| risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in hong kong. | the risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infection were not well understood. the objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ca-mrsa infection in hong kong. | 2012 | 22366206 |
| staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and mrsa (cc398) isolated from post-mortem samples from pigs. | there are many reports on the occurrence of livestock associated methicilline resistant staphylococcus aureus (la-mrsa, cc398) in healthy pigs. there are however, very few reports of la-mrsa being associated with pathological lesions in pigs. with this study we try to find the answers to the questions: (1) how often is s. aureus found in post-mortem material from pigs, (2) how many of these isolates are methicillin resistant, (3) are these equally distributed over the years? here we report the i ... | 2012 | 22366049 |
| spatial and temporal variation in indicator microbe sampling is influential in beach management decisions. | fecal indicator microbes, such as enterococci, are often used to assess potential health risks caused by pathogens at recreational beaches. microbe levels often vary based on collection time and sampling location. the primary goal of this study was to assess how spatial and temporal variations in sample collection, which are driven by environmental parameters, impact enterococci measurements and beach management decisions. a secondary goal was to assess whether enterococci levels can be predicti ... | 2012 | 22365370 |
| impedimetric detection of single-stranded pcr products derived from methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates. | using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) the sensitive and specific detection of the antibiotic resistance gene meca has been demonstrated. the gene sequence was obtained from clinical staphylococcus aureus isolates. initially a meca specific probe was selected from hybridisation tests with a 3' and 5' version of a previously published probe sequence. when immobilised on a gold electrode in pna form it was possible to detect hybridisation of meca pcr product electrochemically at concen ... | 2012 | 22365363 |
| manageable risk factors associated with the lactational incidence, elimination, and prevalence of staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in dairy cows. | staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections (imi) are a major cause of mastitis on farms worldwide. incidence and elimination rates are the key determinants of prevalence of staph. aureus, and risk factors associated with these rates must be identified, prioritized, and controlled to obtain long-term reduction in prevalence. the objectives of this study were to identify manageable risk factors associated with the lactational incidence, elimination, and prevalence of staph. aureus imi. a cohort ... | 2012 | 22365211 |
| invited review: mastitis in dairy heifers: nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. | heifer mastitis is a disease that potentially threatens production and udder health in the first and subsequent lactations. in general, coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) are the predominant cause of intramammary infection and subclinical mastitis in heifers around parturition, whereas staphylococcus aureus and environmental pathogens cause a minority of the cases. clinical heifer mastitis is typically caused by the major pathogens. the variation in proportions of causative pathogens between ... | 2012 | 22365187 |
| long-term survival curve of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on clinical contact surfaces in natural-like conditions. | we investigated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) survival on a noncritical environmental surface in real-life conditions (dental chair located in a box of a dentistry department, subjected to microclimate variations and presence of people) and with a plausible baseline inoculum (5-log colony-forming units) in contrast to survival that has been frequently tested in laboratory conditions and/or using high baseline levels. we tested 5 freshly isolated sporadic strains and observed ... | 2012 | 22364917 |
| too close for comfort: screening strategy to detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus conversion in exposed roommates. | all 899 roommates exposed to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) index cases were studied over 57 months. mrsa detection is better at approximately 3 days (50%-55%) or 7 days (56%) after contact has been broken than day 0 (30%). polymerase chain reaction testing at day 3 performs similarly to culture at day 7. nasal/rectal screening provides superior detection than nasal alone. those exposed >48 hours are at significantly greater risk of colonization. | 2012 | 22364916 |
| prevalence of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus pseudintermedius (mrsp) from skin and carriage sites of dogs after treatment of their meticillin-resistant or meticillin-sensitive staphylococcal pyoderma. | meticillin-resistant staphylococci are significant pathogens in veterinary dermatology, yet longitudinal studies of the impact of routine antimicrobial therapy on emergence or resolution of resistance are lacking. | 2012 | 22364707 |
| peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to staphylococcus aureus: a single-center experience over 15 years. | peritonitis caused by staphylococcus aureus is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (pd), which is associated with poor outcome and high pd failure rates. we reviewed the records of 62 s. aureus peritonitis episodes that occurred between 1996 and 2010 in the dialysis unit of a single university hospital and evaluated the host and bacterial factors influencing peritonitis outcome. peritonitis incidence was calculated for three subsequent 5-year periods and compared using a poisson regres ... | 2012 | 22363730 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st9 in pigs in thailand. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an important nosocomial and community-associated pathogen. recently, livestock-associated mrsa (la-mrsa) has emerged and disseminated in europe and north america and now constitutes a considerable zoonotic burden in humans with risk factors of pig exposure, whereas the extent of the livestock reservoir is relatively unknown on other continents. | 2012 | 22363594 |
| disease severity score could not predict the outcomes in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. | we aim to explore if disease severity score (dss) at onset is associated with dialysate white cell counts, the severity of causative organisms and the risk for treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-associated peritonitis in an adult pd cohort. | 2012 | 22362786 |
| identification of a novel protein synthesis inhibitor active against gram-positive bacteria. | in an effort to identify novel antibacterial chemotypes, we performed a whole-cell screen for inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus growth and pursued those compounds with previously uncharacterized antibacterial activity. this process resulted in the identification of a benzothiazolium salt, abtz-1, that displayed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogens. several clinically desirable qualities were demonstrated for abtz-1 including potent activity against multidrug-resistant ... | 2012 | 22362659 |
| suppurative sialadenitis in a neonate by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: do we need search and kill superbug strategy? | | 2012 | 22361778 |
| typing of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus: a technical review. | increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) worldwide is a growing public health concern. mrsa typing is an essential component of an effective surveillance system to describe epidemiological trends and infection control strategies. current challenges for mrsa typing are focused on selecting the most appropriate technique in terms of efficiency, reliability, ease of performance and cost involved. this review summarises the available information on application, pot ... | 2012 | 22361755 |
| deep venous thrombosis in children with musculoskeletal infections: the clinical evidence. | clinical manifestations of deep venous thrombosis (dvt) tend to overlap with those of deep-seated musculoskeletal infections (msis). consequently, the incidence of dvt as a complication of msi may be underestimated. the objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of msi-related dvt in children. | 2012 | 22361432 |
| intrinsic bacterial burden associated with intensive care unit hospital beds: effects of disinfection on population recovery and mitigation of potential infection risk. | commonly touched items are likely reservoirs from which patients, health care workers, and visitors may encounter and transfer microbes. a quantitative assessment was conducted of the risk represented by the intrinsic bacterial burden associated with bed rails in a medical intensive care unit (micu), and how disinfection might mitigate this risk. | 2012 | 22361357 |
| outbreak of a south west pacific clone panton-valentine leucocidin-positive meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a uk neonatal intensive care unit. | panton-valentine leucocidin-positive meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (pvl-mrsa) has become a globally common cause of community-acquired infections. | 2012 | 22361299 |
| antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of experimental light curing composites with alkali-substituted calcium phosphate fillers. | the antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of experimental light curing composites prepared with fillers made of mechanically activated alkali-substituted calcium phosphates like cakpo(4), canapo(4) or ca(2)kna(po(4))(2) were compared with a commercial silane-modified cristobalite filler. | 2012 | 22361044 |
| molecular epidemiologic analysis of staphylococcus aureus isolated from four burn centers. | staphylococcus aureus has been a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has emerged since 1980s as an epidemiologic problem in hospitals. this old pathogen brings a new challenge to all physicians and bacteriologists. hence, effective measures of mrsa control are in critical need. s. aureus or mrsa is one of the leading causes of infection among burn centers, resulting in a number of poor outcomes and even death. the present study performe ... | 2012 | 22360963 |
| staphylococcus aureus meningitis: barriers to treatment. | | 2012 | 22360718 |
| efficacy of gemifloxacin for the treatment of experimental staphylococcus aureus keratitis. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topically applied gemifloxacin for the treatment of experimental staphylococcus aureus keratitis in a rabbit model. | 2012 | 22360669 |
| phenotyping of staphylococcus aureus reveals a new virulent st398 lineage. | staphylococcus aureus sequence type (st)398, which is commonly found as a colonization strain in pig farming, is emerging more frequently as the cause of human infections. in this study, we analysed st398 of porcine and human origin at the genetic, protein and immunogenic levels. although genetic analysis of the genes encoding the major virulence factors revealed the presence of the same genes in all strains studied, the results demonstrated spa type crossing alterations in adhesion abilities in ... | 2013 | 22360315 |
| aureocin a70 production is disseminated amongst genetically unrelated staphylococcus aureus involved in bovine mastitis. | the main aim of this study was to analyse the genetic relationship amongst 46 staphylococcus aureus bac(+) strains isolated in brazil from 12 geographically distant dairy herds, including 34 isolates that produce the antimicrobial peptide aureocin a70. | 2012 | 22360305 |
| isolation and screening of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from health care workers in libyan hospitals. | this is the largest libyan study to date to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) among health care workers in tripoli, libya. a total of 569 doctors and nurses from 4 main hospitals were screened for mrsa with specimens collected from the anterior nares. isolates from 109 of the 569 subjects (19%) were confirmed as mrsa by polymerase chain reaction assay; the majority (98/109) were from a general hospital. antimicrobial ... | 2012 | 22360009 |
| pressure ulcers colonized by mrsa as a reservoir and risk for mrsa bacteremia in patients at a brazilian university hospital. | pressure ulcers (pu) are a major reservoir of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in hospitals. the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of mrsa colonization in pu of hospitalized patients with stage ii or higher pu, to identify risk factors for colonization of these wounds, and to ascertain whether mrsa colonization of pu increases the risk of mrsa bacteremia. | 2012 | 25876242 |
| bloodstream infections caused by resistant bacteria in surgical patients admitted to modilon hospital, madang. | in view of the dearth of information relating to antibiotic resistance in community- and hospital-acquired bacterial infections in papua new guinea (png), we carried out a prospective, hospital-based observational study of surgical patients between october 2008 and october 2009. in a sample of 115 patients (median age 30 years; 55% males) suspected of having a bloodstream infection, blood cultures were positive in 11 (10%) and a significant pathogen was isolated in 9 (8%). staphylococcus aureus ... | 2014 | 25338469 |
| predictors of staphylococcus aureus rectovaginal colonization in pregnant women and risk for maternal and neonatal infections. | staphylococcus aureus infections are increasing among pregnant and postpartum women and neonates, but risk factors for s. aureus colonization in pregnancy and the association between maternal colonization and infant infections are not well defined. we sought to identify risk factors for maternal s. aureus rectovaginal colonization and assess colonization as a risk factor for infections among mothers and infants. | 2012 | 23687569 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal patients in ilorin, nigeria. | to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteriology and sensitivity pattern in ilorin using the gold standard of urine culture. | 2012 | 22359722 |
| protease-armed bacteria in the skin. | the skin constitutes a formidable barrier against commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which permanently and transiently colonise the skin, respectively. commensal and pathogenic species inhabiting skin both express proteases. whereas proteases secreted by commensals contribute to homeostatic bacterial coexistence on skin, proteases from pathogenic bacteria are used as virulence factors, helping them colonise skin with breached integrity of the epithelial layer. from these initial sites of colonis ... | 2013 | 22358849 |
| phototoxic effect of curcumin on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and l929 fibroblasts. | photodynamic therapy has been investigated as an alternative method of killing pathogens in response to the multiantibiotic resistance problem. this study evaluated the photodynamic effect of curcumin on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) compared to susceptible s. aureus (mssa) and l929 fibroblasts. suspensions of mssa and mrsa were treated with different concentrations of curcumin and exposed to light-emitting diode (led). serial dilutions were obtained from each sample, and co ... | 2013 | 22358772 |
| prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus based on culture and pcr in inpatients at a tertiary care center in tokyo, japan. | we investigated active screening for colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) on admission and weekly follow-up surveillance after admission to a tertiary care center (tcc) between june 2007 and 31 december 2007. eleven percent (30/267) of patients were found to be positive for mrsa by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and/or culture on admission; 5% (12/267) became positive during the tcc stay. the major primary diagnoses in mrsa-positive patients were pneumonia and ce ... | 2012 | 22358543 |
| staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients: evidence for improved survival when compared with nontransplant patients. | staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (sab) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. herein, we describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of sab after solid organ transplantation (sot) and compare these features with non-sot controls. | 2012 | 22357175 |
| daptomycin: a review of properties, clinical use, drug delivery and resistance. | daptomycin is a branched cyclic anionic lipopeptide antibiotic that was discovered in the early 1980's but got the fda approval only in 2003. this novel pharmaceutical molecule has demonstrated great in vitro activity against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. daptomycin has a unique mechanism of action, not completely understood, involving a calcium-dependent dissipation of mem ... | 2012 | 22356191 |
| staphylococcus aureus induces eosinophil cell death mediated by α-hemolysin. | staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, exacerbates allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, nasal polyps and asthma, which are characterized by tissue eosinophilia. eosinophils, via their destructive granule contents, can cause significant tissue damage, resulting in inflammation and further recruitment of inflammatory cells. we hypothesised that the relationship between s. aureus and eosinophils may contribute to disease pathology. we found that supernatants from s. aureus (sh10 ... | 2012 | 22355374 |
| staphylococcus aureus cc398: host adaptation and emergence of methicillin resistance in livestock. | since its discovery in the early 2000s, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clonal complex 398 (cc398) has become a rapidly emerging cause of human infections, most often associated with livestock exposure. we applied whole-genome sequence typing to characterize a diverse collection of cc398 isolates (n = 89), including mrsa and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) from animals and humans spanning 19 countries and four continents. we identified 4,238 single nucleotide polymorp ... | 2012 | 22354957 |
| challenges for a universal staphylococcus aureus vaccine. | this review considers the reasons why the staphylococcal vaccine trials may have failed, based on new information about protective immunity against staphylococcus aureus. the clinical trials and future vaccine candidate antigens are reviewed. challenges facing the development of a universal s. aureus vaccine are also considered. the lack of a biomarker that is able to predict protection is a major stumbling block in the development of a staphylococcal vaccine. the major new information involves ... | 2012 | 22354924 |
| infective endocarditis prophylaxis: moving from dental prophylaxis to global prevention? | infective endocarditis (ie) is an infectious disease which mainly affects elderly patients. staphylococcus aureus is the main microorganism and ie, which used to be associated with a previously known heart disease, is now associated with healthcare procedures. for a long time, it was thought necessary to prevent ie with antibiotics before starting many invasive procedures. but in the last few years, there has been a change, with a drastic limitation on the situations in which antibiotic prophyla ... | 2012 | 22354523 |
| comparative in vivo efficacies of epithelial lining fluid exposures of tedizolid, linezolid, and vancomycin for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a mouse pneumonia model. | the antibacterial efficacies of tedizolid phosphate (tzd), linezolid, and vancomycin regimens simulating human exposures at the infection site against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) were compared in an in vivo mouse pneumonia model. immunocompetent balb/c mice were orally inoculated with one of three strains of mrsa and subsequently administered 20 mg/kg tzd every 24 hours (q24h), 120 mg/kg linezolid q12h, or 25 mg/kg vancomycin q12h over 24 h. these regimens produced epithel ... | 2012 | 22354302 |
| impact of extracellular nuclease production on the biofilm phenotype of staphylococcus aureus under in vitro and in vivo conditions. | recent studies suggest that extracellular dna promotes biofilm formation in staphylococcus aureus and, conversely, that extracellular nucleases limit the ability to form a biofilm. s. aureus produces at least two extracellular nucleases, and in the study described in this report, we examined the impact of each of these nucleases on biofilm formation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. our results demonstrate that both nucleases impact biofilm formation in the clinical isolate uams-1. und ... | 2012 | 22354028 |
| the staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin perturbs the barrier function in caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers by altering junctional integrity. | increased microvascular permeability is a hallmark of sepsis and septic shock. intestinal mucosal dysfunction may allow translocation of bacteria and their products, thereby promoting sepsis and inflammation. although staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin significantly contributes to sepsis and perturbs the endothelial barrier function, little is known about possible effects of s. aureus alpha-toxin on human epithelial barrier functions. we hypothesize that s. aureus alpha-toxin in the blood can imp ... | 2012 | 22354024 |
| screening and treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in children undergoing open airway surgery. | (1) to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization in children undergoing open airway surgery using a screening protocol; (2) to examine the rates of postoperative infection in this cohort; and (3) to determine adherence to a mrsa antibiotic protocol. | 2012 | 22351861 |
| alveolar diffusion and pharmacokinetics of linezolid administered in continuous infusion to critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. | this study aimed to determine the steady-state serum and alveolar concentrations of linezolid administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). | 2012 | 22351682 |
| skin metastasis in patient with hairy cell leukemia: case report and review of literature. | the reported case of hairy cell leukemia (hcl) refers to a 47-year-old man with pancytopenia, splenomegaly, a month and a half history of dyspnea on mild effort and in common daily activities and a purplish-brown cutaneous node on the back of the left hand at the time of hospital admission. bone marrow aspiration showed an infiltration by a lymphoproliferative malignancy and the following cytochemical studies on bone marrow sample led to diagnosis of hcl. the biopsy of the skin lesion revealed a ... | 2012 | 22351675 |
| the activity of 16 new hydantoin compounds on the intrinsic and overexpressed efflux pump system of staphylococcus aureus. | to evaluate a new series of 16 hydantoin derivatives for activity against the intrinsic and overexpressed efflux pumps of the attc 25923 staphylococcus aureus and the clinical staphylococcus aureus hpv-107 strain, respectively. | 2013 | 22351662 |
| autopsy cases of fulminant bacterial infection in adults: clinical onset depends on the virulence of bacteria and patient immune status. | to assist physicians in recognizing the potentially fatal onset of symptoms in cases of fulminant bacterial infection, we analyzed 11 autopsy cases of such infection (four caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, four by s. pyogenes, one by s. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, one by staphylococcus aureus, and one by vibrio vulnificus). clinicohistopathologic features were evaluated. all patients experienced sudden onset of hypotension and multiple organ failure, leading to unexpected death. blood cul ... | 2012 | 22350403 |
| the emerging st8 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clone in the community in japan: associated infections, genetic diversity, and comparative genomics. | community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) has become a major concern worldwide. in the united states, st8 ca-mrsa with sccmeciva (usa300) has been predominant, affecting the entire united states. in this study, we investigated japanese st8 ca-mrsa with new sccmecivl (designated st8 ca-mrsa/j), which has emerged in japan since 2003. regarding community spread and infections, st8 ca-mrsa/j spread in 16.2-34.4% as a major genotype in the community in japan, and was as ... | 2012 | 22350401 |
| characteristics of bloodstream infections in burn patients: an 11-year retrospective study. | the principal aim of this study was to describe infection related characteristics of blood stream infections (bsi) in patients with burns. we sought to determine the organisms that caused bsi and factors that could predict the outcome of bsi. | 2012 | 22348799 |
| increased prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in household contacts of children with community acquired disease. | to measure methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal colonization prevalence in household contacts of children with current community associated (ca)-mrsa infections (study group) in comparison with a group of household contacts of children without suspected staphylococcus aureus infection (a control group). | 2012 | 22348549 |
| bacterial skin flora and contamination of blood components: do we defer blood donors wisely? | bacterial infection through contaminated blood is currently the greatest infection risk in relation to a transfusion. deferral of prospective blood donors with a skin disorder is a common practise, because bacteria usually originate from the donor's skin. the effectiveness of current deferral guidelines to prevent the bacterial contamination of blood has not been assessed. | 2012 | 22348231 |
| toward new therapeutics for skin and soft tissue infections: propargyl-linked antifolates are potent inhibitors of mrsa and streptococcus pyogenes. | hospital- and community-acquired, complicated skin and soft tissue infections, often attributed to staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes, present a significant health burden that is associated with increased health care costs and mortality. as these two species are difficult to discern on diagnosis and are associated with differential profiles of drug resistance, the development of an efficacious antibacterial agent that targets both organisms is a high priority. herein we describe a ... | 2012 | 22347365 |
| outcome of endophthalmitis treatment in a tertiary referral center in southern iran. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the causative organisms, the clinical characteristics, visual outcomes, and the incidence of acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. | 2012 | 22346124 |
| identification of conserved antigens from staphylococcal and streptococcal pathogens. | the design of vaccines containing epitopes shared between different human pathogens may lead to cross-species protection. in order to identify potentially conserved bacterial antigens, bacteriophage expression libraries of genomic dna from streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes were probed with human sera from staphylococcus aureus-infected and healthy individuals. by comparison with previous screening data from staphylococcus epidermidis and staph. aureus, ... | 2012 | 22345598 |
| vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa) from nepal: a cocktail story. | | 2013 | 22344025 |
| vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in nepal: an impending crisis? | | 2013 | 22344024 |
| microbial contamination in open globe injury. | endophthalmitis is the most dreaded complication of ocular trauma and knowledge of the microbial contaminants is essential to start empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2012 | 22344003 |
| systemic antibiotic treatment of skin, skin structure, and soft tissue infections in the outpatient setting. | the unnecessary use of systemic antimicrobial agents can be reduced with more careful consideration when treating patients with skin, skin structure, and deep soft tissue infections. improved prescribing habits will reduce potential adverse events for patients and help fight against the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria especially in the era of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | 2012 | 22343601 |
| is hand-rub consumption correlated with hand hygiene and rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe)-acquired infections? | a retrospective investigation was conducted to determine whether the consumption of alcohol-based hand rub (abhr) used was correlated with the incidence of acquired nosocomial infection due to meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus or to extended-spectrum beta lactamase (esbl)-producing strains. between 2005 and 2008, the use of abhrs increased significantly by 8 l per 1000 patient-days of hospitalization per year. during the same period, adherence to hand hygiene increased significantly fro ... | 2012 | 22342713 |
| staphylococcus aureus proteins differentially recognized by the ovine immune response in mastitis or nasal carriage. | staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen in dairy ruminants where it is found in healthy carriage and can be a major cause of mastitis. a better knowledge of the host-pathogen interactions is needed to tackle this serious animal health problem. this study aimed at identifying s. aureus proteins differentially expressed by s. aureus in nasal colonization versus mastitis. serological proteome analysis (serpa) was used to examine protein samples prepared from culture supernatants of s. au ... | 2012 | 22342493 |
| nosocomial bloodstream infection in patients caused by staphylococcus aureus: drug susceptibility, outcome, and risk factors for hospital mortality. | previous studies have different viewpoints about the clinical impact of methicillin resistance on mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (bsi) patients with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). the objective of this study was to investigate the mortality of hospital-acquired bsi with s. aureus in a military hospital and analyze the risk factors for the hospital mortality. | 2012 | 22340550 |
| pharmacokinetics and administration method of gentamicin in a patient on haemodialysis. | we investigated the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in a haemodialysis patient treated for endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and found that the administration of gentamicin immediately prior to dialysis was a suitable strategy for reaching target maximum drug concentration (cmax) values and low trough levels. | 2012 | 22339591 |
| a coagulase- and α-glucosidase-negative variant of staphylococcus aureus: a challenge for routine microbiological diagnostics. | | 2012 | 22337984 |
| analysis of pathogen and host factors related to clinical outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia. to characterize pathogen-derived and host-related factors in intensive care unit (icu) patients with mrsa pneumonia, we evaluated the improving medicine through pathway assessment of critical therapy in hospital-acquired pneumonia (impact-hap) database. we performed multivariate regression analyses of 28-day mortality and clinical response using univariate analysis variables at a p level of <0.25. in iso ... | 2012 | 22337980 |
| colonization with vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus strains containing the vana resistance gene in a tertiary-care center in north india. | a nasal carriage survey for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in an intensive care unit detected four strains of mrsa with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. the vana gene was found in two of these vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus (visa) strains. the absence of selective vancomycin pressure might have resulted in reduced expression of the resistant gene. | 2012 | 22337975 |
| genetic susceptibility to s. aureus mastitis in sheep: differential expression of mammary epithelial cells in response to live bacteria or supernatant. | staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent pathogen for mastitis in dairy ruminants and is responsible for both clinical and subclinical mastitis. mammary epithelial cells (mec) represent not only a physical barrier against bacterial invasion but are also active players of the innate immune response permitting infection clearance. to decipher their functions in general and in animals showing different levels of genetic predisposition to staphylococcus in particular, mec from ewes undergoing a divergen ... | 2012 | 22337903 |
| a multilevel model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus acquisition within the hierarchy of an australian tertiary hospital. | hospitals without universal single room accommodations typically contain multibed cubicles within wards. in this study, we examined whether the variation in a patient's risk for acquiring methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in a major tertiary hospital was greatest at the bed, cubicle, or ward level, and quantified the risk of mrsa acquisition associated with exposure to mrsa-colonized/infected patients within the same bed, cubicle, and ward at differently distributed lag times. n ... | 2012 | 22336109 |
| modelling interrupted time series to evaluate prevention and control of infection in healthcare. | the most common methods for evaluating interventions to reduce the rate of new staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections in hospitals use segmented regression or interrupted time-series analysis. we describe approaches to evaluating interventions introduced in different healthcare units at different times. we compare fitting a segmented poisson regression in each hospital unit with pooling the individual estimates by inverse variance. an extension of this approach to accommodate potential heteroge ... | 2012 | 22335933 |
| fructose-enhanced reduction of bacterial growth on nanorough surfaces. | patients on mechanical ventilators for extended periods of time often face the risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. during the ventilation process, patients incapable of breathing are intubated with polyvinyl chloride (pvc) endotracheal tubes (etts). pvc etts provide surfaces where bacteria can attach and proliferate from the contaminated oropharyngeal space to the sterile bronchoalveolar area. to overcome this problem, etts can be coated with antimicrobial agents. however, such c ... | 2012 | 22334783 |
| prevalence of antiseptic resistance genes qaca/b and specific sequence types of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the era of hand hygiene. | | 2012 | 22334609 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st9 from a case of bovine mastitis carries the genes cfr and erm(a) on a small plasmid. | | 2012 | 22334606 |
| activity of sitafloxacin against extracellular and intracellular staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo: comparison with levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. | antibiotic activity can differ depending on whether the bacterial target is extracellular or intracellular. to determine extracellular and intracellular activities of sitafloxacin (stx) against staphylococcus aureus in comparison with levofloxacin (lvx) and moxifloxacin (mxf) in vivo and in vitro, three s. aureus strains (atcc25923, 29213, 43300) were evaluated. mic, mbc and mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of the test quinolone for s. aureus were determined by microdilution in broth, and i ... | 2012 | 22334239 |
| anesthetic propofol causes glycogen synthase kinase-3β-regulated lysosomal/mitochondrial apoptosis in macrophages. | overdose propofol treatment with a prolong time causes injury to multiple cell types; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. activation of glycogen synthase kinase (gsk)-3β is proapoptotic under death stimuli. the authors therefore hypothesize that propofol overdose induces macrophage apoptosis through gsk-3β. | 2012 | 22334036 |
| species and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (sccmec) diversity among methicillin-resistant non-staphylococcus aureus staphylococci isolated from pigs. | while methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) st398 is known to be widespread in pig farms, few studies have investigated the species diversity and sccmec types of methicillin-resistant non-s. aureus staphylococci (mrnas) residing in the nose of pigs. we examined nasal swab samples of 200 pigs originating from 10 belgian pig farms previously found positive for mrsa st398. suspected staphylococcal isolates were subjected to a 16s rrna-meca-nuc pcr. confirmed mrnas were genotypically id ... | 2012 | 22333287 |
| complement regulator c4bp binds to staphylococcus aureus and decreases opsonization. | staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of human skin and soft-tissue infections as well as invasive infections like post-operative wound infections, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. the complement system plays an important role in the immunological control of many bacteria, but can be inhibited by a variety of strategies including recruitment of complement regulatory proteins like c4b-binding protein (c4bp). these experiments demonstrate that s. aureus opsonization with c4b occurs rapidly ... | 2012 | 22333221 |
| risk factors for nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among patients with end-stage renal disease in taiwan. | patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) are at particular risk for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections, especially via nasal colonization of mrsa. surveillance cultures are recommended to identify patients colonized by mrsa. | 2012 | 22333007 |
| differential effects of planktonic and biofilm mrsa on human fibroblasts. | bacteria colonizing chronic wounds often exist as biofilms, yet their role in chronic wound pathogenesis remains unclear. staphylococcus aureus biofilms induce apoptosis in dermal keratinocytes, and given that chronic wound biofilms also colonize dermal tissue, it is important to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on dermal fibroblasts. the effects of a predominant wound pathogen, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, on normal, human, dermal fibroblasts were examined in vitro. cell-cultur ... | 2017 | 22332802 |
| characteristics and distribution of plasmids in a clonally diverse set of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. | the aim of this study was to compare the plasmid contents of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains classified into different clonal clusters (ccs). the isolates were collected from 15 czech hospitals in 2000-2008. plasmid dna was detected in 65 (89%) strains, and 33 of them harbored more than one plasmid type. altogether 24 different types of plasmids were identified, ranging in size from 1.3 to 55 kb. restriction endonuclease analysis, plasmid elimination, dna hybridization ... | 2012 | 22331232 |
| redesign of glycopeptide antibiotics: back to the future. | the glycopeptide antibiotics are the most important class of drugs used in the treatment of resistant bacterial infections including those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). after more than 50 years of clinical use, the emergence of glycopeptide-resistant gram-positive pathogens such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa) presents a serious global challenge to public health at a time few new antibiotics are being ... | 2012 | 22330049 |
| the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in pediatric wound cultures: a 10-year experience. | | 2013 | 22330046 |
| cross-talk between staphylococcus aureus leukocidins-intoxicated macrophages and lung epithelial cells triggers chemokine secretion in an inflammasome-dependent manner. | staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. central to its virulence is its ability to secrete haemolysins, pore-forming toxins and cytolytic peptides. the large number of membrane-damaging toxins and peptides produced during s. aureus infections has hindered a precise understanding of their specific roles in diseases. here, we used comprehensive libraries of recombinant toxins and synthetic cytolytic peptides, of s. aureus mutants ... | 2012 | 22329718 |
| antibacterial effect of plasma rich in growth factors (prgf®-endoret®) against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis strains. | formulations containing plasma rich in growth factors (prgf) are opening new avenues in the field of regenerative medicine. | 2012 | 22329713 |
| beaded necklace-like image observed by real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiograhy as evidence of bacterial vegetations in a dialysis catheter. | we present images observed in a patient with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia from a hemodyalisis catheter and demonstrate the superiority of real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (rt3d-tee) over 2d-tee at identifying catheter-associated infected vegetations. other studies have reported rt3d-tee as an improved modality to identify and characterize intracardiac structures. however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports describing the speci ... | 2012 | 22329689 |
| usefulness of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in particular clinical settings: a case of aorto-cavitary fistula in periprosthetic aortic valve abscess. | prosthetic valve endocarditis (pve) due to staphylococcus aureus is associated with high morbidity and mortality. paravalvular abscess formation is a common complication of pve at the aortic position, but fistula formation is rarely seen. the transesophageal echocardiography is the "gold-standard" exam to detect pve. we present a case of a 69-year-old patient with prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis, paravalvular abscess, and fistula in right atrium, where the diagnosis was made with three-dime ... | 2012 | 22329527 |
| complete genome sequence of staphylococcus aureus m013, a pvl-positive, st59-sccmec type v strain isolated in taiwan. | we report the complete genome sequence of m013, a representative strain of a pvl-positive, sequence type 59-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type v (st59-sccmec type v) community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) clone in taiwan. comparison of m013 with the genomes of two ca-mrsa strains in the united states revealed major differences in the regions covering several genomic islands and prophages. | 2012 | 22328755 |
| vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis? | the increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has resulted in a reevaluation of the role of vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. two systematic reviews of randomized control studies have concluded that cephalosporins are as effective as vancomycin for the prevention of surgical site infections (ssis). however, most of these studies were conducted more than 10 years ago and cannot be generalized to the current rates of mrsa. several time-series analyses have rece ... | 2012 | 22328468 |
| an exclusion list based label-free proteome quantification approach using an ltq orbitrap. | label-based mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for large-scale protein identification and quantification. however, it requires the chemical or metabolic incorporation of the labeled compound(s) which can be difficult to attain, e.g. for non-cultivable organisms or scarce sample, such as biopsies. therefore, we set out to develop and validate an efficient label-free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms) workflow based on optimized instrument settings and incremental exclusio ... | 2012 | 22328225 |
| the role of panton-valentine leukocidin in staphylococcus aureus musculoskeletal infections in children. | infections caused by panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl)-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus have been reported with increasing frequency. however, the role of pvl in the pathogenesis of invasive staphylococcal infection is controversial. it is interesting to note that the role played by pvl may depend on the site of infection; although an association between pvl and severity has been reported in lung and bone infection, this is not the case for skin and soft tissue infection. a number of r ... | 2012 | 22327874 |
| panton-valentine leukocidin staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis of the femur in a saudi child. | staphylococcus aureus producing panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) is well recognized to cause severe skin and soft tissue infections. recently, it has been increasingly recognized as causing life-threatening musculoskeletal infection. we reported previously 3 children who had osteomyelitis caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. we report and discuss a case of methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus encoding the pvl genes isolated from a child with acute osteomyelitis from sau ... | 2012 | 22327764 |
| staphylococcus aureus virulence is enhanced by secreted factors that block innate immune defenses. | staphylococcus aureus is a leading human pathogen that causes a large variety of diseases. in vitro studies have shown that s. aureus secretes several small proteins that block specific elements of the host innate immune system, but their role in bacterial pathogenicity is unknown. for instance, the extracellular complement-binding protein (ecb) impairs complement activation by binding to the c3d domain of c3. its homolog, the extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (efb), is known to block bot ... | 2012 | 22327617 |
| genotypes, exotoxin gene content, and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococcus aureus strains recovered from foods and food handlers. | staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most common food-borne diseases, results from ingestion of one or more staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses) produced by staphylococcus aureus in foods. in the present study, 64 s. aureus isolates recovered from foods and food handlers, associated or not associated with food-poisoning outbreaks in spain, were investigated. they were assigned to 31 strains by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), exotoxin gene content, and antimicrobial resistance. t ... | 2012 | 22327598 |
| immunization with staphylococcus aureus iron regulated surface determinant b (isdb) confers protection via th17/il17 pathway in a murine sepsis model. | we have previously shown that isdb, a conserved protein expressed by staphylococcus aureus, induces a robust antibody response which correlates with protection in a murine challenge model. here we investigate the role of cellular immunity in isdb mediated protection using lymphocyte deficient scid mice. as opposed to wt cb-17 mice the cb-17 scid mice were not protected against a lethal challenge of s. aureus after active and passive immunizations with isdb. adoptive transfer of in vitro isolated ... | 2012 | 22327491 |
| should the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus carriage status be used as a guide to treatment for skin and soft tissue infections? | previous skin carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) leads frequently to empiric antibiotic mrsa coverage for skin & soft tissue infections. | 2012 | 22327191 |
| a negative nares screen in combination with absence of clinical risk factors can be used to identify patients with very low likelihood of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a veterans affairs hospital. | screening for nares carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) could be used to identify patients at reduced risk for mrsa infection. however, recent studies suggest that negative results of nares surveillance testing are not reliable to predict a low risk for mrsa infection. | 2012 | 22325726 |
| staphylococcus aureus endocarditis on transcatheter aortic valves. | | 2012 | 22325165 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is associated with increased mortality. | methicillin resistance is a widespread and major source of treatment complication in staphylococcus aureus infections. whether infections with methicillin-resistant s. aureus are associated with a worse clinical outcome, such as higher mortality, has remained controversial. analyzing data from a large, global multicenter study, hanberger et al. demonstrate that methicillin-resistant s. aureus infections are associated with approximately 50% higher mortality in the intensive care unit and signifi ... | 2012 | 22324988 |
| cd4 t cell antigens from staphylococcus aureus newman strain identified following immunization with heat-killed bacteria. | staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium associated with the skin and mucosal surfaces of humans and animals that can also cause chronic infection. the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and strains causing chronic intramammary infections (imi) in cows results in severe human and livestock infections. conventional approaches to vaccine development have yielded only a few noneffective vaccines against mrsa or imi strains, so there is a n ... | 2012 | 22323557 |
| the protective and immunomodulatory effects of hypothalamic proline-rich polypeptide galarmin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. | the present research summarizes the protective and immunomodulatory activity of hypothalamic proline-rich polypeptide galarmin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). the protective effect of galarmin was shown on mrsa-infected animals' survival and weight loss recovery. the immunological impact of galarmin was evaluated in terms of immunocompetent cell recruitment, serum immunoglobulins, complement components c3 and c4, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-6, il-8, i ... | 2012 | 22322358 |
| characterization of a staphylococcus aureus usa300 protein signature using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | staphylococcus aureus strain type usa300 is an important human pathogen. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry has been used successfully for rapid identification of s. aureus at the genus and species levels. here, it was hypothesized that maldi-tof could be used to identify usa300 organisms at the strain level. a genetic algorithm model using clinprotools software (bruker daltonics) was built using 47 isolates of usa300 s. aureus and 77 non-usa ... | 2012 | 22322338 |
| prevalence of types of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in turkey flocks and personnel attending the animals. | livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (la-mrsa) have been isolated from a number of livestock species and persons involved in animal production. we investigated the prevalence of la-mrsa in fattening turkeys and people living on farms that house fattening turkeys. eighteen (90%) of 20 investigated flocks were positive for mrsa, and on 12 of the farms 22 (37·3%) of 59 persons sampled were positive for mrsa. people with frequent access to the stables were more likely to ... | 2012 | 22321516 |
| hla molecules and nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus isolated from dialysis and kidney transplant patients at a hospital in southern brazil. | healthy individuals can host staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx, body surface and vagina. most invasive infections by this bacterium are endogenous, caused by strains spread from the nasopharynx of carriers. s. aureus is a pathogen involved in the etiology of hospital- and community-acquired infections. transplant and dialysis patients are at risk of colonization or infection by multi-resistant s. aureus. infection is directly linked to individual immunity, and the major histocompatibility ... | 2012 | 22321387 |