| oral microbiota and cancer. | inflammation caused by infections may be the most important preventable cause of cancer in general. however, in the oral cavity the role of microbiota in carcinogenesis is not known. microbial populations on mouth mucosa differ between healthy and malignant sites and certain oral bacterial species have been linked with malignancies but the evidence is still weak in this respect. nevertheless, oral microorganisms inevitably up-regulate cytokines and other inflammatory mediators that affect the co ... | 2010 | 21523227 |
| azithromycin decreases crevicular fluid volume and mediator content. | azithromycin enhances the response to root planing and produces anti-inflammatory effects in treating chronic lung disease. this led us to hypothesize that azithromycin inhibits inflammatory mediator production in gingiva, leading to decreased gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) volume. to test this hypothesis, ten periodontally healthy volunteers received azithromycin every 24 hours for 48 hours. gcf samples were collected from 12 maxillary interproximal sites prior to azithromycin (baseline) and 2 ... | 2010 | 20400725 |
| periodontal bacteria and hypertension: the oral infections and vascular disease epidemiology study (invest). | chronic infections, including periodontal infections, may predispose to cardiovascular disease. we investigated the relationship between periodontal microbiota and hypertension. | 2010 | 20453665 |
| oral health and frailty in the medieval english cemetery of st mary graces. | the analysis of oral pathologies is routinely a part of bioarcheological and paleopathological investigations. oral health, while certainly interesting by itself, is also potentially informative about general or systemic health. numerous studies within modern populations have shown associations between oral pathologies and other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and pulmonary infections. this article addresses the question of how oral health was associated with g ... | 2010 | 19927365 |
| self-targeting by crispr: gene regulation or autoimmunity? | the recently discovered prokaryotic immune system known as crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is based on small rnas ('spacers') that restrict phage and plasmid infection. it has been hypothesized that crisprs can also regulate self gene expression by utilizing spacers that target self genes. by analyzing crisprs from 330 organisms we found that one in every 250 spacers is self-targeting, and that such self-targeting occurs in 18% of all crispr-bearing organisms. ... | 2010 | 20598393 |
| alveolar osteitis: a comprehensive review of concepts and controversies. | alveolar osteitis, "dry socket", remains amongst the most commonly encountered complications following extraction of teeth by general dentists and specialists. a great body of literature is devoted to alveolar osteitis addressing the etiology and pathophysiology of this condition. in addition numerous studies are available discussing methods and techniques to prevent this condition. to this date though great controversy still exists regarding the appropriate terminology used for this condition a ... | 2010 | 20652078 |
| comparative evaluation of ifnγ, il4 and il17 cytokines in healthy gingiva and moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis. | considering the role of t cells in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the purpose of this study was to compare the amount of ifnγ, il4 and il17 in advanced periodontal lesions with healthy gum areas to determine each th1, th2 and th17 cells activity in comparison with each other and finally, to compare the value and the role of humoral, cell mediate and autoimmune responses. | 2010 | 22013456 |
| association of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis: novel paradigms in etiopathogeneses and management? | there is increasing documentation of a link between inflammatory periodontal disease affecting the supporting structure of teeth, rheumatoid arthritis, and coronary artery disease. periodontitis is initiated predominantly by gram-negative bacteria and progresses as a consequence of the host inflammatory response to periodontal pathogens. lipopolysaccharide, a cell wall constituent stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines via the activation of signaling pathways perpetuating inflammato ... | 2010 | 27789992 |
| the distributed genome hypothesis as a rubric for understanding evolution in situ during chronic bacterial biofilm infectious processes. | most chronic infectious disease processes associated with bacteria are characterized by the formation of a biofilm that provides for bacterial attachment to the host tissue or the implanted medical device. the biofilm protects the bacteria from the host's adaptive immune response as well as predation by phagocytic cells. however, the most insidious aspect of biofilm biology from the host's point of view is that the biofilm provides an ideal setting for bacterial horizontal gene transfer (hgt). h ... | 2010 | 20618850 |
| characteristics of inflammation common to both diabetes and periodontitis: are predictive diagnosis and targeted preventive measures possible? | diabetes and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory disorders that contribute to each others' severity and worsen each others' prognosis. studies have shown that patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing periodontitis, and that diabetics with untreated periodontitis have more difficulty controlling serum glucose. periodontal treatment that reduces gingival inflammation aids in the control of hyperglycemia. periodontitis is accompanied by gingival bleeding and the production of a ... | 2010 | 23199045 |
| relationships between subgingival microbiota and gcf biomarkers in generalized aggressive periodontitis. | to examine relationships between subgingival biofilm composition and levels of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) cytokines in periodontal health and generalized aggressive periodontitis (gap). | 2010 | 20447254 |
| abundant oligonucleotides common to most bacteria. | bacteria show a bias in their genomic oligonucleotide composition far beyond that dictated by g+c content. patterns of over- and underrepresented oligonucleotides carry a phylogenetic signal and are thus diagnostic for individual species. patterns of short oligomers have been investigated by multiple groups in large numbers of bacteria genomes. however, global distributions of the most highly overrepresented mid-sized oligomers have not been assessed across all prokaryotes to date. we surveyed o ... | 2010 | 20352124 |
| subgingival biofilm formation. | | 2010 | 20017794 |
| bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and spreading in periodontal tissue. | | 2010 | 20017796 |
| buccal alterations in diabetes mellitus. | long standing hyperglycaemia besides damaging the kidneys, eyes, nerves, blood vessels, heart, can also impair the function of the salivary glands leading to a reduction in the salivary flow. when salivary flow decreases, as a consequence of an acute hyperglycaemia, many buccal or oral alterations can occur such as: a) increased concentration of mucin and glucose; b) impaired production and/or action of many antimicrobial factors; c) absence of a metalloprotein called gustin, that contains zinc ... | 2010 | 20180965 |
| relationships among gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers, clinical parameters of periodontal disease, and the subgingival microbiota. | the objectives of this study were to measure levels of gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) biomarkers and subgingival bacterial species in periodontally healthy subjects and subjects with periodontitis to explore the relationships among these biomarkers, the subgingival microbiota, and the clinical parameters of periodontal disease. | 2010 | 20059421 |
| relationships among interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, adipokines, vitamin d, and chronic periodontitis. | the aim of this study is to explore relationships among serum adipokines, vitamin d, and clinical and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis before and after treatment. | 2011 | 22181684 |
| relationships among interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, adipokines, vitamin d, and chronic periodontitis. | the aim of this study is to explore relationships among serum adipokines, vitamin d, and clinical and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis before and after treatment. | 2011 | 22181684 |
| bacterial biogeography of the human digestive tract. | we present bacterial biogeography as sampled from the human gastrointestinal tract of four healthy subjects. this study generated >32 million paired-end sequences of bacterial 16s rrna genes (v3 region) representing >95,000 unique operational taxonomic units (otus; 97% similarity clusters), with >99% good's coverage for all samples. the highest otu richness and phylogenetic diversity was found in the mouth samples. the microbial communities of multiple biopsy sites within the colon were highly s ... | 2011 | 22355685 |
| neutrophils in periodontal inflammation. | neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are the most abundant leukocytes whose primary purpose as anti-microbial professional phagocytes is to kill extracellular pathogens. neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytic cell types that along with other cells effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, and help promote inflammatory resolution and tissue healing. found extensively within the gingival crevice and epithelium, neutrophils are considered the key pr ... | 2011 | 22142957 |
| neutrophils in periodontal inflammation. | neutrophils (also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are the most abundant leukocytes whose primary purpose as anti-microbial professional phagocytes is to kill extracellular pathogens. neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytic cell types that along with other cells effectively link the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response, and help promote inflammatory resolution and tissue healing. found extensively within the gingival crevice and epithelium, neutrophils are considered the key pr ... | 2011 | 22142957 |
| the influence of micronutrients on oral and general health. | the aim of the present clinical pilot study was to examine the influence of a combination of micronutrients on individuals with high stress experience. | 2011 | 22027646 |
| stick to your gums: mechanisms of oral microbial adherence. | studies on the adherence properties of oral bacteria have been a major focus in microbiology research for several decades. the ability of bacteria to adhere to the variety of surfaces present in the oral cavity, and to become integrated within the resident microbial communities, confers growth and survival properties. molecular analyses have revealed several families of gram-positive bacterial surface proteins, including serine-rich repeat, antigen i/ii, and pilus families, that mediate adherenc ... | 2011 | 21335541 |
| comparative genomics evidence that only protein toxins are tagging bad bugs. | the term toxin was introduced by roux and yersin and describes macromolecular substances that, when produced during infection or when introduced parenterally or orally, cause an impairment of physiological functions that lead to disease or to the death of the infected organism. long after the discovery of toxins, early genetic studies on bacterial virulence demonstrated that removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria decreases their capacity to infect hosts. each of the removed ... | 2011 | 22919573 |
| saliva: a diagnostic biomarker of periodontal diseases. | early detection of disease plays a crucial role in successful therapy. early diagnosis and management reduces the severity and possible complications of the disease process. to overcome this challenge, medical researchers are devoted to finding molecular disease biomarkers that reveal a hidden lethal threat before the disease becomes complicated. saliva, an important physiologic fluid, containing a highly complex mixture of substances, is rapidly gaining popularity as a diagnostic tool. periodon ... | 2011 | 22368352 |
| epithelial interleukin-8 responses to oral bacterial biofilms. | an in vitro model of bacterial biofilms on rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (rgpls) was developed to challenge oral epithelial cells. this novel model provided seminal data on oral biofilm-host cell interactions, and with selected bacteria, the biofilms were more effective than their planktonic counterparts at stimulating host cell responses. | 2011 | 21832101 |
| translational and clinical applications of salivary diagnostics. | there have been significant advances in techniques for the detection of biomarker signals in the oral cavity (e.g., elisas for proteins, pcr for rna and dna) as well as the engineering and development of microfluidic approaches to make oral-based point-of-care (poc) methods for the diagnosis for both local and systemic conditions a reality. in this section, we focus on three such approaches, namely, periodontal disease management, early markers for systemic diseases, and salivary markers useful ... | 2011 | 21917748 |
| ros-mediated signalling in bacteria: zinc-containing cys-x-x-cys redox centres and iron-based oxidative stress. | bacteria are permanently in contact with reactive oxygen species (ros), both over the course of their life cycle as well that present in their environment. these species cause damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, negatively impacting the organism. to detect these ros molecules and to stimulate the expression of proteins involved in antioxidative stress response, bacteria use a number of different protein-based regulatory and sensory systems. ros-based stress detection mechanisms induce p ... | 2011 | 21977318 |
| ros-mediated signalling in bacteria: zinc-containing cys-x-x-cys redox centres and iron-based oxidative stress. | bacteria are permanently in contact with reactive oxygen species (ros), both over the course of their life cycle as well that present in their environment. these species cause damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleotides, negatively impacting the organism. to detect these ros molecules and to stimulate the expression of proteins involved in antioxidative stress response, bacteria use a number of different protein-based regulatory and sensory systems. ros-based stress detection mechanisms induce p ... | 2011 | 21977318 |
| inflammasomes in cardiovascular diseases. | nod-like receptors (nlrs) constitute a recently identified family of macromolecules that participate in regulation of innate immune responses. to date, 23 members of the nlr family are identified in humans. diverse nlrs are stimulated by a broad range of pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns, and collectively function as intracellular pattern recognition receptors (prrs). the most studied inflammasomes are nlrp1 and nlrp3 that process inactive pro-caspase-1 to its active form, allowi ... | 2011 | 22254202 |
| periodontal disease and tooth loss as risks for cancer: a systematic review of the literature. | periodontal disease is a chronic destructive disease which occurs in adults, young people, and children. periodontal disease and periodontal pathogens have been associated with several systemic diseases and more recently, several studies have suggested the relationship between periodontal disease and cancer. studies with adjustment for the effect of smoking exposure, have found significant positive associations with different cancer sites. this review has outlined recent epidemiologic researches ... | 2011 | 26322197 |
| bacterial interactions in dental biofilm. | biofilms are masses of microorganisms that bind to and multiply on a solid surface, typically with a fluid bathing the microbes. the microorganisms that are not attached but are free floating in an aqueous environment are termed planktonic cells. traditionally, microbiology research has addressed results from planktonic bacterial cells. however, many recent studies have indicated that biofilms are the preferred form of growth of most microbes and particularly those of a pathogenic nature. biofil ... | 2011 | 21778817 |
| papillon-lefévre syndrome. | the goal of periodontal therapy has always been regeneration of the lost tissues. however, conventional periodontal therapy has not always been successful in achieving regeneration, especially when it is part of a syndrome. this case report involves a 13-year old male patient with the chief complaint of mobile teeth for over 3 months. his dental history revealed early loss of primary dentition, around 3-4 years of age and that he noticed mobility of permanent incisors and molars at 9-10 years. k ... | 2011 | 22144846 |
| measurement of peroxiredoxin activity. | peroxiredoxins are cysteine-dependent peroxidases that react with hydrogen peroxide, larger hydroperoxide substrates, and peroxynitrite. protocols are provided to measure prx activity with peroxide by (1) a coupled reaction with nadph, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin, (2) the direct monitoring of thioredoxin oxidation, (3) competition with horseradish peroxidase, and (4) peroxide consumption using the fox assay. | 2011 | 21818753 |
| benzyl isothiocyanate, a major component from the roots of salvadora persica is highly active against gram-negative bacteria. | plants produce a number of antimicrobial substances and the roots of the shrub salvadora persica have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial activity. sticks from the roots of s. persica, miswak sticks, have been used for centuries as a traditional method of cleaning teeth. diverging reports on the chemical nature and antimicrobial repertoire of the chewing sticks from s. persica led us to explore its antibacterial properties against a panel of pathogenic or commensal bacteria and to identif ... | 2011 | 21829688 |
| phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth: a review of the molecular, immune, and inflammatory features. | gingival overgrowth (go) is a side effect associated with some distinct classes of drugs, such as anticonvulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers. go is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix in gingival connective tissues, particularly collagenous components, with varying degrees of inflammation. one of the main drugs associated with go is the antiepileptic phenytoin, which affects gingival tissues by altering extracellular matrix metabolism. nevertheless, th ... | 2011 | 21991476 |
| evaluation of two mouth rinses in reduction of oral malodor using a spectrophotometric technique. | various mouth rinses have been used in the treatment of halitosis, but most of the evidence for the efficacy of mouth rinses is anecdotal. in the present study, 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse and an essential oil mouth rinse are compared for their efficacy in reducing the breath mercaptan levels. | 2011 | 22028512 |
| gingipains from porphyromonas gingivalis - complex domain structures confer diverse functions. | gingipains, a group of arginine or lysine specific cysteine proteinases (also known as rgpa, rgpb and kgp), have been recognized as major virulence factors in porphyromonas gingivalis. this bacterium is one of a handful of pathogens that cause chronic periodontitis. gingipains are involved in adherence to and colonization of epithelial cells, haemagglutination and haemolysis of erythrocytes, disruption and manipulation of the inflammatory response, and the degradation of host proteins and tissue ... | 2011 | 24466435 |
| critical analysis of biomarkers in the current periodontal practice. | periodontal disease is a chronic microbial infection that triggers inflammation-mediated loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone that supports the teeth. because of the increasing prevalence and associated comorbidities, there is a need for the development of new diagnostic tests that can detect the presence of active disease, predict future disease progression, and evaluate the response to periodontal therapy, thereby improving the clinical management of periodontal patients. the dia ... | 2011 | 21976831 |
| genomes of the most dangerous epidemic bacteria have a virulence repertoire characterized by fewer genes but more toxin-antitoxin modules. | we conducted a comparative genomic study based on a neutral approach to identify genome specificities associated with the virulence capacity of pathogenic bacteria. we also determined whether virulence is dictated by rules, or if it is the result of individual evolutionary histories. we systematically compared the genomes of the 12 most dangerous pandemic bacteria for humans ("bad bugs") to their closest non-epidemic related species ("controls"). | 2011 | 21437250 |
| pathologic crossroads: cardio-vascular diseases, periodontal diseases and calcium antagonists. | during the last decennium a more focused attention has been directed to the presence of chronic inflammation in cardiovascular diseases (cvd), but mainly to the high impact that this one has in generating and fastening the atherosclerotic process. | 2011 | 21505569 |
| periodontal treatment effects on endothelial function and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in subjects with chronic periodontitis: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. | periodontal disease (pd) is an infectious clinical entity characterized by the destruction of supporting tissues of the teeth as the result of a chronic inflammatory response in a susceptible host. it has been proposed that pd as subclinical infection may contribute to the etiology and to the pathogenesis of several systemic diseases including atherosclerosis. a number of epidemiological studies link periodontal disease/edentulism as independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction, perip ... | 2011 | 21324167 |
| microbial shift and periodontitis. | | 2011 | 21134227 |
| evaluating the stoichiometry of macromolecular complexes using multisignal sedimentation velocity. | gleaning information regarding the molecular physiology of macromolecular complexes requires knowledge of their component stoichiometries. in this work, a relatively new means of analyzing sedimentation velocity (sv) data from the analytical ultracentrifuge is examined in detail. the method depends on collecting concentration profile data simultaneously using multiple signals, like rayleigh interferometry and uv spectrophotometry. if the cosedimenting components of a complex are spectrally disti ... | 2011 | 21256217 |
| defining pathogenic bacterial species in the genomic era. | actual definitions of bacterial species are limited due to the current criteria of definition and the use of restrictive genetic tools. the 16s ribosomal rna sequence, for example, has been widely used as a marker for phylogenetic analyses; however, its use often leads to misleading species definitions. according to the first genetic studies, removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria removes their capacity to infect hosts. however, more recent studies have demonstrated that the ... | 2011 | 21687765 |
| defining pathogenic bacterial species in the genomic era. | actual definitions of bacterial species are limited due to the current criteria of definition and the use of restrictive genetic tools. the 16s ribosomal rna sequence, for example, has been widely used as a marker for phylogenetic analyses; however, its use often leads to misleading species definitions. according to the first genetic studies, removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria removes their capacity to infect hosts. however, more recent studies have demonstrated that the ... | 2011 | 21687765 |
| changes in the subgingival biofilm composition after coronally positioned flap. | this study evaluated the effects of coronally positioned flap (cpf) on the subgingival biofilm composition. | 2011 | 21437473 |
| biofilm: a dental microbial infection. | recent advances in research technology have allowed researchers to study bacteria in their natural environment. dental biofilm forms via an ordered sequence of events, resulting in structured and functionally organized species rich microbial community and modern molecular biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm, twice as many as can be cultured. sites for biofilm formation include all kinds of surfaces: natural materials above and below ... | 2011 | 22470238 |
| pulpal perio relations: interdisciplinary diagnostic approach - i. | lesions of pulpal and periodontal origin may perpetuate from either the infections of dental pulp or periodontium or alveolar bone. this review focuses on interdisciplinary diagnostic approach towards lesions of periodontal or endodontic origin. | 2011 | 21772729 |
| probiotics in periodontal health and disease. | macfarlane burnett stated in 1962 that "by the late twentieth century, we can anticipate the virtual elimination of infectious diseases as a significant factor in social life". probiotics have become of interest to researchers in recent times. time has come to shift the paradigm of treatment from specific bacteria elimination to altering bacterial ecology by probiotics. the development of resistance to a range of antibiotics by some important pathogens has raised the possibility of a return to t ... | 2011 | 21772717 |
| saliva as a diagnostic fluid. | salivary diagnostics is a dynamic and emerging field utilizing nanotechnology and molecular diagnostics to aid in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. in this article the author critically reviews the latest advances using oral biomarkers for disease detection. the use of oral fluids is broadening perspectives in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and decision making for patient care. important elements determining the future possibilities and challenges in this field are also discu ... | 2011 | 21094724 |
| prevalence, biogenesis, and functionality of the serine protease autotransporter espp. | enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) causes severe diseases in humans worldwide. one of its virulence factors is espp, which belongs to the serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spate) family. in this review we recapitulate the current data on prevalence, biogenesis, structural properties and functionality. espp has been used to investigate mechanistic details of autotransport, and recent studies indicate that this transport mechanism is not autonomous but rather dependent on addit ... | 2012 | 23274272 |
| prevalence, biogenesis, and functionality of the serine protease autotransporter espp. | enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) causes severe diseases in humans worldwide. one of its virulence factors is espp, which belongs to the serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spate) family. in this review we recapitulate the current data on prevalence, biogenesis, structural properties and functionality. espp has been used to investigate mechanistic details of autotransport, and recent studies indicate that this transport mechanism is not autonomous but rather dependent on addit ... | 2012 | 23274272 |
| metagenomic analysis of subgingival microbiota following non-surgical periodontal therapy: a pilot study. | this study tested the feasibility of a high throughput metagenomic approach to analyze the pre- and posttreatment of subgingival plaque in two subjects with aggressive periodontitis. dna was extracted from subgingival samples and subjected to pcr amplification of the c2-c4 regions of the 16s rdna using primers with bar codes to identify individual samples. the pcr products were pooled and sequenced for the v4 region of the 16s rdna using the 454 flx standard platform. the results were analyzed f ... | 2012 | 23341849 |
| structure of the essential diversity-generating retroelement protein bavd and its functionally important interaction with reverse transcriptase. | diversity-generating retroelements (dgrs) are the only known source of massive protein sequence variation in prokaryotes. these elements transfer coding information from a template region (tr) through an rna intermediate to a protein-encoding variable region. this retrohoming process is accompanied by unique adenine-specific mutagenesis and, in the prototypical bpp-1 dgr, requires a reverse transcriptase (brt) and an accessory variability determinant (bavd) protein. to understand the role of bav ... | 2012 | 23273427 |
| structure of the essential diversity-generating retroelement protein bavd and its functionally important interaction with reverse transcriptase. | diversity-generating retroelements (dgrs) are the only known source of massive protein sequence variation in prokaryotes. these elements transfer coding information from a template region (tr) through an rna intermediate to a protein-encoding variable region. this retrohoming process is accompanied by unique adenine-specific mutagenesis and, in the prototypical bpp-1 dgr, requires a reverse transcriptase (brt) and an accessory variability determinant (bavd) protein. to understand the role of bav ... | 2012 | 23273427 |
| regulation of tlr2-mediated tolerance and cross-tolerance through irak4 modulation by mir-132 and mir-212. | innate immune response is the first defense against pathogens via recognition by various conserved pattern recognition receptors, such as tlrs, to initiate a rapid and strong cytokine alarm. tlr signaling-mediated cytokine production must be properly regulated to prevent pathological conditions deriving from overproduction of cytokines. in this study, the role of specific micrornas in tlr-signaling pathway was investigated to reveal the cross-interaction and -regulation in the myd88 pathway. in ... | 2012 | 23264652 |
| regulation of tlr2-mediated tolerance and cross-tolerance through irak4 modulation by mir-132 and mir-212. | innate immune response is the first defense against pathogens via recognition by various conserved pattern recognition receptors, such as tlrs, to initiate a rapid and strong cytokine alarm. tlr signaling-mediated cytokine production must be properly regulated to prevent pathological conditions deriving from overproduction of cytokines. in this study, the role of specific micrornas in tlr-signaling pathway was investigated to reveal the cross-interaction and -regulation in the myd88 pathway. in ... | 2012 | 23264652 |
| conservation and revised annotation of the treponema denticola prcb-prca-prtp locus encoding the dentilisin (ctlp) protease complex. | interstrain differences in antigenic surface proteins may reflect immunological pressure or differences in receptor specificity of the antigen. treponema denticola exhibits considerable interstrain variability in its major surface protein (msp), but no studies have addressed this issue in dentilisin (ctlp), a surface protease complex that has a significant role in t. denticola-host interactions in periodontal disease. furthermore, the genome annotation of the prcb-prca-prtp operon encoding denti ... | 2012 | 23253337 |
| conservation and revised annotation of the treponema denticola prcb-prca-prtp locus encoding the dentilisin (ctlp) protease complex. | interstrain differences in antigenic surface proteins may reflect immunological pressure or differences in receptor specificity of the antigen. treponema denticola exhibits considerable interstrain variability in its major surface protein (msp), but no studies have addressed this issue in dentilisin (ctlp), a surface protease complex that has a significant role in t. denticola-host interactions in periodontal disease. furthermore, the genome annotation of the prcb-prca-prtp operon encoding denti ... | 2012 | 23253337 |
| microbial interactions in building of communities. | establishment of a community is considered to be essential for microbial growth and survival in the human oral cavity. biofilm communities have increased resilience to physical forces, antimicrobial agents and nutritional variations. specific cell-to-cell adherence processes, mediated by adhesin-receptor pairings on respective microbial surfaces, are able to direct community development. these interactions co-localize species in mutually beneficial relationships, such as streptococci, veillonell ... | 2012 | 23253299 |
| microbial interactions in building of communities. | establishment of a community is considered to be essential for microbial growth and survival in the human oral cavity. biofilm communities have increased resilience to physical forces, antimicrobial agents and nutritional variations. specific cell-to-cell adherence processes, mediated by adhesin-receptor pairings on respective microbial surfaces, are able to direct community development. these interactions co-localize species in mutually beneficial relationships, such as streptococci, veillonell ... | 2012 | 23253299 |
| teth137, a conserved factor of unknown function from thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200, represses the transcription of the adhe gene in vitro. | teth137, a 13.7 kd protein of unknown function from thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200, is encoded by 360 nucleotides and has been obtained by dna-coupled column previously. however, no function study of teth137 has been published. homologous modeling of teth137 shows the protein is comprised of a helix-turn-helix motif which is a typical dna-binding domain. therefore, it is speculated teth137 is a dna-binding protein and involved in transcription of the adhe gene (encodes alcohol dehydrogenas ... | 2012 | 24426101 |
| teth137, a conserved factor of unknown function from thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200, represses the transcription of the adhe gene in vitro. | teth137, a 13.7 kd protein of unknown function from thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus jw200, is encoded by 360 nucleotides and has been obtained by dna-coupled column previously. however, no function study of teth137 has been published. homologous modeling of teth137 shows the protein is comprised of a helix-turn-helix motif which is a typical dna-binding domain. therefore, it is speculated teth137 is a dna-binding protein and involved in transcription of the adhe gene (encodes alcohol dehydrogenas ... | 2012 | 24426101 |
| papillon-lefèvre syndrome: a series of six cases in the same family. | papillon-lefèvre syndrome (pls) is a rare, autosomal recessive heterogeneous disorder, which is characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, early loss of primary and permanent teeth, and associated calcification of the dura mater. herein we described six cases of pls in the same family. in this series, six cases (two females and four males) with the mean age of 15.6 ± 10.4 years were recruited. palmoplantar hyperkeratosis was detected in all of the cases, leading to a difficult and painful wal ... | 2012 | 23251811 |
| optimization of quantitative polymerase chain reactions for detection and quantification of eight periodontal bacterial pathogens. | the aim of this study was to optimize quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays for 8 major periodontal pathogens, i.e. aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fusobacterium nucleatum, parvimonas micros, porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, tanerella forsythia and treponema denticola, and of the caries pathogen streptococcus mutans. | 2012 | 23199017 |
| biophysical and bioinformatic analyses implicate the treponema pallidum tp34 lipoprotein (tp0971) in transition metal homeostasis. | metal ion homeostasis is a critical function of many integral and peripheral membrane proteins. the genome of the etiologic agent of syphilis, treponema pallidum, is compact and devoid of many metabolic enzyme genes. nevertheless, it harbors genes coding for homologs of several enzymes that typically require either iron or zinc. the product of the tp0971 gene of t. pallidum, designated tp34, is a periplasmic lipoprotein that is thought to be tethered to the inner membrane of this organism. previ ... | 2012 | 23042995 |
| il-17 and il-11 gcf levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients: relation to pcr bacterial detection. | this study evaluated il-17 and il-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) of generalized chronic periodontitis (gcp) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (gagp) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria. | 2012 | 23226926 |
| comprehensive analysis of secondary dental root canal infections: a combination of culture and culture-independent approaches reveals new insights. | persistence of microorganisms or reinfections are the main reasons for failure of root canal therapy. very few studies to date have included culture-independent methods to assess the microbiota, including non-cultivable microorganisms. the aim of this study was to combine culture methods with culture-independent cloning methods to analyze the microbial flora of root-filled teeth with periradicular lesions. twenty-one samples from previously root-filled teeth were collected from patients with per ... | 2012 | 23152922 |
| development of microorganisms for cellulose-biofuel consolidated bioprocessings: metabolic engineers' tricks. | cellulose waste biomass is the most abundant and attractive substrate for "biorefinery strategies" that are aimed to produce high-value products (e.g. solvents, fuels, building blocks) by economically and environmentally sustainable fermentation processes. however, cellulose is highly recalcitrant to biodegradation and its conversion by biotechnological strategies currently requires economically inefficient multistep industrial processes. the need for dedicated cellulase production continues to ... | 2012 | 24688667 |
| proteome variation among filifactor alocis strains. | filifactor alocis, a gram-positive anaerobic rod, is now considered one of the marker organisms associated with periodontal disease. although there was heterogeneity in its virulence potential, this bacterium was shown to have virulence properties that may enhance its ability to survive and persist in the periodontal pocket. to gain further insight into a possible mechanism(s) of pathogenesis, the proteome of f. alocis strains was evaluated. proteins including several proteases, neutrophil-activ ... | 2012 | 23008013 |
| cleavage of igg1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis. | immunoglobulin (ig) g1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses igg1 heavy chains. the purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of igg1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. | 2012 | 23116446 |
| cleavage of igg1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis. | immunoglobulin (ig) g1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses igg1 heavy chains. the purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of igg1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. | 2012 | 23116446 |
| bana-positive plaque samples are associated with oral hygiene practices and not cd4+ t cell counts in hiv-positive patients. | background. the "red complex" microorganisms, namely, porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia are considered as potential pathogens causing hiv-associated periodontal diseases. moreover, it has been recognized that an association exists between cd4+ t cell counts and periodontal disease progression. objective. to establish whether cd4+ t cell counts or oral hygiene plays a greater role in producing bana-positive results in hiv-associated periodontal disease. mater ... | 2012 | 23258979 |
| analysis of thic variants in the context of the metabolic network of salmonella enterica. | in bacteria, the 4-amino-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (hmp) moiety of thiamine is synthesized from 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (air), a branch point metabolite of purine and thiamine biosynthesis. thic is a member of the radical s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) superfamily and catalyzes the complex chemical rearrangement of air to hmp-p. as reconstituted in vitro, the thic reaction requires adomet, air, and reductant. this study analyzed variants of thic in vivo and in vitro to probe the metaboli ... | 2012 | 22961850 |
| complement and dysbiosis in periodontal disease. | signaling crosstalk between complement and toll-like receptors (tlrs) normally serves to coordinate host immunity. however, the periodontal bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis expresses c5 convertase-like enzymatic activity and adeptly exploits complement-tlr crosstalk to subvert host defenses and escape elimination. intriguingly, this defective immune surveillance leads to the remodeling of the periodontal microbiota to a dysbiotic state that causes inflammatory periodontitis. understanding the ... | 2012 | 22964237 |
| a phage display selected 7-mer peptide inhibitor of the tannerella forsythia metalloprotease-like enzyme karilysin can be truncated to ser-trp-phe-pro. | tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative bacteria, which is strongly associated with the development of periodontal disease. karilysin is a newly identified metalloprotease-like enzyme, that is secreted from t. forsythia. karilysin modulates the host immune response and is therefore considered a likely drug target. in this study peptides were selected towards the catalytic domain from karilysin (kly18) by phage display. the peptides were linear with low micromolar binding affinities. the two best ... | 2012 | 23119051 |
| offense and defense: microbial membrane vesicles play both ways. | microbes have evolved over millennia to become adapted and specialized to the environments that they occupy. these environments may include water or soil, extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents, and can even include a host organism. to become adapted to these locations, microbes have evolved specific tools to mediate interactions with the environment. one such tool that prokaryotes have evolved includes the production of membrane vesicles (mvs). mvs are 10-300 nm spherical blebs derived ... | 2012 | 23123555 |
| controlled biosynthesis of odd-chain fuels and chemicals via engineered modular metabolic pathways. | microbial systems are being increasingly developed as production hosts for a wide variety of chemical compounds. broader adoption of microbial synthesis is hampered by a limited number of high-yielding natural pathways for molecules with the desired physical properties, as well as the difficulty in functionally assembling complex biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. here, we address both of these challenges by reporting the adaptation of the butanol biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis ... | 2012 | 23071297 |
| glycobiology aspects of the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia. | glycobiology is important for the periodontal pathogen tannerella forsythia, affecting the bacterium's cellular integrity, its life-style, and virulence potential. the bacterium possesses a unique gram-negative cell envelope with a glycosylated surface (s-) layer as outermost decoration that is proposed to be anchored via a rough lipopolysaccharide. the s-layer glycan has the structure 4‑meo-b-manpnacconh2-(1→3)-[pse5am7gc-(2→4)-]-b-manpnaca-(1→4)-[4-meo-a-galp-(1→2)-]-a-fucp-(1→4)-[-a-xylp-(1→3 ... | 2012 | 24970146 |
| quantitative discrimination of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans highly leukotoxic jp2 clone from non-jp2 clones in diagnosis of aggressive periodontitis. | aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the etiological agent of periodontitis, and there is a strong association between clone jp2 and aggressive periodontitis in adolescents of african descent. the jp2 clone has an approximately 530-bp deletion (∆530) in the promoter region of the lkt/ltx gene, which encodes leukotoxin, and this clone has high leukotoxic activity. therefore, this clone is very important in aggressive periodontitis. to diagnose this disease, culture methods and conventional pc ... | 2012 | 23050598 |
| advancement of the 10-species subgingival zurich biofilm model by examining different nutritional conditions and defining the structure of the in vitro biofilms. | periodontitis is caused by a highly complex consortium of bacteria that establishes as biofilms in subgingival pockets. it is a disease that occurs worldwide and its consequences are a major health concern. investigations in situ are not possible and the bacterial community varies greatly between patients and even within different loci. due to the high complexity of the consortium and the availability of samples, a clear definition of the pathogenic bacteria and their mechanisms of pathogenicity ... | 2012 | 23040057 |
| recording and surveillance systems for periodontal diseases. | this paper describes tools used to measure periodontal diseases and the integration of these tools into surveillance systems. tools to measure periodontal diseases at the surveillance level have focussed on current manifestations of disease (e.g. gingival inflammation) or disease sequelae (e.g. periodontal pocket depth or loss of attachment). all tools reviewed in this paper were developed based on the state of the science of the pathophysiology of periodontal disease at the time of their design ... | 2012 | 22909105 |
| miswak: a periodontist's perspective. | meticulous plaque control on a daily routine basis is the single most important step to achieve good oral health. herbal chewing sticks, commonly known as miswak, are among the ancient and traditional oral hygiene aids popular in india, pakistan, most of the arabian countries, and several african countries. but nowadays, because of low cost, free availability, unique chemical composition, and spiritual beliefs, miswak is being used worldwide. a large number of studies have proved that miswak is ... | 2012 | 23326088 |
| sensing the enemy: new role for a bacterial secretion system in activation of an innate immunity-associated microrna. | | 2012 | 23076273 |
| the prosthodontic management of a young edentulous patient with the papillon lefevre syndrome-a rare case report. | the papillon lefevre syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder which is characterized by various dermatological manifestations and periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disease. its aetiopathogenesis is thought to be secondary to the mutation of the cathepsin c gene. various studies have shown that the immune related cells like the polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the macrophages and their precursors were affected.this report elicits about an edentulous male with this syndrome, who wa ... | 2012 | 23373060 |
| a bacterial glycan core linked to surface (s)-layer proteins modulates host immunity through th17 suppression. | tannerella forsythia is a pathogen implicated in periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues often leading to tooth loss. this key periodontal pathogen is decorated with a unique glycan core o-glycosidically linked to the bacterium's proteinaceous surface (s)-layer lattice and other glycoproteins. herein, we show that the terminal motif of this glycan core acts to modulate dendritic cell effector functions to suppress t-helper (th)17 responses. in contrast to the wild- ... | 2012 | 22968422 |
| a bacterial glycan core linked to surface (s)-layer proteins modulates host immunity through th17 suppression. | tannerella forsythia is a pathogen implicated in periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues often leading to tooth loss. this key periodontal pathogen is decorated with a unique glycan core o-glycosidically linked to the bacterium's proteinaceous surface (s)-layer lattice and other glycoproteins. herein, we show that the terminal motif of this glycan core acts to modulate dendritic cell effector functions to suppress t-helper (th)17 responses. in contrast to the wild- ... | 2012 | 22968422 |
| beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (psd) model of periodontal disease etiology. | recent advancements in the periodontal research field are consistent with a new model of pathogenesis according to which periodontitis is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community rather than by select 'periopathogens', such as the 'red complex'. in this polymicrobial synergy, different members or specific gene combinations within the community fulfill distinct roles that converge to shape and stabilize a disease-provoking microbiota. one of the core requirements for a potenti ... | 2012 | 23134607 |
| the keystone-pathogen hypothesis. | recent studies have highlighted the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease. however, for the most part the mechanisms by which the microbiome mediates disease, or protection from it, remain poorly understood. the keystone-pathogen hypothesis holds that certain low-abundance microbial pathogens can orchestrate inflammatory disease by remodelling a normally benign microbiota into a dysbiotic one. in this opinion article, we critically assess the available literature that supports ... | 2012 | 22941505 |
| a proteomic investigation of fusobacterium nucleatum alkaline-induced biofilms. | the gram negative anaerobe fusobacterium nucleatum has been implicated in the aetiology of periodontal diseases. although frequently isolated from healthy dental plaque, its numbers and proportion increase in plaque associated with disease. one of the significant physico-chemical changes in the diseased gingival sulcus is increased environmental ph. when grown under controlled conditions in our laboratory, f. nucleatum subspecies polymorphum formed mono-culture biofilms when cultured at ph 8.2. ... | 2012 | 22943491 |
| energy filtering transmission electron microscopy immunocytochemistry and antigen retrieval of surface layer proteins from tannerella forsythensis using microwave or autoclave heating with citraconic anhydride. | tannerella forsythensis (bacteroides forsythus), an anaerobic gram-negative species of bacteria that plays a role in the progression of periodontal disease, has a unique bacterial protein profile. it is characterized by two unique protein bands with molecular weights of more than 200 kda. it also is known to have a typical surface layer (s-layer) consisting of regularly arrayed subunits outside the outer membrane. we examined the relationship between high molecular weight proteins and the s-laye ... | 2012 | 22984898 |
| porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential community activist for disease. | an extensive analysis of dental plaque samples over the years has led to the identification of "red" complex oral bacteria that have a strong association with each other and with disease. consequently, these bacteria have been labeled 'periopathogens'. studies with one of these bacteria, porphyromonas gingivalis, have revealed that it contains several different mechanisms which either impede or modulate periodontal protective mechanisms. in a mouse model of periodontitis, it has been shown that ... | 2012 | 22772362 |
| hcpr of porphyromonas gingivalis is required for growth under nitrosative stress and survival within host cells. | although the gram-negative, anaerobic periodontopathogen porphyromonas gingivalis must withstand nitrosative stress, which is particularly high in the oral cavity, the mechanisms allowing for protection against such stress are not known in this organism. in this study, microarray analysis of p. gingivalis transcriptional response to nitrite and nitric oxide showed drastic upregulation of the pg0893 gene coding for hybrid cluster protein (hcp), which is a putative hydroxylamine reductase. althoug ... | 2012 | 22778102 |
| global expression profile of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial compounds in the plant-pathogenic bacterium xylella fastidiosa reveals evidence of persister cells. | investigations of biofilm resistance response rarely focus on plant-pathogenic bacteria. since xylella fastidiosa is a multihost plant-pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilm in the xylem, the behavior of its biofilm in response to antimicrobial compounds needs to be better investigated. we analyzed here the transcriptional profile of x. fastidiosa subsp. pauca in response to inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations of copper and tetracycline. copper-based products are routinely used to contr ... | 2012 | 22730126 |
| association of cd14-260 polymorphisms, red-complex periodontopathogens and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels with cyclosporine a-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. | backgroud and objective: genetic factors may influence the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, therefore increasing the risk for the initiation and development of periodontal disease. the present study was carried out to investigate the association of cd14-260 polymorphisms, subgingival microbiota, and gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) cytokine levels with cyclosporine a (csa)-induced gingival overgrowth (go) in renal transplant patients. | 2012 | 22934794 |
| association of cd14-260 polymorphisms, red-complex periodontopathogens and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels with cyclosporine a-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients. | backgroud and objective: genetic factors may influence the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, therefore increasing the risk for the initiation and development of periodontal disease. the present study was carried out to investigate the association of cd14-260 polymorphisms, subgingival microbiota, and gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) cytokine levels with cyclosporine a (csa)-induced gingival overgrowth (go) in renal transplant patients. | 2012 | 22934794 |
| bacterial cell surface heterogeneity: a pathogen's disguise. | | 2012 | 22952444 |
| bugs that debugs: probiotics. | the oral cavity harbors a diverse array of bacterial species. there are more than 600 species that colonize in the oral cavity. these include a lot of organisms that are not commonly known to reside in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and also are more familiar: lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and lactobacillus salivarius. the balance of all these microorganisms can easily be disturbed and a prevalence of p ... | 2012 | 23066281 |
| staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 3 binds to the toll-like receptor 2 extracellular domain and inhibits cytokine production induced by staphylococcus aureus, cell wall component, or lipopeptides in murine macrophages. | staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (ssls) are a family of exoproteins sharing structural similarity with superantigens, but no superantigenic activity. corresponding host target proteins or receptors against a portion of ssls in the family have been identified. in this study, we show that ssl3 specifically binds to toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and inhibits the stimulation of macrophages by tlr2 ligands. an approximately 100-kda protein was recovered by using recombinant his-tagged ssl3-con ... | 2012 | 22665377 |