| synthesis of octapeptin c4 and biological profiling against ndm-1 and polymyxin-resistant bacteria. | the first synthesis of octapeptin c4 was achieved using a combination of solid phase synthesis and off-resin cyclisation. octapeptin c4 displayed antibiotic activity against multi-drug resistant, ndm-1 and polymyxin-resistant gram-negative bacteria, with moderate activity against staphylococcus aureus. the linear analogue of octapeptin c4 was also prepared, which showed reduced activity. | 2017 | 28454673 |
| patterns and predictors of antimicrobial resistance among staphylococcus spp. from canine clinical cases presented at a veterinary academic hospital in south africa. | antimicrobial resistance in staphylococci, often associated with treatment failure, is increasingly reported in veterinary medicine. the aim of this study was to investigate patterns and predictors of antimicrobial resistance among staphylococcus spp. isolates from canine samples submitted to the bacteriology laboratory at the university of pretoria academic veterinary hospital between 2007 and 2012. retrospective data of 334 staphylococcus isolates were used to calculate the proportion of sampl ... | 2017 | 28454567 |
| molecular imaging of activated platelets via antibody-targeted ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles displaying unique dual mri contrast. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a powerful and indispensable tool in medical research, clinical diagnosis, and patient care due to its high spatial resolution and non-limited penetration depth. the simultaneous use of positive and negative mri imaging that employs the same contrast agents will significantly improve detection accuracy. here we report the development of functional multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted mri of atherothrombosis using a combination of chemical and biolo ... | 2017 | 28453956 |
| eradication of staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections using synthetic antimicrobial peptides. | here, we demonstrate that antimicrobial peptides (amps) are an effective antibiofilm treatment when applied as catheter lock solutions (clss) against s. aureus biofilm infections. the activity of synthetic amps (bac8c, hb43, p18, omiganan, wmr, ranalexin, and polyphemusin) was measured against early and mature biofilms produced by methicillin-resistant s. aureus and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus isolates from patients with device-related infections grown under in vivo-relevant biofilm condit ... | 2017 | 28453851 |
| downstream element determines rnase y cleavage of the saepqrs operon in staphylococcus aureus. | in gram-positive bacteria, rnase j1, rnase j2 and rnase y are thought to be major contributors to mrna degradation and maturation. in staphylococcus aureus, rnase y activity is restricted to regulating the mrna decay of only certain transcripts. here the saepqrs operon was used as a model to analyze rnase y specificity in living cells. a rnase y cleavage site is located in an intergenic region between saep and saeq. this cleavage resulted in rapid degradation of the upstream fragment and stabili ... | 2017 | 28453818 |
| anti-microbial coating innovations to prevent infectious diseases (amici): cost action ca15114. | worldwide, millions of patients are affected annually by healthcare-associated infection (hcai), impacting up to 80,000 patients in european hospitals on any given day. this represents not only public health risk, but also an economic burden. complementing routine hand hygiene practices, cleaning and disinfection, antimicrobial coatings hold promise based, in essence, on the application of materials and chemicals with persistent bactericidal or -static properties onto surfaces or in textiles use ... | 2017 | 28453429 |
| infective endocarditis in principal hospital of dakar: a retrospective study of 42 cases over 10 years. | infective endocarditis (ie) is an endocardial infection usually caused by bacteria that affects not only the native heart valves but also, with increasing frequency intravascular implanted devices and congenital heart diseases. despite medical advances, ie remains a life-threatening disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. in africa, its diagnosis and treatment are still a major challenge in clinical practice. the objective of this work was to study the epidemiological, clinical feature ... | 2017 | 28451018 |
| are antibiotic-resistant pathogens more common in subsequent episodes of diabetic foot infection? | after antibiotic therapy of an initial diabetic foot infection (dfi), pathogens isolated from subsequent episodes might become more resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. if so, this might require a modification of the current recommendations for the selection of empiric antibiotic therapy. this study investigated whether the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) dfi guideline recommendations should be modified based on the number of past dfi episodes. | 2017 | 28450198 |
| evaluation of the eazyplex mrsa assay for the rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus in pleural and synovial fluid. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a simple and sensitive technique for rapid microbiological diagnosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical and diagnostic performance of the lamp eazyplex mrsa test for the direct detection and differentiation of methicillin-susceptible (mssa) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in synovial/pleural fluid. | 2017 | 28450195 |
| effects of surfactants on the formation of gelatin nanofibres for controlled release of curcumin. | this work studied the effects of non-ionic tween 80, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfonate (sds) and cationic cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) surfactants on the morphology of electrospun gelatin nanofibres, and on the release behaviour, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of encapsulated curcumin. scanning electron micrographs showed that addition of sds significantly increased the nanofibre diameter. fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicat ... | 2017 | 28450025 |
| relationship between vancomycin exposure and outcomes among patients with mrsa bloodstream infections with vancomycin etest® mic values of 1.5mg/l: a pilot study. | data suggest that vancomycin is less effective for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bloodstream infection (bsi) with vancomycin etest® mic (micetest) ≥1.5 mg/l. no published studies have evaluated the relationship between vancomycin exposure and outcomes among patients with mrsa bsis vancomycin micetest ≥1.5 mg/l. this study was a retrospective cohort of 71 hospitalized, adult, non-dialysis patients with mrsa bsis treated with vancomycin. all but three patients had a vancomycin ... | 2017 | 28449844 |
| noninferiority trial investigating the efficacy of a nonantibiotic intramammary therapy in the treatment of mild-to-moderate clinical mastitis in dairy cows with longer lasting udder diseases. | a nonblinded, positively controlled, noninferiority trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an alternative, nonantibiotic therapy with masti veyxym(®) to reduce ineffective antibiotic usage in the treatment of nonsevere clinical mastitis (cm) in cows with longer lasting udder diseases. the solely intramammary treatment with masti veyxym(®) (three applications, 12 hr apart) and the combined treatment with masti veyxym(®) and antibiotics as usual on the farm according to label of the respe ... | 2017 | 28449183 |
| in response to: "ranjan, p, joshi p, and gupta m. staphylococcus aureus induced endogenous endophthalmitis with pink hypopyon." | | 2017 | 28448724 |
| future research opportunities in peri-prosthetic joint infection prevention. | peri-prosthetic joint infection (pji) is a serious complication of prosthetic joint arthroplasty. a better understanding and reversal of modifiable risk factors may lead to a reduction in the incidence of incisional (superficial and deep) and organ/space (e.g., pji) surgical site infections (ssi). recently, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee (hicpac) published the guideline for prevention of surgical site infecti ... | 2017 | 28448204 |
| a tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach for metabolite analysis of staphylococcus aureus. | in an effort to thwart bacterial pathogens, hosts often limit the availability of nutrients at the site of infection. this limitation can alter the abundances of key metabolites to which regulatory factors respond, adjusting cellular metabolism. in recent years, a number of proteins and rna have emerged as important regulators of virulence gene expression. for example, the cody protein responds to levels of branched-chain amino acids and gtp and is widely conserved in low g+c gram-positive bacte ... | 2017 | 28448019 |
| staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among medical students. | | 2017 | 28447948 |
| nanoemulsion is an effective antimicrobial for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in infected wounds. | to develop nb-201, a nanoemulsion compound, as a novel microbicidal agent against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection, which is a common threat to public health but with limited therapeutic options. | 2017 | 28447896 |
| population dynamics of staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients to determine transmission events by use of whole-genome sequencing. | strict infection control practices have been implemented for health care visits by cystic fibrosis (cf) patients in an attempt to prevent transmission of important pathogens. this study used whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to determine strain relatedness and assess population dynamics of staphylococcus aureus isolates from a cohort of cf patients as assessed by strain relatedness. a total of 311 s. aureus isolates were collected from respiratory cultures of 115 cf patients during a 22-month study ... | 2017 | 28446577 |
| risk factors for persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in cystic fibrosis. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has emerged as an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (cf). over 25% of individuals in the united states with cf are found to have mrsa in respiratory culture specimens, and persistent mrsa infection has been associated with more rapid decline in lung function and increased mortality. the objective of this study was to investigate clinical and demographic characteristics that are associated with the development of persistent mrsa infection in ... | 2017 | 28446387 |
| staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxins: the interface of pathogen and host complexity. | staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen capable of infecting a variety of host species and tissue sites. this versatility stems from the pathogen's ability to secrete diverse host-damaging virulence factors. among these factors, the s. aureus pore-forming toxins (pfts) α-toxin and the bicomponent leukocidins, have garnered much attention for their ability to lyse cells at low concentrations and modulate disease severity. although many of these toxins were discovered nearly a century ... | 2017 | 28445785 |
| rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus in atopic dermatitis by using the bd max staphsr assay. | eczematous lesions of atopic dermatitis (ad) patients are known to be a source of staphylococcus aureus (sa) transmission and might be a reservoir for community-associated methicillin-resistant sa (mrsa). the bd max staphsr (bd-sr) is a fully automated, multiplex real-time pcr assay for the direct detection and differentiation of sa and mrsa from nasal swab samples. we evaluated the detection rates of sa and mrsa from skin lesions of outpatients with ad using the bd-sr assay, and determined the ... | 2017 | 28445011 |
| density assessment and mapping of microorganisms around a biocomposting plant in sanandaj, iran. | exposure to microorganisms can cause various diseases or exacerbate the excitatory responses, inflammation, dry cough and shortness of breath, reduced lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic response or allergic immune. the aim of the present study was to investigate the density of microorganisms around the air of processing facilities of a biocomposting plant. each experiment was carried out according to astm e884-82 (2001) method. the samples were collected from inha ... | 2017 | 28444609 |
| whole-genome sequencing of seven strains of staphylococcus lugdunensis allows identification of mobile genetic elements. | coagulase negative staphylococci are normal inhabitant of the human skin flora that account for an increasing number of infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections. staphylococcus lugdunensis has emerged as a most virulent species causing various infections with clinical characteristics close to what clinicians usually observe with staphylococcus aureus and both bacteria share more than 70% of their genome. virulence of s. aureus relies on a large repertoire of virulence factors, many ... | 2017 | 28444231 |
| prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization among hiv patients in mekelle, northern ethiopia. | hiv-positive individuals are at higher risk of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization and its related infection. there is limited data in the nation on the prevalence and risk factors of mrsa colonization among hiv patients. the aim of this study was to address the existing knowledge gap. cross sectional study was carried out from september 2014 to february 2015 in three selected health centers and one general hospital. a standardized questionnaire was developed for coll ... | 2016 | 28443214 |
| change the habit to change the practice: do audits really ever change anything? | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) eradication by nurses and pre-op induction antibiotics are mandated for emergency surgery, where true status is unknown. we assessed adherence to local mrsa guidelines for patients undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery and employed point of decision prompts to influence clinicians' behaviour. | 2017 | 28442206 |
| high prevalence of mrsa and esbl among asylum seekers in the netherlands. | migration is one of the risk factors for the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (mdro). the increasing influx of migrants challenges local health care systems. to provide evidence for both hospital hygiene measure and empirical antibiotic therapy, we analysed all cultures performed in asylum seekers between january 1st 2014 and december 31st 2015 for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and for multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre). we compared these with cultures from ... | 2017 | 28441421 |
| erythromycin modification that improves its acidic stability while optimizing it for local drug delivery. | the antibiotic erythromycin has limited efficacy and bioavailability due to its instability and conversion under acidic conditions via an intramolecular dehydration reaction. to improve the stability of erythromycin, several analogs have been developed-such as azithromycin and clarithromycin-which decrease the rate of intramolecular dehydration. we set out to build upon this prior work by developing a conjugate of erythromycin with improved ph stability, bioavailability, and preferential release ... | 2017 | 28441360 |
| hyperbaric oxygen therapy is ineffective as an adjuvant to daptomycin with rifampicin treatment in a murine model of staphylococcus aureus in implant-associated osteomyelitis. | implant-associated infections caused by bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat. surgical intervention is often necessary to cure the patient, as the antibiotic recalcitrance of biofilms renders them untreatable with conventional antibiotics. intermittent hyperbaric oxygen treatment (hbot) has been proposed as an adjuvant to conventional antibiotic treatment and it has been speculated that combining hbot with antibiotics could improve treatment outcomes for biofilm infections. in this study we ... | 2017 | 28441320 |
| catching the evader: can monoclonal antibodies interfere with staphylococcus aureus immune escape? | | 2017 | 28441093 |
| a nonbactericidal zinc-complexing ligand as a biofilm inhibitor: structure-guided contrasting effects on staphylococcus aureus biofilm. | zinc-complexing ligands are prospective anti-biofilm agents because of the pivotal role of zinc in the formation of staphylococcus aureus biofilm. accordingly, the potential of a thiosemicarbazone (compound c1) and a benzothiazole-based ligand (compound c4) in the prevention of s. aureus biofilm formation was assessed. compound c1 displayed a bimodal activity, hindering biofilm formation only at low concentrations and promoting biofilm growth at higher concentrations. in the case of c4, a dose-d ... | 2017 | 28440961 |
| galectin-3 is a target for proteases involved in the virulence of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infection. the bacterium expresses four major proteases that are emerging as virulence factors: aureolysin (aur), v8 protease (sspa), staphopain a (scpa), and staphopain b (sspb). we hypothesized that human galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and antimicrobial defense, is a target for these proteases and that proteolysis of galectin-3 is a novel immune evasion mechanism. indeed, supernatants from ... | 2017 | 28438975 |
| new macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b resistance gene erm(48) on the novel plasmid pjw2311 in staphylococcus xylosus. | whole-genome sequencing of staphylococcus xylosus strain jw2311 from bovine mastitis milk identified the novel 49.3-kb macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin b (mlsb) resistance plasmid pjw2311. it contained the macrolide resistance gene mph(c), the macrolide-streptogramin b resistance gene msr(a), and the new mlsb resistance gene erm(48) and could be transformed into staphylococcus aureus by electroporation. functionality of erm(48) was demonstrated by cloning and expression in s. aureus. | 2017 | 28438941 |
| a tick antivirulence protein potentiates antibiotics against staphylococcus aureus. | new strategies are needed to combat antibiotic resistance, especially against pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus a tick antifreeze glycoprotein, iafgp, possesses potent antibiofilm properties against a variety of clinical pathogens, including s. aureus synergy between iafgp, or a peptide (p1) representative of a repeat region of the protein, with different antibiotics was assessed in vitro antibiotics that synergized with either iafpg or p1 were further evaluated in vi ... | 2017 | 28438938 |
| impact of health care exposure on genotypic antiseptic tolerance in staphylococcus aureus infections in a pediatric population. | staphylococcus aureus possessing either the smr gene or the qaca/b genes is associated with decreased susceptibility to chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) and other antiseptics. previous studies of antiseptic-tolerant staphylococci have focused largely on high-risk populations, and the exact role of health care exposure in the acquisition of these organisms is unclear. we sought to describe the risk factors and features of infection caused by antiseptic-tolerant s. aureus in a general pediatric popul ... | 2017 | 28438928 |
| in-vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant stayphylococcus aureus to honey. | wound infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is becoming much complicated and costly to treat as antimicrobial resistance is quite common. twenty five mrsa strains isolated from infected wounds and three atcc reference strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to locally produced black seed (nigella sativa), beri (ziziphusjujuba) and shain honey (plectranthus rugosus wall) by agar incorporation assay. medically graded manuka honey (umf 21(+)) was included a ... | 2017 | 28438282 |
| infection rate in 1033 elective neurosurgical procedures at a university hospital in south china. | objective infection following surgery is a serious complication, especially in neurosurgery. the aim of the study is to report the change of incidence rates of infection in patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures at a university hospital in south china as well as the risk factors. material and methods the medical records and postoperative courses for patients undergoing 1,033 neurosurgical procedures from 2008 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively to determine the incidence of neur ... | 2017 | 28437812 |
| investigating the antibacterial activity of biphenylthiazoles against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa and vrsa). | phenylthiazoles were reported previously as a new scaffold with antibacterial activity against an array of multidrug-resistant staphylococci. however, their promising antibacterial activity was hampered in large part by their short half-life due to excessive hepatic clearance. close inspection of the structure-activity-relationships (sars) of the phenylthiazoles revealed two important structural features necessary for antibacterial activity (a nitrogenous and a lipophilic component). incorporati ... | 2017 | 28436655 |
| staphylococcus aureus type i signal peptidase: essential or not essential, that's the question. | secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is crucial for the normal physiology and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. type i signal peptidase (spase i) mediates the final step of bacterial secretion, by cleaving proteins at their signal peptide once they are translocated by the sec or twin-arginine (tat) translocon. spase i has long been thought to be essential for viability in multiple bacterial pathogens. challenging this view, we and others have recently created staphylococcus a ... | 2017 | 28435837 |
| utilization of pfge as a powerful discriminative tool for the investigation of genetic diversity among mrsa strains. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a significant challenge to the burn patient. the implementation of proper monitoring programs and prompt identification of epidemic mrsa strains are critical to consequently control and eradicate potential outbreaks. this study aimed to define the genetic relatedness of mrsa strains isolated from burn patients by analyzing the large fragments of dna. | 2017 | 28435821 |
| complications of open tibial fracture management: risk factors and treatment. | open tibial fractures result in high rates of complications. this study aims to elucidate the risk factors causing these complications, and suggest antimicrobial regimens based on the organisms grown in post-operative infections. over a period of five years, 173 patients had sustained open tibial fractures and undergone operative treatment at a single institution. all surgical data was gathered retrospectively through online medical records. thirty-one patients (17.9%) had sustained post-operati ... | 2017 | 28435569 |
| efficacy of silk fibroin-nano silver against staphylococcus aureus biofilms in a rabbit model of sinusitis. | staphylococcus aureus biofilms contribute significantly to the recalcitrant nature of chronic rhinosinusitis. in previous studies, it has been shown that silk fibroin-nano silver solution can eliminate s. aureus biofilms in vitro, which suggests a potential role of this novel agent in the treatment of biofilm-associated diseases, such as sinusitis. | 2017 | 28435269 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis. | this study was conducted to determine the occurrence of methicillin-sensitive and staphylococcus aureus (mssa) methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) from bovine mastitis and to characterize them with respect to antibiotic resistance gene meca. | 2017 | 28435202 |
| can methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus prevalence from dairy cows in india act as potential risk for community-associated infections?: a review. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is classified as hospital associated (ha), community associated (ca), livestock associated (la) and is a global concern. developing countries, like india, are densely populated country challenging for public hygiene practices. ha-mrsa is comfortably recorded in india, and ca-mrsa is also reported as increasing one. ca-mrsa is serious disease which affects the community as endemic. mrsa is one among major mastitis-causing organisms in india as la ... | 2017 | 28435193 |
| molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of the ca-mrsa isolated from healthcare workers, tehran, iran. | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become as a nosocomial pathogen worldwide. considering the importance of mrsa typing for understanding the evolution and dissemination of these strains, we studied the molecular characteristics of mrsa colonized healthcare workers (hcws). | 2017 | 28435108 |
| enhancing targeted antibiotic therapy via ph responsive solid lipid nanoparticles from an acid cleavable lipid. | an acid cleavable lipid (sa-3m) was synthesized and used to develop ph-responsive solid lipid nanoparticles (slns) to deliver vancomycin base (vm-fb) to acidic infection sites. the size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of vm-fb_sa-3m_slns were 132.9±9.1nm, 0.159±0.01 and -26±4.4mv respectively, with 57.80±1.1% encapsulation efficiency. vm-fb release was significantly faster at ph6.5 than ph7.4. in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible and resistant staphylococcus a ... | 2017 | 28434930 |
| relationships among superantigen toxin gene profiles, genotypes, and pathogenic characteristics of staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the major etiological agents of bovine mastitis, harboring a wide variety of staphylococcal superantigen (sag) toxin genes. the sag toxin genes are reported to be closely associated with the pathogenicity of the staph. aureus causing the bovine mastitis. this study was conducted to investigate sag toxin gene profiles and to assess the relationships among sag toxin genes, genotypes of staph. aureus, and their pathogenic properties. a total of 327 quarter milk sampl ... | 2017 | 28434738 |
| poor outcomes of irrigation and debridement in acute periprosthetic joint infection with antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads. | one proposed strategy to increase the success of irrigation and debridement with implant retention for the treatment of acute periprosthetic joint infection (pji) is the use of dissolvable antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate beads to provide a local depot of antibiotics. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of such an approach. | 2017 | 28434697 |
| complete eradication of biofilm from orthopedic materials. | interest exists in finding alternatives to current management strategies in periprosthetic joint infections, which typically include a 2-stage revision with placement of an antibiotic spacer and delayed placement of a new implant. we studied the efficacy of autoclaving, ultrasonication, and mechanical scrubbing for sterilization and biofilm eradication on infected cobalt-chrome discs. | 2017 | 28434696 |
| in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from skin and soft tissue infections to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid and tedizolid. | treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections caused by staphylococcus aureus remains as a clinical challenge due to emergence of new resistance mechanisms. tedizolid is a next-generation oxazolidinone, recently approved for skin and soft tissues infections. we conducted a study to determine in vitro susceptibility to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid and tedizolid in mrsa clinical isolates from adult patients with skin and soft tissue infections. | 2017 | 28432878 |
| risk score for cardiac surgery in active left-sided infective endocarditis. | to develop and validate a calculator to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with active infective endocarditis (ie) undergoing cardiac surgery. | 2017 | 28432158 |
| failure renal aetiology in patients with infective endocarditis. the role of antibiotics. | the possible renal toxicity of certain antibiotics (ab) is well known. the objective of our work is to know the possible effect of ab treatments in the development of renal failure (rf) in patients with infective endocarditis (ie). | 2017 | 28431897 |
| transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to health care worker gowns and gloves during care of residents in veterans affairs nursing homes. | this was an observational study designed to estimate the frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) transmission to gowns and gloves worn by health care workers (hcws) interacting with veterans affairs community living center (va nursing home) residents to inform mrsa prevention policies. | 2017 | 28431853 |
| guideline compliance and clinical outcomes among patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia with infectious diseases consultation in addition to antimicrobial stewardship-directed review. | previous studies have shown infectious diseases consultation (idc) for staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (sab) improves management and outcomes. the influence of idc on outcomes for sab in addition to an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) review for adult inpatients with sab has not been evaluated. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of idc on sab management with concomitant asp review and resulting outcomes. | 2017 | 28431847 |
| implementation of daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms in a critical care unit. | colonized patients are a reservoir for transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros). not many studies have examined the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) bathing under routine care conditions. we present a descriptive analysis of the trends of mdro colonization following implementation of daily chg bathing under routine clinical conditions in an intensive care unit (icu). | 2017 | 28431846 |
| [livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: epidemiological data from an orthopaedic department in north-west germany]. | background mrsa represents a considerable health threat to orthopaedic patients. throughout the last decade, livestock-associated mrsa emerged increasingly in livestock all over europe. la-mrsa broke the species barrier, colonizing and causing infections in humans. nevertheless, to date there are no studies concerning livestock-associated mrsa and orthopaedic patients. therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of la-mrsa in a regional orthopaedic department localized in an area with high ... | 2017 | 28431450 |
| staphylococcus aureus nitric oxide synthase (sanos) modulates aerobic respiratory metabolism and cell physiology. | nitric oxide (no) is generated from arginine and oxygen via no synthase (nos). staphylococcus aureus nos (sanos) has previously been shown to affect virulence and resistance to exogenous oxidative stress, yet the exact mechanism is unknown. herein, a previously undescribed role of sanos in s. aureus aerobic physiology was reported. specifically, aerobic s. aureus nos mutant cultures presented with elevated endogenous reactive oxygen species (ros) and superoxide levels, as well as increased membr ... | 2017 | 28431199 |
| expression, immunogenicity and variation of iron-regulated surface protein a from bovine isolates of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface protein a (isda) is a fibrinogen and fibronectin adhesin that also contributes to iron sequestration and resistance to innate immunity. isda is conserved in human isolates and has been investigated as a human vaccine candidate. here we report the expression of isda, the efficacy of anti-isda responses and the existence of isda sequence variants from bovine staphylococcus. clinical staphylococci were obtained from us dairy farms and assayed by pcr for ... | 2017 | 28430959 |
| total synthesis of (-)-albocycline. | the macrolactone natural product (-)-albocycline is a promising antibiotic candidate for the treatment of both methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant strains. herein we report a concise total synthesis of (-)-albocycline in 14 steps from commercially available methyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate. novel key steps include the highly regio- and stereoselective reactions of chiral n-sulfinyl metallodienamines (nsmds) with aldehydes and the davis oxaziridine, in addition ... | 2017 | 28429505 |
| synthesis and evaluation of thiazolidine amide and n-thiazolyl amide fluoroquinolone derivatives. | in an effort to develop new fluoroquinolones, we synthesized eight compounds and tested them against a panel of bacteria. the design of these compounds was guided by the introduction of the isothiazoloquinolone motif. the three most active compounds in this series, 8-10, demonstrated good antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus and healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic 0.62-6.3 µg/ml). further, when these three active compounds we ... | 2017 | 28429393 |
| molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis and close human contacts in south african dairy herds: genetic diversity and inter-species host transmission. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common etiological agents of contagious bovine mastitis worldwide. the purpose of this study was to genetically characterize a collection of s. aureus isolates (bovine = 146, human = 12) recovered from cases of bovine mastitis and nasal swabs of close human contacts in the dairy environment. isolates were screened for a combination of clinically significant antimicrobial and virulence gene markers whilst the molecular epidemiology of these isolates and po ... | 2017 | 28428772 |
| innate immunity of adipose tissue in rodent models of local and systemic staphylococcus aureus infection. | background. the role of adipose tissue in systemic inflammation during bacterial infection is unclear. effects of staphylococcus aureus infection on adipocytes in rodent models of experimental endocarditis and peritonitis, the impact of s. aureus infection on gene expression in epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and effects of s. aureus infection on the toll-like receptor-2- (tlr2-) cathelicidin pathway in vivo and in vitro were investigated. material and methods. the rat model of cathe ... | 2017 | 28428684 |
| lysibodies are igg fc fusions with lysin binding domains targeting staphylococcus aureus wall carbohydrates for effective phagocytosis. | the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria contains abundant surface-exposed carbohydrate molecules that are highly conserved within and often across species. the potential therapeutic usefulness of high-affinity antibodies to cell wall carbohydrates is unquestioned, however obtaining such antibodies is challenging due to the poor overall immunogenicity of these bacterial targets. autolysins and phage lysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases, enzymes that have evolved over a billion years to degrade bac ... | 2017 | 28428342 |
| blue/violet laser inactivates methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by altering its transmembrane potential. | the resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics presents serious clinical problems that prompted the need for finding alternative or combination therapies. one such therapy is irradiation with blue light. to determine the alterations in metabolic processes implicated in the observed antimicrobial effects of blue light, we investigated the changes in membrane potential and the presence of free-radical-producing photo-acceptor molecules. bacterial cultures irradiated w ... | 2017 | 28426977 |
| bacterial screening of platelet components by national health service blood and transplant, an effective risk reduction measure. | bacterial contamination of blood components remains a major cause of sepsis in transfusion medicine. between 2006 and 2010 in the 5 years before the introduction of bacterial screening of platelet (plt) components by national health service blood and transplant (nhsbt), seven cases of plt component-associated transmission of bacterial infection were recorded for 10 patients, three of which were fatal. | 2017 | 28425610 |
| the emergence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit in kerman, iran. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a global threat to public health. this study is the first report of the emergence of vancomycin-resistant mrsa in kerman, iran. during a period of 15 months, a total of 205 clinical isolates of s. aureus were collected from three university hospitals affiliated with the kerman university of medical science, kerman, iran. screening of methicillin and vancomycin resistance was carried out by phenotypic methods. the resistance and virulence gene ... | 2017 | 28424995 |
| il-20 signaling in activated human neutrophils inhibits neutrophil migration and function. | neutrophils possess multiple antimicrobial mechanisms that are critical for protection of the host against infection with extracellular microbes, such as the bacterial pathogen staphylococcus aureus recruitment and activation of neutrophils at sites of infection are driven by cytokine and chemokine signals that directly target neutrophils via specific cell surface receptors. the il-20 subfamily of cytokines has been reported to act at epithelial sites and contribute to psoriasis, wound healing, ... | 2017 | 28424238 |
| evaluation of serotypes 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides in protection against staphylococcus aureus in murine models of infection. | staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections, including soft tissue and skin infections and bacteremia. however, efforts to develop an effective vaccine against s. aureus infections have not been successful. we evaluated serotypes 5 and 8 capsule polysaccharides (cp) crm197 conjugates as vaccine candidates in murine models of bacteremia, lethal sepsis, and skin infection. the conjugate vaccines elicited a good antibody response, and active immunizati ... | 2017 | 28422567 |
| rifamorpholines a-e, potential antibiotics from locust-associated actinobacteria amycolatopsis sp. hca4. | cultivation of locust associated rare actinobacteria, amycolatopsis sp. hca4, has provided five unusual macrolactams rifamorpholines a-e. their structures were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic and crystallographic data. rifamorpholines a-e possess an unprecedented 5/6/6/6 ring chromophore, representing a new subclass of rifamycin antibiotics. the biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1-5 involves a key 1,6-cyclization for the formation of the morpholine ring. compounds 2 and 4 showed p ... | 2017 | 28422262 |
| empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in australian and new zealand neonatal intensive care units. | neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and requires prompt empiric treatment. however, only a minority of babies who receive antibiotics for suspected sepsis have an infection. antimicrobial exposure in infancy has important short- and long-term consequences. there is no consensus regarding empirical antimicrobial regimens. | 2017 | 28421643 |
| horses in denmark are a reservoir of diverse clones of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcus aureus. | denmark is a country with high prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clonal complex (cc) 398 in pigs. even though pig farming is regarded as the main source of human infection or colonization with mrsa cc398, 10-15% of the human cases appear not to be linked to pigs. following the recent reports of mrsa cc398 in horses in other european countries and the lack of knowledge on s. aureus carriage in this animal species, we carried out a study to inves ... | 2017 | 28421046 |
| leukocidins: staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins find their receptors. | staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen that causes disease worldwide. the emergence of strains that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and the failure of vaccine development have resulted in a renewed interest in the pathophysiology of this bacterium. staphylococcal leukocidins are a family of bi-component pore-forming toxins that are important virulence factors. during the past five years, cellular receptors have been identified for all of the bi-component leukocidins. the ... | 2017 | 28420883 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal colonisation amongst healthcare workers in kurdistan region, iraq. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) among healthcare workers (hcws) compared with non-hcws at duhok city, kurdistan region, northern iraq. | 2017 | 28419870 |
| the nitroxyl donor angeli's salt ameliorates staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis in mice. | septic arthritis is a severe and rapidly debilitating disease associated with severe joint pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. nitroxyl (hno) has become a nitrogen oxide of significant interest due to its pharmacological endpoints that are potentially favorable for treating varied diseases. however, whether hno also serves as a treatment to septic arthritis is currently unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hno donor, angeli's salt (as), in the outcome of chron ... | 2017 | 28419865 |
| antibiotic resistance in staphylococcus aureus. current status and future prospects. | the major targets for antibiotics in staphylococci are (i) the cell envelope, (ii) the ribosome and (iii) nucleic acids. several novel targets emerged from recent targeted drug discovery programmes including the clpp protease and ftsz from the cell division machinery. resistance can either develop by horizontal transfer of resistance determinants encoded by mobile genetic elements viz plasmids, transposons and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome or by mutations in chromosomal genes. horizonta ... | 2017 | 28419231 |
| genomic characterization of usa300 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) to evaluate intraclass transmission and recurrence of skin and soft tissue infection (ssti) among high-risk military trainees. | military trainees are at increased risk for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) skin and soft tissue infection (ssti). whole genome sequencing (wgs) can refine our understanding of mrsa transmission and microevolution in congregate settings. | 2017 | 28419202 |
| oral-only linezolid-rifampin is highly effective compared with other antibiotics for periprosthetic joint infection: study of a mouse model. | the medical treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (pji) involves prolonged systemic antibiotic courses, often with suboptimal clinical outcomes including increased morbidity and health-care costs. oral and intravenous monotherapies and combination antibiotic regimens were evaluated in a mouse model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) pji. | 2017 | 28419033 |
| an unanticipated complication of atopic dermatitis. | an infant with a history of atopic dermatitis presented to the emergency department on 5 occasions with flulike symptoms. eventually, this child presented with signs of infection and increased intracranial pressure: fever, bulging anterior fontanel, and leukocytosis. a computed tomography scan identified a large frontal lobe brain abscess. the abscess was surgically drained; culture was positive for staphylococcus aureus. the initial source of the infected brain abscess was explored. ultimately, ... | 2017 | 28419015 |
| microbial diversity in milk of women with mastitis: potential role of coagulase-negative staphylococci, viridans group streptococci, and corynebacteria. | lactational mastitis constitutes a significant cause of premature weaning. however, its etiology, linked to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, has been scarcely reported. research aim: the aim of this study was to describe the microbial diversity in milk samples from women suffering from lactational mastitis and to identify more accurately a collection of isolates belonging to coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci, and coryneform bacteria. | 2017 | 28418794 |
| severe mrsa enterocolitis caused by a strain harboring enterotoxins d, g, and i. | we describe a case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) enterocolitis in a healthy adult with previous antibiotic exposure. colonoscopy revealed diffuse colitis and mild ileitis without ulceration. stool cultures demonstrated abundant growth of mrsa and absent normal flora. oral vancomycin treatment was effective and seems to be the consensus choice for therapy. | 2017 | 28418301 |
| intractable methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus otorrhea with silicone impression in the middle ear. | we report a case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) otorrhea with impression material of hearing aid in the middle ear. the patient had chronic otitis media in the right ear with sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. the silicone flowed into the middle ear through a tympanic membrane perforation during the process of making an ear mold. several days after hearing aid fitting, the patient had severe otalgia, intractable otorrhea, aggravated hearing loss, and dizziness. the p ... | 2017 | 28417109 |
| burden and predictors of staphylococcus aureus and s. pseudintermedius infections among dogs presented at an academic veterinary hospital in south africa (2007-2012). | staphylococci are commensals of the mucosal surface and skin of humans and animals, but have been implicated in infections such as otitis externa, pyoderma, urinary tract infections and post-surgical complications. laboratory records provide useful information to help investigate these infections. therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the burdens of these infections and use multinomial regression to examine the associations between various staphylococcus infections and demogr ... | 2017 | 28417060 |
| predictive factors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in elderly patients with community-onset pneumonia. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection is a severe and life-threatening disease in patients with community-onset (co) pneumonia. however, the current guidelines lack specificity for a screening test for mrsa infection. | 2017 | 28416961 |
| [clinical characteristics and prognosis of cultured negative pyogenic spondylitis]. | there are limited data describing the clinical characteristics and prognosis of culture negative pyogenic spondylitis. the aim of this study was to investigate the treatment, prognosis and clinical characteristics of culture negative pyogenic spondylitis. | 2017 | 28416829 |
| comparative pharmacodynamics of telavancin and vancomycin in the neutropenic murine thigh and lung infection models against staphylococcus aureus. | the pharmacodynamics of telavancin and vancomycin were compared using neutropenic murine thigh and lung infection models. four staphylococcus aureus strains were included. the telavancin mic ranged from 0.06 to 0.25 mg/liter, and the vancomycin mic ranged from 1 to 4 mg/liter. the plasma pharmacokinetics of escalating doses (1.25, 5, 20, and 80 mg/kg of body weight) of telavancin and vancomycin were linear over the dose range. epithelial lining fluid (elf) pharmacokinetics for each drug revealed ... | 2017 | 28416551 |
| ai-2 quorum sensing negatively regulates rbf expression and biofilm formation in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that is capable of forming biofilms on biomaterial surfaces to cause biofilm-associated infections. autoinducer 2 (ai-2), a universal language for interspecies communication, is involved in a variety of physiological activities, although its exact role in gram-positive bacteria, especially in s. aureus, is not yet thoroughly characterized. herein we demonstrate that inactivation of luxs, which encodes ai-2 synthase, resulted in increased biofilm for ... | 2017 | 28416278 |
| luteolin reduces inflammation in staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting nf-kb activation and mmps expression. | mastitis is a serious and prevalent disease caused by infection by pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus. we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of luteolin, a natural flavonoid with a wide range of pharmacological activities, in a mouse model of s. aureus mastitis. we also treated cultured mouse mammary epithelial cells (mmecs) with s. aureus and luteolin. histopathological changes were examined by h&e staining and the levels of inflammatory cytokine proteins were analyzed u ... | 2017 | 28415707 |
| antimicrobial property, cytocompatibility and corrosion resistance of zn-doped zro2/tio2 coatings on ti6al4v implants. | zn-doped zro2/tio2 porous coatings (zn-zro2/tio2) were prepared on the surface of titanium alloy (ti6al4v) by a hybrid approach of magnetron sputtering and micro-arc oxidation (mao). the microstructures, phase constituents and elemental states of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscope (sem) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds), x-ray diffraction (xrd), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps). the results demonstrate that the zn-zro2/tio2 coatings are porou ... | 2017 | 28415518 |
| the bactericidal mechanism of action against staphylococcus aureus for ago nanoparticles. | to identify the mechanistic effects of ago nanoparticles on gram-positive bacteria, s. aureus cells suspended in phosphate buffer solution (pbs) and deionized water were separately treated using ago nanoparticles at different concentrations. the phase composition changes of the bactericide after killing s. aureus and the cellular responses of s. aureus to ago were characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microsco ... | 2017 | 28415506 |
| role of silver/zinc oxide in affecting de-adhesion strength of staphylococcus aureus on polymer biocomposites. | a single-cell force spectroscopy is utilized to characterize the dynamics of the transient interaction (0-10s) between alive staphylococcus aureus and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (uhmwpe). adhesion force of bacteria upon addition of antibacterial additives (i.e. silver (ag) nanoparticles and zinc oxide (zno) micro-rods) has been evaluated. addition of ag and zno reduces the colony forming units (cfus) from 93±7 (uhmwpe) to 23±5 (u+3wt.% ag+3wt.% zno) on 10×10mm(2) area of sample sur ... | 2017 | 28415396 |
| antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities of srtio3 nanotubes embedded with ag2o nanoparticles. | biomedical titanium (ti) implants with good anti-infective, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties are in great demand. srtio3 nanotubes (nts) are embedded with silver oxide (ag2o) nanoparticles (nps) (denoted as nt-sr-ag) by a hydrothermal treatment of tio2 nts containing ag2o nps (denoted as nt-ag) in a sr(oh)2 solution. the morphology, composition, microstructure, ion release phenomenon, as well as antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities are investigated in details. during the hyd ... | 2017 | 28415389 |
| the model for end-stage liver disease (meld) as a predictor of short-term mortality in staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: a single-centre observational study. | automated laboratory-based prediction models may support clinical decisions in staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (bsis), which carry a particularly high mortality. small studies indicated that the laboratory-based model for end-stage liver disease (meld) score is a risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients with infections. for s. aureus bsis, we therefore aimed to assess a potential association of the meld score with mortality. | 2017 | 28414786 |
| a rare case of tropical pyomysitis acquired on vacation in a healthy male. | pyomyositis has traditionally been considered a tropical disease. increasing prevalence has been observed in more northern climates, especially with hiv, immunosuppression, and iv drug abuse as predisposing factors. pyomyositis has the tendency to mimic other conditions, such as muscle contusion, necrotizing fasciitis, or septic arthritis. the rarity of this disease and non-specificity of its symptoms often lead to delay in appropriate diagnosis and treatment. | 2017 | 28414677 |
| evaluation and application of molecular genotyping on nosocomial pathogen-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates in guangzhou representative of southern china. | staphylococcus aureus is recognized as a typical food-born pathogen in food safety, and its rapid detection and typing methods are in desperate need. to study their evolution characteristics and drug resistance condition, staphylococci isolates were subject to the investigation. strain identification were subjected to standard procedures (colony morphology, gram staining, vitek 2 automated system and the api commercial kit), and fingerprinting was then performed with rapd-pcr amplification. in t ... | 2017 | 28414166 |
| the mechanism of human β-defensin 3 in mrsa-induced infection of implant drug-resistant bacteria biofilm in the mouse tibial bone marrow. | the mechanism of human β-defensin 3 (hbd-3) in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa-induced infection of implant drug-resistant bacteria biofilm in the mouse tibial bone marrow was studied. healthy adult male sprague-dawley rats with average weight of 230 g were selected to construct the infection model of mrsa-induced implant drug-resistant bacteria biofilm in the mouse left tibial bone marrow. the drugs were intraperitoneally injected after 24 h medullary cavity infection, and the ... | 2017 | 28413476 |
| rate of contamination of hospital privacy curtains on a burns and plastic surgery ward: a cross-sectional study. | surfaces in the patient environment may play a role in microbial transmission if they become colonized by bacteria. patient privacy curtains are one such surface that may pose a high risk for transmission because they are high-contact surfaces, are infrequently cleaned, and healthcare workers are less likely to wash their hands after contacting inanimate objects such as curtains. | 2017 | 28413115 |
| [antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy carrier individuals in primary care in barcelona area]. | the information available on antibiotic resistance patterns are generally based on specimens from hospitalised individuals. this study was aimed at evaluating the antibiotic resistance rate of nasal carriage strains of staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy individuals, in accordance with age and gender, attended in primary care centres (pcc). | 2017 | 28413102 |
| does a quality improvement campaign accelerate take-up of new evidence? a ten-state cluster-randomized controlled trial of the institute for health improvement's project joints. | a decade ago, the institute for healthcare improvement pioneered a quality improvement (qi) campaign, leveraging organizational and personal social networks to disseminate new practices. there have been few rigorous studies of the qi campaign approach. | 2017 | 28412954 |
| a facile, rapid and sensitive detection of mrsa using a crispr-mediated dna fish method, antibody-like dcas9/sgrna complex. | rapid and reliable diagnosis of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is crucial for guiding effective patient treatment and preventing the spread of mrsa infections. nonetheless, further simplification of mrsa detection procedures to shorten detection time and reduce labor relative to that of conventional methods remains a challenge. here, we have demonstrated a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (crispr)-mediated dna-fish method for the simple, rapid and highly se ... | 2017 | 28412663 |
| first report on mrsa cc398 recovered from wild boars in the north of portugal. are we facing a problem? | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the resistance of staphylococcus aureus recovered from wild boars, to analyze their genetic lineages, and to investigate the susceptibility to oxacillin. samples from mouth and nose of 45 wild boars (sus scrofa) were collected during hunt activity from november 2012 to january 2013 in the north of portugal. s. aureus isolates were recovered from 30 of these samples (33%); one isolate/sample was further studied. the susceptibility of the isolates was t ... | 2017 | 28412568 |
| universal screening and decolonization for control of mrsa in nursing homes: follow-up of a cluster randomized controlled trial. | in 2010-11, a trial conducted in nursing homes showed no benefit of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) universal screening and decolonization over standard precautions to reduce the prevalence of mrsa carriage. accordingly, no routine screening was performed from 2012. a five-year follow-up shows no new evidence supporting the intervention. recommendations issued after trial (no screening and decolonization of mrsa residents) were retained. | 2017 | 28412178 |