| hyperoxia results in transient oxidative stress and an adaptive response by antioxidant enzymes in goldfish tissues. | the effects of hyperoxia on the status of antioxidant defenses and markers of oxidative damage were evaluated in goldfish tissues. the levels of lipid peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl proteins and the activities of some antioxidant enzymes were measured in brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of goldfish, carassius auratus l., over a time course of 3-12 h of hyperoxia exposure followed by 12 or 36 h of normoxic recovery. exposure to high oxygen resulted in an accu ... | 2005 | 15896673 |
| are the cannabinoids involved in bony fish reproduction? | following the discovery of two cb1 genes in the fish fugu rubripes, investigations on the phylogeny of endocannabinoids have indicated that this system is highly conserved. our study demonstrated that cb1 receptors are expressed in the cns and gonads of two teleosts, carassius auratus and pelvicachromis pulcher, and they show a high percentage of sequence identity with fugu rubripes cb(1a) and danio rerio cb1. by means of immunohistochemistry for cb1, sgnrh, and th, we found a codistribution of ... | 2005 | 15891041 |
| gabaergic modulation of the expression of genes involved in gaba synaptic transmission and stress in the hypothalamus and telencephalon of the female goldfish (carassius auratus). | gaba is one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the vertebrate central nervous system and is involved in neuroendocrine processes such as development, reproduction, feeding and stress. to examine the effect of gaba on gene expression in the brain, we used a cdna macroarray containing 26 genes involved in gaba synaptic transmission (gaba receptor subunits, gaba transporters), reproduction (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone isoforms and oestrogen receptor alpha), feeding (neuropeptide y and ch ... | 2005 | 15869561 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two types of cd8alpha from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | we cloned and sequenced full-length cdnas for two types of cd8alpha from the s3n strain of ginbuna crucian carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) and quantified the expression of cd8alpha genes after sensitization by scale grafting, employing a model system of clonal triploid ginbuna and tetraploid ginbuna-goldfish hybrids. rt-pcr yielded four different fragments of cd8alpha homologue from the s3n strain of ginbuna and these sequences were classified into two groups. the two types of ginbuna cd8al ... | 2005 | 15854681 |
| isolation, cloning, sequencing of brain type aromatase and its expression in male and female wrasse, pseudolabrus sieboldi. | pseudolabrus sieboldi, wrasse being a diurnal spawner provides a good opportunity to study the endocrine mechanism of estrogen formation in brain and gonads. moreover, an extremely large amount of e2 was produced in serum and testis of wrasse. it is assumed that the presence of e2 may play a major role in diurnal gametogenesis in male fish. in this study brain type aromatase have been isolated, cloned and sequenced from the brain of wrasse. further, the expression pattern of brain type aromatase ... | 2005 | 20035447 |
| temperature alters the respiratory surface area of crucian carp carassius carassius and goldfish carassius auratus. | we have previously found that the gills of crucian carp carassius carassius living in normoxic (aerated) water lack protruding lamellae, the primary site of o(2) uptake in fish, and that exposing them to hypoxia increases the respiratory surface area of the gills approximately 7.5-fold. we here examine whether this morphological change is triggered by temperature. we acclimated crucian carp to 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees c for 1 month, and investigated gill morphology, oxygen consumption and the c ... | 2005 | 15767311 |
| hearing in fishes under noise conditions. | our current knowledge on sound detection in fishes is mainly based on data acquired under quiet laboratory conditions. however, it is important to relate auditory thresholds to background noise in order to determine the signal-detecting abilities of animals in the natural environment. we investigated the influence of two noise levels within the naturally occurring range on the auditory sensitivity of two hearing specialists (otophysines) and a hearing generalist. audiograms of the goldfish caras ... | 2005 | 15735936 |
| a multiwall carbon nanotubes film-modified carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode for the determination of nitric oxide radical in liver mitochondria. | a novel chemically modified electrode based on the multiwall carbon nanotubes (mwnts) film-coated carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode (cfue) has been described for the determination of nitric oxide radical (.no). the electrochemical behaviors of mwnts-modified cfue have been characterized in 0.2 mmol l(-1) k(4)fe(cn)(6) and 0.1 mol l(-1) kcl solution. the nafion film was used to avoid some electroactive interferences. the amount of nafion was optimized, and some possible interferents [such as nitri ... | 2005 | 15713564 |
| effects of growth hormone on leucine absorption, intestinal morphology, and ultrastructure of the goldish intestine. | the mechanisms whereby exogenous growth hormone modulates intestinal structure and function in fish were investigated. goldfish (carassius auratus) were fed commercial flake diet sprayed with recombinant carp growth hormone (cgh) daily for 1 month. control animals received food sprayed with the vehicle. after 1 month of daily feedings, body mass and length were determined, and animals were sacrificed to study intestinal characteristics. sections of foregut were removed after determination of tot ... | 2004 | 15644934 |
| catecholamine depletion modulates serum lh levels, gad67 mrna, and gaba synthesis in the goldfish. | it is established that dopamine inhibits while gaba stimulates lh release in goldfish. in this study, we examine dopaminergic regulation of gabaergic activity in the hypothalamus of early recrudescent female goldfish (carassius auratus). we utilize a unique technique that permits concomitant quantification and correlation of in vivo gad65 and gad67 mrna with gaba synthesis rate in response to decreased dopamine levels. catecholamine depletion was achieved by treatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyro ... | 2005 | 15639145 |
| pentachlorophenol reduces b lymphocyte function through proinflammatory cytokines in carassius auratus. | cytokines and igm levels are important parameters in the acquired immunity of fish. in the present study, the effect of pentachlorophenol (pcp) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, tnf-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and il-1beta (interleukin 1) mrna levels of crucian carp, were determined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method. to put the deduction of pcp's immunotoxicity on b cell function, b cells secretion of igm under exposure of ... | 2005 | 15621336 |
| [the genetic structure of the european goldfish carassius auratus s. lato (cyprinidae) in ukrainian water bodies: an analysis of bisexual samples]. | biochemical gene mapping of goldfish populations in the middle dnieper basin demonstrated that 8 out of 17 studied enzyme and protein systems are uncoded by duplicated loci and two of them represent isoloci. noteworthily, the heterozygosity in the studied goldfish samples was significantly higher than the average for bony fish (hexp = 0.128, 0.135). cytometric analysis of the samples demonstrated that one of them includes about 20% of presumably triploid females that, nevertheless, did not demon ... | 2016 | 15615448 |
| spatial learning deficits after the development of dorsomedial telencephalon lesions in goldfish. | the effects of lesions in the dorsal area of the caudal telencephalon (carassius auratus) on the retention of spatial learning in goldfish were examined. the experimental paradigm was similar to the dry version of the morris water maze for rodents. after being trained to reach a criterion, goldfish underwent surgery and were then retrained. in the retraining, dorsomedial lesions resulted in poor performance, while dorsolateral lesions did not. in a landmark task in which a small circular colored ... | 2004 | 15597037 |
| growth and dietary utilisation in goldfish (carassius auratus linn.) fed diets formulated with various local agro-produces. | during a 60 d feeding trial, goldfish (carassius auratus) measuring 1.66+/-0.02 g by weight and 4.2+/-0.02 mm by length were fed diets containing 23.34%, 26.21%, 29.30%, 32.24% and 42.53% crude protein in feeds i through v respectively. the four formulated-diets (feeds i, ii, iv and v) contained groundnut oil-cake, wheat bran, soybean meal, fish meal, cod liver oil, vegetable oil and vitamin-mineral mixture with tapioca as binder and a commercially-available diet (feed iii) procured from the mar ... | 2005 | 15588775 |
| a drastic reduction in the basal level of heat-shock protein 90 in the brain of goldfish (carassius auratus) after administration of geldanamycin. | geldanamycin (ga), a specific inhibitor of the chaperoning function of heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90), has been shown to mimic heat shock (hs) in inducing expression of hsp90, hsp72 and other hsps in unstressed mammalian cells. in the present study, intra-cerebral treatment of goldfish with ga (at a dose of 0.1 microg/g-body weight) diminished basal hsp90 level to a 30-40% level in the brain, without affecting the basal hsp72 level, as assayed 28-48 h after treatment. whole-body exposure to hs si ... | 2004 | 15572859 |
| [distribution and cytogenetic features of triploid male goldfish from azov basin]. | when studying uni-bisexual goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio) populations in the azov basin in 1995-2000, we found triploid males, which constituted 2.5%, on average, of the total numbers of studied samples. the areas of nuclei of erythrocytes of triploid males were, on average, 1.35 times those in diploid males. at the same optical density of dna, the sizes of mature spermatozoon heads in triploid males were, on average, 1.8 times smaller than in diploid males, as follows from the data obtain ... | 2011 | 15552577 |
| in vivo and in vitro activities of the seed extract of piper guineense schum. and thonn. against skin and gill monogenean parasites of gold fish (carassius auratus auratus). | methanol extracts of the seeds of piper guineense (piperaceae) were active against gold fish (carassius auratus auratus l. pisces cyprinidae) monogenean parasites. the seed extract of p. guineense was administered at different concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg/l) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. there was a higher efficacy of the effects of the extracts against fish parasites under in vitro situations than under in vivo. three major compounds (piperanine, n-isobutyl (e,e)-2,4 decadienamide and de ... | 2004 | 15551399 |
| tissue-specific cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were exposed to copper (1-20 microm) in softened antwerp city tap water at ph 7.3 +/- 0.1 and with a water hardness of 292.4 +/- 8.1 mg/l caco(3) (ca 100.8 +/- 3.0 mg/l; mg 11.0 +/- 0.2 mg/l). lc50s (96 h) were determined and copper accumulation in gills, liver, and kidney assessed over a 10-day period. rainbow trout (96 h lc50: 3.3 microm/210 microg/l) were three times more sensitive to ... | 2004 | 15550275 |
| effect of microcystin-lr on protein phosphatase activity and glycogen content in isolated hepatocytes of fed and fasted juvenile goldfish carassius auratus l. | toxic effects of microcystin-lr were studied in hepatocytes isolated from fed and fasted juvenile goldfish carassius auratus (30 g body weight). the hepatocytes were incubated with 10 microgmc-lr l(-1) during 4 h. mc-lr induces no effect in terms of cell number and viability. the toxin accumulation pattern was different in fed and fasted treatments. mc-lr accumulated more rapidly in 'fasted' cells where the highest concentration was observed by 1 h of exposure. it was delayed to 4 h in the 'fed' ... | 2004 | 15530975 |
| acute toxicity of hexavalent chromium in isolated teleost hepatocytes. | acute toxic effects of hexavalent chromium [cr(vi)], a widely recognised carcinogenic, mutagenic and redox active metal, were investigated in isolated hepatocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus). exposure to 250 microm cr(vi) induced a significant decrease of cell viability from 94% in controls to 88% and 84% after 30 min and 4 h of exposure, respectively. cr-toxicity was associated with a concentration-dependent stimulation of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ros). as one potential sou ... | 2004 | 15522432 |
| molecular basis of transferrin polymorphism in goldfish (carassius auratus). | transferrin (tf) polymorphism was investigated in a color variety of goldfish (carassius auratus), and its molecular basis analyzed. three tf variants (a1, a2 and b1) were identified from an inbred strain of the goldfish, of which a1 and b1 displayed a large electrophoretic difference on both native and sds-page gels. the tf cdnas corresponding to variants a1 and b1 were cloned and sequenced from a1a1, a1b1 and b1b1 individuals, and their deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed. substantial a ... | 2004 | 15521429 |
| quantification of the effects of resperine on gonadotroph expression in the pituitary of goldfish (carassius auratus). | in many teleosts, the control of gonadotropin ii (or luteinizing hormone) secretion is under the dual control of stimulatory and inhibitory neuroendocrine factors. the principal stimulating factor is gonadotropin-releasing hormone and the main inhibitor is dopamine. inhibiting the activities of dopamine by antidopaminergic drugs potentiates the actions of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, resulting in a surge release of luteinizing hormone and ovulation and spawning in a number o ... | 2004 | 15503816 |
| acid-base regulation in isolated gill cells of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | mechanisms of acid release and intracellular ph (ph(i)) homeostasis were analysed in goldfish (carassius auratus) gill cells in primary culture. the rate of acid secretion was measured using a cytosensor microphysiometer, and ph(i) was determined using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis-(3-carboxypropyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (bcpcf). amiloride, a na(+) channel and na(+)/h(+) exchanger (nhe) inhibitor, had no effect on ph(i), but acid secretion of the gill cells was significantly impaired. i ... | 2004 | 15503056 |
| [karyotypic analysis from two clones of gynogenetic pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus of pengze)]. | pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus of pengze), one of the most popular cultural fishes in china, is an endemic bisexual population with natural gynogenetic reproduction mode. just like silver crucian carp, investigation on the karyotype of pengze crucian carp is important to understanding the diversity and the evolution of the unisexual vertebrates. two distinguishable gynogenetic clones of pengze crucian carp, named clone h and clone l, respectively,were detected recently. in this study, th ... | 2004 | 15481531 |
| cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio) nuclei and goldfish (carassius auratus) enucleated eggs. | in previous studies of nuclear transplantation, most cloned animals were obtained by intraspecies nuclear transfer and are phenotypically identical to their nuclear donors; furthermore, there was no further report on successful fish cloning since the report of cloned zebrafish. here we report the production of seven cross-genus cloned fish by transferring nuclei from transgenic common carp into enucleated eggs of goldfish. nuclear genomes of the cloned fish were exclusively derived from the nucl ... | 2005 | 15469998 |
| [triploid crucain carp-allotetraploid hybrids (male) x goldfish( hermaphrodite)]. | a new type of triploid crucian carp was generated by mating the males of the allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) (male), with the females the goldfish( carassius auratus red var.) which was red in color and possessed the biforked tails. the biological characteristics of one-year old triploid crucian carp including the number and karotype of chromosome, gonadosomatic indices and gonadal structures, appearance and grow ... | 2004 | 15468916 |
| immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol on macrophage immunity and igm secretion of the crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2004 | 15386086 |
| increased gad67 mrna levels are correlated with in vivo gaba synthesis in the mptp-treated catecholamine-depleted goldfish brain. | the role of catecholamine neuronal input on gabaergic activity in the hypothalamus, telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum was investigated in early recrudescent female goldfish (carassius auratus). a new quantitative technique was developed and validated, permitting concomitant quantification and correlational analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (gad65), gad67, and gad3 mrna levels and in vivo gaba synthesis. catecholamine depletion was achieved by the administration of 1-methyl-4-p ... | 2004 | 15363887 |
| the endothelin/sarafotoxin-induced increase of the proliferation of undifferentiated and dmso-differentiated gem-81 goldfish erythrophoroma cells is mediated by etb receptors. | endothelins (ets) and sarafotoxins (srtxs) have been reported to exert et(b)-mediated effects on vertebrate pigment cells. gem-81 cell line, a red pigment cell-derived cutaneous tumor of the teleost carassius auratus, expresses et(b) receptors and can be differentiated with 1.5% dmso treatment, thus constituting an useful model to investigate et and srtx effects on cultured fish pigment cells. our aim was to characterize the pharmacology and biological effects mediated by et receptors in dmso-di ... | 2004 | 15357834 |
| identification of two novel interferon-stimulated genes from cultured cab cells induced by uv-inactivated grass carp hemorrhage virus. | interferon (ifn) exerts its antiviral effect by inducing the expression of a number of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) to establish a host antiviral state. earlier studies identified some important fish ifn system genes from ifn-induced cab cells (crucian carp carassius auratus l. embryonic blastulae cells) after treatment with uv-inactivated gchv (grass carp hemorrhage virus). herein, the cloning of 2 novel ifn-stimulated genes, termed gig1 and gig2, is described for the same cell system. the compl ... | 2004 | 15352519 |
| [genetic analysis on diversity of reproductive modes of silver crucian carp inferred by transferrin and isozyme markers]. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been known for its gynogenetic reproduction. in this paper, eggs from clone f of gynogenetic silver crucian carp were inseminated respectively by sperms of clone d, clone a and common carp, and polymorphic patterns of transferrin and isozymes of the produced three offspring fd, fa and fl were studied comparatively to explore the diversity in reproductive modes of silver crucian carp. as control, zymograms of fl progenies exhibited a maternally ... | 2002 | 15346982 |
| acoustical stress and hearing sensitivity in fishes: does the linear threshold shift hypothesis hold water? | mammals exposed to loud aerial sounds exhibit temporary threshold shifts (tts) that are linearly related to increases of sound pressure above baseline hearing levels. it was unknown if this relationship held true for aquatic ectotherms such as fishes. to test this linear threshold shift hypothesis (lints) in fishes, we examined the effects of increased ambient sound on hearing of two species differing in hearing capabilities: goldfish (carassius auratus; a hearing specialist) and tilapia (oreoch ... | 2004 | 15339955 |
| effects of chlorpheniramine and l-histidine on vestibular compensation in goldfish, carassius auratus. | histamine is thought to be involved in the recovery of vestibular function after damage to the vestibular receptors of the inner ear. this study evaluated the effects of post-operative treatment using chlorpheniramine (h1 histamine antagonist) and l-histidine, (a histaminergic precursor), after hemilabyrinthectomy in goldfish. in this lesion model, the unilateral removal of the labyrinth induces a transient postural imbalance in response to light. after the lesion, the animals were injected intr ... | 2004 | 15331143 |
| [effects of copper (cu2+) and cu-edta complex on the induction of hsp70 in the fish brain]. | the effects of copper (cu2+) and cu-edta complex on the induction of hsp70 in the fish brain were studied. after the fish (carassius auratus) were exposed to the experimental concentrations for forty days, the sds-page and western blotting techniques were used to detect the expression level of hsp70 in the fish brain. the results showed that cu2+ and cu-edta complex can induce the expression of hsp70 significantly. comparing with the test groups exposed to cu2+, the cu-edta complex had changed t ... | 2004 | 15327262 |
| effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, carassius auratus. | four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (ria), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (gst) and udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt), were measured using the modified methods as describ ... | 2004 | 15294436 |
| identification of a novel c1q family member in color crucian carp (carassius auratus) ovary. | potential roles of c1q/tumor necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily proteins have been observed in vertebrate oogenesis and oocyte maturation, but no ovary-specific member has been identified so far. in this study, we have cloned and identified a novel member of c1q family with a c1q domain in the c-terminal from fully grown oocyte cdna library of color crucian carp and demonstrated that the gene might be specifically expressed in ovary and therefore designated as carassius auratus ovary-specific c1q ... | 2004 | 15253877 |
| encoding of geometric and featural spatial information by goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish (carassius auratus) were trained in different place-finding tasks as a means of analyzing their ability to encode the geometric and the featural properties of the environment. results showed that goldfish could encode and use both geometric and featural information to navigate. goldfish trained in a maplike, or relational, procedure encoded both types of information in a single representation. in contrast, fish trained in a directly cued procedure developed 2 independent and competing s ... | 2004 | 15250808 |
| gill metaplasia in a goldfish, carassius auratus auratus (l.). | | 2004 | 15228611 |
| preferential pcr amplification of parasitic protistan small subunit rdna from metazoan tissues. | a "universal non-metazoan" polymerase chain reaction (unonmet-pcr) that selectively amplifies a segment of nonmetazoan small subunit (ssu) rdna gene was validated. the primers used were: 18s-euk581-f (5'-gtgccagcagccgcg-3') and 18s-euk1134-r (5'-tttaagtttcagccttgcg-3') with specificity provided by the 19-base reverse primer. its target site is highly conserved across the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes (including fungi), but not most metazoa (except porifera, ctenophora, and myxozoa) which hav ... | 2009 | 15218702 |
| lesions of the medial pallium, but not of the lateral pallium, disrupt spaced-trial avoidance learning in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the effects of telencephalic lesions of the medial pallium (mp) and lateral pallium (lp) of goldfish on avoidance learning were studied in a two-way, shuttle response, spaced-trial avoidance conditioning situation. animals received one trial per day, a training regime that permits the assessment of avoidance learning in the absence of stimulus carry-over effects from prior trials. control and lp-lesioned goldfish exhibited significantly faster avoidance learning than mp-lesioned animals. these r ... | 2004 | 15193757 |
| enhancement of antigen uptake and antibody production in goldfish (carassius auratus) following bath immunization and ultrasound treatment. | ultrasound irradiation and hyperosmotic treatments were compared as facilitators of antigen (bsa) penetration through the skin by bath vaccination and as enhancers of the antibody response in goldfish. the kinetics of bsa penetration and accumulation into the skin, and via it to the blood, and the consequent specific stimulation of the humoral immune response, were studied. the main findings are: (1). ultrasonic treatment is more effective than hyperosmotic treatment in enhancing both antigen tr ... | 2004 | 15193392 |
| cell culture of clonal ginbuna crucian carp hematopoietic cells: differentiation of cultured cells into erythrocytes in vivo. | we cultivated kidney hematopoietic cells from clonal triploid ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. proliferating cells from hematopoietic cell cultures were harvested and injected into tetraploid hybrids (clonal triploid ginbuna and goldfish hybrid) which possess three sets of chromosomes from a triploid clone and a haploid set of chromosomes from goldfish (carassius auratus). after injection of cultured triploid cells (donor cells), blood samples were obtained from tetraploid hy ... | 2004 | 15183027 |
| kinetic characters and resistance to inhibition of crude and purified brain acetylcholinesterase of three freshwater fishes by organophosphates. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) was purified from the brain of three fresh-water fishes, topmouth gudgeon (pseudorasbora parva), goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) and rainbow trout (oncorrhychus mykiss, formerly named salmo gairdneri) by peg2000/phosphate-salt two phases extraction, deae-sephadex a-50 and sephadex g-200 chromatography. kinetic characters and resistance to inhibition of crude and purified enzymes by organophosphates were then studied. although the crude enzyme from the trout displ ... | 2004 | 15177947 |
| peptide effects on social behavior: effects of vasotocin and isotocin on social approach behavior in male goldfish (carassius auratus). | the authors measured the effects of centrally infused peptides on social approach behaviors in goldfish (carassius auratus), a social teleost. vasotocin (vt) inhibited approach responses toward the visual stimuli of conspecifics in the absence of aggressive or sexual olfactory contextual cues in males, and a v1 receptor antagonist stimulated such responses, at least in males that were not highly social in baseline conditions, as did isotocin (it). in the absence of social stimuli, vt did not aff ... | 2004 | 15174940 |
| effects of atrazine on sex steroid dynamics, plasma vitellogenin concentration and gonad development in adult goldfish (carassius auratus). | sexually mature goldfish (carassius auratus) of both sexes were exposed to two doses (100 and 1000 microg/l) of the widely used herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) for a period of 21 days and effects on the concentrations of gonad and plasma sex steroids (testosterone (t), 17beta-estradiol (e2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt)), plasma vitellogenin (vtg) and gonad histo-morphology assessed. atrazine did not show any obvious estrogenic effect in males, as determi ... | 2004 | 15168945 |
| enzyme treatment of trypanosoma danilewskyi (laveran and mesnil) increases its susceptibility to lysis by the alternative complement pathway of goldfish, carassius auratus (l.). | this study examined whether in vitro-cultured trypanosoma danilewskyi were susceptible to lysis in the presence or absence of anti-parasite antibodies and complement. cultured trypanosomes were resistant to lysis by either immune or non-immune goldfish serum. however, trypanosomes treated with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin, which destroys surface proteins of the parasites, became susceptible to lysis when exposed to either immune or non-immune goldfish serum. the lysis by goldfish serum was dep ... | 2004 | 15139906 |
| genotoxicity of 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2h-benzotriazole (pbta-6) and 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitro-biphenyl (addb) in goldfish (carassius auratus) using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. | 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-amino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2h-benzotriazole (pbta-6) and 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl (addb) are two compounds, which show strong mutagenicity toward bacteria, that have been identified as major mutagens in river water in japan. in the present study, we examined the genotoxicity of pbta-6 and addb in goldfish (carassius auratus) by the micronucleus test and single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). the frequencies ... | 2004 | 15099822 |
| effects of water-soluble fractions of diesel oil on the antioxidant defenses of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | larval goldfish carassius auratus were exposed to 0.05 and 0.1 mg/l no. 20 diesel oil, widely used as transportation power in china, for 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 25, and 40 days, while one control group was designated for each exposure group. some fish after 25 days of exposure were transferred to diluted water until the 40th day. hepatic antioxidant defense parameters of fish, including contents of reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathio ... | 2004 | 15087171 |
| effects of telencephalic ablation on shoaling behavior in goldfish. | the role of the telencephalon in the shoaling behavior of the goldfish, carassius auratus, was investigated. experiments were carried out in a tank divided into three compartments. subjects were introduced into the center compartment of the tank. in the activity phase, subjects swam alone, and swimming distance was used as an index of activity. in the shoaling behavior phase, a stimulus fish was introduced into one of the side compartments, and the time spent near the side compartment by the sub ... | 2004 | 15059693 |
| development of an immunosensor for the detection of vitellogenin using impedance spectroscopy. | a simple and direct immunosensor for the determination of carp (carassius auratus) vitellogenin (vtg), a female-specific protein, has been proposed based on an antibody-captured conducting polymer-coated electrode. the monoclonal antibody specific to carp (c. auratus) vtg was immobilized by covalent coupling to the carboxylic acid group on the polymer. the antibody immobilization and antibody-antigen interaction have been demonstrated by means of quartz crystal microbalance and impedance spectro ... | 2004 | 15046756 |
| differential expression of two carassius auratus mx genes in cultured cab cells induced by grass carp hemorrhage virus and interferon. | uv-inactivated gchv (grass carp hemorrhage virus) is able to induce an antiviral state in cultured cab cells (crucian carp carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells) via the production of interferon (ifn). in the current work, the full-length cdnas of two mx genes, termed camx1 and camx2, have been cloned and sequenced from uv-inactivated gchv-infected and still ifn-producing cab cells by suppression subtractive hybridization. their putative proteins show the characteristically structural feat ... | 2004 | 15045470 |
| time course of brain cholinesterase inhibition and recovery following acute and subacute azinphosmethyl, parathion and carbaryl exposure in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | laboratory toxicity data contrasting mortality and brain cholinesterase inhibition in the goldfish (carassius auratus) are presented. brain cholinesterase (che) was greatly reduced after 96 h of exposure in vivo at sublethal concentrations of azinphosmethyl and parathion. the inhibition of the enzyme was dose dependent, and concentrations higher than 0.1mg/l caused more than 90% inhibition. the effect of carbaryl was less pronounced, achieving an 86% inhibition at concentrations corresponding to ... | 2004 | 15041264 |
| effects of nonylphenol and phytoestrogen-enriched diet on plasma vitellogenin, steroid hormone, hepatic cytochrome p450 1a, and glutathione-s-transferase values in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the effects of nonylphenol (np) on plasma vitellogenin (vtg) and steroid hormone values, as well as hepatic cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activities, were measured in goldfish (carassius auratus) fed a diet with a low (formulated diet, fd) or high (commercial diet, cd) content of phytoestrogens, including genistein and daidzein. male goldfish with secondary sexual characteristics were exposed to nominal np concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 microg/l in the w ... | 2004 | 15027619 |
| effects of running water on brainstem lateral line responses in trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, to sinusoidal wave stimuli. | we investigated how single units in the medial octavolateralis nucleus of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, respond to a 50-hz vibrating sphere in still and running water. four types of units were distinguished. type mi units ( n=16) were flow-sensitive; their ongoing discharge rates either increased or decreased in running water, and as a consequence, responses of these units to the vibrating sphere were masked if the fish was exposed to water flow. type mii units ( n=7) were not flow-sen ... | 2004 | 14997333 |
| pluripotency of cryopreserved blastomeres of the goldfish. | to examine the pluripotency of cryopreserved blastomeres, we transplanted them into blastula. donor blastomeres were prepared from blastula of goldfish (carassius auratus) and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for two months. fifty-five percent and 44% of blastomeres survived after thawing. cryopreserved blastomeres were transplanted to the blastula of triploid crucian carp (c. a. longsdorfii), which reproduces gynogenetically in nature. at four days after the operation, resultant chimeric embryo ... | 2004 | 14743512 |
| a c-type lectin associated and translocated with cortical granules during oocyte maturation and egg fertilization in fish. | oocyte maturation and egg fertilization in both vertebrates and invertebrates are marked by orchestrated cytoplasmic translocation of secretory vesicles known as cortical granules. it is thought that such redistribution of cellular content is critical for asymmetrical cell division during early development, but the mechanism and regulation of the process is poorly understood. here we report the identification, purification and cdna cloning of a c-type lectin from oocytes of a freshwater fish spe ... | 2004 | 14732397 |
| proteome comparative analysis of gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish (carassius auratus). | recently, it was found that in the gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish, which have exactly the same genome, the haploid condition results in obstruction of gene expression and abnormal development while the diploid embryos have normal gene expression and development. a diploid-dependent regulatory apparatus was proposed to regulate gene expression. to study the difference at the protein expression level of the embryos of haploid and diploid in development, we extracted the total ... | 2004 | 14730685 |
| chemobehavioral changes induced by short-term exposures to prochloraz, nicosulfuron, and carbofuran in goldfish. | the behavioral effects of short periods (2, 4, 6, 8 h) of static exposure to prochloraz (imidazole fungicide) and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicide) were recorded in goldfish (carassius auratus). observations were also made in an olfactometer to assess the effects of 8-h exposures to these two pesticides and to carbofuran (carbamate insecticide) on the behavioral responses to the flow of a solution of four l-amino acids (glycine, alanine, valine, taurine), mixed in the same relative proportio ... | 2003 | 14708668 |
| effects of cortisol on food intake, growth, and forebrain neuropeptide y and corticotropin-releasing factor gene expression in goldfish. | although elevated plasma cortisol levels and a reduction in food intake are common features of the response to stress in fish, the potential role of cortisol in the regulation of food intake in these animals is poorly understood. in this study, goldfish (carassius auratus) were fed ad libitum for 21 days diets prepared to contain 0 (control), 50 (low) or 500 (high) microg cortisol/g of food. while feeding remained unchanged in controls and in fish fed the high cortisol diet, daily food intake gr ... | 2004 | 14697310 |
| effects of cu2+, cro4(2-), co2+ and pb2+ on the monovalent ion content of goldfish (carassius auratus gibelio) tissues studied by x-ray microanalysis. | carassius auratus gibelio was chosen as an organism with a high level of tolerance against heavy metal to investigate changes in monovalent ions content in its tissues. fish were kept in 10 ppm cu2+ (3h), cro4(2-) (96h), co2+ (96h), pb2+ (8h) and control (96h) solutions, then tissues were dissected and prepared for x-ray microanalysis. k+, na+ and cl- concentration was measured and calculated. short periods of time of fish acclimation to cu2+ (3h) and pb2+ (8h) caused fish to suffocate as a cons ... | 2003 | 14686657 |
| coexistence of a sexual and an unisexual form stabilized by parasites. | an unisexual species (either parthenogenetic or gynogenetic form) often coexists sympatrically with a closely related anisogamous sexual species, forming a unisexual complex. this is puzzling because, all else being equal, a sexual population with the two-fold cost of sex (or the cost of producing males) cannot coexist with a unisexual population. this suggests that some ecological processes are at work to make possible the coexistence of the unisexual complex. field and laboratory studies sugge ... | 2004 | 14643188 |
| in vivo implants of beta-sitosterol cause reductions of reactive cholesterol pools in mitochondria isolated from gonads of male goldfish (carassius auratus). | beta-sitosterol, a phytosterol found in high concentrations in pulp mill effluents, has been proposed as one of the causative agents for steroid depressions observed in fish exposed to pulp mill effluents. previous studies have suggested a cholesterol-mediated mechanism; however, it is unknown how beta-sitosterol depresses gonadal steroidogenesis. in this study, adult male goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed for 24-31 days to beta-sitosterol (55% of a phytosterol mixture or 96% pure; 150 m ... | 2003 | 14636632 |
| differential metallothionein induction patterns in three freshwater fish during sublethal copper exposure. | we assessed whether fish that tolerate higher levels of cu exposure have a higher capacity to induce metallothionein (mt) synthesis than other, more sensitive, fish species. furthermore, we examined if a correlation could be found between tissue cu accumulation and mt levels. cu accumulation and mt concentrations in gill, liver, kidney and muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) were measured during a 1 week exposure ... | 2003 | 14568355 |
| involvement of the telencephalon in spaced-trial avoidance learning in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish (carassius auratus) received escape-avoidance training in a shuttle-response situation at a rate of a single trial per day. widely spaced training evaluates the ability of a discriminative stimulus to control an avoidance response in the absence of stimulus carry-over effects from prior recent trials. in experiment 1, master goldfish exhibited significantly faster avoidance learning than yoked controls. the results suggest that the shuttle response was instrumentally acquired. experimen ... | 2003 | 14568307 |
| a role for nitric oxide in hypoxia-induced activation of cardiac katp channels in goldfish (carassius auratus). | hypoxia-induced shortening of cardiac action potential duration (apd) has been attributed in mammalian hearts to the activation of atp-sensitive potassium (katp) channels. since katp channels are also present at high densities in the hearts of vertebrate ectotherms, speculation arises as to their function during periods of reduced environmental oxygen. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether nitric oxide (no) plays a role in cardiac sarcolemmal katp channel activation during hy ... | 2003 | 14555746 |
| examination of reproductive endpoints in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed in situ to municipal sewage treatment plant effluent discharges in michigan, usa. | effects of representative mid-michigan (usa) wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents on the reproductive physiology of common goldfish (carassius auratus) were assessed in situ by measuring plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (vtg), 17 beta-estradiol (e2), and testosterone (t), and evaluating gonad histology. caged adult male and female goldfish were exposed for six weeks to wwtp effluents. one riverine site and one lacustrine site were included as references for comparison to wwtp sites. ... | 2003 | 14552007 |
| [cloning of hemoglobin alpha-chain cdna sequences from five fishes in cypriniformes]. | oxygen content in water is one of the limit factors to the fish growing. the tolerance of fish to low oxygen content depends on the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen. the tempt of transgenic fish study is to transfer hemoglobin gene from the fish that tolerates to low oxygen content in water to the fish sensitive to low oxygen condition. therefore, using hemoglobin gene to breed new varieties may become a main trend in the near future. to explore the underline mechanisms for the variation of hemo ... | 2003 | 12939797 |
| a hydrodynamic topographic map in the midbrain of goldfish carassius auratus. | sensory systems often consist of several parallel pathways. within each pathway, sensory information may be processed in topographically arranged maps or in maps derived by neuronal computation. parallel pathways have so far not been described in the central lateral line system of teleost fish at levels higher than the medulla, and evidence for midbrain lateral line maps in fish is still weak. we found two classes of units with different response patterns in the central lateral line nucleus in t ... | 2003 | 12939378 |
| 3,4-dichloroaniline-induced oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | 3,4-dichloroaniline (dca) and its analogs are widely used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides, azo dyes, and pharmaceuticals. they bring danger to growth, development, and propagation of aquatic organisms. the purpose of this study was to show dca-induced oxidative stress response in liver of crucian carp (carassius auratus). superoxide dismutase (sod), malondialdehyde (mda), glutathione (gsh), nitric oxide (no), and no synthase (nos) in liver were measured in crucian carp a ... | 2003 | 12927556 |
| [the chromosome number and gonadal structure of f9-f11 allotetraploid crucian-carp]. | in this paper, the chromosome number of f9-f11 hybridis of red crucian (carassius auratus) x common carp(cryprinus carpio) was examined by means of kidney cell-pha culture. the results showed that f9-f11 allotetraploids possessed 200 chromosomes, with the karyotype formula 44 m + 68 sm + 44 st + 44 t, which were the same as the data indicated in f3-f8 allotetraploids. both female and male of f9-f11 allotetraploids had the normal ovaries and testes that were able to produce the normal dipoid ova ... | 2003 | 12924154 |
| recovery of c-starts, equilibrium and targeted feeding after whole spinal cord crush in the adult goldfish carassius auratus. | central nervous system neurons of many adult teleost fish are capable of regrowth across spinal cord lesions, which may result in behavioral recovery of swimming. since there have been few, if any, studies that examine the return of behaviors other than swimming, we provide a quantitative analysis of the recovery of c-starts that occur in adult goldfish after spinal cord injury. in addition, we include a qualitative analysis of the return of targeted feeding and equilibrium. whole spinal cord cr ... | 2003 | 12878670 |
| circadian variations of melatonin binding sites in the goldfish brain. | daily and circadian variations in melatonin binding sites in the brain of goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined by radioreceptor assay. under light-dark cycles of 12:12 h, the density (b(max)) of melatonin binding sites in the brain exhibited daily variations with a peak and a trough seen around the light offset and 2 h before light onset, respectively. the affinity (k(d)) exhibited no variation. the rhythm in the b(max) persisted even under constant darkness with higher levels during the l ... | 2003 | 12865139 |
| comparative studies on in vitro sperm decondensation and pronucleus formation in egg extracts between gynogenetic and bisexual fish. | a cell-free system based upon the egg extracts from gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio) or bisexual red common carp (cyprinus carpio red variety) was developed to investigate developmental behaviors of the demembranated sperm nuclei. both red common carp and gibel carp sperm nuclei could decondense fully and form pronuclei in the red common carp egg extracts. gibel carp sperm nuclei could also decondense fully and form pronuclei in the gibel carp egg extracts, but red common carp ... | 2003 | 12862316 |
| in vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent. | the androgenic potential of a new zealand pulp and paper mill effluent was measured by applying a combination of in vitro and in vivo bioassays with mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) and goldfish (carassius auratus). the in vivo method assessed the rate of gonopodial development (masculinization) and alterations from normal reproductive behavior in adult female mosquitofish exposed for 21 d to untreated or secondary-treated pulp mill effluent. a second in vivo mosquitofish exposure tested the effe ... | 2003 | 12836968 |
| neuromuscular transmission of pectoral fin muscles of the goldfish carassius auratus. | the electrical properties and neuromuscular transmission of white and red fibers of pectoral fin muscles of the goldfish carassius auratus were studied using an intracellular recording technique. the pectoral fin muscles consist mainly of white and red fibers. almost all of white fibers elicited action potentials with overshoot by direct stimulation, but graded responses appeared in the red fibers. however, overshooting action potentials were often recorded from the red fibers in saline containi ... | 2003 | 12829051 |
| [effect of adrenaline on amylolytic activity of intestinal mucose, glycemia level, glycogen concentration in tissues of carp carassius auratus and carp carassius carassius]. | | 2013 | 12815969 |
| the role of telencephalic nmda receptors in avoidance learning in goldfish (carassius auratus). | studies with goldfish (carassius auratus) have suggested that n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors are concentrated most densely in the telencephalon, a simple structure homologous to the limbic structure of higher vertebrates. the present study investigated the amnestic effects of microinjections of the nmda receptor antagonist d(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (d-ap5) to the goldfish telencephalon on avoidance conditioning. results showed that microinjections of d-ap5 before training imp ... | 2003 | 12802883 |
| effects of running water on lateral line responses to moving objects. | we investigated in goldfish, carassius auratus, and trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, how running water affects the responses of afferent fibers in the posterior lateral line nerve and of lateral line units in the brainstem medial octavolateralis nucleus to an object that is moved from anterior to posterior or opposite along the side of the fish. in still water, nerve fibers in both species responded to the moving object with alternating periods of increased and decreased firing rate. most fibers in g ... | 2003 | 12784057 |
| hepatic accumulation and effects of microcystin-lr on juvenile goldfish carassius auratus l. | after intraperitoneal injection of microcystin-lr (mc-lr) (125 microg kg(-1) body wt.), the concentration of mc-lr in the liver of juvenile goldfish carassius auratus (30 g body wt.) was assayed by a modified protein phosphatase inhibition method. a temporary accumulation occurred from 3 to 48 h post-injection, followed by a significant decrease between 48 and 96 h. under our experimental conditions, contamination by mc-lr did not change ionic homeostasis, as attested by blood osmolality values ... | 2003 | 12781839 |
| infection in the fins of the goldfish carassius auratus caused by myxobolus diversus (myxosporea). | during health surveys of 7- to 9-week-old goldfish (carassius auratus l.) fingerlings in a fish farm near budapest, hungary, myxosporean plasmodia were observed on the fins. plasmodia were most frequently found at the intersegmental joints of the finrays. spores of myxobolus diversus nie et li, 1973 known from china, were detectable in the mature plasmodia located within the lumen, and less often on the surface, of the cartilaginous finrays. the external wall of the plasmodia was constituted by ... | 2003 | 12735721 |
| olfactory sensitivity to catecholamines and their metabolites in the goldfish. | the current study assessed the olfactory sensitivity of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) to the catecholamines, their immediate precursors and metabolites by use of the electro-olfactogram (eog). the olfactory system of the goldfish was found to be sensitive to both adrenaline and dopamine with thresholds of detection of 10(-7.8) and 10(-7.9) m respectively, but less so to noradrenaline (threshold of detection 10(-6.3) m). the 3-o-methoxy metabolites (metadrenaline, normetadrenaline and 3-o-m ... | 2003 | 12714443 |
| role of leptin in the control of feeding of goldfish carassius auratus: interactions with cholecystokinin, neuropeptide y and orexin a, and modulation by fasting. | to assess the role of leptin on food intake regulation in goldfish, we examined the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, icv) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, ip) injections of recombinant murine leptin on feeding behavior. centrally (100 ng/g) and peripherally (300 ng/g) injected leptin both caused a significant decrease in food intake, compared to the saline-treated controls. to test the hypothesis that leptin influenced orexigenic neuropeptide systems in goldfish, fish were co-injecte ... | 2003 | 12711082 |
| polyamines as olfactory stimuli in the goldfish carassius auratus. | electrophysiological responses of goldfish olfactory receptor neurons (orns) and goldfish behavioral responses to polyamines were investigated in vivo. electro-olfactogram (eog) recordings indicated that polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine and spermine) are potent olfactory stimuli for goldfish with estimated electrophysiological thresholds of 10(-8)-10(-7) mol l(-1), similar to that for l-arginine, the most stimulatory amino acid. although thresholds were similar, the magnitude of the eog respon ... | 2003 | 12682100 |
| uptake and accumulation of mercury from dental amalgam in the common goldfish, carassius auratus. | in this study, the bioavailability and accumulation of mercury from external environmental exposure to mixed, cured, milled, sieved and proportioned dental amalgam was examined in the common goldfish, carassius auratus. fish were exposed to dental amalgam (particle size range from < 0.10 to 3.15 mm) in order to represent the particle size and distribution of that found within the typical dental office wastewater discharge stream. experimental amalgam water loadings were 0 g/l, 0.5 g/l and 1 g/l ... | 2003 | 12685760 |
| reproduction mode of an artificial allotetraploid carp (pisces; cyprinidae). | mature eggs of allotetraploid carp were activated by inactive sperm or crossed with normal sperms of common carp (cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (carassius auratus), chinese blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), hemiculter leucisculus and pseudorasbora parva. chromosome counts showed that all offspring of these crosses presented a mode number of 200 chromosomes (4n = 200), and their morphological traits are much like maternal. microsatelite marker and rapd patterns between allotetraploid ... | 2002 | 12627840 |
| effects of a phytosterol mixture on male fish plasma lipoprotein fractions and testis p450scc activity. | plant sterols (phytosterols) have been identified as one potential source of reproductive effects in fish living downstream of pulp mills. beta-sitosterol, the predominant plant sterol in pulp mill effluent, has previously been shown to decrease plasma sex steroid and cholesterol levels and in vitro gonadal steroid production in fish. in this study, male brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to a phytosterol mixture (72% beta-sitosterol) via silastic i ... | 2003 | 12568795 |
| [studies on genetic diversity in gonochoristic offspring produced from mating between two different gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp]. | based on the discovery of gonochoristic reproductive mode in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio), 18 individuals from the mated offspring between clone f and clone d and their parents were analyzed using 11 rapd primers. the mated offspring differentiated into three phenotypes. one phenotype is similar to that of clone f (sf). the second is similar to that of clone d (sd). the third shows a novel longer and thinner body type (nl). electrophoretogram results show abundant polymorhic d ... | 2001 | 12549217 |
| comparisons of calcium regulation in fish larvae. | the purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of larvae of different species, goldfish (carassius auratus), zebrafish (danio rerio), and ayu (plecoglossus altivelis), to regulate their calcium balance. whole-body ca(2+) content and ca(2+) influx in the larvae of the three species, which were incubated in low- (0.02 mm), mid- (0.2 mm), and high- (2.0 mm) ca(2+) artificial fresh water from embryonic stages, were compared. the ca(2+) uptake kinetics were determined in zebrafish and go ... | 2003 | 12541296 |
| physiologic ph changes modulate calcium ion dependence of brain nitric oxide synthase in carassius auratus. | species of the fish genus carassius survive prolonged anoxia. nitric oxide (no) regulates cerebral blood flow in these fish during normoxic conditions whereas adenosine is the main vasoregulating molecule during anoxia. we investigated the calcium ion dependence of carassius auratus brain no synthase (nos) as a function of ph. the physiological ph decrease from 7.2 to 6.8, which takes place during anoxia, greatly decreases nos activity. this strong ph dependence is mainly due to variation of the ... | 2003 | 12495813 |
| circadian variation of brain histamine in goldfish. | teleosts may make an excellent model to study brain histamine function. fishes are phylogenetically closer to the basic vertebrate blueprint than higher vertebrates. they appear to have a simpler histaminergic system in terms of central nervous system distribution and, contrary to higher vertebrates, brain histamine appears to be strictly neuronal. in this preliminary study, we examined circadian variation of brain histamine in goldfish, carassius auratus, as this neurotransmitter correlates wit ... | 2003 | 12464402 |
| fluorescein: a rapid, sensitive, nonlethal method for detecting skin ulceration in fish. | there is a need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate methods for assessing health in fish populations. in this study we demonstrate that use of fluorescein, a nontoxic fluorescent dye, can rapidly and easily detect the presence of skin ulcers in all fish tested, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), goldfish (carassius auratus), and hybrid striped bass (morone saxatilis male x m. chrysops female). exposure of fish to as little as 0.10 mg fluoresc ... | 2002 | 12450204 |
| [mitochondrial dna variation in goldfish carassius auratus gibelio from water reservoirs in the far east]. | mtdna variation of goldfish samples from several water bodies of southern primorye was examined by rflp analysis. high mtdna polymorphism was found in the river populations but not in the lake ones. considerable among-haplotype divergence was found within samples, which suggests periodic gene exchange between populations having long histories of independent evolution. the absence of substantial differences between clusters of mtdna haplotypes indicates recurrent transfer from bisexual to gynogen ... | 2002 | 12449649 |
| factors affecting the efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transplantation in the fish embryo. | procedures to improve somatic cell nuclear transplantation in fish were evaluated. we reported effects of nonirradiated recipient eggs, inactivated recipient eggs, different combinations between recipient eggs and donor cells, duration of serum starvation, generation number, and passage number of donor cells on developmental rates of nuclear transplant (nt) embryos. exposure to 25,000 r of gamma-rays inactivated recipient eggs. single nucleus of cultured, synchronized somatic cell from gynogenet ... | 2002 | 12410600 |
| karyotypic diversity in polyploid gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio bloch. | polyploid gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is an excellent model system for evolutionary genetics owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. comparative karyotype studies were performed in three cultured clones, one artificially manipulated group, and one mated group between two clones. both the clones a and p had 156 chromosomes in their karyotypes, with 36 metacentric, 54 submetacentric, 36 subtelocentric, 24 acrocentric, and six small chromosomes. the karyotype of ... | 2002 | 12403177 |
| in vitro uptake and metabolism of testosterone by goldfish, carassius auratus, mesenteric adipose tissue. | mesenteric adipose tissue was removed from adult goldfish, carassius auratus, and incubated in vitro with (1alpha,2alpha)-3[h]testosterone (t). total radioactivity in the medium decreased and tissue total radioactivity increased in a time-dependent fashion between 1 and 6 h of incubation with maximum uptake occurring between 4 and 6 h. after ether extraction and thin layer chromatography the amount of radioactivity comigrating with authentic t standard decreased over time in both medium and tiss ... | 2002 | 12383447 |
| efferent connections of the cerebellum of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | efferent fiber connections of the corpus and valvula cerebelli in the goldfish, carassius auratus, were studied using an anterograde neural fiber tracing technique. efferent targets of the corpus cerebelli are the posterior parvocellular preoptic nucleus, the ventromedial and ventrolateral thalamic nucleus, dorsal posterior thalamic nucleus, periventricular nucleus of posterior tuberculum, dorsal periventricular pretectal nucleus, inferior lobe, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, nucleus of the ... | 2002 | 12239469 |
| lateral line reception in still- and running water. | the lateral line of fish is composed of neuromasts used to detect water motions. neuromasts occur as superficial neuromasts on the skin and as canal neuromasts in subepidermal canals. fibres of the lateral line nerves innervate both. there have been extensive studies on the responses of lateral line nerve fibres to dipole stimuli applied in still water. however, despite the fact that many fish live in rivers and/or swim constantly, responses of lateral line nerve fibres to dipole stimuli present ... | 2002 | 12209340 |
| possible disruption of pheromonal communication by humic acid in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | humic acids are large, complex, organic molecules which are ubiquitous components of aquatic environments as products of degradation of plant material. in aqueous solution they form microvesicles. as many teleost pheromones are steroidal in nature, we hypothesised that they would preferentially dissolve in the organic, hydrophobic core of these vesicles instead of in water and therefore be unavailable for detection. this would have obvious and profound effects on many aspects of fish biology. to ... | 2002 | 12200084 |
| a major substrate for mpf: cdna cloning and expression of polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 gamma from goldfish (carassius auratus). | one of the eukaryotic polypeptide chain elongation factors, ef-1 beta gamma delta complex, is involved in polypeptide chain elongation via the gdp/gtp exchange activity of ef-1 alpha. in the complex, ef-1 gamma has been reported to be a major substrate for maturation promoting factor (mpf). here, we present the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of goldfish, carassius auratus, ef-1 gamma from the goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna was 1490 bp in length and encoded 442 amino acids. the dedu ... | 2002 | 12180134 |
| brain hsp70 mrna expression is linked with plasma cortisol levels in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to a potential predator. | we previously found that when goldfish were exposed to a potential predator, bluegills, the goldfish experienced an increase in hsp70 mrna expression in the brains and increased plasma cortisol levels. in the present study, we examined the potential causative relationship between hsp70 mrna expression and plasma cortisol levels. cortisol agonists (corticotropin releasing factor and cortisol) and antagonists (metyrapone and betamethasone) were used to modulate plasma cortisol levels. hsp70 mrna e ... | 2002 | 12149573 |