |
| [intrauterine infections]. | a broad variety of microorganisms are capable of causing fetal infections. among viral agents prominent are the human cytomegaly virus (hcmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), human immundeficiency virus (hiv), varicella, herpes zooster, rubella, parvovirus b19, measles and the hepatitis b and c viruses. protozoa such as toxoplasma and spirocheta pallida, causing congenital syphilis are equally important. bacterial infections are responsible for in uterus aquired listeriosis, tuberculosis, and group ... | 2006 | 17087016 |
| neonatal sepsis in very low birthweight infants at the university hospital of the west indies. | a retrospective review was conducted on the charts of all very low birthweight (vlbw) infants with culture proven sepsis admitted to the neonatal unit of the university hospital of the west indies (uhwi) during the period january 1, 1995 to december 31, 2000. during the study period, 22 vlbw infants were admitted to the neonatal unit with culture proven sepsis, 16 (73%) survived and 6 (27%) died as birthweight and gestational age increased, outcome improved there was no difference in survival ba ... | 2006 | 17087100 |
| group b streptococcus: global incidence and vaccine development. | an ongoing public health challenge is to develop vaccines that are effective against infectious diseases that have global relevance. vaccines against serotypes of group b streptococcus (gbs) that are prevalent in the united states and europe are not optimally efficacious against serotypes common to other parts of the world. new technologies and innovative approaches are being used to identify gbs antigens that overcome serotype-specificity and that could form the basis of a globally effective va ... | 2006 | 17088932 |
| patterns of antibiotic resistance among group b streptococcus isolates: 2001-2004. | the objectives were to determine the prevalence of group b streptococcus (gbs) and to characterize antibiotic resistance patterns. all pregnant women presenting to the triage units at two urban hospitals during three intervals from 2001 to 2004 were included. each interval lasted approximately four weeks. swabs were inoculated into selective broth and cultured on tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood. gbs was identified using the streptex latex agglutination system. gbs positive cultures were tes ... | 2006 | 17093353 |
| clinical triggers to initiate intrapartum penicillin therapy for prevention of group b streptococcus infection. | despite national recommendations for prophylactic group b streptococci intrapartum penicillin therapy (gbs-ipt), there is little guidance for clinicians regarding to how to achieve the recommended 4 hours of therapy. we sought to identify clinical triggers for effective temporal prompts to initiate gbs-ipt to achieve the recommended duration of therapy. gbs-colonized women who delivered between 37 and 42 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. the clinical record was reviewed for clinical events in ... | 2006 | 17094043 |
| incubation time required for neonatal blood cultures to become positive. | we aimed to determine the laboratory detection time of bacteraemia in neonatal blood cultures, and whether this differed by: organism; samples deemed to represent true bacteraemia versus contaminants; and blood cultures collected from an infant <48 h of age (early) or >or=48 h of age (late). | 2006 | 17096716 |
| streptococcus iniae capsule impairs phagocytic clearance and contributes to virulence in fish. | surface capsular polysaccharides play a critical role in protecting several pathogenic microbes against innate host defenses during infection. little is known about virulence mechanisms of the fish pathogen streptococcus iniae, though indirect evidence suggests that capsule could represent an important factor. the putative s. iniae capsule operon contains a homologue of the cpsd gene, which is required for capsule polymerization and export in group b streptococcus and streptococcus pneumoniae. t ... | 2007 | 17098893 |
| prevention of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection: is universal screening by culture universally applicable? | previous assessments of maternal group b streptococcus carrier rates in women delivering at shaare zedek medical center ranged between 3.5 and 11% with neonatal sepsis rates of 0.2-0.9/1000 live births. because of low colonization and disease rates, routine prenatal cultures of gbs were not recommended and intrapartum prophylaxis was mainly based on maternal risk factors. | 2006 | 17125117 |
| [phenotypic analysis of luxs gene deletion mutants and its application in virulence regulation research in group b streptococcus]. | to explore the mechanism of virulence regulation in group b streptococcus (bgs) by studying luxs-related ai-2 quorum-sensing pathway in gbs. | 2006 | 17133704 |
| self-sampling for group b streptococcus in women 35 to 37 weeks pregnant is accurate and acceptable: a randomized cross-over trial. | in canada, screening for group b streptococcus (gbs) in pregnant women is recommended at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. since there is normally no other indication for pelvic examination at this stage of pregnancy, women may be more comfortable performing the test themselves. we assessed the accuracy of self- sampling versus clinician sampling for gbs and women's preference for each collection method. | 2006 | 17169231 |
| contributions of molecular epidemiology to the understanding of infectious disease transmission, pathogenesis, and evolution. | describe the contributions of molecular genetics to our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. | 2007 | 17175168 |
| invasive early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal cases--alaska, 2000-2004. | we conducted a review of invasive early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infections that occurred during 2000-2004 in alaska to determine the proportion of cases that might have been prevented by complete implementation of the 2002 centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) guidelines. | 2007 | 17180472 |
| towards a universal group b streptococcus vaccine using multistrain genome analysis. | genomics has revolutionized the way in which novel vaccine candidates are identified for the development of efficacious vaccines. reverse vaccinology, whereby all candidates of interest are identified by analysis of a pathogen's genome, enables characterization of many candidates simultaneously. it accelerates the initial steps of vaccine development and greatly increases the chances of obtaining reliable candidates or cocktails thereof. the availability of one or two genome sequences for any gi ... | 2006 | 17181441 |
| group b streptococcus prevalence in pregnant women from north-eastern italy: advantages of a screening strategy based on direct plating plus broth enrichment. | to assess the sensitivity of a combined selective broth enrichment technique plus selective plating for the detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonisation in a large cohort of pregnant women from north-eastern italy. | 2007 | 17182659 |
| group b streptococcus bacteremia elicits beta c protein-specific igmand igg in humans. | group b streptococcus (gbs) beta c protein elicits protective antibodies in experimental animals, making beta c protein an attractive component of a human gbs glycoconjugate vaccine. we determined whether natural exposure to beta c protein elicits antibodies in humans. geometric mean concentrations (in micrograms per milliliter) of beta c-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were similar in serum from 16 colonized (0.82 and 0.76, respectively) ... | 2007 | 17205473 |
| transcriptional and proteomic profiles of group b streptococcus type v reveal potential adherence proteins associated with high-level invasion. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an opportunistic organism that can harmlessly colonize the human gut, vagina, and rectum but can also cause pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in neonates born to colonized mothers. we have shown previously that growth rate and oxygen level regulate the ability of gbs to invade eukaryotic cells in vitro. herein we extend and expand on these observations to show that gbs type v, an emergent serotype, grown in a chemostat at a cell mass-doubling time (t(d)) of 1.8 h w ... | 2007 | 17210664 |
| biba: a novel immunogenic bacterial adhesin contributing to group b streptococcus survival in human blood. | by the analysis of the recently sequenced genomes of group b streptococcus (gbs) we have identified a novel immunogenic adhesin with anti-phagocytic activity, named biba. the biba gene is present in 100% of the 24 gbs strains analysed. biba-specific igg were found in human sera from normal healthy donors. the putative protein product is a polypeptide of 630 amino acids containing a helix-rich n-terminal domain, a proline-rich region and a canonical lpxtg cell wall-anchoring domain. biba is expre ... | 2007 | 17212592 |
| streptococcal septic shock after inguinal lymphadenectomy. | group b streptococcus is an uncommon cause of sepsis in the non-pregnant adult. | 2006 | 17233572 |
| real-time pcr targeting the sip gene for detection of group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women at delivery. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important aetiological agent of serious neonatal infections. a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of gbs colonization in pregnant women at delivery could make intrapartum screening for gbs possible. a real-time pcr method targeting the sip gene of gbs in pregnant women at delivery has been evaluated. the performance of the real-time pcr was compared with optimized gbs culture. separate vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from women hospitalized at ... | 2007 | 17244804 |
| neisseria meningitidis type c capsular polysaccharide inhibits lipooligosaccharide-induced cell activation by binding to cd14. | encapsulated neisseria meningitidis can invade mucosal barriers and cause systemic diseases. activation of the innate immune system by conserved meningococcal molecules such as lipooligosaccharides (los) is essential for the generation of an effective host immune response. here we show that the type c capsular polysaccharide of n. meningitidis (mcps) inhibited los-induced interleukin-6 and tnf-alpha secretion from monocytes, and blocked the maturation of dendritic cells induced by los, while the ... | 2007 | 17250593 |
| preventing early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis: efforts to measure and improve compliance with guidelines. | we describe strategies employed in achieving a high level of compliance with centers for disease control and prevention guidelines for the prevention of early-onset group b streptococcal neonatal sepsis. | 2006 | 17256715 |
| identification of a glycosaminoglycan binding region of the alpha c protein that mediates entry of group b streptococci into host cells. | group b streptococcus (gbs) frequently colonizes the human gastrointestinal and gynecological tracts and less frequently causes deep tissue infections. the transition between colonization and infection depends upon the ability of the organism to cross epithelial barriers. the alpha c protein (acp) on the surface of gbs contributes to this process. a virulence factor in mouse models of infection, and prototype for a family of gram-positive bacterial surface proteins, acp facilitates gbs entry int ... | 2007 | 17259175 |
| type iv neonatal early-onset group b streptococcal disease in a united states hospital. | group b streptococcus (gbs) serotypes causing neonatal disease vary by geographic region. surveillance at the brigham and women's hospital in boston, massachusetts, revealed a case of neonatal early-onset sepsis caused by type iv gbs. neonatal type iv disease occurs in the middle east but has not recently been described in u.s. infants. | 2007 | 17267636 |
| [detection of group b streptococcus in the cases died of neonatal pneumonia]. | from the 1970s, group b streptococci (gbs) have been widely recognized as an important pathogen in neonatal infectious disease, and it emerged as the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the western world. however, there are few data on the prevalence of neonatal gbs infections in china. the aim of this retrospective study was to estimate whether gbs is an important pathogen in severe neonatal pneumonia, and to develop a method for detection of gbs infections in fatal neonatal pn ... | 2006 | 17274877 |
| the putative glycosyltransferase-encoding gene cylj and the group b streptococcus (gbs)-specific gene cylk modulate hemolysin production and virulence of gbs. | group b streptococcus (gbs) expresses a hemolysin/cytolysin that plays an important role in pathogenesis. using the himar1 transposon mutagenesis system, a hypohemolytic mutant carrying an interrupted cylj gene was characterized. cylj, encoding a putative glycosyltransferase, and cylk, whose product is unknown, are both required for the full hemolytic/cytolytic activity, pigment formation, and virulence of gbs. | 2007 | 17283108 |
| selective versus non-selective culture medium for group b streptococcus detection in pregnancies complicated by preterm labor or preterm-premature rupture of membranes. | the objective of this study was to identify group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization rates and compare detection efficiency of selective versus non-selective culture media and anorectal versus vaginal cultures in women with preterm labor and preterm-premature rupture of membranes (prom). a prospective cohort study of 203 women was performed. two vaginal and two anorectal samples from each woman were collected using sterile swabs. two swabs (one anorectal and one vaginal) were placed separately i ... | 2006 | 17293905 |
| procedures for prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal diseases: a multicenter questionnaire survey of hospitals in the kyoto neonatal disease study group, japan. | to explore clinical protocols for the prevention of early-onset group b streptococcus (eogbs) disease of the newborn in japan, we conducted a multicenter questionnaire survey. of 32 regional centers participating in the kyoto neonatal study group, 28 provided usable data concerning prevention practices undertaken between 2000 and 2004. twenty-three (82%) of the 28 hospitals implemented bacteriological screening to identify maternal gbs carriage, and all 23 hospitals administered intrapartum anti ... | 2007 | 17334732 |
| perinatal group b streptococcal disease. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. despite optimal treatment of gbs-infected neonates it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and prevention strategies are required. as disease occurs rapidly, and is often evident at birth or within 12 hours of birth, antibiotics must be given prior to delivery, and when administered early enough, and at the correct doses, they will prevent the majority of early-onset gbs cases. prevention is th ... | 2007 | 17336588 |
| neonatal deaths in the asir region of saudi arabia: experience in a referral neonatal intesive care unit. | we reviewed a total of 169 deaths among 969 infants referred from various health institutions in the asir region to the neonatal intensive care unit of asir central hospital, abha, saudi arabia, during a four-year period (january 1992 to december 1995). the results showed that the major causes of neonatal mortality in the region were low birth weight (lbw) (45%), congenital malformations (cm) (30.8%), infection (13.6%), and birth asphyxia (7.7%). the majority of the lbw infants died from respira ... | 1997 | 17339782 |
| [risk factors for group b streptococcal colonization in pregnant women at term: prospective study of 294 cases]. | to determine the rate and risk factors for group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in term pregnancies. | 2007 | 17344086 |
| perinatal infection with group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of severe bacterial infection in newborns. early neonatal gbs infection can be prevented by identifying high-risk pregnancies and administering intrapartum antibiotics. in the usa, a screening strategy has been introduced resulting in a reduction in early-onset gbs infection, but no decrease in late-onset neonatal gbs disease has been noted. in many european countries, a risk-based strategy is recommended. vaccination may, in the future, be an alterna ... | 2007 | 17347062 |
| detection of quorum-sensing pathway and construction of luxs gene deletion mutants of group b streptococcus. | | 2007 | 17366688 |
| application of the french guidelines for preventing neonatal group b streptococcal disease in a university hospital. | this study evaluated the application of the french guidelines for prevention of neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infections. the prevalence of gbs vaginal carriage by pregnant women during the study period was 6%. less than 50% of pregnant women testing positive for gbs were treated with at least two doses of antibiotics during labour, and most received only one dose or no antibiotics. in addition, several neonates were colonised or infected by gbs although their mothers were gbs-negative. t ... | 2007 | 17391390 |
| comparative evaluation of vitek 2 for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of group b streptococcus. | intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to prevent neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) disease in colonized women, and penicillin or aminopenicillin constitute the first-line antibiotics. most isolates are resistant to tetracycline, and resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) antibiotics is increasing. therefore, laboratory testing for mls resistance in gbs is now recommended for penicillin-allergic patients. the aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial susce ... | 2007 | 17439974 |
| mother with post-partum group b streptococcus meningitis and cerebellar abscess. | we report the case of a 25-year-old malay woman, admitted for preterm delivery at 35 weeks' gestation. vaginal swab did not isolate any organism. she delivered a baby girl who developed respiratory distress syndrome, requiring ventilation. although chest radiograph showed hyaline membrane disease with pneumonia, septic workout was negative. the mother was discharged on the next day. seven days postpartum, the mother presented with fever and fits and was diagnosed to have meningo-encephalitis. lu ... | 2007 | 17441895 |
| [neonatal sepsis in the era of antenatal antibiotic prophylaxis]. | the aim of this study was to compare incidence, bacteriology and associated mortality of neonatal sepsis in a neonatal unit, after (2001-2004) and before (1995-1996) implementation of universal screening for prevention of group b streptococcus diseases. early onset sepsis incidence decreased from 2.5 to 1 per 1000 live births (p=0.03), with a decrease in the proportion of group b streptococcus cases from a 54% to 11% (p<0.01). in late onset sepsis, coagulase-negative staphylococci continued to b ... | 2007 | 17453068 |
| a practical method for subtyping of streptococcus agalactiae serotype iii, of human origin, using rolling circle amplification. | group b streptococcus (gbs; streptococcus agalactiae) serotype iii is one of the most common and virulent serotypes of the species. it can be divided into several subtypes, which vary in their distribution among invasive isolates from different patient groups. in this study, we used 91 well-characterized gbs serotype iii isolates to compare three subtyping methods, and developed a novel padlock probe and rolling circle amplification (rca) method to identify informative single nucleotide polymorp ... | 2007 | 17467090 |
| recombinant group b streptococcus beta c protein and a variant with the deletion of its immunoglobulin a-binding site are protective mouse maternal vaccines and effective carriers in conjugate vaccines. | immunogenic vaccines against group b streptococcus (gbs) have been created by coupling the gbs capsular polysaccharides (cps) to carrier proteins. the gbs beta c protein (bcp) serves as an effective carrier while inducing protective immunity against bcp-expressing strains. bcp also binds human immunoglobulin a (iga), a characteristic that may be undesirable for use in humans. here, we examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant gbs bcp (rbcp), an rbcp modified to elimina ... | 2007 | 17470542 |
| neonatal group b streptococcus colonization in water births. | | 2007 | 17475265 |
| a rab screening method for improving the probability of identifying peptide mimotopes of carbohydrate antigens. | peptide mimotopes have been investigated as surrogate antigens of carbohydrate (cho) targets on pathogen and tumor cells in vaccine and therapeutic discovery. one of the main bottlenecks in peptide mimotope discovery is the inability of initial screening regimes to differentiate between true mimotopes and non-mimotopes. as a result, subsequent in vivo analysis of putative peptide mimotopes is often inefficient requiring the use of experimental animals during a lengthy in vivo immunization proces ... | 2007 | 17481782 |
| tricuspid valve endocarditis with group b streptococcus after an elective abortion: the need for new data. | streptococcus agalactiae, commonly known as group b streptococcus (gbs), was originally discovered as a cause of bovine mastitis. gbs colonizes the genital tract of up to 40% of women and has become a major pathogen in neonatal meningitis. gbs endocarditis is thought to be an uncommon manifestation of this infection and carries a higher mortality compared to other streptococcal pathogens. studies have shown that endocarditis after abortion has an incidence of about one per million. however, this ... | 2006 | 17485802 |
| therapeutic amoxicillin levels achieved with oral administration in term neonates. | the standard treatment of neonatal group b streptococcus infection is intravenous amoxicillin for 10 days. we investigated whether effective serum amoxicillin concentrations could be reached by switching to oral amoxicillin after 48 h of intravenous administration in full-term neonates with group b streptococcus infection. | 2007 | 17497144 |
| group b streptococcus toxic shock-like syndrome in a healthy woman: a case report. | toxic shock syndrome (tss) is caused by staphylococcus aureus infection. the disease entity manifests clinically as fever, hypotension, diffuse macular erythema that progresses to desquamation, and dysfunction of > 3 organ systems. toxic shock-like syndrome (tsls) has the same clinical manifestation as tss but is caused by streptococcus, usually group a, c or g. here we report on a healthy woman who experienced group b streptococcus (gbs)-related tsls, possibly related to tampon use. | 2007 | 17506375 |