| the surface layer of tannerella forsythia contributes to serum resistance and oral bacterial coaggregation. | tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium involved in the so-called "red complex," which is associated with severe and chronic periodontitis. the surface layer (s-layer) of t. forsythia is composed of cell surface glycoproteins, such as tfsa and tfsb, and is known to play a role in adhesion/invasion and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression. here we investigated the association of this s-layer with serum resistance and coaggregation with other oral bacteria. the ... | 2013 | 23357386 |
| the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members. | the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members. | 2016 | 27448413 |
| identification of novel vaccine candidates against acinetobacter baumannii using reverse vaccinology. | acinetobacter baumannii (ab) is a global emerging bacterium causing nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and soft tissue infections especially in intensive care units. since ab is resistant to almost all conventional antibiotics, it is now one of the 6 top-priorities of the dangerous microorganisms listed by the infectious disease society of america. the development of vaccine is one of the most promising and cost-effective strategies to prevent infections. in this stu ... | 2015 | 25751377 |
| staphylococcus aureus aortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis: a case report and literature review. | an infected aortic aneurysm is a process with high mortality rate. survival is dependent on an early diagnosis and surgical management. this case report details a rare presentation of aortitis with persistent methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) bacteremia, which initially presented as retroperitoneal fibrosis and was ultimately fatal. | 2016 | 27516965 |
| dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with tuberculous pleural effusion. | we present the case of thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with the tuberculous pleural effusion. an 82-year-old woman underwent emergency stent graft under a diagnosis of dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. preoperative computed tomography revealed right pleural effusion supposed to the hemothorax caused by the dissecting aneurysm. but, the effusion was sanguineous color fluid and it was determined to result from pulmonary tuberculosis. the medical team was exposed to the pulmonary tuberculosi ... | 2016 | 27499987 |
| characterization of the genome, proteome, and structure of yersiniophage ϕr1-37. | the bacteriophage vb_yecm-ϕr1-37 (ϕr1-37) is a lytic yersiniophage that can propagate naturally in different yersinia species carrying the correct lipopolysaccharide receptor. this large-tailed phage has deoxyuridine (du) instead of thymidine in its dna. in this study, we determined the genomic sequence of phage ϕr1-37, mapped parts of the phage transcriptome, characterized the phage particle proteome, and characterized the virion structure by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction. t ... | 2012 | 22973030 |
| campylobacter fetus meningitis in adults: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. | the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis. little is known about the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome of c fetus meningitis in adults.we report cases of c fetus meningitis in a nationwide cohort study of adult bacterial meningitis patients in the netherlands and performed a review of the literature.two patients with c fetus meningitis were identified from january 2006 through may 2015. the calculated annual incidence was 0.02 per ... | 2016 | 26937916 |
| bacterial cell-envelope glycoconjugates. | prokaryotic glycosylation fulfills an important role in maintaining and protecting the structural integrity and function of the bacterial cell wall, as well as serving as a flexible adaption mechanism to evade environmental and host-induced pressure. the scope of bacterial and archaeal protein glycosylation has considerably expanded over the past decade(s), with numerous examples covering the glycosylation of flagella, pili, glycosylated enzymes, as well as surface-layer proteins. this article a ... | 2013 | 24274370 |
| rapid identification of bacterial pathogens using a pcr- and microarray-based assay. | during the course of a bacterial infection, the rapid identification of the causative agent(s) is necessary for the determination of effective treatment options. we have developed a method based on a modified broad-range pcr and an oligonucleotide microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of 12 bacterial pathogens at the species level. the broad-range pcr primer mixture was designed using conserved regions of the bacterial topoisomerase genes gyrb and pare. the primer design a ... | 2009 | 19664269 |
| bacterial toxin modulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: are all cytolethal distending toxins created equally? | the cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) comprise a family of intracellular-acting bacterial protein toxins whose actions upon eukaryotic cells result in several consequences, the most characteristic of which is the induction of g(2)/m cell cycle arrest. most cdts are hetero-tripartite assemblies of cdta, cdtb, and cdtc, with cdtb required for cdt-mediated cell cycle arrest. several lines of evidence indicate that cdta and cdtc are required for the optimal intracellular activity of cdtb, although ... | 2012 | 23061054 |
| campylobacter epidemiology: a descriptive study reviewing 1 million cases in england and wales between 1989 and 2011. | to review campylobacter cases in england and wales over 2 decades and examine the main factors/mechanisms driving the changing epidemiology. | 2012 | 22798256 |
| development of a novel genus-specific real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bartonella species and genotypes. | the genus bartonella includes numerous species with varied host associations, including several that infect humans. development of a molecular diagnostic method capable of detecting the diverse repertoire of bartonella species while maintaining genus specificity has been a challenge. we developed a novel real-time pcr assay targeting a 301-bp region of the ssra gene of bartonella and demonstrated specific amplification in over 30 bartonella species, subspecies, and strains. subsequent analysis o ... | 2012 | 22378904 |
| characterization of the structurally diverse n-linked glycans of campylobacter species. | the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni encodes an extensively characterized n-linked protein glycosylation system that modifies many surface proteins with a heptasaccharide glycan. in c. jejuni, the genes that encode the enzymes required for glycan biosynthesis and transfer to protein are located at a single pgl gene locus. similar loci are also present in the genome sequences of all other campylobacter species, although variations in gene content and organization are evident. in this ... | 2012 | 22389484 |
| xer recombinase and genome integrity in helicobacter pylori, a pathogen without topoisomerase iv. | in the model organism e. coli, recombination mediated by the related xerc and xerd recombinases complexed with the ftsk translocase at specialized dif sites, resolves dimeric chromosomes into free monomers to allow efficient chromosome segregation at cell division. computational genome analysis of helicobacter pylori, a slow growing gastric pathogen, identified just one chromosomal xer gene (xerh) and its cognate dif site (difh). here we show that recombination between directly repeated difh sit ... | 2012 | 22511919 |
| molecular detection of campylobacter jejuni as a cause of culture-negative spondylodiscitis. | spondylodiscitis caused by campylobacter species is a rare disease which is most often caused by campylobacter fetus. we report a case of culture-negative spondylodiscitis and a psoas abscess due to campylobacter jejuni in a 68-year-old woman, as revealed by 16s rrna gene and campylobacter-specific pcrs from biopsied tissue. | 2012 | 22259199 |
| comparison of the microflex lt and vitek ms systems for routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | this study compared the performance of three matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems: microflex lt (bruker daltonics, bremen, germany), vitek ms ruo (axima assurance-saramis database; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and vitek ms ivd (biomérieux). a total of 1,129 isolates, including 1,003 routine isolates, 73 anaerobes, and 53 bacterial enteropathogens, were tested on the microflex lt and axima assurance devices. the spectra were analyzed using t ... | 2012 | 22322345 |
| campylobacter bacteremia: a rare and under-reported event? | bacteria belonging to the species campylobacter are the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. the clinical phenotype associated with campylobacter infections ranges from asymptomatic conditions to severe colitis and bacteremia. in susceptible patients, campylobacter infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with both host factors and bacterial factors being involved in the pathogenesis of bacteremia. in the host, age, gender and immune-compromising conditi ... | 2012 | 24611124 |
| extraintestinal campylobacteriosis in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | two cases of clinical disease associated with extraintestinal campylobacter infection were recently encountered in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). the first case was that of a 3-y-old, male, rhesus macaque experimentally infected with siv, who presented with abdominal pain and a midabdominal mass and was euthanized. pathology findings included an abscess within the median liver lobe, fibrinopurulent peritonitis, and intestinal serositis with isolation of campylobacter fetus from the blood, liv ... | 2014 | 25527031 |
| genomic evidence for the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences in the genus campylobacter. | the genus campylobacter includes some of the most relevant pathogens for human and animal health; the continuous effort in their characterization has also revealed new species putatively involved in different kind of infections. nowadays, the available genomic data for the genus comprise a wide variety of species with different pathogenic potential and niche preferences. in this work, we contribute to enlarge this available information presenting the first genome for the species campylobacter sp ... | 2014 | 25193310 |
| evolution and comparative genomics of campylobacter jejuni st-677 clonal complex. | campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in the european union with over 200,000 laboratory-confirmed cases reported annually. this is the first study to describe findings related to comparative genomics analyses of the sequence type (st)-677 clonal complex (cc), a campylobacter jejuni lineage associated with bacteremia cases in humans. we performed whole-genome sequencing, using illumina hiseq sequencing technology, on five related st-677 cc isolates from two chicken ... | 2014 | 25193305 |
| detection, identification and quantification of campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari in food matrices all at once using multiplex qpcr. | thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari are recognized as leading food-borne pathogens causing an acute bacterial enteritis worldwide. due to narrow spectrum of their biochemical activity, it is very complicated to distinguish between individual species. for reliable risk assessment, proper incidence evaluation or swift sample analysis regarding individual species, a demand for simple and rapid method for their distinguishing is reasonable. in this study, we evaluated a reliable and s ... | 2014 | 25057300 |
| a multiplex pcr/ldr assay for simultaneous detection and identification of the niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens. | enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis remain a major global health concern. the goal of this study was to develop a multiplex pcr/ligation detection reaction (ldr) assay for the detection of all niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens directly from stool specimens. to validate the pcr/ldr assay, clinical isolates of campylobacter spp., vibrio spp., shigella spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli were tes ... | 2014 | 24709368 |
| biological roles of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of this organism is required for persistence and disease. c. jejuni produces over 47 different capsular structures, including a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification present on most c. jejuni isolates. although the meopn structure is rare in nature it has structural similarity to some synthetic pesticides. in this study, we have demonstrated, by whole genome comparis ... | 2014 | 24498018 |
| comparison of characteristics of patients infected by campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter fetus. | a large database of campylobacter isolates precisely identified at the species level was used to compare patients' characteristics. in a multivariate analysis, campylobacter coli was found more often in older patients and in patients having traveled abroad and less often in summertime than campylobacter jejuni. campylobacter fetus infection occurred in much older patients and in hospitalized patients with a systemic disease. | 2014 | 24197884 |
| lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ... | 2014 | 24102802 |
| lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection. | campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ... | 2014 | 24102802 |
| identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus. | the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ... | 2014 | 24426164 |
| identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus. | the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ... | 2014 | 24426164 |
| effects of nitrate addition on rumen fermentation, bacterial biodiversity and abundance. | this study examined changes of rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria biodiversity and abundance caused by nitrate addition with ion torrent sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. three rumen-fistulated steers were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% nitrate (dry matter %) in succession. nitrate supplementation linearly increased total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentration obviously (p = 0.02; p = 0.02; p<0.01), butyrate and isovalerate concentration numerically (p = 0 ... | 2015 | 26194220 |
| milk modulates campylobacter invasion into caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. | raw milk is a recognized source of campylobacter outbreaks, but pasteurization is an effective way to eliminate the causative agent of campylobacteriosis. whereas breastfeeding is protective against infectious diseases, consumption of formula milk is thought to be not. however, in relation to campylobacter, such data is currently unavailable. although both pasteurized and formula milk are pathogen free and prepared in a quality controlled manner, the effect they have on the virulence of campylob ... | 2015 | 26495128 |
| laboratory diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis. | bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. while for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures i ... | 2015 | 25567220 |
| momp from campylobacter jejuni is a trimer of 18-stranded β-barrel monomers with a ca(2+) ion bound at the constriction zone. | the gram-negative organism campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. unlike escherichia coli, which has two major porins, ompc and ompf, c. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (momp) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. we report the 2.1-å crystal structure of c. jejuni momp expressed in e. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from c. jejuni. the 2.1-å resolution structure of recombinant momp showed that alth ... | 2016 | 27693650 |
| development of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for rapid and simultaneous identification of common foodborne pathogens in soft cheese. | dairy products can harbor various microorganisms (e.g., campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli) arising from animal reservoirs, and which can become important sources of foodborne illness. therefore, early detection of food pathogens is crucial to prevent diseases. we wished to develop an accurate quantitative protocol based on a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) involving eight individual taqman™ reactions to detect ... | 2016 | 27840628 |
| polyphosphate and associated enzymes as global regulators of stress response and virulence in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is a predominant cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. despite its importance as a major foodborne pathogen, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying c. jejuni stress survival and pathogenesis is limited. inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) has been shown to play significant roles in bacterial resistance to stress and virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. c. jejuni contains the ... | 2016 | 27672264 |
| point mutations in the major outer membrane protein drive hypervirulence of a rapidly expanding clone of campylobacter jejuni. | infections due to clonal expansion of highly virulent bacterial strains are clear and present threats to human and animal health. association of genetic changes with disease is now a routine, but identification of causative mutations that enable disease remains difficult. campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans mainly via the foodborne route. c. jejuni typically colonizes the gut, but a hypervirulent and rapidly expanding clone of c. jejuni recently emerged, ... | 2016 | 27601641 |
| evaluation of various campylobacter-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for detection and enumeration of campylobacteraceae in irrigation water and wastewater via a miniaturized most-probable-number-qpcr assay. | campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and water is increasingly seen as a risk factor in transmission. here we describe a most-probable-number (mpn)-quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay in which water samples are centrifuged and aliquoted into microtiter plates and the bacteria are enumerated by qpcr. we observed that commonly used campylobacter molecular assays produced vastly different detection rates. in irrigation water samples, detection rates varied depe ... | 2016 | 27235434 |
| comparative genomics of campylobacter fetus from reptiles and mammals reveals divergent evolution in host-associated lineages. | campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and c fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas c fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. both c. fetus subsp. testudinum and c. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. to study t ... | 2016 | 27333878 |
| comparative detection and quantification of arcobacter butzleri in stools from diarrheic and nondiarrheic people in southwestern alberta, canada. | arcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. the lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. using comparative genome analysis, we developed pcr primers for direct detection and quantification ofa. butzleri dna in microbiologically complex matrices. these primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detecta. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic an ... | 2016 | 26865686 |
| the bacteriophage carrier state of campylobacter jejuni features changes in host non-coding rnas and the acquisition of new host-derived crispr spacer sequences. | incorporation of self-derived crispr dna protospacers in campylobacter jejuni pt14 occurs in the presence of bacteriophages encoding a crispr-like cas4 protein. this phenomenon was evident in carrier state infections where both bacteriophages and host are maintained for seemingly indefinite periods as stable populations following serial passage. carrier state cultures of c. jejuni pt14 have greater aerotolerance in nutrient limited conditions, and may have arisen as an evolutionary response to s ... | 2016 | 27047470 |
| prospective evaluation of criteria for microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic-joint infection at revision arthroplasty. the osiris collaborative study group. | a prospective study was performed to establish criteria for the microbiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection at elective revision arthroplasty. patients were treated in a multidisciplinary unit dedicated to the management and study of musculoskeletal infection. standard multiple samples of periprosthetic tissue were obtained at surgery, gram stained, and cultured by direct and enrichment methods. with reference to histology as the criterion standard, sensitivities, specificities, and ... | 1998 | 9738046 |
| s-layer proteins. | | 2000 | 10648507 |
| historical origins of current ibd concepts. | | 2001 | 11819757 |
| fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism probabilistic database for identification of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections. | the ability of the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) technique to identify bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections (utis) was investigated. faflp was carried out using the single primer combination msei plus ct and ecori plus 0, and information-rich faflp profiles were generated from all 69 uti isolates studied, which comprised both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria encompassing eight genera. the genetic relatedness of these 69 bacteria was determined by ... | 2002 | 12149332 |
| evaluation of acridine orange staining as a replacement of subcultures for bact/alert-positive, gram stain-negative blood cultures. | among 18,424 blood culture sets processed during a study period of 18 months, 85 bottles that were positive by the bact/alert system were gram stain negative. both acridine orange staining and subcultures detected microorganisms in a total of 12 bottles. acridine orange staining can replace subcultures of false-positive blood cultures. | 2003 | 14605172 |
| abstracts of the 27th annual meeting of the society of general internal medicine. chicago, illinois, usa, 12-15 may, 2004. | | 2004 | 15107043 |
| bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and barrett's esophagus. | to identify the bacterial flora in conditions such as barrettos esophagus and reflux esophagitis to determine if they are similar to normal esophageal flora. | 2005 | 16437628 |
| computational biology in argentina. | | 2007 | 18166076 |
| synonymous and nonsynonymous polymorphisms versus divergences in bacterial genomes. | comparison of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphisms within species with the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions between species has been widely used as a supposed indicator of positive darwinian selection, with the ratio of these 2 ratios being designated as a neutrality index (ni). comparison of genome-wide polymorphism within 12 species of bacteria with divergence from an outgroup species showed substantial differences in ni among taxa. a low level of nonsynonym ... | 2008 | 18667439 |
| evidence for the involvement of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease. | many advances have been made in the understanding of crohn's disease (cd) pathogenesis during the last decade. cd is currently seen as a predominantly t-lymphocyte-driven disease characterized by the presence of a complex cocktail of interacting cytokines, chemokines and other mediators produced by a variety of cell types. prevailing theories of cd pathogenesis suggest that patients' t-lymphocytes are inappropriately activated in the setting of an immune imbalance, which is itself caused by an u ... | 2008 | 18240341 |
| forty years' experience treating septic arteritis and vasculitis. | by their natures, septic arteritis and infected grafts present a high morbidity and mortality situation for both the patient and the treating physician. in the experience of the authors, therapy frequently includes removing the previous infected graft, use of long-term antibiotics, repeat grafting and omental wraps. when possible, aortic endografting followed by future elective primary repair may be considered an option. leaving wounds open to granulate from the 'bottom up' has been successful i ... | 2009 | 22477474 |
| rtx proteins: a highly diverse family secreted by a common mechanism. | repeats-in-toxin (rtx) exoproteins of gram-negative bacteria form a steadily growing family of proteins with diverse biological functions. their common feature is the unique mode of export across the bacterial envelope via the type i secretion system and the characteristic, typically nonapeptide, glycine- and aspartate-rich repeats binding ca(2+) ions. in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the organization of rtx loci and on the biological and biochemical activities of t ... | 2010 | 20528947 |
| aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. | aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. in some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at ... | 2010 | 20833577 |
| comparative analysis of sequence periodicity among prokaryotic genomes points to differences in nucleoid structure and a relationship to gene expression. | regular spacing of short runs of a or t nucleotides in dna sequences with a period close to the helical period of the dna double helix has been associated with intrinsic dna bending and nucleosome positioning in eukaryotes. analogous periodic signals were also observed in prokaryotic genomes. while the exact role of this periodicity in prokaryotes is not known, it has been proposed to facilitate the dna packaging in the prokaryotic nucleoid and/or to promote negative or positive supercoiling. we ... | 2010 | 20494989 |
| origin and evolution of peptide-modifying dioxygenases and identification of the wybutosine hydroxylase/hydroperoxidase. | unlike classical 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent dioxygenases, which include several nucleic acid modifiers, the structurally similar jumonji-related dioxygenase superfamily was only known to catalyze peptide modifications. using comparative genomics methods, we predict that a family of jumonji-related enzymes catalyzes wybutosine hydroxylation/peroxidation at position 37 of eukaryotic trnaphe. identification of this enzyme raised questions regarding the emergence of protein- and nucleic acid- ... | 2010 | 20423905 |
| macrophages recognize size and shape of their targets. | recognition by macrophages is a key process in generating immune response against invading pathogens. previous studies have focused on recognition of pathogens through surface receptors present on the macrophage's surface. here, using polymeric particles of different geometries that represent the size and shape range of a variety of bacteria, the importance of target geometry in recognition was investigated. the studies reported here reveal that attachment of particles of different geometries to ... | 2010 | 20386614 |
| hospital epidemiology and infection control in acute-care settings. | health care-associated infections (hais) have become more common as medical care has grown more complex and patients have become more complicated. hais are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. growing rates of hais alongside evidence suggesting that active surveillance and infection control practices can prevent hais led to the development of hospital epidemiology and infection control programs. the role for infection control programs has grown and continues to grow as rat ... | 2011 | 21233510 |
| identification of and screening for human helicobacter cinaedi infections and carriers via nested pcr. | helicobacter cinaedi is the most frequently reported enterohepatic helicobacter species isolated from humans. earlier research suggested that certain patients with h. cinaedi infection may remain undiagnosed or incorrectly diagnosed because of difficulties in detecting the bacteria by conventional culture methods. here, we report a nested pcr assay that rapidly detects the cytolethal distending toxin gene (cdt) of h. cinaedi with high specificity and sensitivity. specificity of the assay was val ... | 2012 | 23015666 |
| campylobacter fetus infection presenting with bacteremia and cellulitis in a 72-year-old man with an implanted pacemaker: a case report. | | 2012 | 23198848 |
| unexpected nondenitrifier nitrous oxide reductase gene diversity and abundance in soils. | agricultural and industrial practices more than doubled the intrinsic rate of terrestrial n fixation over the past century with drastic consequences, including increased atmospheric nitrous oxide (n(2)o) concentrations. n(2)o is a potent greenhouse gas and contributor to ozone layer destruction, and its release from fixed n is almost entirely controlled by microbial activities. mitigation of n(2)o emissions to the atmosphere has been attributed exclusively to denitrifiers possessing nosz, the en ... | 2012 | 23150571 |
| zoonoses: a potential obstacle to the growing wildlife industry of namibia. | zoonoses, which account for approximately 75% of emerging human infectious diseases worldwide, pose a re-emerging threat to public health. with an ever-increasing interrelationship between humans, livestock and wildlife species, the threat to human health will rise to unprecedented levels. wildlife species contribute to the majority of emerging diseases; therefore, there is an urgent need to define control systems of zoonoses of wildlife origin but very little information exists. in this review, ... | 2012 | 23077724 |
| performances of the vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria in routine clinical microbiology. | rapid and cost-effective matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms)-based systems will replace conventional phenotypic methods for routine identification of bacteria. we report here the first evaluation of the new maldi-tof ms-based vitek ms system in a large clinical microbiology laboratory. this system uses an original spectrum classifier algorithm and a specific database designed for the identification of clinically relevant species. we have te ... | 2012 | 22593596 |
| dprb facilitates inter- and intragenomic recombination in helicobacter pylori. | for naturally competent microorganisms, such as helicobacter pylori, the steps that permit recombination of exogenous dna are not fully understood. immediately downstream of an h. pylori gene (dpra) that facilitates high-frequency natural transformation is hp0334 (dprb), annotated to be a putative holliday junction resolvase (hjr). we showed that the hp0334 (dprb) gene product facilitates high-frequency natural transformation. we determined the physiologic roles of dprb by genetic analyses. dprb ... | 2012 | 22609923 |
| the bacterial surface layer provides protection against antimicrobial peptides. | this report describes a previously unrecognized role for bacterial surface layers as barriers that confer protection against antimicrobial peptides. as antimicrobial peptides exist in natural environments, s-layers may provide a bacterial survival mechanism that has been selected for through evolution. | 2012 | 22635987 |
| analysis of a clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 100 kilobase island reveals the presence of a novel transposon, tn6164. | clostridium difficile is the main cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. in the past decade, the number of c. difficile patients has increased dramatically, coinciding with the emergence of two pcr ribotypes 027 and 078. pcr ribotype 078 is also frequently found during c. difficile outbreaks in pigfarms. previously, the genome of the pcr ribotype 078 strain m120, a human isolate, was described to contain a unique insert of 100 kilobases. | 2012 | 22747711 |
| toll-like receptor 4 mediates intrauterine growth restriction after systemic campylobacter rectus infection in mice. | campylobacter rectus is associated with fetal exposure and low birthweight in humans. c. rectus also invades placental tissues and induces fetal intrauterine growth restriction (iugr) in mice, along with overexpression of toll-like receptors (tlr4), suggesting that tlr4 may mediate placental immunity and iugr in mice. to test this hypothesis we examined the effect of in vitro tlr4 neutralization on trophoblastic proinflammatory activity and studied the iugr phenotype in a congenic tlr4-mutant mo ... | 2012 | 22958386 |
| investigation of the enteric pathogenic potential of oral campylobacter concisus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | campylobacter concisus, a bacterium colonizing the human oral cavity, has been shown to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). this study investigated if patients with ibd are colonized with specific oral c. concisus strains that have potential to cause enteric diseases. | 2012 | 22666490 |
| identification and functional analysis of the s-layer protein spla of paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees. | the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium paenibacillus larvae is the etiological agent of american foulbrood (afb), a globally occurring, deathly epizootic of honey bee brood. afb outbreaks are predominantly caused by two genotypes of p. larvae, eric i and eric ii, with p. larvae eric ii being the more virulent genotype on larval level. recently, comparative proteome analyses have revealed that p. larvae eric ii but not eric i might harbour a functional s-layer protein, named spla. we here det ... | 2012 | 22615573 |
| cxcl13 is the major determinant for b cell recruitment to the csf during neuroinflammation. | the chemokines and cytokines cxcl13, cxcl12, ccl19, ccl21, baff and april are believed to play a role in the recruitment of b cells to the central nervous system (cns) compartment during neuroinflammation. to determine which chemokines/cytokines show the strongest association with a humoral immune response in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), we measured their concentrations in the csf and correlated them with immune cell subsets and antibody levels. | 2012 | 22591862 |
| etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a unified hypothesis. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), including both ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd), emerged and dramatically increased for about a century. despite extensive research, its cause remains regarded as unknown. about a decade ago, a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for ibd, through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier (the bacter ... | 2012 | 22553395 |
| novel functions for glycosyltransferases jhp0562 and galt in lewis antigen synthesis and variation in helicobacter pylori. | lewis (le) antigens are fucosylated oligosaccharides present in the helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. expression of these antigens is believed to be important for h. pylori colonization, since le antigens also are expressed on the gastric epithelia in humans. a galactosyltransferase encoded by β-(1,3)galt is essential for production of type 1 (le(a) and le(b)) antigens. the upstream gene jhp0562, which is present in many but not all h. pylori strains, is homologous to β-(1,3)galt but is of ... | 2012 | 22290141 |
| group b streptococcus mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: report of a case and review of the literature. | mycotic aneurysm of the aorta is an uncommon condition, and group b streptococcus (gbs) is exceedingly rare in this setting. we present the first reported case of a gbs-infected abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) in north america. key clinical and imaging findings and pathologic correlation are highlighted. a relevant review of the literature is discussed, which will bring the reader up to date with this specific disease entity. | 2012 | 22461748 |
| so close and yet so far - molecular microbiology of campylobacter fetus subspecies. | campylobacter fetus comprises two subspecies, c. fetus subsp. fetus and c. fetus subsp. venerealis, which are considered emerging pathogens in humans and animals. comparisons at the genome level have revealed modest subspecies-specific variation; nevertheless, these two subspecies show distinct host and niche preferences. c. fetus subsp. fetus is a commensal and pathogen of domesticated animals that can be transmitted to humans via contaminated food. the clinical features of human infection can ... | 2012 | 24611123 |
| putative mechanisms and biological role of coccoid form formation in campylobacter jejuni. | in certain conditions campylobacter jejuni cells are capable of changing their cell shape from a typically spiral to a coccoid form (cf). by similarity to other bacteria, the latter was initially considered to be a viable but non-culturable form capable of survival in unfavourable conditions. however, subsequent studies with c. jejuni and closely related bacteria helicobacter pylori suggested that cf represents a non-viable, degenerative form. until now, the issue on whether the cf of c. jejuni ... | 2012 | 24611120 |
| updates on the web-based violin vaccine database and analysis system. | the integrative vaccine investigation and online information network (violin) vaccine research database and analysis system (http://www.violinet.org) curates, stores, analyses and integrates various vaccine-associated research data. since its first publication in nar in 2008, significant updates have been made. starting from 211 vaccines annotated at the end of 2007, violin now includes over 3240 vaccines for 192 infectious diseases and eight noninfectious diseases (e.g. cancers and allergies). ... | 2013 | 24259431 |
| updates on the web-based violin vaccine database and analysis system. | the integrative vaccine investigation and online information network (violin) vaccine research database and analysis system (http://www.violinet.org) curates, stores, analyses and integrates various vaccine-associated research data. since its first publication in nar in 2008, significant updates have been made. starting from 211 vaccines annotated at the end of 2007, violin now includes over 3240 vaccines for 192 infectious diseases and eight noninfectious diseases (e.g. cancers and allergies). ... | 2013 | 24259431 |
| the gut microbiotassay: a high-throughput qpcr approach combinable with next generation sequencing to study gut microbial diversity. | the intestinal microbiota is a complex and diverse ecosystem that plays a significant role in maintaining the health and well-being of the mammalian host. during the last decade focus has increased on the importance of intestinal bacteria. several molecular methods can be applied to describe the composition of the microbiota. this study used a new approach, the gut microbiotassay: an assembly of 24 primer sets targeting the main phyla and taxonomically related subgroups of the intestinal microbi ... | 2013 | 24225361 |
| the role of environmental reservoirs in human campylobacteriosis. | campylobacteriosis is infection caused by the bacteria campylobacter spp. and is considered a major public health concern. campylobacter spp. have been identified as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis. they are typically considered a foodborne pathogen and have been shown to colonise the intestinal mucosa of all food-producing animals. much emphasis has been placed on controlling the foodborne pathway of exposure, particularly within the poultry industry, howeve ... | 2013 | 24217177 |
| identification of extracellular surface-layer associated proteins in lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm. | bacterial surface (s-) layers are crystalline arrays of self-assembling, proteinaceous subunits called s-layer proteins (slps), with molecular masses ranging from 40 to 200 kda. the s-layer-forming bacterium lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm expresses three major slps: slpa (46 kda), slpb (47 kda) and slpx (51 kda). slpa has a demonstrated role in adhesion to caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, and has been shown to modulate dendritic cell (dc) and t-cell functionalities with murine dcs. i ... | 2013 | 24002751 |
| reduction of the abortion rate due to toxoplasma in 3 goat herds following administration of sulfadimidine. | the efficacy of sulfadimidine (4 doses of 33 mg/kg body weight, im, q48h) against toxoplasma abortion was assessed in 3 dairy goat herds suffering from toxoplasma abortions during the 4th month of gestation. this protocol was very effective for the control of toxoplasma abortions (p < 0.01). | 2013 | 24179245 |
| management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis. | acute gastroenteritis, characterized by the onset of diarrhea with or without vomiting, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations. although generally a mild and self-limiting disease, gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with a substantial disease burden. worldwide, up to 40% of children aged less than 5 years with diarrhea are hospitalized with rotavirus. also, some microorganisms ... | 2013 | 24194646 |
| human infections with new subspecies of campylobacter fetus. | campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov. is a newly proposed subspecies of c. fetus with markers of reptile origin. we summarize epidemiologic information for 9 humans infected with this bacterium. all cases were in men, most of whom were of asian origin. infection might have been related to exposure to asian foods or reptiles. | 2013 | 24050521 |
| conferring the ability to utilize inorganic polyphosphate on atp-specific nad kinase. | nad kinase (nadk) is a crucial enzyme for production of nadp⁺. atp-specific nadk prefers atp to inorganic polyphosphate [poly(p)] as a phosphoryl donor, whereas poly(p)/atp-nadk utilizes both atp and poly(p), and is employed in industrial mass production of nadp⁺. poly(p)/atp-nadks are distributed throughout gram-positive bacteria and archaea, whereas atp-specific nadks are found in gram-negative α- and γ-proteobacteria and eukaryotes. in this study, we succeeded in conferring the ability to uti ... | 2013 | 24022322 |
| deamination of 6-aminodeoxyfutalosine in menaquinone biosynthesis by distantly related enzymes. | proteins of unknown function belonging to cog1816 and cog0402 were characterized. sav2595 from steptomyces avermitilis ma-4680, acel0264 from acidothermus cellulolyticus 11b, nis0429 from nitratiruptor sp. sb155-2 and dr0824 from deinococcus radiodurans r1 were cloned, purified, and their substrate profiles determined. these enzymes were previously incorrectly annotated as adenosine deaminases or chlorohydrolases. it was shown here that these enzymes actually deaminate 6-aminodeoxyfutalosine. th ... | 2013 | 23972005 |
| pcr detection of campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis in smegma samples collected from dairy cattle in fars, iran. | bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv), is regarded as one of the major threats to the cattle industry around the world. abortion and infertility are two important reproductive problems in cows infected with c. fetus subsp. venerealis. reports on the presence of cfv are scarce in the cattle, in iran. therefore, the present study was designed to examine the presence of cfv in the reproductive tract of dairy cattle either slaughtered in shiraz aba ... | 2013 | 25568676 |
| enteric pathogens and reactive arthritis: a systematic review of campylobacter, salmonella and shigella-associated reactive arthritis. | reactive arthritis (rea) is a spondyloarthropathic disorder characterized by inflammation of the joints and tissues occurring after gastrointestinal or genitourinary infections. diagnostic criteria for rea do not exist and, therefore, it is subject to clinical opinion resulting in cases with a wide range of symptoms and definitions. using standardized diagnostic criteria, we conducted a systematic literature review to establish the global incidence of rea for each of the three most commonly-asso ... | 2013 | 24288942 |
| evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen analyte-specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance. | acute diarrheal disease (add) can be caused by a range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture, microscopy, biochemical assays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa), are laborious and time-consuming and lack sensitivity. combined, the array of tests performed on a single specimen can increase the turnaround time (tat) significantly. we validated a 19plex laboratory-developed gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) using l ... | 2013 | 23850948 |
| meningitis and endocarditis caused by campylobacter fetus after raw-liver ingestion. | we report campylobacter fetus meningitis associated with endocarditis in a 75-year-old diabetic man after he consumed raw liver. c. fetus was isolated from blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid. cure was obtained with combined intravenous imipenem-gentamicin for 4 weeks; no relapse occurred after 6 months of follow-up. | 2013 | 23824770 |
| comparative genomics of campylobacter concisus isolates reveals genetic diversity and provides insights into disease association. | in spite of its association with gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, the isolation of campylobacter concisus from both diseased and healthy individuals has led to controversy regarding its role as an intestinal pathogen. one proposed reason for this is the presence of high genetic diversity among the genomes of c. concisus strains. | 2013 | 23984967 |
| prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern nigeria. | a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis, and their concurrence with brucellosis, in cattle in three states of northern nigeria. | 2013 | 23927676 |
| comprehensive genomic characterization of campylobacter genus reveals some underlying mechanisms for its genomic diversification. | campylobacter species.are phenotypically diverse in many aspects including host habitats and pathogenicities, which demands comprehensive characterization of the entire campylobacter genus to study their underlying genetic diversification. up to now, 34 campylobacter strains have been sequenced and published in public databases, providing good opportunity to systemically analyze their genomic diversities. in this study, we first conducted genomic characterization, which includes genome-wide alig ... | 2013 | 23940551 |
| complete genome sequence of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius, isolated from the prepuce of a bull. | campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a sexually transmitted disease distributed worldwide. campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovar intermedius strains differ in their biochemical behavior and are prevalent in some countries. we report the first genome sequence for this biovar, isolated from bull prepuce. | 2013 | 23908278 |
| accurate identification of fastidious gram-negative rods: integration of both conventional phenotypic methods and 16s rrna gene analysis. | accurate identification of fastidious gram-negative rods (gnr) by conventional phenotypic characteristics is a challenge for diagnostic microbiology. the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of molecular methods, e.g., 16s rrna gene sequence analysis for identification of fastidious gnr in the clinical microbiology laboratory. | 2013 | 23855986 |
| development and application of a real-time polymerase chain reaction method for campylobacter jejuni detection. | to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to detect and quantify campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) from stool specimens. | 2013 | 23716989 |
| nif-type iron-sulfur cluster assembly system is duplicated and distributed in the mitochondria and cytosol of mastigamoeba balamuthi. | in most eukaryotes, the mitochondrion is the main organelle for the formation of iron-sulfur (fes) clusters. this function is mediated through the iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, which was inherited from the α-proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria. in archamoebae, including pathogenic entamoeba histolytica and free-living mastigamoeba balamuthi, the complex iron-sulfur cluster machinery has been replaced by an ε-proteobacterial nitrogen fixation (nif) system consisting of two componen ... | 2013 | 23589868 |
| pelvic inflammatory disease. | | 2013 | 23547062 |
| antimicrobial resistance and virulence: a successful or deleterious association in the bacterial world? | hosts and bacteria have coevolved over millions of years, during which pathogenic bacteria have modified their virulence mechanisms to adapt to host defense systems. although the spread of pathogens has been hindered by the discovery and widespread use of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial resistance has increased globally. the emergence of resistant bacteria has accelerated in recent years, mainly as a result of increased selective pressure. however, although antimicrobial resistance and bacte ... | 2013 | 23554414 |
| application of a new diagnostic approach to a bovine genital campylobacteriosis outbreak in a saskatchewan beef herd. | a new real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) test was used to diagnose campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis infection associated with dramatic reproductive losses in a commercial cow-calf herd. the results were verified with repeated culture, phenotypic characterization of the organism and dna sequencing. this case demonstrates the need for a practical field test for c. fetus subsp. venerealis and the importance of considering this organism as a potential cause of pregnancy fai ... | 2013 | 24082165 |
| campylobacter fetus sepsis in an immunocompetent patient with haematological complication. | campylobacter fetus sepsis is rare, especially among young, immunocompetent patients. we present the case of a 43-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis who was diagnosed with c fetus bacteraemia with endovascular manifestation. the patient was found to have a low vitamin k level and a high international normalised ratio, and developed deep vein thrombosis. the patient was fully recovered with oral antibiotic treatment, anticoagulation and supportive therapy. clinicians should be awar ... | 2013 | 23536648 |
| infected pseudoaneurysm of the superficial femoral artery in a patient with salmonella enteritidis bacteremia. | mycotic aneurysms, defined as irreversible dilation of an artery due to destruction of the vessel wall by infection, are rare but are associated with a high risk of rupture if not treated promptly. the case of a healthy 52-year-old smoker who presented with pyrexia, rigors, night sweats and severe right leg pain with swelling is presented. he was diagnosed with a superficial femoral artery mycotic aneurysm, with salmonella enteritidis as the causative agent. he was treated with high-dose antibio ... | 2013 | 24421797 |
| rectal swabs are suitable for quantifying the carriage load of kpc-producing carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | it is more convenient and practical to collect rectal swabs than stool specimens to study carriage of colon pathogens. in this study, we examined the ability to use rectal swabs rather than stool specimens to quantify klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre). we used a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay to determine the concentration of the bla(kpc) gene relative to the concentration of 16s rrna genes and a quantitative culture-based ... | 2013 | 23295937 |