| enhanced staphylolytic activity of the staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vb_saus-phiipla88 hydh5 virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase: fusions, deletions, and synergy with lysh5. | virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases have potential as antimicrobial agents due to their ability to lyse gram-positive bacteria on contact. in this work, our aim was to improve the lytic activity of hydh5, a virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase from the staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage vb_saus-phiipla88. full-length hydh5 and two truncated derivatives containing only the chap (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase) domain exhibited high lytic activity against live ... | 2012 | 22267667 |
| emergence of staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to pristinamycin in sfax (tunisia). | we report the emergence of staphylococcus aureus resistant to pristinamycin in tunisia, and the characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and streptogramins. | 2012 | 22265593 |
| effect of surface coating and finish upon the cleanability of bed rails and the spread of staphylococcus aureus. | bacterial reservoirs in the near-patient environment are likely vectors of healthcare-acquired infection. | 2012 | 22264495 |
| treatment of lepromatous ulcers using citric acid as a sole antimicrobial agent. | a prospective study was carried out to assess the role of citric acid as a sole antimicrobial agent in the management of lepromatous ulcers. thirty-four known cases of lepromatous ulcers not responding to conventional antibiotic therapies for long duration were investigated for culture and susceptibility studies. staphylococcus aureus (25·00%) and klebsiella spp. (23·43%) were found to be the most common isolates. amikacin (68·75%) and ciprofloxacin (67·18%) were found to be the most effective a ... | 2012 | 22264346 |
| staphylococcus aureus infections in kidney transplantation: a matched case controlled study. | data are lacking on the risk factors and outcomes of staphylococcus aureus infections in kidney transplant recipients. | 2012 | 22263696 |
| an amino acid position at crossroads of evolution of protein function: antibiotic sensor domain of blar1 protein from staphylococcus aureus versus class d β-lactamases. | the integral membrane protein blar1 of staphylococcus aureus senses the presence of β-lactam antibiotics in the milieu and transduces the information to its cytoplasmic side, where its activity unleashes the expression of a set of genes, including that for blar1 itself, which manifest the antibiotic-resistant phenotype. the x-ray structure of the sensor domain of this protein exhibits an uncanny similarity to those of the class d β-lactamases. the former is a membrane-bound receptor/sensor for t ... | 2012 | 22262858 |
| role of high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in the outcome of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. | | 2012 | 22262793 |
| contamination in smooth gel breast implant placement: testing a funnel versus digital insertion technique in a cadaver model. | overt infection and biofilm formation resulting from breast augmentation are rare but serious problems that can lead to contracture and a need for revision surgery. the keller funnel is a medical device composed of a rip-stop nylon sleeve with a hydrophilic inner coating. one claim of the funnel is that it facilitates a "no touch" technique, thereby limiting contamination. to date, there are no data to support this claim. | 2012 | 22261323 |
| [community-acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections in madrid: prevalence study]. | since it was first described in the 1990s, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection among people with no contact with a hospital setting or with no traditional risk factors, has spread worldwide and is now an important epidemiological and public health problem. | 2012 | 22260847 |
| nano-hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics scaffolds loaded with cationic liposomal ceftazidime: preparation, release characteristics in vitro and inhibition to staphylococcus aureus biofilms. | in the current study, nano-hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (ha/β-tcp) ceramics scaffolds loaded with cationic liposomal ceftazidime (clcs) prepared by modified reverse phase evaporation method, the investigations of their release characteristics were performed by the dissolution tests, in vitro anti-biofilm activity of the scaffolds was studied by the determination of bacterial susceptibility with elisa. the mean particle size, zeta potential, ph and entrapment efficiency of the clcs studi ... | 2012 | 22257380 |
| modulating activity of vancomycin and daptomycin on the expression of autolysis cell-wall turnover and membrane charge genes in hvisa and visa strains. | glycopeptides are still the gold standard to treat mrsa (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus) infections, but their widespread use has led to vancomycin-reduced susceptibility [heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate-staphylococcus aureus (hvisa) and vancomycin-intermediate-staphylococcus aureus (visa)], in which different genetic loci (regulatory, autolytic, cell-wall turnover and cell-envelope positive charge genes) are involved. in addition, reduced susceptibility to vancomycin can infl ... | 2012 | 22253738 |
| two distinct coagulase-dependent barriers protect staphylococcus aureus from neutrophils in a three dimensional in vitro infection model. | staphylococcus aureus is a pyogenic abscess-forming facultative pathogenic microorganism expressing a large set of virulence-associated factors. among these, secreted proteins with binding capacity to plasma proteins (e.g. fibrinogen binding proteins eap and emp) and prothrombin activators such as coagulase (coa) and vwbp are involved in abscess formation. by using a three-dimensional collagen gel (3d-cog) supplemented with fibrinogen (fib) we studied the growth behavior of s. aureus strain newm ... | 2012 | 22253592 |
| intranasal drug-induced fungal rhinopharyngitis. | intranasal drug abuse has long been recognized as an etiology of sinonasal pathology. however, the intranasal use of prescription and nonprescription drugs has surpassed the use of illicit drugs, and the pattern of presentation and required therapeutic intervention appears to be different. we report on our experience with these patients, along with a successful treatment algorithm for this disease process. | 2016 | 22253034 |
| genome-scale metabolic representation of amycolatopsis balhimycina. | infection caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an increasing societal problem. typically, glycopeptide antibiotics are used in the treatment of these infections. the most comprehensively studied glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthetic pathway is that of balhimycin biosynthesis in amycolatopsis balhimycina. the balhimycin yield obtained by a. balhimycina is, however, low and there is therefore a need to improve balhimycin production. in this study, we performed genome sequ ... | 2012 | 22252737 |
| an acidic phospholipase a₂ with antibacterial activity from porthidium nasutum snake venom. | snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins among which both basic and acidic phospholipases a(2) (pla(2)s) can be found. basic pla(2)s are usually responsible for major toxic effects induced by snake venoms, while acidic pla(2)s tend to have a lower toxicity. a novel pla(2), here named pnpla(2), was purified from the venom of porthidium nasutum by means of rp-hplc on a c18 column. pnpla(2) is an acidic protein with a pi of 4.6, which migrates as a single band under both non-reducing and reduc ... | 2012 | 22251437 |
| dermatologic infestations. | head lice are transmitted by head to head contact. optimal therapy includes malathion lotion 0.5% repeated in one week left on for 30 minutes to 8 hours. spinosad topical suspension 0.9% repeated in one week left on for 10 minutes is another option. scabies is transmitted mainly by direct contact but also via heavily infested fomites due to crusted scabies. permethrin 5% cream to the body repeated in four days is often sufficient; however, scalp treatment with malathion lotion 0.5% is helpful in ... | 2012 | 22250620 |
| multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to study the expression of virulence and stress response genes in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus survives well in different stress conditions. the ability of this organism to adapt to various stresses is the result of a complex regulatory response, which is attributed to regulation of multiple genes. the aims of the present study were (1) to develop a multiplex pcr for the detection of genes which are involved in stress adaptation (asp23, dnak, and groel); alternative sigma factor (sigb) and virulence determination (entb and spa) and (2) to study the expression of thes ... | 2012 | 22250603 |
| detection of staphylococcus aureus cell walls by enzyme-linked immunoassay using antibodies prepared from a semi-synthetic peptidoglycan precursor. | the peptidoglycan layer of staphylococcus aureus contains a (gly)(5) cross-link which is not found in other bacteria, and which could be used to develop a specific immunoassay for detection of s. aureus in mrsa infections. a semi-synthetic route was used to prepare the s. aureus peptidoglycan precursor udpmurnac-l-ala-γ-d-glu-l-lys(gly)(5)-d-ala-d-ala, which was covalently attached to carrier protein bovine serum albumin via the udp nucleotide. serum raised using this antigen showed specificity ... | 2012 | 22249441 |
| effect of priming in subpopulations of peripheral neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis. | patients with periodontal disease are reported to generate more reactive oxygen species (ros) than matched controls, suggesting increased inflammatory defense activity. the purpose of this study is to determine whether there are subpopulations of peripheral neutrophils in patients with chronic periodontitis (cp) that generate different levels of intracellular ros when primed with tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α) or the chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8, cxcl8) compared to controls. | 2012 | 22248218 |
| proteome of a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clinical strain of sequence type st398. | proteomics is a powerful tool to analyze the differences in gene expression of bacterial strains. staphylococcus aureus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in human disease. in order to investigate this pathogen, the proteome of a clinical methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) strain of the sequence type st398 was determined using 2-de. using 2-de we obtained a total of 105 spots the mrsa strain. furthermore in correlation with bioinformatic databases, they allowed accurate identi ... | 2012 | 22245554 |
| a sample extraction method for faster, more sensitive pcr-based detection of pathogens in blood culture. | three mechanistically different sample extraction methodologies, namely, silica spin columns, phenol-chloroform, and an automated magnetic capture of polymer-complexed dna (via an automate express instrument), were compared for their abilities to purify nucleic acids from blood culture fluids for use in taqman assays for detection of staphylococcus aureus. the extracts from silica columns required 100- to 1000-fold dilutions to sufficiently reduce the powerful pcr inhibitory effects of the antic ... | 2016 | 22245225 |
| the project hicare: cross-sectoral action alliance against multi-resistant pathogens. | multi-resistant pathogens are a serious problem on a considerable scale for the health sector. patients with infections induced by multi-resistant bacteria cause enormous additional treatment costs of around 20,500 € per insured. due to the recently used billing and documentation system there is a significant shortage of information transparency. the guidelines for hospital hygiene and infection prevention published by the robert koch institute (rki) include a presumption provision, which means ... | 2011 | 22242106 |
| do topical antibiotics reduce exit site infection rates and peritonitis episodes in peritoneal dialysis patients? the pan thames renal audit. | peritonitis is the major cause of peritoneal dialysis (pd) technique failure. prophylactic topical antibiotics have been reported to reduce peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site infections (esi) and peritonitis rates. | 2013 | 22241640 |
| restriction modification (rm) tests associated to additional molecular markers for screening prevalent mrsa clones in brazil. | in this study, we associated the restriction modification (rm) tests to the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of molecular markers (sccmec iii, seh, agr ii-sccmec iv, and luksf) for revealing the main methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clones circulating in brazil. this simple and rapid approach allowed a precise classification of the mrsa analyzed when compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) data. | 2012 | 22240854 |
| the longitudinal prevalence of mrsa in care home residents and the effectiveness of improving infection prevention knowledge and practice on colonisation using a stepped wedge study design. | objectives to determine the prevalence and health outcomes of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonisation in elderly care home residents. to measure the effectiveness of improving infection prevention knowledge and practice on mrsa prevalence. setting care homes for elderly residents in leeds, uk. participants residents able to give informed consent. design a controlled intervention study, using a stepped wedge design, comprising 65 homes divided into three groups. baseline mr ... | 2012 | 22240647 |
| novel antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among patients requiring chronic hemodialysis. | antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (arb) including resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and gram-negative bacteria have the potential to cause serious infections among patients requiring chronic hemodialysis (chd). the purpose of this article is to review novel arb, which have emerged in this patient population, their mechanisms of transmission, and preventive efforts aimed at limiting their dissemination. | 2012 | 22240441 |
| modeling the spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in nursing homes for elderly. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is endemic in many hospital settings, including nursing homes. it is an important nosocomial pathogen that causes mortality and an economic burden to patients, hospitals, and the community. the epidemiology of the bacteria in nursing homes is both hospital- and community-like. transmission occurs via hands of health care workers (hcws) and direct contacts among residents during social activities. in this work, mathematical modeling in both deter ... | 2012 | 22238650 |
| holo and apo-transferrins interfere with adherence to abiotic surfaces and with adhesion/invasion to hela cells in staphylococcus spp. | staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis are the major cause of infections associated with implanted medical devices. colonization on abiotic and biotic surfaces is often sustained by biofilm forming strains. human natural defenses can interfere with this virulence factor. we investigated the effect of human apo-transferrin (apo-tf, the iron-free form of transferrin, tf) and holo-transferrin (holo-tf, the iron-saturated form) on biofilm formation by ca-mrsa s. aureus usa300 type (st8 ... | 2012 | 22237941 |
| identification of anti-alpha toxin monoclonal antibodies that reduce the severity of staphylococcus aureus dermonecrosis and exhibit a correlation between affinity and potency. | staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin (at) is an important virulence determinant and may be a valid target for immunoprophylaxis against staphylococcal disease. here we report the identification of potent inhibitory anti-at monoclonal antibodies (mabs) derived using b-cell hybridoma technology from velocimmune mice engineered to produce igg with a human variable domain. a small panel of inhibitory mabs blocked at-mediated lysis of rabbit red blood cells, a549 human lung epithelial cells, and thp-1 h ... | 2012 | 22237895 |
| effect of stress on biofilm formation by icaa positive and negative strains of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. | to determine the effect of physical and chemical stress factors e.g. antibiotics, nacl, glucose, heat shock, cold shock and sonic waves on biofilm formation by icaa positive and negative strains of methicillin resistant staphylococcus (s.) aureus. | 2012 | 22237182 |
| diphosphonium ionic liquids as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. | one of the most disturbing trends in recent years is the growth of resistant strains of bacteria with the simultaneous dearth of new antimicrobial agents. thus, new antimicrobial agents for the use on the ocular surface are needed. | 2012 | 22236790 |
| management of single-ventricle patients with berlin heart excor ventricular assist device: single-center experience. | there are minimal data regarding chronic management of single-ventricle ventricular assist device (vad) patients. this study aims to describe our center's multidisciplinary team management of single-ventricle patients supported long term with the berlin heart excor pediatric vad. patient #1 was a 4-year-old with double-outlet right ventricle with aortic atresia, l-looped ventricles, and heart block who developed heart failure 1 year after fontan. she initially required extracorporeal membrane ox ... | 2012 | 22236151 |
| potential for pet animals to harbour methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus when residing with human mrsa patients. | colonization by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) may be persistent in people and is horizontally transmissible. the scientific literature suggests that domestic pets may also participate in cross-transmission of mrsa within households. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for mrsa carriage by pets residing in households with an mrsa-infected person. from 66 households in which an mrsa-infected patient resided, we screened 47 dogs and ... | 2012 | 22233337 |
| how staphylococcus aureus biofilms develop their characteristic structure. | biofilms cause significant problems in the environment and during the treatment of infections. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying biofilm formation are poorly understood. there is a particular lack of knowledge about biofilm maturation processes, such as biofilm structuring and detachment, which are deemed crucial for the maintenance of biofilm viability and the dissemination of cells from a biofilm. here, we identify the phenol-soluble modulin (psm) surfactant peptides as key biofilm ... | 2012 | 22232686 |
| synergistic activity of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in a rat model of infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant and glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcus aureus. | the therapeutic activity of ceftobiprole medocaril, the prodrug of ceftobiprole, was compared to that of vancomycin, daptomycin, and the combination of a subtherapeutic dose of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in a rat model of infective endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (atcc 43300) or glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (gisa) (nrs4 and hip 5836) strains. the minimum bactericidal concentrations of ceftobiprole, vancomycin, and daptomycin at bacterial ... | 2012 | 22232278 |
| prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in argentina; comparison with england, wales, northern ireland and south africa. | prevalence surveillance methodology is the systematic observation of the occurrence and distribution of healthcare-associated infections (hcais) so that appropriate actions can be taken. | 2012 | 22230102 |
| methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus infection after steroid hip injection. | infection after intra-articular steroid injection of the hip is rare, occurring in <1 of 15,000 cases. septic arthritis following intra-articular injection is even rarer. this is the only documented case of systemic septicemia following intra-articular injection.the patient received an intra-articular steroid injection to the left hip under fluoroscopic guidance, which resulted in reduced pain and increased mobility. two weeks after the injection, the patient noticed sharp pain in the left hip a ... | 2012 | 22229623 |
| evaluation of mbec™-htp biofilm model for studies of implant associated infections. | the bacteria in implant-related infections can evade host defenses by forming biofilms. the more we understand biofilm behavior, the better we can fight against then clinically. in vitro models for biofilms allow tests simulating in vivo conditions. in this study we evaluated the minimum biofilm eradication concentration-high throughput plates (mbec™-htp) as biofilm in vitro model for studies of implant associated infections. staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms were gro ... | 2012 | 22228044 |
| limb salvage for spreading midfoot osteomyelitis following diabetic foot surgery. | osteomyelitis is a challenging problem when it appears in the feet of patients with diabetes. although the most frequent port of entry for bacteria is an ulcer, surgical wounds also permit entry of bacteria into the foot. this surgical complication may become limb-threatening, and treatment is a challenge. here we present two cases of patients with neuropathic feet and palpable distal pulses, who were previously treated with surgery, and who presented with spreading bone infection in the midfoot ... | 2012 | 22226845 |
| purified 1'acetoxychavicol acetate (1'aca) from galangal spice affects membrane fatty acid composition and triggers a cell envelope stress response in staphylococcus aureus. | | 2012 | 22226652 |
| update on the prevention and control of community-acquired meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa). | the rapid dissemination of community-acquired meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) since the early 2000s and the appearance of new successful lineages is a matter of concern. the burden of these infections varies widely between different groups of individuals and in different regions of the world. estimating the total burden of disease is therefore problematic. skin and soft-tissue infections, often in otherwise healthy young individuals, are the most common clinical manifestatio ... | 2012 | 22226649 |
| community-based educational intervention to limit the dissemination of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in northern saskatchewan, canada. | surveillance examining the incidence of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) was conducted over 8 years beginning in 2001 in three health regions covering the northern half of saskatchewan. the annual rate of individuals reported with ca-mrsa infection in these regions dramatically increased from 8.2 per 10,000 population in 2001 (range to 4.4-10.1 per 10,000) to 168.1 per 10,000 in 2006 (range 43.4-230.9 per 10,000). to address this issue, a team of communi ... | 2012 | 22225643 |
| search method for inhibitors of staphyloxanthin production by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | staphyloxanthin, a yellow pigment produced by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), is a virulent factor escaping from the host immune system. a new screening method for inhibitors of staphyloxanthin production by mrsa was established using paper disks. by this screening method, inhibitors of staphyloxanthin production were selected from the natural product library (ca. 300) and from actinomycete culture broths (ca. 1000). from the natural product library, four known inhibitors of ... | 2012 | 22223336 |
| staphylococcus aureus secretes coagulase and von willebrand factor binding protein to modify the coagulation cascade and establish host infections. | clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus secrete coagulases, polypeptides that bind to and activate prothrombin, thereby converting fibrinogen to fibrin and promoting the clotting of plasma or blood. two staphylococcal products, the canonical coagulase (coa) as well as the recently identified von willebrand factor binding protein (vwbp), promote similar modifications of the coagulation cascade during host infection. staphylococcal binding to fibrinogen or fibrin is an important attribute of di ... | 2012 | 22222316 |
| the control of death and lysis in staphylococcal biofilms: a coordination of physiological signals. | the processes involved in the development of complex multicellular communities, including the programmed elimination of individual cells during the formation of specialized structures, exhibit fundamental similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. mechanistic similarities may also exist at the molecular level, as bacterial proteins hypothesized to be related to the apoptosis regulator bax/bcl-2 family have been identified, fueling speculation about the existence of bacterial pcd. ... | 2012 | 22221897 |
| characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail chicken carcasses and pet workers in northwest arkansas. | staphylococcus aureus can be carried on the skin and nasal passages of humans and animals as a commensal. a case of human methicillin-resistant s. aureus infection resulting from contact with pork has been reported. poultry carcasses are sold at retail with the skin intact, but pork and beef typically are not. thus, the risk of methicillin-resistant s. aureus human infection from whole raw poultry carcasses may be greater than that of exposure from pork or beef. the objective of this study was t ... | 2012 | 22221374 |
| real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for rapid detection and quantification of agr functionality in clinical staphylococcus aureus isolates. | staphylococcus aureus infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in health care settings. s. aureus clinical isolates vary in the function of the accessory gene regulator (agr), which governs the expression of virulence determinants, including surface and exoproteins, while agr activity has been correlated with patient outcome and treatment efficiency. here we describe a duplex real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) detection and quantification platform fo ... | 2012 | 22219302 |
| early antibiotics and debridement independently reduce infection in an open fracture model. | most animal studies indicate that early irrigation and debridement reduce infection after an open fracture. unfortunately, these studies often do not involve antibiotics. clinical studies indicate that the timing of initial debridement does not affect the rate of infection but these studies are observational and fraught with confounding variables. the purpose of this study was to control these variables using an animal model incorporating systemic antibiotics and surgical treatment. we used a ra ... | 2012 | 22219257 |
| dissociation rate constants of human fibronectin binding to fibronectin-binding proteins on living staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical patients. | staphylococcus aureus is part of the indigenous microbiota of humans. sometimes, s. aureus bacteria enter the bloodstream, where they form infections on implanted cardiovascular devices. a critical, first step in such infections is a bond that forms between fibronectin-binding protein (fnbp) on s. aureus and host proteins, such as fibronectin (fn), that coat the surface of implants in vivo. in this study, native fnbps on living s. aureus were shown to form a mechanically strong conformational st ... | 2012 | 22219202 |
| varying fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones governs clonal dynamic of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on the existence and dynamic of mrsa clones. resistance to ciprofloxacin was induced in strains of community-acquired (ca) mrsa from various sequence types and the fitness cost suffered by mutant derivatives measured in a propagation assay. in addition, the fitness of fluoroquinolone resistant health care-associated (ha) mrsa isolates from major clones prevalent in hungary were compared with each other and with ... | 2012 | 22218830 |
| pathologic fractures in children with acute staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. | osteomyelitis is a common pediatric musculoskeletal infection. this infection can weaken the normal bone structure, resulting in the risk of a pathologic fracture. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for pathologic fracture in children with staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. | 2012 | 22218380 |
| [studies for the development of novel anti-mrsa/vre drugs]. | the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is a high threat for human health. in the course of screening for active compounds against the above drug-resistant bacteria from microbial metabolites, we discovered three kinds of novel compounds designated tripropeptins, pargamicin, and amycolamicin. tripropeptin c (tppc), major component of tripropeptins, is the most pro ... | 2012 | 22214581 |
| [mode of action of microbial anti-mrsa agents]. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is known as a major nosocomial pathogen that has also developed resistance to many antibiotics. moreover, mrsa resistance to a last-resort antibiotic, vancomycin, has been reported. therefore, new anti-infectious agents to prevent and treat mrsa infection are needed. based on this background, our group has focused on the discovery of new microbial agents active against mrsa infection. viridicatumtoxin and spirohexaline, produced by penicillium s ... | 2012 | 22214578 |
| bacterial skin and soft tissue infections: review of the epidemiology, microbiology, aetiopathogenesis and treatment: a collaboration between dermatologists and infectivologists. | bacterial skin and soft tissues infections (ssti) often determine acute disease and frequent emergency recovering, and they are one of the most common causes of infection among groups of different ages. given the variable presentation of ssti, a thorough assessment of their incidence and prevalence is difficult. the presence of patient-related (local or systemic) or environmental risk factors, along with the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens, can promote ssti. these infections may pres ... | 2012 | 22214317 |
| a rare case of acute epiglottitis due to staphylococcus aureus in an adult. | epiglottitis has been mainly associated with childhood infection with haemophilis influenzae type b but cases of adult epiglottitis are increasing. we report here a case of adult epiglottitis and present evidence that it was caused by staphylococcus aureus. a 48-year old patient with clinical symptoms of epiglottitis grew staphylococcus aureus in pure culture from an epiglottal swab. staphylococcus aureus should be considered as a potential pathogen in adult epiglottitis. | 2012 | 24470933 |
| screening and detection of heterogenous vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus in hospital kuala lumpur malaysia, using the glycopeptide resistance detection etest and population analysis profiling. | in a 3-month study done in hospital kuala lumpur (hkl), 7 out of 320 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates were confirmed as heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate s. aureus (hvisa) using the glycopeptide resistance detection e-test and population analysis, giving a prevalence rate of 2.19%. this is the first report of hvisa in malaysia. | 2012 | 24470927 |
| pediatric pyogenic sacroiliitis and osteomyelitis. | pyogenic sacroiliitis accounts for 1-2% of all cases of septic arthritis with less than 200 cases reported in the english literature since the beginning of the twentieth century. cultures of joint fluid usually grow staphylococcus aureus. prognosis is excellent; however, diagnosis may be difficult due to rarity of disease and non-specific signs, symptoms, and physical findings. magnetic resonance imaging has been found to be the most useful imaging modality in diagnosis. most reported cases requ ... | 2012 | 24470925 |
| predictive risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonisation among adults in acute care settings: a systematic review. | asymptomatically colonised mrsa carriers serve as a substantial reservoir for person-to-person transmission of mrsa in the acute care setting. although many studies have evaluated prognostic risk factors for mrsa colonisation on patient admission to an acute care setting, a comprehensive review of all the prognostic risk factors was not identified in a preliminary search of the literature. | 2012 | 27820009 |
| callsim: evaluation of base calls using sequencing simulation. | accurate base calls generated from sequencing data are required for downstream biological interpretation, particularly in the case of rare variants. callsim is a software application that provides evidence for the validity of base calls believed to be sequencing errors and it is applicable to ion torrent and 454 data. the algorithm processes a single read using a monte carlo approach to sequencing simulation, not dependent upon information from any other read in the data set. three examples from ... | 2012 | 25937939 |
| antibiotic-resistance staphylococcus aureus isolated from cow's milk in the hawassa area, south ethiopia. | quarter milk samples from cows were examined to determine the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus (sa) and different antibiotic resistant pattern were determined in a cross-sectional study design. | 2012 | 25927182 |
| developing a real time sensing system to monitor bacteria in wound dressings. | infection control is a key aspect of wound management strategies. infection results in chemical imbalances and inflammation in the wound and may lead to prolonged healing times and degradation of the wound surface. frequent changing of wound dressings may result in damage to healing tissues and an increased risk of infection. this paper presents the first results from a monitoring system that is being developed to detect presence and growth of bacteria in real time. it is based on impedance sens ... | 2012 | 25585709 |
| interaction of phenol-soluble modulins with phosphatidylcholine vesicles. | several members of the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (psm) peptide family exhibit pronounced capacities to lyse eukaryotic cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and erythrocytes. this is commonly assumed to be due to the amphipathic, α-helical structure of psms, giving psms detergent-like characteristics and allowing for a relatively non-specific destruction of biological membranes. however, the capacities of psms to lyse synthetic phospholipid vesicles have not been investigated. here, ... | 2012 | 25436601 |
| necrosis of staphylococcus aureus by the electrospun fe- and ag-doped tio2 nanofibers. | postsurgery infections cause prolonged hospitalization, incurring increased patient and hospital costs, making it increasingly vital to develop an effective solution for the mitigation and elimination of infection buildup at these sites. incorporation of a bactericidal device at the infection-prone sites provides the capability of attacking bacterial growth even after the patient has left the hospital. polycrystalline titanium dioxide (tio2) is photoactive and possesses antibacterial properties ... | 2012 | 24977085 |
| bacterial findings in infected hip joint replacements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a study of 318 revisions for infection reported to the norwegian arthroplasty register. | high rates of staphylococcus aureus are reported in prosthetic joint infection (pji) in rheumatoid arthritis (ra). ra patients are considered to have a high risk of infection with bacteria of potentially oral or dental origin. one thousand four hundred forty-three revisions for infection were reported to the norwegian arthroplasty register (nar) from 1987 to 2007. for this study 269 infection episodes in 255 oa patients served as control group. in the nar we identified 49 infection episodes in 3 ... | 2012 | 24977078 |
| incidental renal botryomycosis in a nonfunctioning kidney. | botryomycosis is a unique form of bacterial infection, closely mimicking actinomycosis. the usual site of occurrence is the skin and renal botryomycosis is very rare. the most common organism is staphylococcus aureus which can be identified using gram stain and confirmed by culture. early and accurate diagnosis can ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy. we present a young lady diagnosed to have incidental botryomycosis of the kidney, following nephrectomy. | 2012 | 24533202 |
| complication of radiation therapy among patients with positive s. aureus culture from genital tract. | the main goal of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of positive staphylococcus aureus culture from the genital tract on patients receiving radiation therapy, suffering from carcinoma of the uterus. the other aim was to observe radiation therapy complications. | 2012 | 24377025 |
| cost comparison of linezolid versus vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infection caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in quebec. | in canada, complicated skin and skin-structure infection (csssi) caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is usually treated with antibiotics in hospital, with a follow-up course at home for stable patients. the cost implications of using intravenous and oral linezolid instead of intravenous vancomycin in canadian clinical practice have not been examined. | 2012 | 24294273 |
| evaluation of the combined effects of stilbenoid from shorea gibbosa and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | the aim of this study is to determine the combined effects of stilbenoids from shorea gibbosa and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). a total of nine pure compounds, five stilbenoid dimers ε-viniferin, ampelopsin a, balanocarpol, laevifonol and diptoindonesin g and four stilbenoid trimers a-viniferin, johorenol a, ampelopsin e and vaticanol g were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against atcc 33591 and a hukm clinical isolate. minimum inhibitory con ... | 2012 | 24280704 |
| search for proteins in the liquid extract of edible mushroom, agaricusbisporus, and studying their antibacterial effects. | the edible mushrooms (basidomycetes) have high nutritional value, promote the immune system, and as a source of natural antimicrobial substances have been used to cure bacterial infections since ancient times.various kinds of proteins with several biological activities are produced by mushrooms. in this research, in order to evaluate antibacterial activity of edible mushrooms, we isolated proteins of agaricus bisporus and examined their effects on gr + and gr- bacteria. protein extract of the mu ... | 2012 | 24250435 |
| potential antibacterial targets in bacterial central metabolism. | the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria and their abilities for rapid evolution have pushed the need to explore alternative antibiotics less prone to drug resistance. in this study, we employed methicillin/multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) as a model bacterial system to initiate novel antibiotic development. an in silico identification of drug targets in mrsa 252 strain and mrsa mu50 strain respectively was described. the identified potential targets were classified according t ... | 2012 | 24151543 |
| angiotensin type 1a receptor signaling is not necessary for the production of reactive oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | background. although angiotensin ii (ang ii) has inflammatory effects, little is known about its role in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmls). to elucidate the role of ang ii in pmls ros production, we examined hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), one of the ros, and no production in at1a receptor knockout (at1ko) mice. methods and results. pmls were analyzed from ang ii type 1a receptor knockout mice (at1ko) and c57bl/6 wild type mice. using flow cytometry, we studied hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) production fr ... | 2012 | 24049645 |
| umbilical myiasis associated with staphylococcus aureus sepsis in a neonate. | myiasis is an infection of live mammalian tissue by the larvae of dipteran flies and commonly found in the tropics and subtropics. it usually infects domestic and wild animals, but sometimes also affects human. umbilical cord myiasis in the neonatal period associated with sepsis is a rare occurrence with few reported cases in the literature. in this article, authors report a 7-day-old neonate from a rural area presented with neonatal sepsis due to umbilical myiasis caused by fly larval form of b ... | 2012 | 24027685 |
| rapid detection of live methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by using an integrated microfluidic system capable of ethidium monoazide pre-treatment and molecular diagnosis. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a bacterium resistant to all existing penicillin and lactam-based antimicrobial drugs and, therefore, has become one of the most prevalent antibiotic-resistant pathogens found in hospitals. the multi-drug resistant characteristics of mrsa make it challenging to clinically treat infected patients. therefore, early diagnosis of mrsa has become a public-health priority worldwide. conventionally, cell-culture based methodology and microscopic ide ... | 2012 | 24019858 |
| a case of rheumatoid arthritis improved from steinbrocker classification class iv to class ii after multi-joint surgery. | we report the case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) who showed a reduction in disease severity (from class iv to class ii) after multi-joint surgery. the patient was a 61-year-old man with a history of ra, type-2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and nephrotic syndrome. he had been undergoing treatment for ra for the past 10 years, but his condition could not be appropriately controlled. in addition to generalized edema, marked destruction of the left elbow joint and kn ... | 2012 | 23823018 |
| nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and candida species in immunocompetent individuals. | the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and candida species in samples of nasal mucosa from 100 immunocompetent subjects of both sexes, aged 18-70 years, during stomatological clinical examination. samples were taken from the mucosa of both nasal fossae using sterile swabs. samples were observed fresh, stained with gram and giemsa, and cultured on selective differential media at 37 degrees c to isolate and identify the selected microorganisms; conventional bi ... | 2012 | 23798081 |
| genetic characterization of methicillin resistant and sensitive, vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different iranian hospitals. | background. global concerns have been raised due to upward trend of vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus (visa) and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa) reports which mean casting doubt on the absolute effectiveness of the last line of antibiotic treatment for s. aureus, vancomycin. hence, epidemiological evaluation can improve global health care policies. methodology. 171 isolates of staphylococcus aureus were collected from different types of clinical samples in selected ... | 2012 | 23762750 |
| genetic determinants of methicillin resistance and virulence among staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from clinical and surveillance cultures in a brazilian teaching hospital. | aims. to quantify the presence of sccmec types and virulence genes among staphylococcus aureus colonizing and infecting patients from a teaching hospital. methods. we analyzed 225 and 84 s. aureus isolates recovered from surveillance and clinical cultures, respectively. strains were studied for the presence and type of sccmec, as well as for several virulence genes. univariate and multivariable analysis were performed in order to identify predictors of invasiveness (defined as isolation from cli ... | 2012 | 23724335 |
| [monitoring of side effects and estimation of cycloferon efficacy in treatment of children with frequent and prolonged diseases]. | two hundred fifty patients, including 100 children with frequent and prolonged diseases at the age of 4 to 7 years, 76 children at the age of 7 to 18 years and 74 subjects at the age of 22 to 57 years were observed. the patients were treated with cycloferon in two courses with a 2-week interval according to the standard scheme. the tonsil surface microflora and its susceptibility to antibiotics were determined. cycloferon lowered the staphylococcus aureus titre and increased the culture suscepti ... | 2012 | 23700934 |
| mechanical properties and elution characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement impregnated with antibiotics for various surface area and volume constructs. | numerous studies have examined the elution characteristics and the effects of antibiotics from bone cement. this study seeks to determine the effect that surface area and volume have on the elution characteristics and bioavailability of tobramycin and vancomycin when mixed in polymethylmethacralate (pmma) bone cement in various combinations. it also investigates the mechanical properties of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement and its relationship to surface area and volume. | 2012 | 23576930 |
| neonatal parotid gland enlargement: is it suppurative parotitis? a case report. | acute suppurative parotitis (asp) is a rare finding in the neonate. it is commonly caused by s. aureus but other bacterial isolates may be emerging. effective treatment includes prompt diagnosis, parenteral antibiotics and supportive measures such as rehydration and bimanual gland massage. | 2012 | 23569484 |
| [staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, evolution and genetic lines of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus]. | methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is the main pathogen of hospital- and community-associated infections. methicillin resistance is due to meca gene located in a mobile complex element, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (sccmec). the structure of the staphylococcal cassettes is diverse. at present eleven types of the cassettes are described. types i-iv sccmec are always associated with epidemiologically significant genetic lines of staphylococcus. thus, the pandemic hospital ... | 2012 | 23477219 |
| toward overcoming staphylococcus aureus aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms with a functionally designed neomycin analogue. | deoxygenation of the diol groups in rings a and d of neomycin in combination with the introduction of an n1-(l)-haba group in the 2-deoxystreptamine subunit (ring b) leads to a novel and potent antibiotic (1) with activity against strains of s. aureus carrying known aminoglycoside resistance determinants, as well as against an extended panel of methicillin-resistant s. aureus isolates (n = 50). antibiotic 1 displayed >64 fold improvement in mic50 and mic90 against this mrsa collection when compa ... | 2011 | 24900282 |
| incidence and risk factors of the secondary skin infections in patients with radiodermatitis. | the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of secondary infected radiodermatitis in patients receiving radiotherapy and to determine isolated microorganisms' resistance profiles to different antimicrobial agents. | 2011 | 25610188 |
| radiosynthesis of (99m)tc(co)3-clinafloxacin dithiocarbamate and its biological evaluation as a potential staphylococcus aureus infection radiotracer. | clinafloxacin dithiocarbamate (cnnd) was radiolabeled with technetium-99m ((99m)tc) using [(99m)tc(co)3(h2o)3](+) and assessed for its radiochemical stability in saline and serum, its in vitro binding with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and biodistribution in female nude mice (fnm) artificially infected with live and heat-killed mrsa. | 2011 | 24900014 |
| bd geneohm-mrsa assay for detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly in nasal and non-nasal swab specimens from haematologic patients. | infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are responsible for rising health care costs and have a high attribution to mortality. reliable and rapid detection of mrsa carriage is essential. real-time pcr allows an early detection of mrsa colonization within 2 h. by using the bd geneohm-mrsa assay we analysed directly swabs of different sampling sites and compared the assay with culture method. one thousand one hundred and sixty samples from 129 patients in magdeburg ... | 2011 | 24516736 |
| a diversity of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus spp. in a public transportation system. | our goal was to determine the diversity and abundance of staphylococcus bacteria on different components of a public transportation system in a mid-sized us city (portland, oregon) and to examine the level of drug resistance in these bacteria. | 2011 | 24159474 |
| comparison of teicoplanin disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis. | the clsi m100-s19 document has recommended the disuse of vancomycin disks for staphylococci and informed that studies on the action of teicoplanin in disk-diffusion testing should be performed. we describe the comparison of two methods, disk diffusion and broth microdilution, for determining teicoplanin susceptibility in clinical isolates of staphylococci. overall results showed an aggregation rate of 96.8%; staphylococcus aureus showed total agreement while s. epidermidis showed 93.8% of agreem ... | 2011 | 24031750 |
| evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of an ethanol extract of brazilian classified propolis on strains of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is one of the most frequent causes of hospital acquired infections. with the increase in multiple drug resistant strains, natural products such as propolis are a stratagem for new product discovery. the aims of this study were: to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of an ethanol extract of propolis; to define the mic50 and mic90 (minimal inhibitory concentration - mic) against 210 strains of s. aureus; to characterize a crude sample of propolis and th ... | 2011 | 24031749 |
| peptidoglycan from staphylococcus aureus induces the overexpression of trls 1-8 mrna in corneal fibroblasts, but its lipoteichoic acid and muramyl dipeptide only induced the overexpression of tlr5 or trl9. | lipopolysaccharide induces tlr-1-8 mrnas over-expression in corneal fibroblast. analyzing if other tlr-ligands can do the same, we found that peptidoglycan does, but not muramyldipeptide, lipoteichoic acid and polyi:c. this suggests that the recognition of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan is enough to alert these cells against microorganisms through the over-expression of the majority tlrs. | 2011 | 24031722 |
| acquired methemoglobinemia in infants. | this study aimed to determine the etiologic factors of acquired methemoglobinemia in infants younger than three months in our region. | 2011 | 27264127 |
| acute septic shock during pegylated-interferon and ribavirin therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis c who underwent aortic graft replacement. | we report an autopsied case of a 59-year-old woman with acute septic shock from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection during combination therapy with pegylated-interferon-α-2b (peg-ifnα-2b) and ribavirin. she underwent aortic graft replacement for the treatment of a dissecting aneurysm. we observed her latent infection closely for over a year following the operation. the clinical and laboratory examinations did not show any sign of infection. she then underwent peg-ifnα-2b ... | 2011 | 26189351 |
| iga-dominant staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis: case reports and review of the literature. | background and objectives. the mesangial deposition of iga is rarely described with proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with staphylococcus infection. recently, this association has been increasingly recognized possibly due to the increased rate of staphylococcus infection. design setting, participants and measurements. we report two cases of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus bacteremia associated with acute proliferative glomerulonephritis with dominant mesangial deposit of ig ... | 2011 | 25984152 |
| the use of bone cement for the localized, controlled release of the antibiotics vancomycin, linezolid, or fusidic acid: effect of additives on drug release rates and mechanical strength. | bone cement containing antibiotics is commonly used to treat orthopedic related infections. however, effective treatment (especially of resistant bacteria, methacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)) is compromised by very low levels of drug release so that typically less than 10% of loaded drug is released over a 6-week period. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporation of water soluble excipients (polyethylene glycol, sodium chloride, or dextran) into an ... | 2011 | 25788111 |
| culture and sensitivity pattern in patients with external ventricular drain infection. | external ventricular (evd) is a life saving procedure and involves insertion of a catheter in ventricular space to drain cerebrospinal fluid (csf). our objective of this study was to determine the culture and sensitivity (c/s) pattern in patients with evd infection. | 2014 | 24800360 |
| the hydrophobicity and roughness of a nasoenteral tube surface influences the adhesion of a multi-drug resistant strain of staphylococcus aureus. | in this study, we examined the physiochemical properties of nasoenteral feeding tubes made from two different types of polymer: silicone materials and polyurethane. the internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. we also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of s. aureus to these polymers. the polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophi ... | 2011 | 24031660 |
| new antimicrobial combinations: substituted chalcones- oxacillin against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus, the most virulent staphylococcus species, is also the prevalent pathogen isolated from hospitalized patients and the second most common from patients in outpatient settings. in general, bacteria have the genetic ability to transmit and acquire resistance to drugs, which are utilized as therapeutic agents. related studies of antimicrobial activity indicate that crude extracts containing flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids have showed significative activity against several ... | 2011 | 24031657 |
| design and synthesis of new peptidomimetics as potential inhibitors of mure. | with the continuing emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, there is an urgent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents. one possible source of new antibacterial targets is the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. the assembly of the peptide stem is carried out by four essential enzymes, known as the mur ligases (murc, d, e and f). we have designed and synthesised a focused library of compounds as potential inhibitors of udp-n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-d ... | 2011 | 24061949 |
| enhancement of the norfloxacin antibiotic activity by gaseous contact with the essential oil of croton zehntneri. | this is the first on the modulation of norfloxacin antibiotic activity by the volatile compounds of an essential oil. we report the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of croton zehntneri pax et hoffm (variety estragole), using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. the leaves of croton zehntneri pax et hoffm (euphorbiaceae) were subjected to hydrodistillation, and the essential oil extracted was examined with res ... | 2010 | 21264094 |
| screening emergency admissions for mrsa. | dinah gould's learning zone article on meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (january 5) is timely. categories of patients for routine screening must now include relevant emergency admissions (mrsa screening: operational guidance 3 - department of health 2010). | 2011 | 28086308 |
| the effectiveness of chlorhexidine bath in the prevention of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in the adult inpatient wards. a systematic review. | | 2011 | 27820108 |