| the effect of chemical inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus with beta-propiolactone and binary ethyleneimine on plasma proteins and coagulation factors. | in the present study chemical inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), as a substitute of hepatitis c virus was studied in human plasma pool. beta-propiolactone (bpl), binary ethyleneimine (bei) and chlorhexidine (chx) were assessed. treatment of virus-spiked human plasma with 0.025% bpl reduced virus infectivity titer to undetectable levels within 2 h, whereas bei treatment (1 mm) showed a slower kinetic of inactivation, attaining a complete virus inactivation within 8 h of incubatio ... | 2004 | 16734113 |
| evaluation of protection against virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in calves that had maternal antibodies and were vaccinated with a modified-live vaccine. | to evaluate the efficacy of an adjuvanted modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine against challenge with a virulent type 2 bvdv strain in calves with or without maternal antibodies against the virus. | 2006 | 16740078 |
| persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in an alpaca. | a 2.5-month-old female alpaca that had been born prematurely was examined because of moderate mucopurulent nasal discharge and high rectal temperature. | 2006 | 16740080 |
| expression of bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoprotein e2 as a soluble secreted form in a mammalian cell line. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) membrane-anchored type i glycoprotein e2 is an approximately 53-kda immunodominant glycoprotein inducing the production of neutralizing antibodies in the animal host after natural infection or following immunization with live or killed vaccines. the e2 coding region lacking the transmembrane domain was constructed in a soluble secreted form (sece2) and expressed in the medium of a transiently transfected human cell line. the crude conditioned medium containing ... | 2006 | 16760329 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in korean native goat (capra hircus). | in the genus pestivirus, four genetically distinct viral species are currently recognized: bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). bvdv-1 and bdv infections have been described in goat species. since 1998, border disease (bd) like symptoms in goats have been reported repeatedly in two southern-most provinces of korea, which until then had been regarded as being free from bd. as a result of retrospective inves ... | 2006 | 16766076 |
| the effect of infection of hatched blastocyst bovine embryos with border disease and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses at early stages of pregnancy is not fully understood. this study aimed to look at the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), on early stage embryos at the hatched blastocyst stage. bvdv and bdv are known to cross the placenta of infected mothers and lead to congenital defects and death of developing fetuses. this study can be a good model for better understanding the ... | 2006 | 16771222 |
| simulation study to assess the efficiency of a test-and-cull scheme to control the spread of the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus in a dairy herd. | to control the spread of bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv), test-and-cull schemes have been used in scandinavian countries, with success, when combined with strict control of new animal introductions into herds. in situations where bvdv reintroduction is likely to occur, it is necessary to assess precisely the expected efficiency of test-and-cull schemes. the objective of this study was to compare, by simulation, the persistence and consequences of bvdv infection in a fully susceptible dairy h ... | 2006 | 16774794 |
| brefeldin a inhibits pestivirus release from infected cells, without affecting its assembly and infectivity. | the enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the pestivirus genus within the flaviviridae family. while considerable information has been gathered on virus entry into the host cell, genome structure and protein function, little is known about pestivirus morphogenesis and release from cells. here, we analyzed the intracellular localization, n-glycan processing and secretion of bvdv using brefeldin a (bfa), which blocks protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and caus ... | 2006 | 16782064 |
| a universal heterologous internal control system for duplex real-time rt-pcr assays used in a detection system for pestiviruses. | a heterologous in vitro transcript based on a specific primer-probe hex system was generated as a universal internal control (ic) to improve virus-specific real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays. by using a set of different primers, several pcr fragments of desired sizes of an in vitro transcript of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene were generated, and the fragments were detected using a hex-labelled probe. for long-term storage of the in vitro transcript a special ... | 2006 | 16806503 |
| "self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), together with classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, belongs to the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae. bvdv is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. in addition to evading the adaptive immune system, bvdv evades ... | 2006 | 16809298 |
| induction of antigen-specific t-cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine the efficacy of a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus 3, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2 to induce neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in naïve cattle and protect against bhv-1 challenge. | 2006 | 16817740 |
| spatial hierarchical variances and age covariances for seroprevalence to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, bohv-1 and bvdv for cattle in the state of paraíba, brazil. | we estimated spatial hierarchal variances and age-group covariances for seroprevalence to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (leptoh), bovine viral-diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) among 2343 cattle from 72 properties sampled in the state of paraíba, brazil in 2000. from each property, eight animals in each of the four age categories were evaluated. the age categories studied were: pre-weaned (0-6 months), young (7-18 months), replacement (19-30 months) and mature ... | 2006 | 16828906 |
| control of template positioning during de novo initiation of rna synthesis by the bovine viral diarrhea virus ns5b polymerase. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase of the hepatitis c virus and the bovine viral diarrhea virus(bvdv)is able to initiate rna synthesis denovo in the absence of a primer. previous crystallographic data have pointed to the existence of a gtp-specific binding site (g-site) that is located in the vicinity of the active site of the bvdv enzyme. here we have studied the functional role of the g-site and present evidence to show that specific gtp binding affects the positioning of the template during de ... | 2006 | 16831816 |
| vertical transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in mousedeer (tragulus javanicus) and spread to domestic cattle. | this study investigates the transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) 1f from a persistently infected (pi) lesser malayan mousedeer to two bovine calves. different contact routes to two calves were analysed: 1) aerosol contact between two adjacent pens without physical contact; 2) indirect contact by use of common utensils; 3) direct nose-to-nose contact for 30 seconds. one of the calves was infected either by aerosol or indirect contact. the virus sequence in 247 nucleotides in the 5' ... | 2006 | 16835699 |
| photochemical treatment of plasma with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates pathogens while retaining coagulation function. | the intercept blood system, a photochemical treatment (pct) process, has been developed to inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates. these studies evaluated the efficacy of pct to inactivate pathogens in plasma and the effect of pct on plasma function. | 2006 | 16836564 |
| pestiviruses in wild animals. | pestiviruses are not strictly host-species specific and can infect not only domestic but also wild animals. the most important pestivirus, csfv, infects domestic pigs and wild boars, which may cause a major problem for successful csfv eradication programmes. mainly bvdv specific antibodies have been reported in captive and free-living animals. virus has been isolated from some of these animal species, but since bvdv can contaminate cell cultures and foetal calf serum, early reports of bvdv isola ... | 2006 | 16839713 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus contains an essential zinc-binding site similar to that of the hepatitis c virus ns5a protein. | the recent demonstration that the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) contains an unconventional zinc-binding site with the format cx(17)cxcx(20)c and the presence of a similar sequence element in the ns5a proteins of members of the pestivirus genus has led to the hypothesis that the ns5a protein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a zinc-binding protein. a method for the expression and partial purification of bvdv ns5a was developed, and the partially purified protein wa ... | 2006 | 16840325 |
| the structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna-dependent rna polymerase and its amino-terminal domain. | viral rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrp) differ from dna-dependent rna polymerases, dna-dependent dna polymerases, and reverse transcriptases in that rdrps contain "fingertips" consisting of several polypeptide strands in the fingers domain interacting with the thumb domain. the crystal structure of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) rdrp containing an asn438 duplication shows that the "n-terminal domain," which occurs only in pestiviruses such as bvdv, interacts with the polymerase component ... | 2006 | 16843892 |
| selection and characterization of canine, swine and rabbit cell lines resistant to bovine viral diarrhea virus. | contamination of cell cultures with adventitious viruses may pose serious risks for virology diagnosis, research and vaccine production. this article reports the selection and characterization of three cell lines resistant to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a major contaminant of cell cultures. the resistant cells were obtained from canine (mdck), swine (pk-15) and rabbit (rk-13) parental cell lines by expanding and cloning cells that survived lytic infection with bvdv. all three selected ce ... | 2006 | 16854474 |
| sequencing and comparative analysis of a pig bovine viral diarrhea virus genome. | in present study, we report the first complete genomic sequence of pig bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, that of strain zm-95, which is 12,220 nucleotides long and contains short 5' and 3' non-coding regions and one open reading frame encoding a large polyprotein with 28 potential n-glycosylation sites (asn-x-ser or asn-x-thr). within the non-structural protein encoding region, no foreign nucleotide insertions was found as those usually observed for cytopathogenic bvdv-1, but close to the 3'-te ... | 2006 | 16854490 |
| a search for rna insertions and ns3 gene duplication in the genome of cytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | calves born persistently infected with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv) frequently develop a fatal gastroenteric illness called mucosal disease. both the original virus (ncpbvdv) and an antigenically identical but cytopathic virus (cpbvdv) can be isolated from animals affected by mucosal disease. cytopathic bvdvs originate from their ncp counterparts by diverse genetic mechanisms, all leading to the expression of the non-structural polypeptide ns3 as a discrete protein. in co ... | 2006 | 16862285 |
| heat-treatment of bovine colostrum. ii: effects of heating duration on pathogen viability and immunoglobulin g. | batches (30-l) of first-milking bovine colostrum, inoculated with mycoplasma bovis (10(8) cfu/ml), listeria monocytogenes (10(6) cfu/ml), escherichia coli o157:h7 (10(6) cfu/ml), salmonella enteritidis (10(6) cfu/ml), and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map; 10(3) cfu/ml), were heat-treated at 60 degrees c for 120 min in a commercial on-farm batch pasteurizer system. duplicate 50-ml subsamples of colostrum were collected at 15-min intervals throughout the heat-treatment process for ... | 2006 | 16899682 |
| substituted 5-benzyl-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines: a new class of pestivirus inhibitors. | a novel class of inhibitors of pestiviruses (5-substituted 2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines) is described. modification of the substituent in position 5 resulted in analogues with high activity (ec(50)<100nm) and selectivity (si>1000) against the pestivirus bvdv (bovine viral diarrhea virus). | 2006 | 16901692 |
| antiviral effect of artemisinin from artemisia annua against a model member of the flaviviridae family, the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). | the antiviral activity versus flaviviruses of artemisinin, a safe drug obtained from artemisia annua and commonly used to treat malaria, has been investigated using as an in vitro model bovine epithelial cells from embryonic trachea (ebtr) infected with the cytopathic strain oregon c24v, of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), which is a member of the flaviviridae family. antiviral activity was estimated by the degree of protection against the cytopathic effect of bvdv on host cells and by the r ... | 2006 | 16902856 |
| identification of a novel virulence determinant within the e2 structural glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 glycoprotein contains a discrete epitope (tavspttlr, residues 829-837 of csfv polyprotein) recognized by monoclonal antibody (mab) wh303, used to differentiate csfv from related ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), that infect swine without causing disease. progressive mutations were introduced into mab wh303 epitope in csfv virulent strain brescia (bicv) to obtain the homologous amino acid sequence of bvd ... | 2006 | 16908042 |
| genetic variability of bovine viral diarrhoea virus subtypes at 3'-nontranslated region. | ten isolates belonging to different bvdv-1 subtypes and three bvdv-2 isolates were studied in 3'-nontranslated region (3'-ntr) by sequencing of pcr products and comparative computer-assisted nucleotide sequence analysis. the alignment of nucleotide sequences revealed that all bvdv-1 isolates except bvdv-1a isolates represented by nadl strain were characterised with a deletion of 38 nucleotides in the variable region located after the stop codon. for all bvdv-1 subtypes, a constant region at the ... | 2007 | 16917738 |
| assessment of a bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen capture elisa and a microtiter virus isolation elisa using pooled ear notch and serum samples. | to reduce the cost of whole herd screening for bovine viral diarrhea virus persistently infected animals, the sensitivity and specificity of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) and a microtiter virus isolation elisa using saline from ear notch samples or pooled serum was determined. pooled saline from ear notch samples, assayed by ac-elisa, gave a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 94%, respectively, for pools containing 2 samples and 72% and 100%, respectively, f ... | 2006 | 16921882 |
| role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor in entry of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | among several proposed cellular receptors for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the low-density lipoprotein (ldl) receptor is of special interest because it is also considered a receptor for the related hepatitis c virus. it has been reported that an anti-ldl receptor monoclonal antibody blocked the infection of bovine cells by bvdv and that the resistance of bovine crib cells (cells resistant to infection with bvdv) (e. f. flores and r. o. donis, virology 208:565-575, 1995) to bvdv infection ... | 2006 | 16928760 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in beef and dairy cattle in manitoba. | of 1204 dairy cows and 1425 beef cows sampled, 60.8% and 10.3% were seropositive for bovine leukemia virus, 4.5% and 1.7% were seropositive for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and 8.3% and 9.1% were seropositive for neospora caninum, respectively, while 28.1% of dairy herds had unvaccinated animals with titres > or = 1:64 for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | 2006 | 16933557 |
| an epidemiologic study of late-term abortions in dairy cattle in denmark, july 2000-august 2003. | abortion in dairy cows in well-managed dairies is not common but differences have been reported probably due to variation in animal health, nutrition and management, as well as difficulties in observing the aborted material. a 38-month study of 507 large danish dairy herds revealed 3354 late-term abortions and 224,419 calvings were recorded. during the study period, a total of 3717 submissions were made to the danish institute for food and veterinary research (dfvf). a broad spectrum of abortive ... | 2006 | 16962189 |
| multiple recombinant elisa for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antibodies in cattle sera. | the most immunogenic proteins (e0, e2 and ns3) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) (nadl strain) were expressed in the baculovirus/insect cells system. recombinant antigens were applied to the design of enzyme immunoabsorbent assays (elisas) for the detection of specific antibodies in cattle sera. the assays developed were shown to be highly sensitive and specific in comparison with the viral neutralization test, which is the reference test for the serological diagnosis of bvdv. the present r ... | 2006 | 16963129 |
| the double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytopathogenicity of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), which is classified in the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, can be divided into two biotypes according to its ability to induce a cytopathic effect in tissue culture cells. the mechanisms through which cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv induces cell death and non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv causes persistent infection without producing cell death remain unclear. here, it was found that the overexpression of four apoptosis-related cellular mrnas in cells infected wit ... | 2006 | 16963755 |
| priming with dna encoding e2 and boosting with e2 protein formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides induces strong immune responses and protection from bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle. | the objective of this study was to develop an optimal vaccination strategy for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the e2 protein of bvdv plays a major protective role against bvdv infection. in order to be able to compare dna, protein and dna prime-protein boost regimens, a plasmid was constructed encoding a secreted form of the nadl strain e2 protein (pmasia-tpasdeltae2). furthermore, a pure secreted recombinant deltae2 (rdeltae2) protein was produced. the rdeltae2 protein was formulated with ... | 2006 | 16963756 |
| the npro product of bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits dna binding by interferon regulatory factor 3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that can establish a persistent infection in the developing fetus and has the ability to disable the production of type i interferon. in this report, we extend our previous observations that bvdv encodes a protein able to specifically block the activity of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3), a transcription factor essential for interferon promoter activation, by demonstrating that this is a property of the n-terminal protease fragment (npro) ... | 2006 | 16971436 |
| limited bvdv transmission and full protection against csfv transmission in pigs experimentally infected with bvdv type 1b. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in pigs may interfere with the detection and epidemiology of classical swine fever virus (csfv). to investigate the importance of bvdv infections in pigs, first we studied the transmission dynamics of a recent bvdv field isolate. subsequently, the protection of bvd antibodies against transmission and clinical disease of csf virus was studied. only limited transmission of bvdv occurred (r = 0.20), while no csfv transmission occurred in pigs with bvdv antibodies. ... | 2006 | 16979307 |
| antiviral activity of cho-ss cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against hcv rna replicons and related viruses. | the fully glycosylated human omega interferon produced from cho-ss cells (glycosylated ifn-omega) has been shown to be well-tolerated in man and to induce a sustained virologic response in patients infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). we examined the antiviral activity of glycosylated ifn-omega and various human ifns (ifn-alpha, -beta, -gamma and non-glycosylated bacterial (escherichia coli) recombinant ifn-omega (non-glycosylated ifn-omega)) against hcv rna replicons and several viruses relat ... | 2007 | 16987555 |
| noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus can persist in testicular tissue after vaccination of peri-pubertal bulls but prevents subsequent infection. | the objectives of this research were to evaluate the risk of prolonged testicular infection as a consequence of vaccination of peri-pubertal bulls with a modified-live, noncytopathic strain of bvdv and to assess vaccine efficacy in preventing prolonged testicular infections after a subsequent acute infection. seronegative, peri-pubertal bulls were vaccinated subcutaneously with an approximate minimum immunizing dose or a 10x standard dose of modified-live, noncytopathic bvdv or were maintained a ... | 2007 | 17005300 |
| incidence of bvdv1 and bvdv2 infections in cattle submitted for necropsy in northern germany. | the incidence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) 1 and 2 infections was determined in calves, young cattle and older cattle with signs of mucosal disease (md) submitted for necropsy to three laboratories in northern germany between june 2000 and may 2001. at necropsy, tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, ileal peyer's patch and spleen were collected and examined by immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. from 311 animals examined, 30 (9.6%) were positive for bvdv. ... | 2006 | 17010039 |
| real-time rt-pcr detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in whole blood using an external rna reference. | a novel two-step real-time rt-pcr assay using sybr green i was developed for the detection of acute bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in whole blood from cattle. during infection animals experience a characteristic transient leucopenia and the number of cells per volume of blood changes over time; so quantitation of viral load by reference to a cellular housekeeping gene is not ideal as this may hide significant animal to animal variation. therefore, to facilitate comparison of diffe ... | 2006 | 17030066 |
| test strategies in bovine viral diarrhea virus control and eradication campaigns in europe. | several european countries have initiated national and regional control-and-eradication campaigns for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). most of these campaigns do not involve the use of vaccines; in germany, vaccination is used only in states in which it is considered necessary because of high bvdv prevalence. in european countries without organized bvdv control programs, vaccination is commonly used to control bvdv. diagnostic test strategies are fundamental to all control-and-eradication cam ... | 2006 | 17037609 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a modified-live combination vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 challenge exposures in a one-year duration-of-immunity fetal protection study. | this study demonstrated that the modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 and 2 fractions of a multivalent vaccine protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses against virulent bvdv types 1 and 2 challenge exposures at 370 days after vaccination. all bvdv vaccinated heifers inoculated with either bvdv type 1 or 2 at approximately 62 to 94 days of gestation delivered fetuses or calves that were negative for bvdv by ear-notch immunohistochemistry and virus isolation and serum neutra ... | 2006 | 17039451 |
| fetal protection following exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 sixteen months after primary vaccination of the dams. | this study demonstrated that the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; types 1 and 2) fractions of a multivalent vaccine protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses at 149 to 217 days of gestation against exposure to calves persistently infected with bvdv type 2a. eighty percent (eight of 10) of the control heifers were viremic at least 1 day following challenge, whereas all (20 of 20) bvdv-vaccinated heifers were virus isolation-negative on all postchallenge assessment days. ninety percent (nine ... | 2006 | 17039452 |
| use of a modified-live vaccine to prevent persistent testicular infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a commercial vaccine containing modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; types 1 and 2) was administered to one group of 22 peripubertal bulls 28 days before intranasal inoculation with a type 1 strain of bvdv. a second group of 23 peripubertal bulls did not receive the modified-live bvdv vaccine before intranasal inoculation. ten of 23 unvaccinated bulls--but none of the vaccinated bulls--developed a persistent testicular infection as determined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase ch ... | 2006 | 17039453 |
| inhibition of hepatitis c replicon rna synthesis by beta-d-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-c-methylcytidine: a specific inhibitor of hepatitis c virus replication. | beta-d-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-c-methylcytidine (psi-6130) is a cytidine analogue with potent and selective anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) activity in the subgenomic hcv replicon assay, 90% effective concentration (ec90)=4.6 +/- 2.0 microm. the spectrum of activity and cytotoxicity profile of psi-6130 was evaluated against a diverse panel of viruses and cell types, and against two additional hcv-1b replicons. the s282t mutation, which confers resistance to 2'-c-methyl adenosine and other 2'-methylat ... | 2006 | 17042329 |
| development of an immunochromatographic test kit for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen. | an immunochromatographic test was developed for rapid diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections using monoclonal antibodies against the nonstructural protein, ns3, of the virus. the kit detected specifically the ns3 of various bvdv strains. using the kit, leukocyte extracts of cattle infected persistently with bvdv were found positive while those of healthy cattle were negative. the sensitivity and specificity of this kit in compared with virus isolation were 100% and 97.2%, res ... | 2006 | 17046073 |
| suppression of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by small interfering rna and short hairpin rna-mediated rna interference. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a ubiquitous viral pathogen that affects cattle herds' worldwide causing significant economic loss. the current strategies to control bvdv infection include vaccination (modified-live or killed) and control of virus spread by enhanced biosecurity management, however, the disease remains prevalent. with the discovery of the sequence-specific method of gene silencing known as rna interference (rnai), a new era in antiviral therapies has begun. here we report t ... | 2007 | 17052865 |
| evidence for pestivirus infection in free-living japanese serows, capricornis crispus. | sixteen serum samples collected from free-living japanese serows, capricornis crispus, between 2001 and 2004 in morioka and its vicinity were examined for the presence of pestivirus by reverse transcription-nested pcr procedure. three out of the 16 samples produced a visible band in electrophoresed agarose gels. the nucleotide sequences of the three pcr products were found to be identical. the pestivirus found in the serow was identified as bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) based on nucleot ... | 2006 | 17053318 |
| approach for qualitative validation using aggregated data for a stochastic simulation model of the spread of the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus in a dairy cattle herd. | qualitative validation consists in showing that a model is able to mimic available observed data. in population level biological models, the available data frequently represent a group status, such as pool testing, rather than the individual statuses. they are aggregated. our objective was to explore an approach for qualitative validation of a model with aggregated data and to apply it to validate a stochastic model simulating the bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) spread within a dairy cattle ... | 2006 | 17054022 |
| isolation of bvdv from bovine serum by emea/cvmp and 9 cfr: a comparison. | data derived from both experience and validation exercises on the behaviour and properties of bvdv is presented as applied to recovery of the virus from bovine serum used in the industrial production of animal biologicals. licensed products both in the eu and the u.s. must use ingredients shown to be free of this agent and both regulatory agencies have published regulations governing this topic (eu: emea/cvmp and us: 9 cfr). the two systems differ in some specifics covering cell cultures used, t ... | 2006 | 17058505 |
| synthesis and pharmacokinetics of valopicitabine (nm283), an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-hcv agent 2'-c-methylcytidine. | in our search for new therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis c, a ribonucleoside analogue, 2'-c-methylcytidine, was discovered to be a potent and selective inhibitor in cell culture of a number of rna viruses, including the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate model for hepatitis c virus (hcv), and three flaviviruses, namely, yellow fever virus, west nile virus, and dengue-2 virus. however, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that 2'-c-methylcytidine suffers from a low oral bio ... | 2006 | 17064080 |
| viral safety of c1-inhibitor nf. | we studied the efficacy of virus reduction by three process steps (polyethylene glycol 4000 (peg) precipitation, pasteurization, and 15nm virus filtration) in the manufacturing of c1-inhibitor nf. the potential prion removing capacity in this process was estimated based on data from the literature. virus studies were performed using hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as relevant viruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and pseudorabies v ... | 2007 | 17071103 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, neospora caninum, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection among dairy cattle and herds in alberta and agroecological risk factors associated with seropositivity. | a province-wide, cross-sectional seroprevalence and agroecological risk factor study of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), neospora caninum (nc), bovine leukemia virus (blv), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2) infection in dairy cattle herds in alberta was conducted. among adults, the seroprevalence of map, nc, and blv was 9.1%, 18.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. for map, based on a herd test cutpoint of 2 or more seropositive cows, 58.8% ... | 2006 | 17078247 |
| diagnostic efficacy of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to screen cattle for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. | to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of a reverse transcriptase-pcr assay performed on pooled supernatant from fresh tissue samples to screen cattle for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | 2006 | 17078812 |
| board-invited review: recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle. | morbidity and mortality from bovine respiratory disease (brd) and associated losses in performance and carcass merit continue to plague the beef cattle industry. several viral/bacterial agents are responsible for brd, and interactions occur among the agents. viral agents often predispose animals to bacterial infections, and mannheimia haemolytica is the most frequently isolated organism in cattle with brd. laboratory tests are available to characterize organisms causing brd using easily obtained ... | 2007 | 17085724 |
| mutations in the palm region of a plus-strand rna virus polymerase result in attenuated phenotype. | the three-dimensional structure of rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) is highly conserved among rna viruses. in a previous study, a unique set of mutant strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus was obtained, encompassing either a genomic deletion of six codons or duplications of between 1 and 45 codons; these mutations affect different parts of the palm region, the most conserved part of rdrps containing the catalytic centre. in the present study, a detailed characterization of the rdrp mutant ... | 2006 | 17098978 |
| synthesis and in vitro evaluation of the anti-viral activity of n-[4-(1h(2h)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides. | a series n-[4-(1h(2h)-benzotriazol-1(2)-yl)phenyl]alkylcarboxamides (8e-k, 9e-i, k, l) and their parent amines (5a-c and 6a-d) were prepared according to schemes (1 and 2). compounds were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of rna (positive- and negative-sense) viruses, like [bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), yellow fever virus (yfv), coxsackie virus b (cvb-2), polio virus (sb-1), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1), respiratory syncytial virus ( ... | 2006 | 17105439 |
| review and critical discussion of assumptions and modelling options to study the spread of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) within a cattle herd. | relevance of epidemiological models depends on assumptions on the population structure and dynamics, on the biology of the host-parasite interaction, and on mathematical modelling. in this paper we reviewed published models of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) spread within a herd. modelling options and assumptions on herd dynamics and bvdv transmission were discussed. a cattle herd is a population with a controlled size. animals are separated into subgroups according to their age or their ... | 2007 | 17109768 |
| leukocyte profile of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | animals acutely infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) exhibit transient immunosuppression as a result of the virus' predilection for cells that play critical roles in the host immune system. acute bvdv infections have major effects on thymic and follicular t-lymphocytes, as well as follicular b-lymphocytes, often resulting in severe reduction in circulating numbers of lymphocytes and suppression of functional activities of these cells. granulocytes and monocytes are equally susceptibl ... | 2007 | 17112597 |
| a survey of bovine viral diarrhea virus testing in diagnostic laboratories in the united states from 2004 to 2005. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has a great economic impact on the united states cattle industry. the academy of veterinary consultants, the american association of bovine practitioners, and the national cattlemen's beef association have called for the goal of bvdv control and eventual eradication in the u.s.a. one of the key factors in such efforts will be the detection of bvdv infections, particularly targeting persistently infected animals. to assess current bvdv detection methods in the u ... | 2006 | 17121092 |
| expression of the surface glycoprotein e2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus by recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. | this study analysed the transport behaviour of the glycoprotein e2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) expressed from recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsv). e2 protein was found to be retained at an intracellular compartment. a chimeric protein containing the membrane anchor and cytoplasmic tail of the vsv g protein, e2-g(mt), was transported to the cell surface. only the latter protein was incorporated into rvsv particles in significant amounts. a soluble form of e2 lacking the membra ... | 2007 | 17170448 |
| conserved determinants for membrane association of nonstructural protein 5a from hepatitis c virus and related viruses. | nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) is a membrane-associated essential component of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication complex. an n-terminal amphipathic alpha helix mediates in-plane membrane association of hcv ns5a and at the same time is likely involved in specific protein-protein interactions required for the assembly of a functional replication complex. the aim of this study was to identify the determinants for membrane association of ns5a from the related gb viruses and pestiviruses. alth ... | 2007 | 17192310 |
| distribution of antibodies against neospora caninum, bvdv and bhv-1 among cows in brazilian dairy herds with reproductive disorders. | neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) are worldwide spread pathogens associated with reproductive problems in cattle. the present work aimed to observe the infection pattern of these three pathogens in two dairy herds with distinct reproductive managements from triângulo mineiro, minas gerais state, brazil. the herds were not vaccinated against either n. caninum, bvdv or bhv-1. blood samples were collected and analyzed for presence of specific ant ... | 2006 | 17196123 |
| the prevalent genotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus in japan, germany and the united states of america. | genotypes and subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) field isolates from japan, germany and the united states of america (usa) were identified, and the prevalent pattern of bvdv in individual countries was estimated genetically. subgenotypes were determined based on phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of a part of the e2-coding gene of bvdv. forty-five, 61 and 56 bvdv strains were isolated from naturally infected cattle in japan, germany and usa, respectively, between 1980 ... | 2006 | 17201198 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: prevention of persistent fetal infection by a combination of two mutations affecting erns rnase and npro protease. | different genetically engineered mutants of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were analyzed for the ability to establish infection in the fetuses of pregnant heifers. the virus mutants exhibited either a deletion of the overwhelming part of the genomic region coding for the n-terminal protease n(pro), a deletion of codon 349, which abrogates the rnase activity of the structural glycoprotein e(rns), or a combination of both mutations. two months after infection of pregnant cattle with wild-type ... | 2007 | 17215285 |
| production effects of pathogens causing bovine leukosis, bovine viral diarrhea, paratuberculosis, and neosporosis. | the primary purpose of this research was to determine associations among seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map), and neospora caninum (nc) and each of 3 outcome variables (305-d milk, fat, and protein production) in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from up to 30 randomly selected cows from 342 herds on monthly milk testing were tested for antibodies against blv (idexx elisa; idexx corporation, westbr ... | 2007 | 17235141 |
| mycobacterium bovis shedding patterns from experimentally infected calves and the effect of concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | concurrent infection of cattle with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and mycobacterium bovis is considered to be a possible risk factor for onward transmission of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in infected cattle and is known to compromise diagnostic tests. a comparison is made here of m. bovis shedding (i.e. release) characteristics from 12 calves, six experimentally co-infected with bvdv and six infected with m. bovis alone, using simple models of bacterial replication. these statistical and mat ... | 2007 | 17251130 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of a novel chimeric pestivirus. | a chimeric pestivirus of border disease virus gifhorn and bovine viral diarrhea virus cp7 (meyers et al., 1996) was constructed. virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of the chimeric virus were studied in a vaccination-challenge experiment in pigs. the chimeric virus proved to be avirulent and neither chimeric virus nor viral rna was detected in serum after vaccination. the safety of the vaccine was tested by horizontal transmission to sentinel pigs, which remained uninfected. the vac ... | 2007 | 17251566 |
| serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six selected national parks from germany. | a total of 164 blood samples, collected from free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in six german national parks (np) between 2000 and 2002, were assayed for antibodies against nine viral disease agents. antibodies were only detected against the alpha-herpesviruses; specifically, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (22 of 157, 14%), cervid herpesvirus-1 (17 of 157, 10.8%), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (11 of 159, 6.9%). titers ranged from 4 to 10 ... | 2006 | 17255452 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| cp7_e2alf: a safe and efficient marker vaccine strain for oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever virus (csfv). | wild boar are an important reservoir of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in several european countries, where most of the primary outbreaks in domestic pigs are directly related to the endemic disease situation in the wild boar population. oral immunisation has been introduced as an additional control measure to accelerate csf eradication in wild boar in germany since 1993. immunisation with an oral bait vaccine based on the conventionally attenuated live vaccine strain "c" proved to be safe a ... | 2007 | 17257713 |
| efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by bhv-1, pi3v, bvdv and brsv in experimentally infected calves. | the efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (brd) was assessed in four experimental studies. calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (bhv-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi(3)v), bovi ... | 2007 | 17276108 |
| [transgenic wheat expressing virus-derived hairpin rna is resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus]. | an expression vector expected to induce rna interference against barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv), which expressed a composite hprna with the dsrna stem homologous of bydv gpv replicase gene and the antisense rna loop homologous of coat protein gene, was designed without marker gene. the vector was transferred into callus cells from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) immature embryos by particle bombardment. to select the positive transformants as early as possible, a rapid pcr, which does not need ex ... | 2007 | 17284432 |
| crystal structure of the rna polymerase domain of the west nile virus non-structural protein 5. | viruses of the family flaviviridae are important human and animal pathogens. among them, the flaviviruses dengue (denv) and west nile (wnv) cause regular outbreaks with fatal outcomes. the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity of the non-structural protein 5 (ns5) is a key activity for viral rna replication. in this study, crystal structures of enzymatically active and inactive wnv rdrp domains were determined at 3.0- and 2.35-a resolution, respectively. the determined structures were sho ... | 2007 | 17287213 |
| suitability of vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) for determining activities of three commonly-used alcohol-based hand rubs against enveloped viruses. | a procedure for including activity against enveloped viruses in the post-contamination treatment of hands has been recommended, but so far no european standard is available to implement it. in 2004, the german robert koch-institute (rki) and the german association for the control of virus disease (dvv) suggested that vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) should be used as test viruses in a quantitative suspension test to determine the activity of a disinfectant against all envelo ... | 2007 | 17291338 |
| sensitivity analysis to identify key-parameters in modelling the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in a dairy herd. | models have been developed to represent the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle herds. whereas the herd dynamics is well known, biological data are missing to estimate the parameters of the infection process. our objective was to identify the parameters of the infection process that highly influence the spread of bvdv in a dairy herd. a stochastic compartmental model in discrete time represented bvdv infection in a typical holstein dairy herd structured into five groups (calv ... | 2007 | 17303270 |
| impairment of innate immune responses of airway epithelium by infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection is an important risk factor for development of shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle, and infects but does not cause morphologic evidence of damage to airway epithelial cells. we hypothesized that bvdv predisposes to bacterial pneumonia by impairing innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. primary cultures of bovine tracheal epithelial cells were infected with bvdv for 48 h, then stimulated with lps for 16 h. expression of tracheal ant ... | 2007 | 17306889 |
| evaluation of the vaccine potential of an equine herpesvirus type 1 vector expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus structural proteins. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle that is maintained in the population by persistently infected animals. virus infection may result in reproductive failure, respiratory disease and diarrhoea in naïve, susceptible bovines. here, the construction and characterization of a novel vectored vaccine, which is based on the incorporation of genes encoding bvdv structural proteins (c, erns, e1, e2) into a bacterial artificial chromosome of the equine herpes ... | 2007 | 17325347 |
| evaluation of the induction of ns3 specific bvdv antibodies using a commercial inactivated bvdv vaccine in immunization and challenge trials. | in order to evaluate whether cattle vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) can be differentiated serologically from bvdv infected animals, two different aspects were investigated. firstly the antibody response against non-structural proteins (ns) was measured after multiple vaccinations of cattle with a single or double dose of a commercially available inactivated bvdv vaccine. in a second study, the animals were first vaccinated with the product, and ... | 2007 | 17336433 |
| evaluation of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in serum and skin biopsies of cattle. | to assess the ability of two commercial bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus (bvdv) antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect virus in serum and skin biopsies. | 2007 | 17339916 |
| a multiplex nested rt-pcr for the detection and differentiation of wild-type viruses from c-strain vaccine of classical swine fever virus. | a multiplex nested rt-pcr (rt-npcr) was developed for the detection and differentiation of classical swine fever virus (csfv). a fragment of 447 or 343 bp was amplified from the genomic rna of c-strain or virulent shimen strain, respectively, and two fragments of 447 and 343 bp were simultaneously amplified from the mixed samples of c-strain and shimen. when detecting several wild-type isolates representative of different subgroups (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3) circulating in mainland china and sampl ... | 2007 | 17346808 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cows in southern vietnam. | the main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in some dairy herds in southern vietnam, and to ascertain whether there were differences in seroprevalences between herds with imported and locally bred cows. serum samples collected on five state farms and 97 smallholder herds were analysed for the presence of antibodies to n. caninum and bvdv. all bvdv antibody-negative sera were further tested by antigen-elisa in order ... | 2008 | 17349807 |
| evaluation of a commercial erns-capture elisa for detection of bvdv in routine diagnostic cattle serum samples. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen in cattle. the ability of the virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (pi) calves. these calves shed the virus during their entire lifespan and are the key transmitters of infection. consequently, identification (and subsequent removal) of pi animals is necessary to rapidly clear infected herds from the virus. the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a co ... | 2007 | 17352830 |
| experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. persistently infected (pi) cattle are the most important reservoir for bvdv. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the united states and contact between cattle and deer is common. if the outcome of fetal infection of white-tailed deer is similar to cattle, pi white-tailed deer may pose a threat to bvdv control programs. the objective of ... | 2007 | 17353103 |
| antiviral profiles of novel iminocyclitol compounds against bovine viral diarrhea virus, west nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis b virus. | the antiviral activity of iminocyclitol compounds with a deoxynojirimycin (dnj) head group and either a straight chain alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom have been tested in vitro against multiple-enveloped viruses. several of these analogues were superior to previously reported dnj compounds. iminocyclitols that inhibit the glycan-processing enzyme endoplasmic-reticular glucosidase have been shown to inhibit the morphogenesis of viruses that bud from the endoplasmic re ... | 2007 | 17354651 |
| aetiology of bovine abortion in switzerland from 1986 to 1995--a retrospective study with emphasis on detection of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii by pcr. | in a retrospective study, covering the period from 1986 to 1995, tissues of aborted fetuses were re-examined. a total of 347 cases were tested immunohistochemically, among them samples of 223 brains were examined for neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), and 249 placentae for chlamydiaceae. two real-time pcr assays, one for n. caninum, and one for t. gondii, were developed. these potential abortion-inducing agents were detected - and confirmed by pcr, excep ... | 2007 | 17359449 |
| the control of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in europe: today and in the future. | this paper summarises the views of a european group of scientists involved in the control of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), as part of a european union thematic network. the group concludes that the technical tools and the knowledge needed to eradicate bvdv are at hand, as proven by successful national control schemes in several european countries. a generic model for bvdv control is presented, which includes biosecurity, elimination of persistently infected animals and surveillance as cen ... | 2006 | 17361763 |
| assessment of viral inactivation during ph 3.3 pepsin digestion and caprylic acid treatment of antivenoms. | antivenoms are manufactured by the fractionation of animal plasma which may possibly be contaminated by infectious agents pathogenic to humans. this study was carried out to determine whether pre-existing antivenom production steps, as carried out by egyvac in egypt, may reduce viral risks. two typical manufacturing steps were studied by performing down-scaled viral inactivation experiments: (a) a ph 3.3 pepsin digestion of diluted plasma at 30 degrees c for 1h, and (b) a caprylic acid treatment ... | 2007 | 17363271 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by amplification on polycation-treated cells followed by enzyme immunoassay. | a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) amplification method combined with an enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect bvdv antigens in seropositive cattle. reconstitution assays conducted by adding decreasing amounts of bvdv (singer strain) to madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells showed that the sensitivity threshold of the combined assay was 10(-7) tcid50. bvdv amplification was carried out in polycation (deae-dextran and polybrene)-treated mdbk cells. treated cells were able to replicate bot ... | 2006 | 17370574 |
| reduction of the infectivity of hepatitis c virus pseudoparticles by incorporation of misfolded glycoproteins induced by glucosidase inhibitors. | folding and assembly into complexes of some viral glycoproteins are exquisitely sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (er) alpha-glucosidase inhibition, which prevents the trimming of glucose from n-linked glycans. derivatives of deoxynojirimycin (dnj) iminosugars, which are potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, were shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the aim of this study was to determine whether these inhibitors wo ... | 2007 | 17374756 |
| activation of cell signaling pathways is dependant on the biotype of bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 2. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. besides the segregation into two distinct species (bvdv1/bvdv2) two different biotypes, a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype, are distinguished based on their behavior in epithelial cell cultures. one of the most serious forms of bvdv infection affecting immunocompetent animals of all ages is severe acute bvd (sa bvd) which is cau ... | 2007 | 17376555 |
| pathogenicity of an indian isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b in experimentally infected calves. | the aim of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of an indian bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b isolate in 7-9-months-old male calves. infected (four) and control (two) calves were bled at three days interval for hematological, virological and serological studies until day 27. all infected calves developed respiratory illness, biphasic pyrexia, mild diarrhea, leucopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. viraemia was demonstrated between 3 and 15dpi and the infected calves seroconverted by 1 ... | 2007 | 17383693 |
| seroprevalence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in free-ranging european bison from the białowieza primeval forest (poland). | blood was collected from bison that were selected between 1991 and 2001 for poor body condition, cachexia, lameness and balanoposthitis. sera were tested for antibodies to bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), brucella abortus, chlamydophila abortus, coxiella burnetti, and leptospira interrogans. the results of serological tests showed a prevalence of low titers of a serological reaction to ... | 2007 | 17388020 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy-breed steers in a feedlot. | to determine the prevalence and effect of neospora caninum infection and persistent infection (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on weight gain, morbidity, and mortality rate in dairy-breed steer calves located on a feedlot in california. | 2007 | 17397345 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in single or small groups of preimplantation bovine embryos. | the objectives of this study were to develop techniques to detect bvdv associated with single or small groups of bovine embryos contained in small aliquots of medium using either virus isolation (vi) or real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) assays. in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos at 7 d post-fertilization were exposed to sd-1, a high affinity strain of bvdv, for 2 h and then processed according to the international embryo transfer society (iets) guidelin ... | 2007 | 17420041 |
| new concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the new information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of mucosal disease of cattle is reviewed. it is now known that clinical mucosal disease occurs only in cattle which were infected with a pestivirus in early gestation and were born with persistent viral infection and specific immunotolerance. these animals may be clinically normal at birth but may develop fatal mucosal disease, perhaps following superinfection with another pestivirus, usually between 6 and 24 months of age. they may also r ... | 1988 | 17423063 |
| association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with multiple viral infections in bovine respiratory disease outbreaks. | we investigated eleven outbreaks of naturally occurring bovine respiratory diseases in calves and adult animals in the st-hyacinthe area of quebec. specific antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza type 3 virus, reovirus type 3, and serotypes 1 to 7 of bovine adenovirus were found in paired sera from diseased animals. several bovine viruses with respiratory tropism were involved concomitantly in herds during an outbreak of bovine ... | 1988 | 17423116 |
| viruses and virus-like particles detected during examination of feces from calves and piglets with diarrhea. | a total of 763 fecal or intestinal samples from diarrheic calves and piglets were examined for viral content by immunofluorescence, electron microscopy or cell culture. routine fluorescent antibody and cultural tests detected rotavirus (n=126), coronavirus (n=80) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (n=13). electron microscopy detected rotaviruses (n=24) and coronaviruses (n=17) not identified by standard fluorescent antibody tests. other viruses detected by electron microscopy included breda virus-l ... | 1989 | 17423455 |
| prevalence of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine respiratory syncytial, and bovine viral diarrhea viruses in cattle in saskatchewan and alberta. | a total of 1745 healthy cattle from 295 farms in saskatchewan and alberta was tested by elisa for antibodies to four viruses. antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus were found in 37.8% of sera (59.5% of properties), to parainfluenza 3 (pi3) virus in 93.9% of sera (99.7% of properties), to bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus in 78.5% of sera (86.6% of properties), and to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus in 40.6% of sera (66.7% of properties)the prevalence of pi3 viral a ... | 1990 | 17423704 |
| comparative serological response in calves to eight commercial vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial, and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | a field trial was conducted to compare the serological responses in calves to eight commercial vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and/or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). calves given ibrv, p13v, brsv, and bvdv vaccines had significantly higher antibodies to these viruses than unvaccinated controls; however, serological responses to killed bvdv vaccines were low. calves with preexisting antib ... | 1991 | 17423913 |
| identification and characterization of the ntpase activity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) expressed in bacteria. | the nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) of members of the family flaviviridae possesses multiple enzyme activities that are likely to be essential for viral replication. here, we cloned and expressed full-length csfv ns3 protein (ns3fl) and its n-terminal truncated version (ntns3) in e. coli. ntpase activities of the purified ns3fl and ntns3 proteins and their reaction conditions were investigated. the results showed that csfv ns3fl and ntns3 proteins contained a specific polynucleotide-stimulated ntp ... | 2007 | 17447110 |