| successful management of above knee amputation with combined and modified nerve blocks. | we report a successful management of a case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus positive right lower limb cellulitis for above knee amputation under combined nerve blocks. the ongoing sepsis, thrombocytopenia, and severe respiratory infection with wheeze made us avoid both neuraxial block and general anesthesia and plan for a nerve block. we instituted a modified high inguinal femoral block along with sciatic and lateral femoral nerve blocks separately to successfully conduct the case ... | 2017 | 28663654 |
| national healthcare safety network (nhsn) dialysis event surveillance report for 2014. | persons receiving outpatient hemodialysis are at risk for bloodstream and vascular access infections. the centers for disease control and prevention conducts surveillance for these infections through the national healthcare safety network. we summarize 2014 data submitted to national healthcare safety network dialysis event surveillance. | 2017 | 28663227 |
| the influence of experimental conditions on the final result of photoinhibition of staphylococcus aureus. | by and large, phototherapies are a promising approach to promote inactivation of microorganisms using light exposure, providing an effective alternative to control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. considering this, intercomparison between experiments is vitally important. most experiments are performed using multiwell plates in which the volume of the culture medium is not standardized. in such cases, light attenuation and the distance it travels, which also depends on the volume and ve ... | 2017 | 28662923 |
| panton-valentine leukocidin-producing staphylococcus aureus infection of the neck that mimicked disseminated malignancy. | | 2017 | 28662921 |
| a discrete event simulation model of patient flow in a general hospital incorporating infection control policy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre). | hospitalized patients are assigned to available staffed beds based on patient acuity and services required. in hospitals with double-occupancy rooms, patients must be additionally matched by gender. patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) must be bedded in single-occupancy rooms or cohorted with other patients with similar mrsa/vre flags. | 2017 | 28662601 |
| prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from equine nasopharyngeal and guttural pouch wash samples. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is recognized as a cause of nosocomial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. studies that examine the nasopharynx and guttural pouches of the horse as carriage sites for mrsa have not been reported. | 2017 | 28661019 |
| the immunomodulatory effect of trichophyton rubrum exoantigens in the treatment of experimental septic arthritis. | understanding the nature and function of fungal exoantigens might lead to novel approaches in the treatment and prophylaxis of some infectious diseases. septic arthritis represents a serious problem for medicine due to the high incidence rate and severe complications. | 2017 | 28659996 |
| pterostilbene, a methoxylated resveratrol derivative, efficiently eradicates planktonic, biofilm, and intracellular mrsa by topical application. | pterostilbene is a methoxylated derivative of resveratrol originated from natural sources. we investigated the antibacterial activity of pterostilbene against drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and the feasibility of using it to treat cutaneous bacteria. the antimicrobial effect was evaluated using an in vitro culture model and an in vivo mouse model of cutaneous infection. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) assay demonstrated a superior biocidal activity of pterostilbene compared to r ... | 2017 | 28659908 |
| rapid phenotypic detection of microbial resistance in gram-positive bacteria by a real-time laser scattering method. | we developed a methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) based on the bacterioscan(tm)216r laser scattering technology, using methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistance in enterococci as exemplar for important resistance phenotypes. fifty methicillin-resistant (mrsa) and 50 methicillin-susceptible (mssa) s. aureus, as well as 50 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and 50 vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (vse) isolates were used for the study. ... | 2017 | 28659889 |
| nutritional strategies and gut microbiota composition as risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in very-preterm infants. | background: the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) remains poorly understood.objective: we assessed the relation between feeding strategies, intestinal microbiota composition, and the development of nec.design: we performed a prospective nationwide population-based study, epipage 2 (etude epidémiologique sur les petits ages gestationnels), including preterm infants born at <32 wk of gestation in france in 2011. from individual characteristics observed during the first week of lif ... | 2017 | 28659297 |
| a placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for smaller skin abscesses. | uncomplicated skin abscesses are common, yet the appropriate management of the condition in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is unclear. | 2017 | 28657870 |
| hematologic complications in a patient with glycine soja polyagglutination following fresh frozen plasma transfusion. | polyagglutination is a rare and underdiagnosed condition, characterized by agglutination of red blood cells(rbcs) with almost all abo-compatible adult sera. polyagglutination can occur when a cryptantigen is exposed on rbcs via microbial enzyme activity. becausenearly all adults naturally produce antibodies against cryptantigens, transfusion of plasma can cause unexpected hemolysis and hematologic complications, such as thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, in patients who ... | 2017 | 28657762 |
| epidermal growth factor receptor signaling enhances the proinflammatory effects of staphylococcus aureus gamma-toxin on the mucosa. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) produces many different exotoxins including the gamma-toxins, hlgab and hlgcb. gamma-toxins form pores in both leukocyte and erythrocyte membranes, resulting in cell lysis. the genes encoding gamma-toxins are present in most strains of s. aureus, and are commonly expressed in clinical isolates recovered from menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mtss) patients. this study set out to investigate the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of gamma-toxins on vaginal epith ... | 2017 | 28657583 |
| mapping quorum sensing onto neural networks to understand collective decision making in heterogeneous microbial communities. | microbial communities frequently communicate via quorum sensing (qs), where cells produce, secrete, and respond to a threshold level of an autoinducer (ai) molecule, thereby modulating gene expression. however, the biology of qs remains incompletely understood in heterogeneous communities, where variant bacterial strains possess distinct qs systems that produce chemically unique ais. ai molecules bind to 'cognate' receptors, but also to 'non-cognate' receptors found in other strains, resulting i ... | 2017 | 28656904 |
| a network model of hand hygiene: how good is good enough to stop the spread of mrsa? | background simulation models have been used to investigate the impact of hand hygiene on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) transmission within the healthcare setting, but they have been limited by their ability to accurately model complex patient-provider interactions. methods using a network-based modeling approach, we created a simulated neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) representing the potential for per-hour infant-infant mrsa transmission via the healthcare worker resulti ... | 2017 | 28656884 |
| parenteral irons versus transfused red blood cells for treatment of anemia during canine experimental bacterial pneumonia. | no studies have been performed comparing intravenous (iv) iron with transfused red blood cells (rbcs) for treating anemia during infection. in a previous report, transfused older rbcs increased free iron release and mortality in infected animals when compared to fresher cells. we hypothesized that treating anemia during infection with transfused fresh rbcs, with minimal free iron release, would prove superior to iv iron therapy. | 2017 | 28656646 |
| heparin mimics extracellular dna in binding to cell surface-localized proteins and promoting staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. | staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections. biofilms form on these implants and are held together by a matrix composed of proteins, polysaccharides, and extracellular dna (edna). heparin is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is routinely used in central venous catheters to prevent thrombosis, but it has been shown to stimulate s. aureus biofilm formation through an unknown mechanism. data presented here reveal that heparin enhances biofilm capacity in many ... | 2017 | 28656173 |
| sulfide homeostasis and nitroxyl intersect via formation of reactive sulfur species in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a commensal human pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. as gaseous signaling molecules, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (h2s) and nitric oxide (no·) protect s. aureus from antibiotic stress synergistically, which we propose involves the intermediacy of nitroxyl (hno). here, we examine the effect of exogenous sulfide and hno on the transcriptome and the formation of low-molecular-weight (lmw) thiol persulfides of bacillithiol, cysteine, and coenzyme a as repres ... | 2017 | 28656172 |
| vancomycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus
. | the evolution of staphylococcus aureus during the modern antibiotic era has been delineated by distinct strain emergence events, many of which include acquisition of antibiotic resistance. the relative high burden of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in healthcare and community settings is a major concern worldwide. vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits cell wall biosynthesis, remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe mrsa infections. s. aureus strains exhibiting increa ... | 2017 | 28656013 |
| emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in west africa : contributing factors and threat assessment. | the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance present a major public health issue in both developed (dc) and less developed countries (ldc). worldwide, its main cause is the uncontrolled and unjustified use of antibiotics. in countries with limited resources, such as west african nations, other features, more specifically socioeconomic and behavioral factors, contribute to exacerbate this problem. the objective of this review is to give an update of the common and specific factors involved i ... | 2017 | 28655675 |
| genetic diversity of pvl-positive community-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated at a university hospital in japan. | community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) is pathogenic to healthy individuals and a significant issue throughout the world. panton-valentine leukocidin gene (pvl)-positive sequence type (st) 8-staphylococcal cassette chromosome (scc) mec type iv (st8-iv) as represented by the usa300 clone, is the most prevalent ca-mrsa in many countries. however, the prevalence of pvl-positive ca-mrsa was limited in japan. here, we report the incidence of pvl-positive community-on ... | 2017 | 28655502 |
| keratinocytes as sensors and central players in the immune defense against staphylococcus aureus in the skin. | healthy human skin provides an effective mechanical as well as immunologic barrier against pathogenic microorganisms with keratinocytes as the main cell type in the epidermis actively participating and orchestrating the innate immune response of the skin. as constituent of the outermost layer encountering potential pathogens they have to sense signals from the environment and must be able to initiate a differential immune response to harmless commensals and harmful pathogens. staphylococci are a ... | 2017 | 28655473 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 4″-o-(1-aralkyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-methyl-carbamoyl) azithromycin analogs. | three novel structural series of 4″-o-(1-aralkyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-methyl-carbamoyl) azithromycin analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. all the target compounds exhibited excellent activity against erythromycin-susceptible streptococcus pyogenes, and significantly improved activity against three phenotypes of erythromycin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae compared with clarithromycin and azithromycin. among the three series of azithromycin ana ... | 2017 | 28655423 |
| evaluation of factors associated with the achievement of an optimal teicoplanin trough concentration
. | because teicoplanin has a long serum half-life, a longer period of time is needed to achieve a steady-state concentration compared with vancomycin. the administration of an initial loading dose has been recommended to reach an effective teicoplanin serum concentration for the treatment of methicillin-resistant <italic>staphylococcus aureus</italic> (mrsa). however, little is known regarding factors that affect teicoplanin concentration. this study aimed to retrospectively determine which factors ... | 2017 | 28655381 |
| growth-dependent activity of the cold shock cspa promoter + 5' utr and production of the protein cspa in staphylococcus aureus newman. | research involving the cold shock gene cspa of the medically important bacterium staphylococcus aureus is steadily increasing as the relationships between the activity of this gene at 37 °c and a spectrum of virulence factors (e.g., biofilm formation, capsule production) as well as stress-related genes (e.g., alkaline shock protein, asp-23 and the alternative sigma factor, sigb) are distinguished. fundamental to each of these discoveries is defining the regulation of cspa and the production of i ... | 2017 | 28655334 |
| assessment of staphylococcus aureus along milk value chain and its public health importance in sebeta, central oromia, ethiopia. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis acquired from contaminated foods such as milk and milk products. however, such information is limited in ethiopia. a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the contamination of milk with s. aureus and knowledge, attitudes and practices (kap) of actors along the milk value chain in sebeta, central oromia, ethiopia. a total of 291 samples collected from dairy farms, milk collection centers (mccs) and processing plant were ... | 2017 | 28655298 |
| specific and selective probes for staphylococcus aureus from phage-displayed random peptide libraries. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing health care-associated and community-associated infections. early diagnosis is essential to prevent disease progression and to reduce complications that can be serious. in this study, we selected, from a 9-mer phage peptide library, a phage clone displaying peptide capable of specific binding to s. aureus cell surface, namely st.au9ivs5 (sequence peptide rvrsapsss).the ability of the isolated phage clone to interact specifically with s. aur ... | 2017 | 28654884 |
| estimating the disease burden of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in japan: retrospective database study of japanese hospitals. | the nationwide impact of antimicrobial-resistant infections on healthcare facilities throughout japan has yet to be examined. this study aimed to estimate the disease burden of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections in japanese hospitals. | 2017 | 28654675 |
| a bright future for antibiotics? | multidrug resistance is a global threat as the clinically available potent antibiotic drugs are becoming exceedingly scarce. for example, increasing drug resistance among gram-positive bacteria is responsible for approximately one-third of nosocomial infections. as ribosomes are a major target for these drugs, they may serve as suitable objects for novel development of next-generation antibiotics. three-dimensional structures of ribosomal particles from staphylococcus aureus obtained by x-ray cr ... | 2017 | 28654325 |
| impact of bovine and human serum albumin on curcumin in vitro activity against staphylococcus aureus. | this study evaluated the impact of ph (7.4 and 6.5), bovine serum albumin (bsa), and human serum albumin (hsa) on curcumin activity against 2 reference, 1 clinical, and 10 environmental strains of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of curcumin against s. aureus were statistically indifferent (p>0.05) at ph7.4 and ph6.5. activity of curcumin against s. aureus was reduced by two folds in the presence of 1.25-5% bsa/hsa. | 2017 | 28653935 |
| residual risk of bacterial contamination of platelets: six years of experience with sterility testing. | canadian blood services screens 100% of platelet concentrates (pcs) for bacterial contamination with the bact/alert system. quality-control sterility testing of 1% (≥10 units) of outdated pcs is performed monthly. data from routine screening, quality-control testing, and septic reactions obtained from 2010 to 2016 are presented herein. | 2017 | 28653472 |
| identification of set11 from staphylococcus aureus mu50 strain as a ortholog of ssl7 via bioinformatic analysis and determination of its possible targets from human serum using cnbr-pull down assays. | to identify and characterize staphylococcus exotoxin-like (set) protein set11 from staphylococcus aureus mu50 strain and its possible targets proteins from human blood/serum. | 2017 | 28653102 |
| efficacy of antibiotic treatment of implant-associated staphylococcus aureus infections with moxifloxacin, flucloxacillin, rifampin, and combination therapy: an animal study. | the efficacy of antibiotic monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of implant-associated infection by staphylococcus aureus was evaluated in an animal study. the femoral medullary cavity of 66 male wistar rats was contaminated with s. aureus (atcc 29213) and a metal device was implanted, of which 61 could be evaluated. six treatment groups were studied: flucloxacillin, flucloxacillin in combination with rifampin, moxifloxacin, moxifloxacin in combination with rifampin, rifampin, and ... | 2017 | 28652709 |
| advances in atopic dermatitis and urticarial in 2016. | this review highlights recent key advances in the pathology and therapies of inflammatory skin diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis (ad) and chronic spontaneous urticaria (csu). regarding ad, transcriptomic analysis with human samples revealed different immune profiles between childhood and adult ad. phase iii clinical trials of dupilumab, an anti-il-4 receptor α antibody, in the treatment of ad have successfully finished, and dupilumab will appear in clinical practice as the first biologic f ... | 2017 | 28652155 |
| septic arthritis following arthroscopic reconstruction of cruciate ligaments of the knee: retrospective case review. | rupture of cruciate ligaments of the knee is a common injury that is repaired by arthroscopic reconstruction, which can give rise to septic arthritis. the objective of this article is to describe the clinical and microbiological aspects of this entity. | 2017 | 28651785 |
| healthy bovines as reservoirs of major pathogenic lineages of staphylococcus aureus in portugal. | the nosocomial prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in portugal is close to 50% and remains one of the highest in europe. mrsa reservoirs in the animal setting in portugal have been very poorly investigated, namely among animal husbandry. a total of 52 samples (nasal, inguinal region, and milk) were obtained from bovine animals and analyzed for the presence of s. aureus. the isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), spa typing, sccmec typ ... | 2017 | 28650693 |
| syntheses of potent teixobactin analogues against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) through the replacement of l-allo-enduracididine with its isosteres. | the recently discovered cyclic depsipeptide, teixobactin, is a highly potent antibiotic against multi-drug resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and mycobaterium tuberculosis. it comprises of 4 d amino acids and a rare l-allo-enduracididine amino acid. the synthesis of a properly protected l-allo-enduracididine amino acid and its incorporation into teixobactin is time consuming, synthetically challenging and low yielding and is therefore a major bottlenec ... | 2017 | 28650495 |
| antibacterial activity of penicillins alone and in combination with different agents against staphylococcus aureus. | difficulties in the treatment of the resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus, which is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections in paediatric patients, has prompted this research to empower the usage of various combinations of penicillin. during the study period 17,452 clinical samples were processed for culture. the positive cultures yielded 564 strains of s. aureus. out of these, 362 (64.2%) isolates were found to be methicillin sensitive s. aureus (mssa) and 202 (35.8%) methicillin resist ... | 2017 | 28649062 |
| evaluation of vancomycin mic creep in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections-a systematic review and meta-analysis. | vancomycin is currently the primary option treatment for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). however, an increasing number of mrsa isolates with high mics, within the susceptible range (vancomycin mic creep), are being reported worldwide. resorting to a meta-analysis approach, this study aims to assess the evidence of vancomycin mic creep. | 2017 | 28648858 |
| the influence of mild acidity on lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis and lipid membrane physico-chemical properties in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the increased biosynthesis of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol in staphylococcus aureus when cultured under conditions of mild acidity and the resultant increased proportion of this lipid in the plasma membrane of the bacterium, alters the physico-chemical properties of lipid bilayers in a manner which is itself dependent upon environmental ph. clinically relevant strains of s. aureus, both methicillin susceptible and resistant, all exhibited increased lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis in respon ... | 2017 | 28648851 |
| pulmonary delivery of synergistic combination of fluoroquinolone antibiotic complemented with proteolytic enzyme: a novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm strategy. | bacterial resistance remains a major hindrance in treatment with antimicrobial agents. therefore, we assessed the improved antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of levofloxacin (lfx) and serratiopeptidase (srp) combinations in in vitro microbiological studies. further, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies of liposomal lfx in combination with srp (lfx liposome-srp) were performed in s. aureus infected rats. lfx at sub-mic with srp eradicated >90% of the preformed biofilm. the entrapment e ... | 2017 | 28648640 |
| [effects of combined application of culture supernatant of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and ciprofloxacin on staphylococcus aureus in vitro]. | objective: to explore the effects of combined application of culture supernatant of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucmscs) and ciprofloxacin on staphylococcus aureus (sa) in vitro. methods: hucmscs were isolated from umbilical cord tissue of full-term healthy fetus after cesarean section and cultured. cells in the third passage were used in the experiments after identification. sa strains isolated from wounds of burn patients in our burn wards were used in the experiments. cells w ... | 2017 | 28648039 |
| a new model for biofilm formation and inflammatory tissue reaction: intraoperative infection of a cranial implant with staphylococcus aureus in rats. | implant failure is a severe and frequent adverse event in all areas of neurosurgery. it often involves infection with biofilm formation, accompanied by inflammation of surrounding tissue, including the brain, and bone loss. the most common bacteria involved are staphylococcus aureus. we here test whether intraoperative infection of intracranial screws with staphylococcus aureus would lead to biofilm formation and inflammatory tissue reaction in rats. | 2017 | 28647798 |
| self-disinfecting surfaces and activity against staphyloccocus aureus atcc 6538 under real-life conditions. | environmental surface contamination provides a potential reservoir for pathogens to cause infections. as such, self-disinfecting surfaces have been developed to possibly reduce exogenous transmission. five different self-disinfecting surfaces were evaluated for activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538 under real-life conditions using the dry inoculation method. various antimicrobial effects were detected. however, following disinfection with alcoholic wipes, these effects disappeared. fu ... | 2017 | 28647424 |
| toxic shock syndrome - the seven rs of management and treatment. | staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (tss) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. there has been considerable progress in understanding the pathophysiology and delineating optimal management and treatment. this article reviews the management of tss, outlining the 'seven rs of managing and treating tss': recognition, resuscitation, removal of source of infection, rational choice of antibiotics, role of adjunctive treatment (clindamycin and intravenous immunoglob ... | 2017 | 28646955 |
| generalized herd effects and vaccine evaluation: impact of live influenza vaccine on off-target bacterial colonisation. | interactions between pathogens and commensal microbes are major contributors to health and disease. infectious diseases however are most often considered independent, viewed within a one-host one-pathogen paradigm and, by extension, the interventions used to treat and prevent them are measured and evaluated within this same paradigm. vaccines, especially live vaccines, by stimulating immune responses or directly interacting with other microbes can alter the environment in which they act, with ef ... | 2017 | 28646948 |
| photodynamic therapy controls of staphylococcus aureus intradermal infection in mice. | infections caused by staphylococcus aureus lead to skin infections, as well as soft tissues and bone infections. given the communal resistance to antibiotics developed by strains of this bacterium, photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative treatment to control and cure infections. females of the balb/c mice were infected with 10(8) cfu of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and divided into four distinct groups: p-l- (negative control group), p+l- (group exposed only to curcumin ... | 2017 | 28646389 |
| crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing via postnatal administration of aav vector cures haemophilia b mice. | haemophilia b, a congenital haemorrhagic disease caused by mutations in coagulation factor ix gene (f9), is considered an appropriate target for genome editing technology. here, we describe treatment strategies for haemophilia b mice using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/cas9 system. administration of adeno-associated virus (aav) 8 vector harbouring staphylococcus aureus cas9 (sacas9) and single guide rna (sgrna) to wild-type adult mice induced a double-stra ... | 2017 | 28646206 |
| structures and dynamics of hibernating ribosomes from staphylococcus aureus mediated by intermolecular interactions of hpf. | in bacteria, ribosomal hibernation shuts down translation as a response to stress, through reversible binding of stress-induced proteins to ribosomes. this process typically involves the formation of 100s ribosome dimers. here, we present the structures of hibernating ribosomes from human pathogen staphylococcus aureus containing a long variant of the hibernation-promoting factor (sahpf) that we solved using cryo-electron microscopy. our reconstructions reveal that the n-terminal domain (ntd) of ... | 2017 | 28645916 |
| the first nationwide surveillance of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections in dermatology departments in japan. | to investigate the trends of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections (ssti) at dermatology departments in japan, a japanese surveillance committee conducted the first nationwide survey in 2013. three main organisms were collected from ssti at 30 dermatology departments in medical centers and 10 dermatology clinics. a total of 860 strains - 579 of staphylococcus aureus, 240 of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 41 of streptococcus pyogenes - were col ... | 2017 | 28645883 |
| the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the expression of novel methicillin resistance markers determined using cdna-aflp approach in staphylococcus aureus. | widespread methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and absence of effective antimicrobial agents has led to limited therapeutic options for treating mrsa infection. we aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) on the expression of novel identified methicillin resistance markers (nimrms) in s. aureus using complementary dna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) approaches to address the therapeutic alternatives for mrsa infections. | 2017 | 28645784 |
| the scottish enhanced staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia surveillance programme: the first 18 months of data in children. | national enhanced surveillance of staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (sab) commenced on 1(st) october 2014 to gain a more in-depth understanding of the epidemiology of sab in scotland. children under 16 years of age were analysed separately from adults because previous studies had demonstrated epidemiological differences. | 2017 | 28645466 |
| treatment results of corneal collagen cross-linking combined with riboflavin and 440 nm blue light for bacterial corneal ulcer in rabbits. | to study the treatment effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (cxl) combined with 440 nm blue light and riboflavin on bacterial corneal ulcer using animal experiments. | 2017 | 28644681 |
| antibacterial effect of a 4x cu-tio₂ coating simulating acute periprosthetic infection-an animal model. | the purpose of our study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of a spacer (ti6al4v) coated with 4x cu-tio₂ in an animal model simulating an acute periprosthetic infection by staphylococcus aureus. ti6al4 bolts contaminated with staphylococcus aureus were implanted into the femoral condyle of rabbits (n = 36) divided into 3 groups. after one week in group 1 (control) the bolts were removed without any replacement. in group2 ti6al4v bolts with a 4x cu-tio₂ coating and in group 3 beads of a ... | 2017 | 28644421 |
| genome comparisons of two taiwanese community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st59 clones support the multi-origin theory of ca-mrsa. | sequence type (st) 59 is an epidemic lineage of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) in asia. two st59 clones are prevalent in taiwan: the taiwan clone (tw) causes severe infections, whereas the asian-pacific clone (ap) is usually commensal. in this study, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the representative strains of these two clones and found their differences to focus on three mobile genetic elements: tw carries sccmec type vt, panton-valentin ... | 2017 | 28642157 |
| transfer of antibiotic resistance in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen with remarkable adaptive powers. antibiotic-resistant clones rapidly emerge mainly by acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes from other s. aureus strains or even from other genera. transfer is mediated by a diverse complement of mobile genetic elements and occurs primarily by conjugation or bacteriophage transduction, with the latter traditionally being perceived as the primary route. recent work on conjugation and transduction suggests that ... | 2017 | 28641931 |
| mrsa infections in norway: a study of the temporal evolution, 2006-2015. | norway has one of the lowest prevalences of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections in the world. this study exploits the extensive data on mrsa infections in the norwegian surveillance system to investigate the important factors defining the mrsa epidemiology. | 2017 | 28640901 |
| dominance of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones in a maternity hospital. | methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a major pathogen causing healthcare- and community- acquired infections. the purpose of this study was to characterize mrsa isolated at the maternity hospital between 2006 and 2011 for their genetic relatedness. | 2017 | 28640870 |
| panton-valentine leukocidin producing staphylococcus aureus facial pyomyositis causing partial cavernous sinus thrombosis. | we present a case of sub-total cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to panton-valentine leucocidin-associated staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis of the muscles of mastication in a previously healthy child, who was successfully managed with no residual disease. he was found to have a factor v leiden heterozygous mutation. we highlight the propensity of pvl-sa to induce venous thrombosis at any site, but with potential for more severe consequences in the head. we highlight pyomyositis as a differen ... | 2017 | 28640000 |
| agr functionality affects clinical outcomes in patients with persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (mrsab) often persists despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. it is unclear what microbiological factors contribute to poor clinical outcomes in persistent mrsab (pmrsab). we aimed to identify clinical and microbiological risk factors for in-hospital mortality in pmrsab. we analysed mrsab cases prospectively collected between 2009 and 2016 at 11 hospitals in korea, defining cases of pmrsab as mrsab lasting ≥5 days despite administration of ... | 2017 | 28639163 |
| cuff extrusion in peritoneal dialysis: single-centre experience with the cuff-shaving procedure in five patients over a 4-year period. | catheter-related infections in peritoneal dialysis (pd) remain a significant complication, and some patients with recurrent exit-site (esi) and/or tunnel infections may experience external cuff extrusion. in these cases, cuff-shaving has been described as a possible course of treatment. during a 4-year period, there were 44 patients with pd at our department; all received double-cuffed tenckhoff catheters. six (13%) never started on pd. five (13%) of the 38 active pd patients experienced cuff ex ... | 2017 | 28638613 |
| predictors of adverse outcomes in children with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. | staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common infection, associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. factors associated with adverse treatment outcomes are poorly understood in the pediatric population. | 2017 | 28638305 |
| septic embolic stroke resulting from staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis. | staphylococcus lugdunensis, a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), has been recognized as a causal organism for infective endocarditis since the 1980s. although most cons have an insidious and chronic nature, they are involved in a variety of systemic infections. s lugdunensis infective endocarditis is a rare entity but is as catastrophic as staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis and requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and, typically, valve replacement. s lugdunensis i ... | 2017 | 28638293 |
| inflammation-induced osteogenesis in a rabbit tibia model. | pathologic conditions associated with bone formation can serve as models to identify bone-promoting mediators. the inflammatory response to bacterial infections generally leads to osteolysis and impaired bone healing, but paradoxically, it can also have pro-osteogenic effects. as a potential model to investigate pro-osteogenic stimuli, this study characterizes the bone formation in an established rabbit tibia model of periprosthetic infection. our hypothesis was that the infection with staphyloc ... | 2017 | 28637383 |
| prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in switzerland. | the presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in pig farms has been widely reported, and the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) has been documented in several countries. however, data for switzerland are very scarce. this study aimed to compare changes in the prevalence of mrsa in swiss pig farms between 2008 and 2015 and make the first ever estimates of the presence of esbl-e and carbapenemase producers in pigs and pig farm work ... | 2017 | 28636975 |
| semisynthetic flavone-derived antimicrobials with therapeutic potential against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | a new series of semisynthetic flavone-based small molecules mimicking antimicrobial peptides has been designed from natural icaritin to combat drug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. compound 6 containing two arginine residues exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including mrsa, and very low toxicity to mammalian cells, resulting in a high selectivity of more than 511, comparable to that of several membrane-active antibiotics in clinical trials. o ... | 2017 | 28636355 |
| virulence genes of s. aureus from dairy cow mastitis and contagiousness risk. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is a major agent of dairy cow intramammary infections: the different prevalences of mastitis reported might be related to a combination of s. aureus virulence factors beyond host factors. the present study considered 169 isolates from different italian dairy herds that were classified into four groups based on the prevalence of s. aureus infection at the first testing: low prevalence (lp), medium-low (mlp), medium-high (mhp) and high (hp). we aimed to correlate ... | 2017 | 28635647 |
| effectiveness and safety of daptomycin in patients with infective endocarditis undergoing heart valve replacement: a subgroup analysis from real-world data. | european cubicin(®) outcomes registry and experience (eu-core) was a retrospective, non-interventional, multicenter registry that collected real-world clinical outcomes following daptomycin use for the treatment of gram-positive infections. eu-core data from patients with infective endocarditis (ie) who underwent heart valve replacement were analysed. | 2017 | 28634535 |
| alternative evolutionary pathways for drug-resistant small colony variant mutants in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is known to generate small colony variants (scvs) that are resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics and can cause persistent and recurrent infections. the scv phenotype is unstable, and compensatory mutations lead to restored growth, usually with loss of resistance. however, the evolution of improved growth, by mechanisms that avoid loss of antibiotic resistance, is very poorly understood. by selection with serial passaging, we isolated and characterized different classes of ... | 2017 | 28634236 |
| immunotherapy targeting adenosine synthase a decreases severity of staphylococcus aureus infection in mouse model. | staphylococcusaureus is a severe pathogen found in the community and in hospitals. most notably, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) is resistant to almost all antibiotics, which is a growing public health concern. the emergence of drug-resistant strains has prompted the search for alternative treatments such as immunotherapeutic approaches. previous research showed that s. aureus exploit the immunomodulatory attributes of adenosine to escape host immunity. in this study, we investigated aden ... | 2017 | 28633319 |
| value of surgery for infective endocarditis in dialysis patients. | to determine the value of surgery for infective endocarditis (ie) in patients on hemodialysis by comparing the nature and invasiveness of endocarditis in hemodialysis and nonhemodialysis patients and their hospital and long-term outcomes, and identifying risk factors for time-related mortality after surgery. | 2017 | 28633210 |
| disinfection efficiencies of sage and spearmint essential oils against planktonic and biofilm staphylococcus aureus cells in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. | staphylococcus aureus causes human infections and foodborne intoxications. this study explored the potential antibacterial actions of sage and spearmint essential oils (eos) against both its planktonic and biofilm cells, in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (naocl), a commonly applied chemical sanitizer. initially, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mics, mbcs) of each plant mixture were determined against planktonic cultures, following growth at 30°c for 24h. stationary p ... | 2017 | 28633052 |
| emerging biomarkers of illness severity: urinary metabolites associated with sepsis and necrotizing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. | our objective was to illustrate the potential of metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers of illness severity in a child with fatal necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). we present a case report with two control groups and a metabolomics analysis: an infant with fatal mrsa pneumonia, four children with influenza pneumonia (pneumonia control group), and seven healthy children with no known infections (healthy control group). urine samples were collec ... | 2017 | 28632946 |
| [pyogenic liver abscess in children: clinical experience in a pediatric reference center]. | liver abscess is a serious and an uncommon pediatric disease. | 2017 | 28632826 |
| infection of ventricular assist device detected and monitored by 18f-fdg pet/ct. | we report a case of a 59-year-old man who presented with fever, sepsis, and left cervicothoracic cutaneous inflammation 13 months after implantation of jarvik 2000 device. device infection was suspected and f-fdg pet/ct showed an intense and homogeneous uptake along driveline cable. bacteriological local sample showed staphylococcus aureus. after adapted antibiotherapy, control f-fdg pet/ct displays treatment efficacy with no residual uptake in driveline. f-fdg pet/ct could be an important tool ... | 2017 | 28632696 |
| what is behind the epidemiological difference between community-acquired and health-care associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus? | | 2017 | 28632426 |
| into the storm: chasing the opportunistic pathogen staphylococcus aureus from skin colonisation to life-threatening infections. | colonisation of the human skin by staphylococcus aureus is a precursor for a variety of infections ranging from boils to sepsis and pneumonia. the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant s. aureus following the clinical introduction of this antimicrobial drug and reports of resistance to all currently used anti-staphylococcal drugs has added to its formidable reputation. s. aureus survival on the skin and in vivo virulence is underpinned by a remarkable environmental adaptability, made possible ... | 2017 | 28631399 |
| the mobile dso-gene-sso element in rolling-circle plasmids of staphylococci reflects the evolutionary history of its resistance gene. | the qacc and lnua genes of staphylococcus species were recently proposed to comprise a mobile element when residing on rolling-circle plasmids. here we present other examples of resistance genes on staphylococcal rolling-circle plasmids, including fosb producing resistance to fosfomycin, cat resulting in resistance to chloramphenicol and cadb for resistance to the toxic heavy metal cadmium. for three of these genes (qacc, lnua and fosb), evidence was obtained that the genes have spread between d ... | 2017 | 28631335 |
| looking to nature for a new concept in antimicrobial treatments: isoflavonoids from cytisus striatus as antibiotic adjuvants against mrsa. | the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), has shortened the useful life of anti-staphylococcal drugs enormously. two approaches can be followed to address this problem: screening various sources for new leads for antibiotics or finding ways to disable the resistance mechanisms to existing antibiotics. plants are resistant to most microorganisms, but despite extensive efforts to identify metabolites that are responsible for ... | 2017 | 28630440 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility trends among staphylococcus aureus isolates from u.s. hospitals: results from 7 years of the ceftaroline (aware) surveillance program, 2010 to 2016. | we evaluated trends in staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial susceptibility in u.s. hospitals in the 2010-2016 period. a total of 21,056 clinical isolates from 42 medical centers were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods. methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) rates decreased from 50.0% (in 2010) to 42.2% (in 2016). susceptibility to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and clindamycin increased slightly, whereas susceptibility to ceftaroline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyc ... | 2017 | 28630196 |
| topical antimicrobial treatments can elicit shifts to resident skin bacterial communities and reduce colonization by staphylococcus aureus competitors. | the skin microbiome is a complex ecosystem with important implications for cutaneous health and disease. topical antibiotics and antiseptics are often employed to preserve the balance of this population and inhibit colonization by more pathogenic bacteria. however, despite their widespread use, the impact of these interventions on broader microbial communities remains poorly understood. here, we report the longitudinal effects of topical antibiotics and antiseptics on skin bacterial communities ... | 2017 | 28630195 |
| β-lactam antibiotics with a high affinity for pbp2 act synergistically with the ftsz-targeting agent txa707 against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that poses a significant risk to global health today. we have developed a promising new ftsz-targeting agent (txa707) with potent activity against mrsa isolates resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. we present here results that demonstrate differing extents of synergy between txa707 and a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics (including six cephalosporins, two penicillins, and two carbapenems) against ... | 2017 | 28630190 |
| in vitro activity of delafloxacin and microbiological response against fluoroquinolone-susceptible and nonsusceptible staphylococcus aureus isolates from two phase 3 studies of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | delafloxacin is an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum in vitro activity, including activity against gram-positive organisms, gram-negative organisms, atypical organisms, and anaerobes. the in vitro activity of delafloxacin and the percent microbiological response in subjects infected with fluoroquinolone-susceptible and nonsusceptible staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined from two global phase 3 studies of delafloxacin versus vancomycin plus aztreonam ... | 2017 | 28630189 |
| antibiotic resistance as a stress response: recovery of high-level oxacillin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus "auxiliary" (fem) mutants by induction of the stringent stress response. | studies with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strain col have shown that the optimal resistance phenotype requires not only meca but also a large number of "auxiliary genes" identified by tn551 mutagenesis. the majority of auxiliary mutants showed greatly increased levels of oxacillin resistance when grown in the presence of sub-mics of mupirocin, suggesting that the mechanism of reduced resistance in the auxiliary mutants involved the interruption of a stringent stress respons ... | 2017 | 28630179 |
| nasal colonization of staphylococcus aureus colonal complex 5: prevalence, influencing factors, and phenotypic and molecular characteristics in pregnant chinese women. | colonal complex 5 (cc5) has been referred to as the most pandemic community-associated staphylococcus aureus in most asian countries. however, few studies have focused on cc5 isolates in pregnant women. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and phenotypic and molecular characteristics of s aureus and methicillin-resistant s aureus (mrsa) cc5 nasal colonization in pregnant chinese women. | 2017 | 28629756 |
| active identification of patients who are methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonized is not associated with longer duration of vancomycin therapy. | excessive prescribing of vancomycin among patients admitted to inpatient wards is a challenge for antimicrobial stewardship programs, especially in the setting of expanded screening programs for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). studies examining factors associated with longer duration of vancomycin use are limited. | 2017 | 28629753 |
| a new antibiotic produced by the cyanobacterium-symbiotic fungus simplicillium lanosoniveum. | the culture broth of the cyanobacterium-symbiotic fungus simplicillium lanosoniveum var. tianjinienss q. l. dong exhibited unanticipated antibacterial activities against the gram-positive bacteria, particularly the pathogenic bacterium staphylococcus aureus, indicating the secretion of antibiotic-like metabolite, for which the modified sabouraud medium was the suitable medium. the antibiotic-like metabolite was separated with macroporous resins ct-12 (absorption) and 95% ethanol (desorption), pu ... | 2017 | 28629233 |
| unsuccessful treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with dalbavancin. | limited evidence describes dalbavancin use in infective endocarditis (ie). | 2017 | 28628223 |
| multidrug-resistant bacteria and travel. | antimicrobial resistance is a global problem which affects also tropical countries. travelers to these regions expose themselves to the risk of being colonised and infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria. the region visited, the occurrence of diarrhoea and the use of antibiotics are the principal risk factors leading to colonisation with multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae, which can affect up to 80% of travellers. colonisation with meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin ... | 2017 | 28627852 |
| corneal ring infiltrate secondary to staphylococcus aureus-induced endogenous endophthalmitis: a case report. | | 2017 | 28627769 |
| the effects of selected phytochemicals on biofilm formed by five methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 0.1% thyme oil (to), trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), ferulic acid (fa), p-coumaric acid (p-ca), caffeic acid (ca), lavender essential oil (lo), geranium essential oil (go) and tee tree oil (tto) to control biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains. depending on the strains, to reduced 59.7-85% of biofilm mass, while tc 52.9-82.4% after 48 h of treatment. reduction of metabolic activity of biofilms in ranges 79.3- ... | 2017 | 28627304 |
| oral ofloxacin and clindamycin as an alternative to the classic rifampicin/clindamycin in hidradenitis suppurativa: retrospective analysis of 65 patients. | rifampicin/clindamycin (rc) combination is recommended as first line therapy in moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (hs) by european s1 guidelines (1-3), notably because a large variety of microorganisms have been isolated from hs lesions: most represented bacteria appear to be staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci (cons) and anaerobic bacteria from normal skin flora. it has been hypothesized that these bacteria could play a central role in the initiation and maybe in t ... | 2017 | 28626900 |
| simplified protocol of gel-based multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) for staphylococcus aureus typing. | | 2017 | 28626740 |
| enterococcus spp. and s. aureus colonization in neutropenic febrile children with cancer. | febrile neutropenia is one of the most serious treatment-related complications in cancer patients. susceptible to rapidly progressing infections, which result in prolonged hospitalization and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, neutropenic patients are subject to colonization by multiresistant agents, which enhances the risk of infections. | 2017 | 28626736 |
| septic thrombophlebitis with persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and de novo resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin. | persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bacteremia is associated with significant risk of mortality, especially when it occurs while on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we herein describe an unusual case of a patient with prosthetic aortic tissue valve, who suffered from central venous catheter related mrsa bacteremia with septic thrombus formation in the superior vena cava. mrsa bacteremia persisted despite removal of the catheter and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in ... | 2017 | 28626538 |
| bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy, alone or in combination with mupirocin or linezolid, on staphylococcus aureus. | antibiotic treatments frequently fail due to the development of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for new treatment strategies. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) could constitute an alternative therapy. in bacterial suspensions of staphylococcus aureus, which is commonly implicated in cutaneous and mucosal infections, we evaluated the in vitro efficacy of apdt, using the photosensitizing agents rose bengal (rb) or methylene blue (mb), alone or combined with the antibiotics mup ... | 2017 | 28626456 |
| a facile semi-synthetic approach towards halogen-substituted aminobenzoic acid analogues of platensimycin. | platensimycin (ptm), produced by several strains of streptomyces platensis, is a promising drug lead for infectious diseases and diabetes. the recent pilot-scale production of ptm from s. platensis sb12026 has set the stage for the facile semi-synthesis of a focused library of ptm analogues. in this study, gram-quantity of platensic acid (ptma) was prepared by the sulfuric acid-catalyzed ethanolysis of ptm, followed by a mild hydrolysis in aqueous lithium hydroxide. three ptma esters were also o ... | 2017 | 28626267 |
| evaluating the ototoxicity of a anti-mrsa peptide kr-12-a2. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an emerging problem for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media, and also for pediatric tympanostomy tube otorrhea. to date, there are no effective topical antibiotic drugs to treat mrsa otorrhea. | 2017 | 28625810 |
| antibacterial neolignans from the leaves of melaleuca bracteata. | phytochemical study on the leaves of melaleuca bracteata resulted in the isolation of ten compounds including three new neolignans, named melaleucins a-c (1-3). among them, melaleucin b shares a rarely occurring nor-neolignan skeleton, and both melaleucins b and c bear a novel aldehyde moiety, which might also be response for the delicate fragrance of m. bracteata. their structures were extensively assigned by spectral data interpretation and biomimetic total synthesis. moreover, their biosynthe ... | 2017 | 28625731 |
| impact of gram stain results on initial treatment selection in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of two treatment algorithms. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common and serious problem in intensive care units (icus). several studies have suggested that the gram stain of endotracheal aspirates is a useful method for accurately diagnosing vap. however, the usefulness of the gram stain in predicting which microorganisms cause vap has not been established. the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a gram stain of endotracheal aspirates could be used to determine appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy ... | 2017 | 28625166 |