| crystal structure of the enzyme capf of staphylococcus aureus reveals a unique architecture composed of two functional domains. | cp (capsular polysaccharide) is an important virulence factor during infections by the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. the enzyme capf is an attractive therapeutic candidate belonging to the biosynthetic route of cp of pathogenic strains of s. aureus. in the present study, we report two independent crystal structures of capf in an open form of the apoenzyme. capf is a homodimer displaying a characteristic dumb-bell-shaped architecture composed of two domains. the n-terminal domain (residues 1-2 ... | 2012 | 22320426 |
| genetic pathway in acquisition and loss of vancomycin resistance in a methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strain of clonal type usa300. | an isolate of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clone usa300 with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (sg-r) (i.e, vancomycin-intermediate s. aureus, visa) and its susceptible "parental" strain (sg-s) were recovered from a patient at the end and at the beginning of an unsuccessful vancomycin therapy. the visa phenotype was unstable in vitro generating a susceptible revertant strain (sg-rev). the availability of these 3 isogenic strains allowed us to explore genetic correlat ... | 2012 | 22319446 |
| cd66b overexpression and homotypic aggregation of human peripheral blood neutrophils after activation by a gram-positive stimulus. | neutrophils represent the main component of innate immunity in the clearance of bacterial infections. to pass the tissue and to localize and reach the site of infection, the peripheral blood neutrophils have to pass through a complex receptor-mediated interaction with the endothelial layer. under pathophysiological conditions, such as severe sepsis, this process is impaired and often characterized by neutrophil aggregation. in this study, we examined the impact of three different staphylococcus ... | 2012 | 22319104 |
| antibacterials as adjuncts to incision and drainage for adults with purulent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) skin infections. | the annual incidence of skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) has nearly tripled in the us since the early 1990s. many purulent sstis in the community setting are caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). incision and drainage (i&d) are indicated for most purulent mrsa infections; however, the use of adjunctive antibacterials is controversial. the objective of this study was to systematically evaluate studies that have investigated whether or not antibacterials provide adde ... | 2012 | 22316350 |
| the first nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in horses in sweden. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in animals is a rare finding in sweden. in horses, mrsa was first detected in a screening survey in 2007. in 2008, six clinical cases occurred in an equine hospital, indicating an outbreak. | 2012 | 22316072 |
| costs and benefits of rapid screening of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care units: a prospective multicenter study. | pre-emptive isolation of suspected methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) carriers is a cornerstone of successful mrsa control policies. implementation of such strategies is hampered when using conventional cultures with diagnostic delays of three to five days, as many non-carriers remain unnecessarily isolated. rapid diagnostic testing (rdt) reduces the amount of unnecessary isolation days, but costs and benefits have not been accurately determined in intensive care units (icus). | 2012 | 22314204 |
| universal methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) screening: comparison of anatomic screening sites for patients with high and low prevalence of mrsa carriage. | | 2012 | 22314076 |
| prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in jacksonville, florida. | to determine healthcare-associated infection (hai) prevalence in 9 hospitals in jacksonville, florida; to evaluate the performance of proxy indicators for hais; and to refine methodology in preparation for a multistate survey. | 2012 | 22314066 |
| a crossover trial of antimicrobial scrubs to reduce methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus burden on healthcare worker apparel. | the impact of antimicrobial scrubs on healthcare worker (hcw) bacterial burden is unknown. objective. to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial scrubs on hand and apparel bacterial burden. | 2012 | 22314064 |
| acute cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis: three clinical cases and a review of the current literature. | cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis (nf) is a rare condition that can quickly become life-threatening if appropriate treatment is delayed. this condition is observed as a rapidly progressive infection that causes extensive necrosis of the superficial fascia. this report presents a case of cervicofacial nf with microbiological isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a patient with a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus following a minor scalp trauma. the article also pres ... | 2012 | 22313983 |
| selection of antibiotics for meticillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius: time to revisit some old drugs? | the aim of this review is to consider systemic therapy options for meticillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius (mrsp). infections caused by mrsp in small animals--particularly dogs--have been frustrating veterinarians in recent years. after a susceptibility test is performed, veterinarians are left to select from drugs that have not been frequently encountered on a susceptibility report. some of these are old drugs that have not been used regularly by veterinary dermatologists. as mrsp ... | 2012 | 22313056 |
| reduced vancomycin susceptibility among clinical staphylococcus aureus isolates ('the mic creep'): implications for therapy. | methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) has emerged as the most common hospital-acquired pathogen and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with other strains. vancomycin has been the cornerstone of treatment of patients with serious mrsa infections for some decades and while more than 99% of clinical s. aureus isolates remain susceptible to vancomycin, we are beginning to see strains of mrsa with reduced susceptibility. this review discusses this phenomenon, the predictor ... | 2012 | 22312414 |
| activation of mitochondrial biogenesis by heme oxygenase-1-mediated nf-e2-related factor-2 induction rescues mice from lethal staphylococcus aureus sepsis. | mitochondrial damage is an important component of multiple organ failure syndrome, a highly lethal complication of severe sepsis that lacks specific therapy. mitochondrial quality control is regulated in part by the heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1; hmox1) system through the redox-regulated nf-e2-related factor-2 (nrf2) transcription factor, but its role in mitochondrial biogenesis in staphylococcus aureus sepsis is unknown. | 2012 | 22312014 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and endocarditis treated with ceftaroline salvage therapy. | one of the newest methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) antibiotics to receive fda approval is ceftaroline fosamil, a member of a new subclass of cephalosporins with unique activity against mrsa. however, ceftaroline is currently only fda approved for complicated skin/soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia; there are currently no clinical data regarding its use in mrsa bacteraemia and endocarditis. we report a series of six patients in which ceftaroline was utilized ... | 2012 | 22311935 |
| the increased risk of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in neck infections in young children. | an increase in the isolation rate of methicillin-resistant staphylooccus aureus (mrsa) in pediatric deep space neck infections including abscesses has been noted in recent years. a recent study by duggal et al. [9] analyzed the microbiology of deep neck space in children and identify the possible risk factors. patients younger than 16 months of age were 10 times more likely to have an s. aureus infection as compared to non s. aureus (p < .0001). mrsa comprised the majority of all s. aureus isola ... | 2012 | 22311666 |
| an approach to therapeutic agents through selective targeting of destabilised nucleic acid duplex sequences. | the binding of δδ/λλ-[{ru(phen)(2)}(2)(μ-bb(n))](4+) {where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bb(n) = 1,n-bis[4(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl)]-alkane (δδ/λλ-rubb(n))} to the non-self complementary oligonucleotide 5'-d(cgcgataagccgc·5'-gcggcattacgcg) (3-db) has been examined using a 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (dapi) displacement assay. the 3-db oligonucleotide contains two single adenine bulge nucleotides that are separated by three base pairs. (1)h nmr spectroscopy data demonstrated tha ... | 2012 | 22311066 |
| temporal shifts in the skin microbiome associated with disease flares and treatment in children with atopic dermatitis. | atopic dermatitis (ad) has long been associated with staphylococcus aureus skin colonization or infection and is typically managed with regimens that include antimicrobial therapies. however, the role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of ad is incompletely characterized. to assess the relationship between skin microbiota and disease progression, 16s ribosomal rna bacterial gene sequencing was performed on dna obtained directly from serial skin sampling of children with ad. the composi ... | 2012 | 22310478 |
| differences in management and mortality with a bronchoalveolar lavage-based diagnostic protocol for ventilator-associated pneumonia. | directed antibiotic therapy based on accurate bacteriology is critical to ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) treatment. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) has been reported to be more accurate than endotracheal sputum aspirate (esa) in vap diagnosis. our objective was to determine the frequency with which bal results differ from esa cultures and the outcomes of vap with a bal-based vap protocol. | 2012 | 22310133 |
| the lipoprotein components of the isd and hts transport systems are dispensable for acquisition of heme by staphylococcus aureus. | heme is a key molecule for staphylococcus aureus and is involved in many aspects of oxidative metabolism. crucially, heme is required for the activity of cytochromes of the electron transport chain. staphylococcus aureus is able to obtain heme either through biosynthesis or through acquisition from the host. clinically persistent 'small colony variant' (scv) forms of s. aureus are frequently deficient for heme biosynthesis, and disruption of the hemb gene produces stable heme-auxotrophic strains ... | 2012 | 22309509 |
| soluble cd163 promotes recognition, phagocytosis and killing of staphylococcus aureus via binding of specific fibronectin peptides. | cd163 is a multi-ligand scavenger receptor exclusively expressed by monocytes and macrophages, which is released after their activation during sepsis (scd163). the biological relevance of scd163, however, is not yet clear. we now demonstrate that scd163 exhibits direct antimicrobial effects by recognizing a specific subfragment ((6) f1(1) f2(2) f2(7) f1) of fibronectin (fn) bound to staphylococcal surface molecules. moreover, contact with staphylococci promotes scd163-shedding from monocyte surf ... | 2012 | 22309204 |
| virulence strategies of the dominant usa300 lineage of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa). | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) poses a serious threat to worldwide health. historically, mrsa clones have strictly been associated with hospital settings, and most hospital-associated mrsa (ha-mrsa) disease resulted from a limited number of virulent clones. recently, mrsa has spread into the community causing disease in otherwise healthy people with no discernible contact with healthcare environments. these community-associated mrsa clones (ca-mrsa) are phylogenetically disti ... | 2012 | 22309135 |
| [staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant community acquired neonatal orbital cellulitis]. | orbital cellulitis typically occurs in older children, but it can occasionally affect infants and neonates. staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen isolated. outcome depends on an adequate initial approach. we report three neonates with orbital cellulitis caused by community-associated mrsa. | 2012 | 22307432 |
| lipoteichoic acid from staphylococcus aureus induced expression of mmp-9 in human middle ear epithelial cells. | change in matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and regulation of their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timps) could play certain role in the pathogenesis of otitis media. this study was designed to evaluate the modulation of mmps and timps in middle ear epithelium by lipoteichoic acid (lta) isolated from staphylococcus aureus. | 2012 | 22305687 |
| lipase-sensitive polymeric triple-layered nanogel for "on-demand" drug delivery. | we report a new strategy for differential delivery of antimicrobials to bacterial infection sites with a lipase-sensitive polymeric triple-layered nanogel (tln) as the drug carrier. the tln was synthesized by a convenient arm-first procedure using an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, namely, monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone), to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of the difunctional monomer 3-oxapentane-1,5-diyl bis(ethylene phosphate). the hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolacto ... | 2012 | 22304702 |
| effects of jin-ying-tang on staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in rabbit. | the present study was performed to investigate the effects of jin-ying-tang (jyt), a chinese herbal formula containing lonicera japonica, herba taraxaci, fructus trichosanthis, fructus forsythia, radix et rhizoma rhei, astragalus membranaceus, angelica sinensis, on rabbit mastitis induced by staphylococcus aureus. suckling rabbits were challenged with 1.5 × 10(7) colony forming unit (cfu) of s. aureus at the base of the third pair teats, and they were treated and pretreated with jyt to detect th ... | 2012 | 22303901 |
| identification of genetic determinants and enzymes involved with the amidation of glutamic acid residues in the peptidoglycan of staphylococcus aureus. | the glutamic acid residues of the peptidoglycan of staphylococcus aureus and many other bacteria become amidated by an as yet unknown mechanism. in this communication we describe the identification, in the genome of s. aureus strain col, of two co-transcribed genes, murt and gatd, which are responsible for peptidoglycan amidation. murt and gatd have sequence similarity to substrate-binding domains in mur ligases (murt) and to the catalytic domain in cobb/cobq-like glutamine amidotransferases (ga ... | 2012 | 22303291 |
| constitutive production of catalytic antibodies to a staphylococcus aureus virulence factor and effect of infection. | antibodies that recognize microbial b lymphocyte superantigenic epitopes are produced constitutively with no requirement for adaptive immune maturation. we report cleavage of the staphylococcus aureus virulence factor extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (efb) by catalytic antibodies produced with no exposure to the bacterium and reduction of the catalytic antibody activity following infection. igg catalytic antibodies that specifically hydrolyzed efb via a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism w ... | 2012 | 22303018 |
| determinants of murein hydrolase targeting to cross-wall of staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. | cells of eukaryotic or prokaryotic origin express proteins with lysm domains that associate with the cell wall envelope of bacteria. the molecular properties that enable lysm domains to interact with microbial cell walls are not yet established. staphylococcus aureus, a spherical microbe, secretes two murein hydrolases with lysm domains, sle1 and lytn. we show here that the lysm domains of sle1 and lytn direct murein hydrolases to the staphylococcal envelope in the vicinity of the cross-wall, th ... | 2012 | 22303016 |
| the effect on peritoneal dialysis pathogens of changing topical antibiotic prophylaxis. | prophylactic gentamicin 0.1% cream has demonstrated efficacy in preventing both exit-site infection (esi) and peritonitis attributable to gram-positive and gram-negative organisms; however, the effect of this practice on the gentamicin susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from such infections is unknown. we therefore examined the effect of a change in our prophylactic topical antibiotic exit-site protocol (from mupirocin 2% cream to gentamicin 0.1% cream) on infection rates an ... | 2015 | 22302770 |
| peritonitis in recent years: clinical findings and predictors of treatment response of 170 episodes at a single brazilian center. | peritonitis continues to be a major cause of dropout in peritoneal dialysis (pd) patients. changes in the prevalence of peritonitis etiologies and an increase in the frequency of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and gram-negative species resistant to commonly used antibiotics have been reported. as a consequence, the current clinical presentation and patient outcome may differ from classical descriptions. the objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and ... | 2012 | 22302733 |
| contributing factors to surgical site infections. | surgical site infections (ssis) are the most common nosocomial infections. these complications lead to revision surgery, delayed wound healing, increased use of antibiotics, and increased length of hospital stay, all of which have a significant impact on patients and the cost of health care. such intraoperative factors as proper skin preparation, adherence to sterile technique, surgical duration, and traffic in the operating room contribute more to ssis than do patient-related risk factors such ... | 2012 | 22302447 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial fatty acids and derivatives against staphylococcus aureus. | fatty acids and derivatives (fads) are resources for natural antimicrobials. in order to screen for additional potent antimicrobial agents, the antimicrobial activities of fads against staphylococcus aureus were examined using a microplate assay. monoglycerides of fatty acids were the most potent class of fatty acids, among which monotridecanoin possessed the most potent antimicrobial activity. the conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) and comparative molecular field a ... | 2012 | 22302421 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin: minimum inhibitory concentration matters. | | 2012 | 22302375 |
| the clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | emerging data suggest that vancomycin may be less effective against serious methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values at the higher end of the susceptibility range. the purpose of this review is to examine the strength of these associations. | 2012 | 22302374 |
| methicillin resistance reduces the virulence of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by interfering with the agr quorum sensing system. | the difficulty in successfully treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has led to them being referred to as highly virulent or pathogenic. in our study of one of the major healthcare-associated mrsa (ha-mrsa) clones, we show that expression of the gene responsible for conferring methicillin resistance (meca) is also directly responsible for reducing the ability of ha-mrsa to secrete cytolytic toxins. we show that resistance to methicillin induces changes ... | 2012 | 22301683 |
| structure-activity relationships of novel alkylides: 3-o-arylalkyl clarithromycin derivatives with improved antibacterial activities. | a series of novel alkylides, possessing 3-o-arylalkyl group instead of 3-o-cladinose, were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activities. the increased potency clearly ranked by the order of 3-o-(3-aryl-2-propargyl), 3-o-(3-aryl-e-prop-2-enyl), 3-o-(3-aryl-propyl), and 3-o-(3-aryl-z-prop-1-enyl) groups. some alkylides, exemplified by 7a, 10a, 21, 22, 26, 27 and 33, showed improved activities against inducible mls(b) resistance and efflux resistance compared to the sec ... | 2012 | 22301216 |
| distinguishing colonization from infection with staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot ulcers with miniaturized oligonucleotide arrays: a french multicenter study. | to extend our previous work on evaluating the use of oligonucleotide arrays to discriminate colonization from infection owing to staphylococcus aureus in diabetic foot ulcers (dfus). | 2012 | 22301121 |
| livestock-associated mrsa prevalence in veal calf production is associated with farm hygiene, use of antimicrobials, and age of the calves. | livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (la-mrsa) is highly prevalent in pork and veal production chains. in this study, we used data from a cross-sectional survey on 2151 calves from 102 veal calf farms to identify potential risk factors, with the goal of reducing mrsa prevalence by developing intervention strategies. overall, calves from rose veal farms had a lower risk of la-mrsa carriage than calves from white veal farms. data were analysed separately for white and r ... | 2012 | 22300581 |
| panton-valentine leucocidin-producing staphylococcus aureus: redefining the significance of pyogenic skin infections. | | 2012 | 22300268 |
| modification of tio(2) nanotube surfaces by electro-spray deposition of amoxicillin combined with plga for bactericidal effects at surgical implantation sites. | to fabricate the antibiotic-releasing coatings on tio(2) nanotube surfaces for wide applications of implant and bone plate in medical and dental surgery, the optimal deposition time of amoxicillin/plga solution simultaneously performing non-toxicity and a high bactericidal effect for preventing early implant failures was found. | 2013 | 22299831 |
| mrsa contaminated venepuncture tourniquets in clinical practice. | meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) hospital-acquired infection is associated with increased patient mortality. national guidelines state that shared patient equipment must be cleaned after use. the authors sought to identify mrsa contamination in a sample of non-disposable venepuncture tourniquets and audit cleaning habits between patient contacts. | 2012 | 22298685 |
| isolation of staphylococcus aureus from environmental surfaces in an academic dental clinic. | staphylococcus aureus is an important health care-associated pathogen that often is resistant to antibiotics. the authors conducted a pilot study to determine if abiotic surfaces in a dental clinic were contaminated frequently. | 2012 | 22298558 |
| multiple keys for a single lock: the unusual structural plasticity of the nucleotidyltransferase (4')/kanamycin complex. | the most common mode of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is the enzyme-catalysed chemical modification of the drug. over the last two decades, significant efforts in medicinal chemistry have been focused on the design of non- inactivable antibiotics. unfortunately, this strategy has met with limited success on account of the remarkably wide substrate specificity of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. to understand the mechanisms behind substrate promiscuity, we have performed a c ... | 2012 | 22298309 |
| multipotent stem cells from trabecular meshwork become phagocytic tm cells. | to isolate and characterize stem cells from human trabecular meshwork (tm) and to investigate the potential of these stem cells to differentiate into tm cells. | 2012 | 22297497 |
| characterization of lipases from staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human facial sebaceous skin. | two staphylococcal lipases were obtained from staphylococcus epidermidis s2 and staphylococcus aureus s11 isolated from sebaceous areas on the skin of the human face. the molecular mass of both enzymes was estimated to be 45 kda by sds-page. s2 lipase displayed its highest activity in the hydrolysis of olive oil at 32 degrees c and ph 8, whereas s11 lipase showed optimal activity at 31 degrees c and ph 8.5. the s2 lipase showed the property of cold-adaptation, with activation energy of 6.52 kcal ... | 2012 | 22297223 |
| new production of 5-bromotoluhydroquinone and 4-o-methyltoluhydroquinone from the marine-derived fungus dothideomycete sp. | the addition of nabr to the fermentation medium of a marine isolate of the fungus dothideomycete sp. resulted in induced production of two toluhydroquinone derivatives, 5- bromotoluhydroquinone (1) and 4-o-methyltoluhydroquinone (2), and two known compounds, toluhydroquinone (3) and gentisyl alcohol (4). the structures of 1 and 2 were assigned through the spectroscopic data analyses. compounds 1-4 showed a potent antibacterial activity against the methicillinresistant and multidrug-resistant sta ... | 2012 | 22297222 |
| comparison of in vitro and in vivo systems to study ica-independent staphylococcus aureus biofilms. | the ability of staphylococcus aureus to form biofilms is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of central venous catheter-related bacteremia and infections associated with the use of medical prostheses. different methods have been described for assessing staphylococcal biofilms, but few comparative studies have been attempted to evaluate these techniques; especially related to ica-independent biofilm formation/accumulation. in this study we compared some in vitro and in vivo techniq ... | 2012 | 22296887 |
| [colonization management of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in patients and health professional in the haemodialysis unit in a situation of high risk of endemic disease: looking for zero nasal carriers?]. | to describe the dynamics of colonization by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) detected in the haemodialysis unit (uhd) of the hospital san pedro de alcantara of caceres due to the detection of catheter-associated infections. additionally, we attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive strategies introduced. | 2012 | 22296812 |
| staphylococcus aureus reactivation osteomyelitis after 75 years. | | 2012 | 22296093 |
| nafcillin-induced bullous skin eruption with granulocytopenia in a patient with end-stage renal disease. | nafcillin is an antibiotic used for infections due to penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. in general, the adverse reactions to nafcillin have not been frequent and serious. we report here a new type of adverse reaction to nafcillin in a patient with end-stage renal disease in whom nafcillin caused the unexpected complication of bullous drug eruption and subseqent neutropenia. three weeks after the start of intravenous nafcillin for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis peritonitis, the pa ... | 2012 | 22293804 |
| three-dimensional solution structure of bottromycin a2: a potent antibiotic active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the three-dimensional (3d) structure of bottromycin a(2), a natural anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and anti-vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) agent consisting of seven amino acids, has been investigated through nmr spectroscopy. on the basis of 57 experimental constraints, a total of 34 converged structures were obtained. the average pairwise atomic root mean square difference is 0.74±0.59 å for all heavy atoms. the resulting structure indicates an interesting featu ... | 2012 | 22293474 |
| evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and antimicrobial therapy for common emergency department infections. | infections are among the most common diagnoses in the emergency department (ed), and antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs. community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) are frequently encountered in the ed, and pneumonia is the seventh leading cause of death in the united states. cystitis, pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infection (uti) are often treated in the ed, with uti being one of the most common reasons for healthy young ... | 2012 | 22292348 |
| spread of epidemic mrsa-st5-iv clone encoding pvl as a major cause of community onset staphylococcal infections in argentinean children. | community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-(ca-mrsa) strains have emerged in argentina. we investigated the clinical and molecular evolution of community-onset mrsa infections (co-mrsa) in children of córdoba, argentina, 2005-2008. additionally, data from 2007 were compared with the epidemiology of these infections in other regions of the country. | 2012 | 22291965 |
| molecular typing and phenotype characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood in taiwan. | staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of severe infections such as bacteremia and sepsis. at present, 60-80% of s. aureus isolates from taiwan are methicillin resistant (mrsa). it has been shown that certain mrsa clones circulate worldwide. the goals of this study were to identify mrsa clones in taiwan and to correlate the molecular types of isolates with their phenotypes. | 2012 | 22291948 |
| the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 prevents systemic spread of staphylococcus aureus in a murine infection model. | the objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo activity of the lantibiotic lacticin 3147 against the luminescent staphylococcus aureus strain xen 29 using a murine model. female balb/c mice (7 weeks old, 17 g) were divided into groups (n = 5) and infected with the xen 29 strain via the intraperitoneal route at a dose of 1 × 10(6) cfu/animal. after 1.5 hr, the animals were treated subcutaneously with doses of phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; negative control) or lacticin 3147. luminesc ... | 2012 | 22291709 |
| staphylococcus aureus eye infections in two indian hospitals: emergence of st772 as a major clone. | the purpose of this study was to perform molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates causing a variety of eye infections from two major eye care hospitals in india. | 2012 | 22291460 |
| insights into structural network responsible for oligomerization and activity of bacterial virulence regulator caseinolytic protease p (clpp) protein. | the barrel-shaped caseinolytic protease p (clpp) is a main virulence regulator in the bacterial pathogen staphylococcus aureus (saclpp). it consists of two heptameric rings forming a homotetradecamer with an inner chamber that houses the 14 active sites. we recently showed that saclpp is able to adopt a compressed, inactive conformation. we present here the 2.3 å resolution structure of saclpp in its closed, active conformation as well as the structure of the s98a mutant. comprehensive mutationa ... | 2012 | 22291011 |
| an antibiotic that inhibits a late step in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis induces the cell wall stress stimulon in staphylococcus aureus. | wall teichoic acids (wtas) are phosphate-rich, sugar-based polymers attached to the cell walls of most gram-positive bacteria. in staphylococcus aureus, these anionic polymers regulate cell division, protect cells from osmotic stress, mediate host colonization, and mask enzymatically susceptible peptidoglycan bonds. although wtas are not required for survival in vitro, blocking the pathway at a late stage of synthesis is lethal. we recently discovered a novel antibiotic, targocil, that inhibits ... | 2012 | 22290958 |
| virulence-suppressing effects of linezolid on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: possible contribution to early defervescence. | in the present study, immunomodulatory effects of linezolid (lzd) on methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections were evaluated. we have retrospectively reviewed treatment effects of lzd on 52 patients with severe mrsa infections. sixty-four percent of the febrile patients demonstrated significant defervescence within 3 days, despite the presence of positive culture results. we speculated that this finding might be due to early anti-inflammatory effects of lzd, and to investig ... | 2012 | 22290944 |
| sensitive and rapid amperometric magnetoimmunosensor for the determination of staphylococcus aureus. | the preparation and characteristics of a disposable amperometric magnetoimmunosensor, based on the use of functionalized magnetic beads (mbs) and gold screen-printed electrodes (au/spes), for the specific detection and quantification of staphylococcal protein a (prota) and staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is reported. an antiprota antibody was immobilized onto prota-modified mbs, and a competitive immunoassay involving prota antigen labelled with hrp was performed. the resulting modified mbs we ... | 2012 | 22290389 |
| serum capacity to neutralize superantigens does not affect the outcome of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. | staphylococcal superantigens (sag) could play an important role in sepsis by activating numerous t cells. we investigated whether serum capacity to neutralize sags can be a prognostic factor in staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (sab). in a university hospital, 105 consecutive sab patients were enrolled during a 12-month period. the earliest serum samples prior to sab onset were stored for a later t cell proliferation assay. multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for 19 sag genes was performed ... | 2012 | 22290348 |
| spread of the epidemic european fusidic acid-resistant impetigo clone (eefic) in general practice patients in the south of the netherlands. | we evaluated the susceptibility to fusidic acid, mupirocin and retapamulin of staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal and wound swabs. | 2012 | 22290345 |
| does dual antibiotic prophylaxis better prevent surgical site infections in total joint arthroplasty? | it is unclear which antibiotic regimen provides the best prophylaxis against surgical site infection (ssi) in patients undergoing hip and knee surgery. | 2012 | 22290130 |
| gentamicin and bone morphogenic protein-2 (bmp-2)-delivering heparinized-titanium implant with enhanced antibacterial activity and osteointegration. | insufficient bonding of implants to bone tissues and bacterial infections lead to the failure of titanium (ti)-based orthopedic and dental implants. the aim of this study is to develop novel ti implants that enhance osteoblast functions, while simultaneously decreasing bacterial infections. first, the surface of pristine ti was functionalized with heparin-dopamine by mimicking a mussel adhesion mechanism. gentamicin sulfate (gs) and/or bone morphogenic protein-2 (bmp-2) was then sequentially imm ... | 2012 | 22289658 |
| temporal expression of staphylococcal enterotoxin h in comparison with accessory gene regulator-dependent and -independent enterotoxins. | using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) h was determined in 22 staphylococcus aureus isolates bearing the seh gene. samples of supernatants were taken at four time points corresponding to exponential phase (optical density at 600 nm [od(600)] 0.3 to 0.6), late exponential phase (od(600) 2 to 4), early stationary phase (od(600) 4 to 6), and late stationary phase (od(600) 7 to 12). in four isolates, seh was detectable at a very lo ... | 2012 | 22289583 |
| role of mixed ion channel effects in the cardiovascular safety assessment of the novel anti-mrsa fluoroquinolone jnj-q2. | jnj-q2, a novel broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus activity, was evaluated in a comprehensive set of non-clinical and clinical cardiovascular safety studies. the effect of jnj-q2 on different cardiovascular parameters was compared with that of moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin and ofloxacin. through comparisons with these well-known fluoroquinolones, the importance of effects on compensatory ion channels to the cardiovascular safety of jnj-q2 was invest ... | 2012 | 22289150 |
| reduced aeration affects the expression of the norb efflux pump of staphylococcus aureus by posttranslational modification of mgra. | we previously showed that at acid ph, the transcription of norb, encoding the norb efflux pump, increases due to a reduction in the phosphorylation level of mgra, which in turn leads to a reduction in bacterial killing by moxifloxacin, a substrate of the norb efflux pump. in this study, we demonstrated that reduced oxygen levels did not affect the transcript levels of mgra but modified the dimerization of the mgra protein, which remained mostly in its monomeric form. under reduced aeration, we a ... | 2012 | 22287526 |
| chimeric phage lysins act synergistically with lysostaphin to kill mastitis-causing staphylococcus aureus in murine mammary glands. | staphylococci cause bovine mastitis, with staphylococcus aureus being responsible for the majority of the mastitis-based losses to the dairy industry (up to $2 billion/annum). treatment is primarily with antibiotics, which are often ineffective and potentially contribute to resistance development. bacteriophage endolysins (peptidoglycan hydrolases) present a promising source of alternative antimicrobials. here we evaluated two fusion proteins consisting of the streptococcal λsa2 endolysin endope ... | 2012 | 22286996 |
| dry collection and culture methods for recovery of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains from indoor home environments. | staphylococcus aureus in home environments may serve as a reservoir for human colonization, making sampling of indoor surfaces relevant to exposure assessment. using laboratory experiments and application to homes of asthmatic children in barbados, we characterize microbiological methods adapted for settings with transportation delays between sampling and initiation of culture. | 2012 | 22286979 |
| [evaluation of four methods for detecting methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens at a regional hospital in mexico]. | to estimate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in clinical isolates and to compare different methods for detection of mrsa in a lab with limited available personnel and resources. | 2012 | 22286822 |
| identification of predominant snps as a novel method for genotyping bovine staphylococcus aureus isolates. | staphylococcus aureus is a formidable pathogen of both human and animal. infection often gives rise to an economic loss resulting from the extended cost of treatment and hospitalization for humans, and loss of usable agriculture animal products from infected animals and treatment regiments. we describe here a protocol for the amplification and sequencing of predominant single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of hla (encoding α-toxin) that confers a hyper-producing α-toxin phen ... | 2012 | 22286701 |
| comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effects of er:yag, diode, and co₂ lasers on titanium discs: an experimental study. | this study examined carbon dioxide (co(2); 10,600 nm), diode (808 nm), and erbium (er):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (yag; 2,940 nm) laser applications on staphylococcus aureus contaminated, sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface titanium discs and performed a comparative evaluation of the obtained bactericidal effects and the applicability of these effects in clinical practice. | 2012 | 22285338 |
| cd40 triggering induces strong cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to heat-killed staphylococcus aureus immunization in mice: a new vaccine strategy for staphylococcal mastitis. | staphylococcus (s.) aureus is a major pathogen involved in chronic bovine mastitis. staphylococcal mastitis is difficult to control due to the ability of s. aureus to invade and survive within host cells. we therefore postulated that induction of cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses leading to destruction of infected cells could help in the control of s. aureus mastitis. we demonstrate that immunization of mice with heat-killed s. aureus together with agonistic anti-cd40 monoclonal anti ... | 2012 | 22285272 |
| caco-2 cells cytotoxicity of nifuroxazide derivatives with potential activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | it is important to determine the toxicity of compounds and co-solvents that are used in cell monolayer permeability studies to increase confidence in the results obtained from these in vitro experiments. this study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of new nifuroxazide derivatives with potential activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in caco-2 cells to select analogues for further in vitro permeability analyses. in this study, nitrofurantoin and nifuroxazide, ... | 2012 | 22285235 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants in cystic fibrosis patients. | staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants (scvs) are being isolated more frequently in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. we aimed to determine the prevalence of s. aureus scvs and their phenotypic and genotypic properties in cf patients admitted to a university hospital. specimens of 248 patients were examined during a period of 11 months. colonies supposed to be scvs were evaluated on columbia blood agar, mannitol salt agar, and brain-heart infusion agar with 5% nacl (bhia 5% nacl). strains were ... | 2013 | 22284387 |
| staphylococcus aureus: an introduction. | | 2012 | 22282052 |
| short communication: pheromonicin-sa affects mrna expression of toll-like receptors, cytokines, and lactoferrin by staphylococcus aureus-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells. | pheromonicin-sa (ph-sa) is a newly developed, engineered multidomain peptide that has a bactericidal effect against staphylococcus aureus. the objective of this study was to characterize innate immune responses by staph. aureus-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmec) following treatment with ph-sa. primary bmec from one lactating holstein cow were isolated and exposed to staph. aureus for 2 h, and then treated with rifampicin or ph-sa. total rna was isolated from bmec at 0, 2, 6, 12, a ... | 2012 | 22281341 |
| effect of intramammary infection on milk electrical conductivity in murciano-granadina goats. | measurements of electrical conductivity (ec) of milk are used in mastitis detection in cows due to the low cost, possibility of automation, and rapid diagnosis, but the literature about ec measurement in goats is scarce. in this study, we studied the effect of the establishment of intramammary infection (imi) on ec of goat milk by gland using daily measurements. additionally, the effects on milk yield, somatic cell count (scc), and mineral content were analyzed. eight primiparous and 10 multipar ... | 2012 | 22281336 |
| structure-function analysis of the sapibov1 replication origin in staphylococcus aureus. | the sapis and their relatives are phage satellites and are unique among the known bacterial pathogenicity islands in their ability to replicate autonomously. they possess a phage-like replicon, which is organized as two sets of iterons arrayed symmetrically to flank an at-rich region that is driven to melt by the binding of a sapi-specific initiator (rep) to the flanking iterons. extensive deletion analysis has revealed that rep can bind to a single iteron, generating a simple shift in a gel mob ... | 2012 | 22281159 |
| therapeutic antimicrobial peptides may compromise natural immunity. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been proposed as a promising new class of antimicrobials despite warnings that therapeutic use could drive the evolution of pathogens resistant to our own immunity peptides. using experimental evolution, we demonstrate that staphylococcus aureus rapidly evolved resistance to pexiganan, a drug-candidate for diabetic leg ulcer infections. evolved resistance was costly in terms of impaired growth rate, but costs-of-resistance were completely ameliorated by compens ... | 2012 | 22279153 |
| staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin mediates virulence in a murine model of severe pneumonia through activation of the nlrp3 inflammasome. | staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that can cause necrotizing infections characterized by massive inflammatory responses and tissue destruction. staphylococcal α-hemolysin is an essential virulence factor in severe s. aureus pneumonia. it activates the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain containing 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome to induce production of interleukin-1β and programmed necrotic cell death. we sought to determine the role of α-hem ... | 2012 | 22279123 |
| raised herd somatic cell count due to staphylococcus aureus following the failure of an automatic teat spraying system. | this study describes the failure of a single jet exit race automatic teat spray (ats) system resulting in the spread of staphylococcus aureus infection in a 135-cow dairy herd, which showed an increased herd somatic cell count from 91,000/ml to 554,000/ml over a nine-month period. s aureus was isolated from 34 of 46 high cell count cows. the milking procedures were modified and manual teat spraying was restarted. bacteriology was used to identify s aureus positive high cell count cows, and first ... | 2012 | 22278636 |
| rapid confirmation of suspected methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonies on chromogenic agars by a new commercial pcr assay, the genomera mrsa/sa diagnose. | a new automated closed tube pcr assay, the genomera(™) mrsa/sa diagnose (abacus diagnostica oy, finland) was evaluated for rapid confirmation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) from cultured screening specimens. the ability of the assay to detect genotypically different mrsa strains was studied with a collection of 304 mrsa isolates covering 68 spa types. the specificity was investigated with a collection of 146 non-mrsa staphylococcus isolates. the usefulness of the assay for ... | 2012 | 22278292 |
| neonatal purpura fulminans due to methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. | neonatal purpura fulminans is rare and may be inherited or acquired. it may ultimately lead to multiorgan failure and death. purpura fulminans in a premature neonate resulting from staphylococcus aureus septicemia is illustrated. unfortunately, the baby succumbed to septicemia. | 2013 | 22276732 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections among hiv-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review of the literature. | despite the rise of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) among hiv-infected persons during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), the precise relationship between these two infections has not been fully elucidated. therefore, we provide a comprehensive, literature-based review of mrsa infections among hiv-infected persons. | 2012 | 22276696 |
| comparative activity of pradofloxacin and marbofloxacin against coagulase-positive staphylococci in a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model based on canine pharmacokinetics. | pradofloxacin (pra), a novel veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone (fq), is active against staphylococcus pseudintermedius, the primary cause of canine pyoderma. an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was used to compare the activities of pra and marbofloxacin (mar) against three clinical isolates of s. pseudintermedius and reference strain staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538. experiments were performed involving populations of 10(10) cfu corresponding to an inoculum density of approximately ... | 2012 | 22276681 |
| lc-ms/ms characterization of phospholipid content in daptomycin-susceptible and -resistant isolates of staphylococcus aureus with mutations in mprf. | daptomycin (dap) is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic used for the treatment of certain staphylococcus aureus infections. although rare, strains have been isolated that are dap resistant. these strains usually have mutations in mprf, a gene encoding a membrane protein with both lysylphosphatidylglycerol (lpg) synthase and flippase activities. because δmprf strains have increased dap susceptibility, the mechanism of resistance is not likely due to a loss of mprf function. in this study, we develope ... | 2012 | 22276671 |
| purification and activity testing of the full-length yycfghi proteins of staphylococcus aureus. | the yycfg two-component regulatory system (tcs) of staphylococcus aureus represents the only essential tcs that is almost ubiquitously distributed in gram-positive bacteria with a low g+c-content. yycg (walk/vick) is a sensor histidine-kinase and yycf (walr/vicr) is the cognate response regulator. both proteins play an important role in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope and mutations in these proteins have been involved in development of vancomycin and daptomycin resistance. | 2012 | 22276191 |
| a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of nemonoxacin (tg-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, in human plasma and urine and its application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy chinese volunteers. | nemonoxacin (tg-873870) is a novel c-8-methoxy nonfluorinated quinolone with higher activity than ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae with various resistant phenotypes. a rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (lc-ms/ms) method was developed and validated to determine the concentration of nemonoxacin in huma ... | 2012 | 22275159 |
| indole-3-acetaldehyde from rhodococcus sp. bfi 332 inhibits escherichia coli o157:h7 biofilm formation. | pathogenic biofilms have been associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents. to identify nontoxic biofilm inhibitors for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, the spent media of a 4,104 actinomycetes library was screened. the culture spent medium (1%, v/v) of plant pathogen rhodococcus sp. bfi 332 markedly inhibited e. coli o157:h7 biofilm formation without affecting the growth of planktonic e. coli o157:h7 cells. rhodococcus sp. bfi 332 produce ... | 2012 | 22274708 |
| the impact of tacrolimus on the immunopathogenesis of staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome and pneumonia. | staphylococcal superantigens (sag) are a family of potent exotoxins produced by staphylococcus aureus. they play an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal shock and pneumonia by causing a robust activation of the immune system and eliciting a strong surge in systemic cytokine and chemokine levels. given the biological functions of sag, we evaluated the efficacy of tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressive agent, in the prophylaxis and therapy of staphylococcal tss and pneumonia using ... | 2012 | 22273732 |
| risk factors for organ/space surgical site infection after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in 359 recent cases. | surgical site infections (ssis), particularly organ/space ssis, remain a common cause of major morbidity after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2013 | 22273719 |
| opposing roles of σb and σb-controlled spovg in the global regulation of esxa in staphylococcus aureus. | the production of virulence factors in staphylococcus aureus is tightly controlled by a complex web of interacting regulators. esxa is one of the virulence factors that are excreted by the specialized, type vii-like ess secretion system of s. aureus. the esxa gene is part of the σb-dependent spovg subregulon. however, the mode of action of spovg and its impact on other global regulators acting on esxa transcription is as yet unknown. | 2012 | 22272815 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the genus staphylococcus including staphylococcus aureus and its newly described sister species staphylococcus simiae. | staphylococcus belongs to the gram-positive low g + c content group of the firmicutes division of bacteria. staphylococcus aureus is an important human and veterinary pathogen that causes a broad spectrum of diseases, and has developed important multidrug resistant forms such as methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa). staphylococcus simiae was isolated from south american squirrel monkeys in 2000, and is a coagulase-negative bacterium, closely related, and possibly the sister group, to s. aureus ... | 2012 | 22272658 |
| protective role of d-amino acid oxidase against staphylococcus aureus infection. | d-amino acid oxidase (dao) is a hydrogen peroxide-generating enzyme that uses a d-amino acid as a substrate. we hypothesized that dao may protect against bacterial infection, because hydrogen peroxide is one of the most important molecules in the antibacterial defense systems in mammals. we show here that dao suppressed the growth of staphylococcus aureus in a manner that depended on the concentration of dao and d-amino acid in vitro. addition of catalase abolished the bacteriostatic activity of ... | 2012 | 22271930 |
| a novel antimicrobial lectin from eugenia malaccensis that stimulates cutaneous healing in mice model. | the present work reports the purification and partial characterization of an antibacterial lectin (emal) obtained from eugenia malaccensis seeds as well as the evaluation of its effect in the daily topical treatment of repairing process of cutaneous wounds in mice. | 2012 | 22271003 |
| changes in community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections presenting to the pediatric emergency department: comparing 2003 to 2008. | this study aimed to compare the differences in the type and location of skin infections, organisms cultured, and antibiotic resistance patterns presenting to the same pediatric emergency department from 2003 to 2008 with specific focus on community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infections. | 2012 | 22270497 |
| a hidden reservoir of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in patients newly admitted to an acute rehabilitation hospital. | to find hidden reservoirs of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) via active surveillance cultures for mrsa and vre in newly admitted patients. | 2012 | 22269450 |
| the iron-regulated surface proteins isda, isdb, and isdh are not required for heme iron utilization in staphylococcus aureus. | the iron-regulated surface determinant proteins (isd) of staphylococcus aureus are expressed during iron limitation and have been proposed to be involved in the scavenging of iron from heme. in this study, the genes encoding the surface proteins isda, isdb, and isdh were inactivated in order to determine their combined role. the triple mutant was found to have no defect in growth under any conditions of iron limitation tested. also using a mouse septic arthritis model of s. aureus systemic disea ... | 2012 | 22268825 |
| nisin f-loaded brushite bone cement prevented the growth of staphylococcus aureus in vivo. | to determine if nisin f-loaded self-setting brushite cement could control the growth of staphylococcus aureus in vivo. | 2012 | 22268790 |