| a novel virus in the family hypoviridae from the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | a double-stranded (ds) rna element, sized at approximately 13 kb pairs, was purified from a field isolate, hn10, of fusarium graminearum. the coding strand of the dsrna was 13,023 nucleotides (nt) long (excluding the 3' poly(a) tail) and was predicted to contain two discontiguous open reading frames (orf a and orf b). the 5' proximal orf a of 531 nt encoded a protein of 176 amino acids (aa), and a blast search showed it to be similar to the putative papain-like protease domains encoded by valsa ... | 2013 | 23499998 |
| insight into mycoviruses infecting fusarium species. | most of the major fungal families including plant-pathogenic fungi, yeasts, and mushrooms are infected by mycoviruses, and many double-stranded rna (dsrna) mycoviruses have been recently identified from diverse plant-pathogenic fusarium species. the frequency of occurrence of dsrnas is high in fusarium poae but low in other fusarium species. most fusarium mycoviruses do not cause any morphological changes in the host but some mycoviruses like fusarium graminearum virus 1 (fgv1) cause hypovirulen ... | 2013 | 23498910 |
| extracellular β-fructofuranosidase from fusarium graminearum: stability of the spray-dried enzyme in the presence of different carbohydrates. | microbial enzymes have been used for various biotechnological applications; however, enzyme stabilization remains a challenge for industries and needs to be considered. this study describes the effects of spray-drying conditions on the activity and stability of β-fructofuranosidase from fusarium graminearum. the extracellular enzyme β-fructofuranosidase was spray dried in the presence of stabilizers, including starch (capsul) (sc), microcrystalline cellulose (mc), trehalose (tr), lactose (lc) an ... | 2013 | 23489014 |
| fusarium graminearum and its interactions with cereal heads: studies in the proteomics era. | the ascomycete fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum (teleomorph stage: gibberella zeae) is the causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat and barley. this disease leads to significant losses of crop yield, and especially quality through the contamination by diverse fungal mycotoxins, which constitute a significant threat to the health of humans and animals. in recent years, high-throughput proteomics, aiming at identifying a broad spectrum of proteins with a potential role in the pathogenicit ... | 2013 | 23450732 |
| biological efficacy of streptomyces sp. strain bn1 against the cereal head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by the filamentous fungus fusarium graminearum is one of the most severe diseases threatening the production of small grains. infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins such as zearalenone and trichothecences. during survey of contamination by fhb in rice grains, we found a bacterial isolate, designated as bn1, antagonistic to f. graminearum. the strain bn1 had branching vegetative hyphae and spores, and its aerial hyphae often had long, straight fil ... | 2013 | 25288928 |
| serum cation profile of broilers at various stages of exposure to deoxynivalenol. | the present experiment was carried out to investigate if levels of serum cations in broilers are modulated differently at various stages of exposure to deoxynivalenol (don). male broiler chicks at 7 days of age were fed a basal diet (0.27 mg of don; 0.01 mg of zearalenone/kg), or either a low don diet (1.68 mg of don; 0.15 mg of zearalenone/kg) or a high don diet (12.21 mg of don; 1.09 mg of zearalenone/kg) produced using extracts from fusarium graminearum cultures. blood samples from the birds ... | 2013 | 23430398 |
| trichothecene genotypes of fusarium graminearum from wheat in uruguay. | gibberella zeae (schwein.) petch (anamorph f. graminearum schwabe) is the primary causal agent of fhb of wheat in uruguay. in the last decade, f. graminearum has produced destructive epidemics on wheat in uruguay, causing yield losses and price discounts due to reduced seed quality. strains of f. graminearum clade usually express one of three strain-specific profiles of trichothecene metabolites: nivalenol and its acetylated derivatives (niv chemotype), deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol ... | 2013 | 23414559 |
| fine-scale heterogeneity in crossover rate in the garnet-scalloped region of the drosophila melanogaster x chromosome. | homologous recombination affects myriad aspects of genome evolution, from standing levels of nucleotide diversity to the efficacy of natural selection. rates of crossing over show marked variability at all scales surveyed, including species-, population-, and individual-level differences. even within genomes, crossovers are nonrandomly distributed in a wide diversity of taxa. although intra- and intergenomic heterogeneities in crossover distribution have been documented in drosophila, the scale ... | 2013 | 23410829 |
| rna-seq analysis reveals new gene models and alternative splicing in the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the genome of fusarium graminearum has been sequenced and annotated previously, but correct gene annotation remains a challenge. in addition, posttranscriptional regulations, such as alternative splicing and rna editing, are poorly understood in f. graminearum. here we took advantage of rna-seq to improve gene annotations and to identify alternative splicing and rna editing in f. graminearum. | 2013 | 23324402 |
| genome-wide transcriptional responses of fusarium graminearum to plant cell wall substrates. | we report a genome-wide transcriptomic study of fusarium graminearum grown on four different substrates based on plant cell wall components. about 5% of the genes were differentially expressed in at least one condition. analysis of upregulated cell wall-degrading enzymes highlights a sharp growth medium-specific adaptation process. in particular, the nature of the polysaccharides available for fungal growth induced a specific transcriptional response aiming at the targeted enzymatic degradation ... | 2013 | 23311999 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based detection of fusarium graminearum. | molecular biological detection and quantification of fungal dna targets today relies mainly on the -application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). however, this well-recognized technique necessitates the use of highly purified dna, in a well-equipped lab environment by trained personnel. the method has therefore considerable restrictions when it comes to on-site testing applications for phytopathogenic, mycotoxigenic, and medically relevant fungi and yeasts. as opposed to pcr, molecular bio ... | 2013 | 23296895 |
| effect of carbendazim resistance on fitness parameters of fusarium graminearum. | | 2013 | 25151837 |
| fusarium graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol concentrations during development of wheat spikes. | fusarium head blight (fhb) affects whole spikes of small grain plants, yet little is known about how fhb develops following infection, or about the concentration or progression of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) in non-grain spike tissues. fusarium mycotoxin levels in whole small-grain spikes are of concern to producers of whole-crop silage, as well as users of straw containing chaff for animal bedding or winter livestock rations. a 2-year field experiment was performed in kinston, nc to reve ... | 2013 | 23252971 |
| identification of novel qtl for resistance to fusarium head blight in a tetraploid wheat population. | most tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l var. durum) cultivars are susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb). this study reports novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with fhb resistance. a backcross recombinant inbred line (bcril) population was developed from the cross bgrc3487/2*dt735, and 160 lines were evaluated for resistance to fusarium graminearum schwabe (teleomorph gibberella zeae (schwein. petch) in field trials over 3 years (2008-2010) and to a f. graminearum 3-acety ... | 2012 | 23231604 |
| factors influencing deoxynivalenol accumulation in small grain cereals. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin produced by the plant pathogenic fungi fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. these and other closely related fungi cause a disease known as fusarium head blight (fhb) in small grain cereals. other mycotoxins produced by fhb-causing fungi include nivalenol, t-2 toxin, and zearalenone. ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed can lead to toxicosis in humans and animals, respectively. don is the predominant and most economically important of these mycoto ... | 2012 | 23202310 |
| 2d difference gel electrophoresis reference map of a fusarium graminearum nivalenol producing strain. | fusarium graminearum is widely studied as a model for toxin production among plant pathogenic fungi. a 2d dige reference map for the nivalenol-producing strain 453 was established. based on a whole protein extract, all reproducible spots were systematically picked and analyzed by maldi-tof/tof, leading to the identification of 1102 protein species. the obtained map contributes to the annotation of the genome by identifying previously nondescribed hypothetical proteins and will serve as a referen ... | 2013 | 23172383 |
| the fghog1 pathway regulates hyphal growth, stress responses, and plant infection in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a destructive disease of wheat and barley worldwide. in a previous study of systematic characterization of protein kinase genes in f. graminearum, mutants of three putative components of the osmoregulation map kinase pathway were found to have distinct colony morphology and hyphal growth defects on pda plates. because the osmoregulation pathway is not known to regulate aerial hyphal growth and branching, in this study we further charac ... | 2012 | 23166686 |
| c-fos immunoreactivity in the pig brain following deoxynivalenol intoxication: focus on nucb2/nesfatin-1 expressing neurons. | deoxynivalenol (don), produced by the cereal-contaminating fusarium fungi, is a major trichothecene responsible for mycotoxicoses in farm animals, including swine. the main effect of don-intoxication is food intake reduction and the consequent body weight loss. the present study aimed to identify brain structures activated during don intoxication in pigs. to this goal, we used c-fos staining which constitutes a useful approach to identify activated neurons. we showed that per os administration o ... | 2013 | 23164930 |
| mycotoxins in the environment: ii. occurrence and origin in swiss river waters. | thirty-three different mycotoxins were surveyed over nearly two years in a typical swiss wastewater treatment plant (wwtp), as well as in swiss midland rivers. out of these, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol (niv), and beauvericin (bea), were detected. don was quantified in all wwtp effluent grab samples with a maximum concentration of 73.4 ng/l, while the lowest concentration was observed for bea with 1.3 ng/l. niv was detected in about 37%, the other three compounds in 9 ... | 2012 | 23148526 |
| the defense response in arabidopsis thaliana against fusarium sporotrichioides. | | 2012 | 23110430 |
| chlorogenic acid and maize ear rot resistance: a dynamic study investigating fusarium graminearum development, deoxynivalenol production, and phenolic acid accumulation. | fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of gibberella ear rot and produces trichothecene mycotoxins. basic questions remain unanswered regarding the kernel stages associated with trichothecene biosynthesis and the kernel metabolites potentially involved in the regulation of trichothecene production in planta. in a two-year field study, f. graminearum growth, trichothecene accumulation, and phenolic acid composition were monitored in developing maize kernels of a susceptible and a moderately res ... | 2012 | 23035912 |
| functional analyses of individual mating-type transcripts at mat loci in fusarium graminearum and fusarium asiaticum. | members of the fusarium graminearum species (fg) complex, which are homothallic ascomycetous species, carry two opposite mating-type (mat) loci in a single nucleus for controlling sexual development. we investigated the roles of three (mat1-1-1, mat1-1-2, and mat1-1-3) and two (mat1-2-1 and mat1-2-3) transcripts located at both loci in representative fg complex species (f. graminearum and fusarium asiaticum). in self-fertile f. graminearum strains, the transcript levels of mat1-1-1, mat1-2-1, an ... | 2012 | 22998651 |
| peroxisome function is required for virulence and survival of fusarium graminearum. | peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in a number of important cellular metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, the role of peroxisomes was examined in fusarium graminearum by targeted deletion of three genes (pex5, pex6, and pex7) encoding peroxin (pex) proteins required for peroxisomal protein import. pex5 and pex7 deletion mutants were unable to localize the ... | 2012 | 22913493 |
| integrated metabolo-proteomic approach to decipher the mechanisms by which wheat qtl (fhb1) contributes to resistance against fusarium graminearum. | resistance in plants to pathogen attack can be qualitative or quantitative. for the latter, hundreds of quantitative trait loci (qtls) have been identified, but the mechanisms of resistance are largely unknown. integrated non-target metabolomics and proteomics, using high resolution hybrid mass spectrometry, were applied to identify the mechanisms of resistance governed by the fusarium head blight resistance locus, fhb1, in the near isogenic lines derived from wheat genotype nyubai. | 2012 | 22866179 |
| overexpression of nrps4 leads to increased surface hydrophobicity in fusarium graminearum. | the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum is the infamous cause of fusarium head blight worldwide resulting in significant losses of yield and reduced grain feed quality. it also has the potential to produce a range of small bioactive peptides produced by the non ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss). most of these are unknown as f. graminearum contains 19 nrps encoding genes, but only three have been assigned products. for the first time, we use deletion and overexpression mutants to investigate ... | 2012 | 22862913 |
| fusarium graminearum tri12p influences virulence to wheat and trichothecene accumulation. | the gene tri12 encodes a predicted major facilitator superfamily protein suggested to play a role in export of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by fusarium spp. it is unclear, however, how the tri12 protein (tri12p) may influence trichothecene sensitivity and virulence of the wheat pathogen fusarium graminearum. in this study, we establish a role for tri12 in toxin accumulation and sensitivity as well as in pathogenicity toward wheat. tri12 deletion mutants (tri12) are reduced in virulence and ... | 2012 | 22835271 |
| isolactarane and sterpurane sesquiterpenoids from the basidiomycete phlebia uda. | three new sesquiterpenoids, named udasterpurenol a, udalactarane a, and udalactarane b, as well as the known compounds hyphodontal and sterpuric acid have been isolated from the basidiomycete phlebia uda. these compounds represent the first natural products described from this species. the structures were elucidated by nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. udalactaranes a and b were isolated as mixtures with their respective epimeric acetals. these mixtures inhibited the spore germination of t ... | 2012 | 22746380 |
| modelling mycotoxin formation by fusarium graminearum in maize in the netherlands. | the predominant species in maize in temperate climates is fusarium graminearum, which produces the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. projected climate change is expected to affect fusarium incidence and thus the occurrence of these mycotoxins. predictive models may be helpful in determining trends in the levels of these mycotoxins with expected changing climatic conditions. the aim of this study was to develop a model describing fungal infection and subsequent growth as well as the form ... | 2012 | 22725695 |
| identification, characterization and mapping of differentially expressed genes in a winter wheat cultivar (centenaire) resistant to fusarium graminearum infection. | fusarium head blight (fhb), predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. a suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library was constructed from f. graminearum infected spikes of a resistant belgian winter wheat variety centenaire, exhibiting type ii resistance to fhb. forty-three differentially expressed transcripts were identified and classified in different categories acc ... | 2012 | 22718510 |
| characterizing heterogeneity of disease incidence in a spatial hierarchy: a case study from a decade of observations of fusarium head blight of wheat. | a multilevel analysis of heterogeneity of disease incidence was conducted based on observations of fusarium head blight (caused by fusarium graminearum) in ohio during the 2002-11 growing seasons. sampling consisted of counting the number of diseased and healthy wheat spikes per 0.3 m of row at 10 sites (about 30 m apart) in a total of 67 to 159 sampled fields in 12 to 32 sampled counties per year. incidence was then determined as the proportion of diseased spikes at each site. spatial heterogen ... | 2012 | 22713079 |
| overexpression of wheat lipid transfer protein gene taltp5 increases resistances to cochliobolus sativus and fusarium graminearum in transgenic wheat. | the fungus cochliobolus sativus is the main pathogen of common root rot, a serious soil-borne disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the fungus fusarium graminearum is the primary pathogen of fusarium head blight, a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. in this study, the wheat lipid transfer protein gene, taltp5, was cloned and evaluated for its ability to suppress disease development in transgenic wheat. taltp5 expression was induced after c. sativus infection. the taltp5 expression vector ... | 2012 | 22689341 |
| a method for making directed changes to the fusarium graminearum genome without leaving markers or other extraneous dna. | a method is described which allows exact targeted changes to the fusarium graminearum genome, including changes of as little as one particular base pair to gene-size insertions, replacements or modifications. the technique leaves no other dna in the genome, such as marker genes, and can be used serially to effect multiple complex changes in any desired chromosomal locations. the method is based on our previous finding that after transformation, dna with homology to f. graminearum dna recombines ... | 2012 | 22664277 |
| genome-wide expression profiling shows transcriptional reprogramming in fusarium graminearum by fusarium graminearum virus 1-dk21 infection. | fusarium graminearum virus 1 strain-dk21 (fgv1-dk21) is a mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to f. graminearum, which is the primary phytopathogenic fungus that causes fusarium head blight (fhb) disease in many cereals. understanding the interaction between mycoviruses and plant pathogenic fungi is necessary for preventing damage caused by f. graminearum. therefore, we investigated important cellular regulatory processes in a host containing fgv1-dk21 as compared to an uninfected parent using ... | 2012 | 22559730 |
| hyd5 gene-based detection of the major gushing-inducing fusarium spp. in a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | fusarium graminearum and the closely related f. culmorum were found to be associated with over foaming of bottled beer (gushing) when contaminated brewing malt is used. the presence of highly surface active hydrophobins produced by these fungi upon growth on wheat or barley in the field or during malting may affect bubble formation and stability in gushing beers and other carbonated beverages. aiming for a method for the rapid and user friendly analysis of unmalted and malted cereals during qual ... | 2012 | 22554927 |
| phosphoproteome profile of fusarium graminearum grown in vitro under nonlimiting conditions. | this study presents a high-throughput proteomic analysis of phosphopeptides from fusarium graminearum strain daom 233423 grown in vitro without nutritional limitation. using a combination of strong cation exchange (scx) and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac) followed by lc-ms, we identified 2902 putative phosphopeptides with homologous matches to 1496 different proteins. functional classification of the annotated protein set revealed that phosphopeptides from nuclear proteins with ... | 2012 | 22522806 |
| fgvelb globally regulates sexual reproduction, mycotoxin production and pathogenicity in the cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum. | the velvet genes are conserved in ascomycetous fungi and function as global regulators of differentiation and secondary metabolism. here, we characterized one of the velvet genes, designated fgvelb, in the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight in cereals and produces mycotoxins within plants. fgvelb-deleted (δfgvelb) strains produced fewer aerial mycelia with less pigmentation than those of the wild-type (wt) during vegetative growth. under sexual develo ... | 2012 | 22516221 |
| relationship between environmental factors, dry matter loss and mycotoxin levels in stored wheat and maize infected with fusarium species. | this study examined the relationship between storage environmental factors (water activity (a(w)) (0.89-0.97) and temperature (15°c-30°c)), colonisation of wheat and maize by fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides respectively and the dry matter losses (dmls) caused and quantified by contamination with deoxynivalenol (don), zearalenone (zea) and fumonisins (fums) during storage. fungal growth was assessed by the amount of co(2) produced under different interacting conditions of a(w) and tem ... | 2012 | 22494580 |
| the predicted secretome of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum: a refined comparative analysis. | the fungus fusarium graminearum forms an intimate association with the host species wheat whilst infecting the floral tissues at anthesis. during the prolonged latent period of infection, extracellular communication between live pathogen and host cells must occur, implying a role for secreted fungal proteins. the wheat cells in contact with fungal hyphae subsequently die and intracellular hyphal colonisation results in the development of visible disease symptoms. since the original genome annota ... | 2012 | 22493673 |
| sexual development and ascospore discharge in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum has become a model system for studies in development and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. f. graminearum most easily produces fruiting bodies, called perithecia, on carrot agar. perithecia contain numerous tissue types, produced at specific stages of perithecium development. these include (in order of appearance) formation of the perithecium initials (which give rise to the ascogenous hyphae), the outer wall, paraphyses (sterile mycelia which occupy the center of the peri ... | 2012 | 22491175 |
| characterization of novel di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite primers suitable for genotyping various plant pathogenic fungi with special emphasis on fusaria and mycospherella graminicola. | the goals of this investigation were to identify and evaluate the use of polymorphic microsatellite marker (pmm) analysis for molecular typing of seventeen plant pathogenic fungi. primers for di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide loci were designed directly from the recently published genomic sequence of mycospherlla graminicola and fusarium graminearum. a total of 20 new microsatellite primers as easy-to-score markers were developed. microsatellite primer pcr (mp-pcr) yielded highly reproducible and c ... | 2012 | 22489135 |
| the feruloyl esterase gene family of fusarium graminearum is differentially regulated by aromatic compounds and hosts. | feruloyl esterases can liberate ferulic acid (fa) from plant cell wall polymers. they are expressed by plant pathogenic fungi and could play a role in pathogenicity, although this question has not been addressed yet. the fungus fusarium graminearum is the principal causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) and gibberella ear rot (ger), major diseases of wheat, barley, and maize in all temperate regions of the world. the f. graminearum genome contains seven genes with strong homology to feruloyl ... | 2012 | 22483046 |
| quantitative trait loci responsible for fusarium head blight resistance in chinese landrace baishanyuehuang. | fusarium head blight (fhb), mainly caused by fusarium graminearum, is a destructive disease that can significantly reduce grain yield and quality. deployment of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for fhb resistance in commercial cultivars has been the most effective approach for minimizing the disease losses. 'baishanyuehuang' is a highly fhb-resistant landrace from china. recombinant inbred lines (rils) developed from a cross of 'baishanyuehuang' and 'jagger' were evaluated for fhb resistance in th ... | 2012 | 22454145 |
| association of single nucleotide polymorphic sites in candidate genes with aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol production in fusarium graminearum causing wheat head blight. | fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.) is an ubiquitous pathogen of cereals. the economic impact of fusarium head blight (fhb) is characterized by crop losses and mycotoxin contamination. our objective was to associate snp diversity within candidate genes with phenotypic traits. a total of 77 f. graminearum s.s. isolates was tested for severity of fungal infection (= aggressiveness) and deoxynivalenol (don) production in an inoculated field experiment at two locations in each of two years. fo ... | 2012 | 22409447 |
| effect of salicylic acid on fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in wheat. | salicylic acid (sa) is one of the key signal molecules in regulating plant resistance to diverse pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana, it is predominantly associated with resistance against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, and triggering systemic acquired resistance. in contrast, the effect of sa on the defence efficiency of wheat against fusarium head blight (fhb) and its causal agent, fusarium graminearum, is still poorly understood. here we show that the f. graminearum mycelial growth a ... | 2012 | 22385623 |
| quick guide to polyketide synthase and nonribosomal synthetase genes in fusarium. | fusarium species produce a plethora of bioactive polyketides and nonribosomal peptides that give rise to health problems in animals and may have drug development potential. using the genome sequences for fusarium graminearum, f. oxysporum, f. solani and f. verticillioides we developed a framework for future polyketide synthases (pkss) and nonribosomal peptides synthetases (nrpss) nomenclature assignment and classification. sequence similarities of the adenylation and ketosynthase domain sequence ... | 2012 | 22377171 |
| heat- and cold-shock responses in fusarium graminearum 3 acetyl- and 15 acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotypes. | fusarium graminearum schwabe is the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb) in north america. chemically distinct f. graminearum sub-populations can be identified based on the type or composition of deoxynivalenol (don) mycotoxin derivatives, including 3-acetyl (3-adon) and 15-acetyl (15-adon). the evaluation of randomly selected 3-adon and 15-adon isolates, collected from spring wheat throughout canada, was performed using thin layer chromatography (tlc), high-performance liquid chromatogra ... | 2012 | 22367943 |
| population analysis of the fusarium graminearum species complex from wheat in china show a shift to more aggressive isolates. | a large number of fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes originating from 175 sampling sites, covering 15 provinces in china. species and trichothecene chemotype determination by multilocus genotyping (mlgt) indicated that f. graminearum s. str. with the 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15adon) chemotype and f. asiaticum with either the nivalenol (niv) or the 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3adon) chemotype were the dominant causal agents. bayesian model-based clustering with allele data o ... | 2012 | 22363714 |
| specificity of pseudomonas isolates on healthy and fusarium head blight-infected spikelets of wheat heads. | the specificity of culturable bacteria on healthy and fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected spikelets of wheat heads was investigated to find a candidate of biocontrol agents against fhb. the bacterial genus pseudomonas was commonly isolated from the tissues, and phylogenetic analysis using 16s ribosomal rna gene sequences of isolates of the genera revealed that particular phylogenetic groups in the genus specifically inhabited either healthy or infected spikelet tissues. the specificity of each g ... | 2012 | 22314388 |
| isolation and characterization of two endoxylanases from fusarium graminearum. | this paper reports the first isolation from cultures of two endoxylanases secreted by fusarium graminearum schwabe [teleomorph gibberella zeae (schweinitz) petch]. when f. graminearum is grown on wheat bran hydrated with a modified synthetic medium, high xylanase activity can be extracted. the two endoxylanases were identified by lc-ms/ms as the products of genes fgsg_6445 (genbank gene id 2788192 ) (xylanase 1) and fgsg_3624 (genbank accession no. aj863566 ) (xylanase 2) with 61 and 51% sequenc ... | 2012 | 22313372 |
| population structure of and mycotoxin production by fusarium graminearum from maize in south korea. | fusarium graminearum (gibberella zeae) is an important pathogen of wheat, maize, barley, and rice in south korea, and harvested grain often is contaminated with trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. in this study, we examined 568 isolates of f. graminearum collected from maize at eight locations in south korea. we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) to identify four lineages (2, 3, 6, and 7); lineage 7 was the most common (75%), followed by lineage 6 (12%), lineag ... | 2012 | 22287004 |
| the neem [azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae)] oil reduction in the in vitro production of zearalenone by fusarium graminearum. | zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus fusarium, including f. graminearum, triggers reproduction disorders in certain animals and hyperestrogen syndromes in humans. current research investigates three concentrations of neem oil extract (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5%) in reducing the production of zearalenone. neem oil extract decreased zearalenone amount in the three concentrations but highest inhibition (59.05%) occurred at 0.1%. | 2011 | 24031683 |
| isolation and determination of deoxynivalenol by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a mycotoxin produced by food contamination. it is a pharmacologically active compound that acts on the serotonin receptor, leading to several neuroendocrine and hematological disorders. in this article we describe a simple, accurate, and sensitive method for the quantification of don. don was quantified using a phenomenex(®) ods analytical c18 column (150 mm × 46 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of mixture of water-acetonitrile-methanol (5:4:1, v/v/v) at a flow rate ... | 2011 | 23781426 |
| enzymatic properties and expression patterns of five extracellular lipases of fusarium graminearum in vitro. | fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungus that causes devastating diseases on plants of economic importance including maize, wheat, and barley. f. graminearum is able to utilize triglycerides as a carbon source during growth. extracellular lipases are the preferred enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and oils. lipases are ubiquitous enzymes of considerable physiological significance and industrial potential. previously, fgl1 was the first described f. graminearum extracellular lipase a ... | 2010 | 25919623 |
| a new pcr approach for the identification of fusarium graminearum. | the main objective of this work was to develop a pcr protocol for the identification of fusarium graminearum, based on a pair of primers targeted to a segment of the 3´coding region of the gaoa gene that codes for the enzyme galactose oxidase (go). this region has low homology with the same region of go genes from other fungi. genomic dna from 17 strains of fusarium spp. isolated from diseased cereals, from several other fusarium species, and from other fungi genera was analyzed in a pcr assay u ... | 2008 | 24031265 |
| natural occurrence of nivalenol and mycotoxigenic potential of fusarium graminearum strains in wheat affected by head blight in argentina. | the principal agents of fusarium head blight in the main cropping area of argentina were investigated in heavily infected samples. the ability of the isolates to produce trichothecenes was determined by gc and hplc. fusarium graminearum was the predominant species and of 33 isolates, 10 produced deoxinivalenol (don) (0.1- 29 mg kg(-1)), 13 produced both deoxinivalenol (1.0- 708 mg kg(-1)) and nivalenol (0.1- 6.2mg kg(-1)), 12 produced 3-acetyldeoxinivalenol (0.1- 14 mg kg(-1)), 13 produced 15-ac ... | 2008 | 24031196 |
| analysis of double-stranded rna and virus-like particles in trichothecene-producing strains offusarium graminearum. | double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) have been found in two isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum which produce trichothecene mycotoxins. the isolates 8.2 and 19.2 had dsrnas in the size of about 2.0 kb and 6.0 kb, respectively, which were associated with capsid proteins and persisted within the cytoplasm of the infected host cells as encapsidated virus-like particles (vlps). the dsrnas contained in the vlp pellets were the same size as the dsrna isolated in total nucleic acid pr ... | 2001 | 23605755 |
| influence of water activity on deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat. | the influence of water activity (aw) on deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat at 25°c was studied. gnotobiotic grains were conditioned at different aw levels, inoculated with a toxigenic fusarium graminearum strain, and incubated for ten weeks. the highest accumulation of deoxynivalenol (1130 ug/kg) was detected at aw 0.980. at aw 0.945 and 0.925 the maximum quantities of toxin accumulated were 113 ug/kg and 93 ug/kg respectively. deoxynivalenol was not detected in the substrate at aw 0.900. resu ... | 1999 | 23605122 |
| sanitary factors and mycotoxin contamination in the argentinian wheat crop 1993/94. | in argentina, due to climatic conditions, fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum, affected the 1993/94 wheat crop. to evaluate the severity of this disease, samples of wheat where gathered from four zones of the wheat area. sanitary conditions and mycotoxin contamination were determined. one zone (iin) was intensely affected by fhb with 90% of samples in grade iii (bad quality). no samples were grade i (good quality). the other zones were less affected falling into grade i or ... | 1997 | 23604824 |
| biosynthesis, isolation, purification and seperation of zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol. | fusarium graminearum kf-376 isolate was found to be able to form simultaneously three toxic metabolites: zearalenone (ff-2), deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-acdon). toxins were extracted with methanol - water 3:1 (v/v) and purified by liquid chromatography on charcoal - kieselgel 60 column (preliminary) and aluminiumoxid 90 column. final separation of the metabolites was achived on kieselgel 60 - aluminiumoxid 90 column. | 1991 | 23605897 |
| pathogenicity of fusarium graminearum schwabe isolates from poland towards seedlings of cereal species. | ten isolates offusarium graminearum schwabe originating from diseased cereal plants and kernels were tested for pathogenicity to various cultivars of wheat, rye, triticale and oats. the isolates varied greatly in their pathogenicity to the seedlings of the species, and were most pathogenic to rye and triticale, less pathogenic to barley and wheat and least pathogenic to oats. | 1987 | 23605008 |
| poly-γ-glutamic acid productivity of bacillus subtilis bse1 has positive function in motility and biocontrol against fusarium graminearum. | in this study, we investigate the relationship between γ-pga productivity and biocontrol capacity of bacillus subtilis bse1; one bacterial isolate displayed 62.14% biocontrol efficacy against fusarium root rot. the γ-pga yield assay, motility assay, wheat root colonization assay, and biological control assay were analysed in different γ-pga yield mutants of bse1. the pgsb (pga-synthase-capb gene) deleted mutant of bse1 reduced γ-pga yield and exhibited apparent decline of in vitro motile ability ... | 2017 | 28664519 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of zhumeria majdae, heracleum persicum and eucalyptus sp. against some important phytopathogenic fungi. | application of essential oils of medicinal plants is considered a safe and acceptable method for plant disease management to protect plants from pathogenic microorganisms. thus, in recent study, essential oils (eos) from zhumeria majdae, heracleum persicum (two iranian endemic plants) and eucalyptus sp. were assayed for their antifungal potential against ten phytopathogenic fungi, including fusarium graminearum, fusarium asiaticum, fusarium redolens f.sp. dianthus, fusarium verticillioides, fusa ... | 2017 | 28757068 |
| the binding mechanism between azoles and fgcyp51b, sterol 14α-demethylase of fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is the main pathogen of fusarium head blight (fhb), a worldwide plant disease and one of the major wheat diseases in china. the control of the fhb is mainly dependent on the application of dmis fungicides. fungal sterol 14α-demethylase enzymes (cyp51) are the main target for dmis fungicides. in order to investigate the binding mechanism between azoles and cyp51b in f.graminearum, the molecular modeling study and biological evaluation were performed. | 2017 | 28719051 |
| bacillomycin d produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens is involved in the antagonistic interaction with the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: ascomycota, hypocreales, gibberella, gibberella zeae) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. in the present study, the commercially available strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens (bacteria, firmicutes, bacillales, bacillus) fzb42 showed strong activity against f. graminearum the lipopeptide, bacillomycin d, produced by fzb42, was ... | 2017 | 28733288 |
| a review of conventional pcr assays for the detection of selected phytopathogens of wheat. | infection of phyllosphere (stems, leaves, husks, and grains) by pathogenic fungi reduces the wheat yield and grain quality. detection of the main wheat pathogenic fungi provides information about species composition and allows effective and targeted plant treatment. since conventional procedures for the detection of these organisms are unreliable and time consuming, diagnostic dna-based methods are required. nucleic acid amplification technologies are independent of the morphological and biochem ... | 2017 | 28772274 |
| c-coordinated o-carboxymethyl chitosan metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and antifungal efficacy. | a novel type of o-carboxymethyl chitosan schiff bases (o-cspx) was synthesized via a condensation reaction. after the coordination reaction of cupric ions, zinc ions and nickel ions, metal complexes (o-cspx-m) were achieved. the theoretical structure of o-cspx-m calculated by gaussian 09 reveals that the copper ions and nickel ions underwent dsp(2) hybridization, the zinc ions underwent sp(3) hybridization, and they all coordinated by the carbon atom in the p-π conjugate group. then, the structu ... | 2017 | 28774807 |
| the antibiotic polymyxin b exhibits novel antifungal activity against fusarium species. | the genus fusarium comprises many species, including fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides, and causes severe infections in plants and humans. in clinical settings, fusarium is the third most frequent mould to cause invasive fungal infections after aspergillus and the mucorales. f. solani and f. oxysporum are the most prevalent fusarium spp. causing clinical disease. however, few effective antifungal drugs are available to treat human and plant fu ... | 2017 | 28433743 |
| screening of wheat endophytes as biological control agents against fusarium head blight using two different in vitro tests. | in order to find biological control agents (bcas) for the management of fusarium head blight (fhb), a major disease on wheat crops worldwide, 86 microorganisms isolated from inner tissues of wheat plants were discriminated for their ability to inhibit the growth of fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum by in vitro dual culture assays. a group of 22 strains appeared very effective to inhibit f. graminearum (inhibition of 30-51%) and they were also globally effective in controlling f. culmoru ... | 2017 | 28647118 |
| comparative analysis of the composition and active property evaluation of certain essential oils to assess their potential applications in active food packaging. | the antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of four commercial essential oils (eos) (thyme, clove, rosemary, and tea tree) from romanian production were studied in order to assess them as bioactive compounds for active food packaging applications. the chemical composition of the oils was determined with the folin-ciocâlteu method and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detectors, and it was found that they respect the afnor/iso standard limits. the ... | 2017 | 28772407 |
| functional characterization of a soluble nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase from fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight is a devastating disease in wheat caused by some fungal pathogens of the fusarium genus mainly f. graminearum, due to accumulation of toxic trichothecenes. most of the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway has been mapped, although some proteins of the pathway remain uncharacterized, including an nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase. we subcloned a f. graminearum cytochrome p450 reductase that might be involved in the trichothecene biosynthesis. it was expressed heterologously in e. ... | 2017 | 28690182 |
| growth suppression of fusarium culmorum, fusarium poae and fusarium graminearum by 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat and rye bran. | alk(en)ylresorcinols (ar), a class of phenolic lipids, are regarded as antifungal compounds showing high potential for the use in plant protection, especially against fusarium head blight (fhb). in view of the very limited knowledge of the activity of single ar against fusarium species, the antifungal effect of crude extracts, fractions and isolated homologues from wheat and rye bran was determined. it was shown that the saturated ar are the active compounds in the extracts, whereas the presence ... | 2017 | 28784549 |
| variability of composition and effects of essential oils from rhanterium adpressum coss. & durieu against mycotoxinogenic fusarium strains. | the antifungal potency of the essential oils of rhanterium adpressum was evaluated against four mycotoxigenic strains of the genus fusarium. the essential oils were obtained, separately, by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts of r. adpressum (leaves and flowers). the parts were collected during the period of bloom (3 months) for 3 years. the gc-ms analysis revealed thirty-six compounds for the essential oils, divided into four classes of chemical compounds, with variable percentages according ... | 2017 | 28707037 |
| trans-cinnamic and chlorogenic acids affect the secondary metabolic profiles and ergosterol biosynthesis by fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum sensu stricto. | plant-derived compounds limiting mycotoxin contamination are currently of major interest in food and feed production. however, their potential application requires an evaluation of their effects on fungal secondary metabolism and membrane effects. in this study, different strains of fusarium culmorum and f. graminearum sensu stricto were exposed to trans-cinnamic and chlorogenic acids on solid yes media. fusaria produced phenolic acids, whose accumulation was lowered by exogenous phenolic compou ... | 2017 | 28640190 |
| candidate gene based association mapping in fusarium culmorum for field quantitative pathogenicity and mycotoxin production in wheat. | quantitative traits are common in nature, but quantitative pathogenicity has received only little attention in phytopathology. in this study, we used 100 fusarium culmorum isolates collected from natural field environments to assess their variation for two quantitative traits, aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol (don) production on wheat plants grown in four different field environments (location-year combinations). seventeen fusarium graminearum pathogenicity candidate genes were assessed for the ... | 2017 | 28525967 |
| screening of lactic acid bacteria for anti-fusarium activity and optimization of incubation conditions. | anti-fusarium activities of lactic acid bacteria (lab) lactobacillus plantarum 299v, l. plantarum nrrl-4496, and lactobacillus rhamnosus vt1 were determined by a microdilution assay developed in this study against fusarium graminearum 08/rg/bf/51. a cell-free lactobacillus culture supernatant (cflcs) of l. rhamnosus vt1 had the highest anti-fusarium activity. response surface methodology was used to optimize the incubation conditions for production of cflcs. a box-behnken factorial design was us ... | 2017 | 28853625 |
| a-to-i rna editing is developmentally regulated and generally adaptive for sexual reproduction in neurospora crassa. | although fungi lack adenosine deaminase acting on rna (adar) enzymes, adenosine to inosine (a-to-i) rna editing was reported recently in fusarium graminearum during sexual reproduction. in this study, we profiled the a-to-i editing landscape and characterized its functional and adaptive properties in the model filamentous fungus neurospora crassa a total of 40,677 a-to-i editing sites were identified, and approximately half of them displayed stage-specific editing or editing levels at different ... | 2017 | 28847945 |
| the selective antifungal activity of drosophila melanogaster metchnikowin reflects the species-dependent inhibition of succinate-coenzyme q reductase. | insect-derived antifungal peptides have a significant economic potential, particularly for the engineering of pathogen-resistant crops. however, the nonspecific antifungal activity of such peptides could result in detrimental effects against beneficial fungi, whose interactions with plants promote growth or increase resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. the antifungal peptide metchnikowin (mtk) from drosophila melanogaster acts selectively against pathogenic ascomycota, including fusariu ... | 2017 | 28811531 |
| pka activity is essential for relieving the suppression of hyphal growth and appressorium formation by mosfl1 in magnaporthe oryzae. | in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae, the camp-pka pathway regulates surface recognition, appressorium turgor generation, and invasive growth. however, deletion of cpka failed to block appressorium formation and responses to exogenous camp. in this study, we generated and characterized the cpk2 and cpka cpk2 mutants and spontaneous suppressors of cpka cpk2 in m. oryzae. our results demonstrate that cpka and cpk2 have specific and overlapping functions, and pka activity is essential for ap ... | 2017 | 28806765 |
| the cereal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum produces a new class of active cytokinins during infection. | the fungal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum causes important diseases of wheat and barley. during a survey of secondary metabolites produced by this fungus, a novel class of cytokinins, herein termed fusarium cytokinins, was discovered. cytokinins are known for their growth promoting and anti-senescence activities and the production of a cytokinin mimic by what was once considered a necrotrophic pathogen that promotes cell death and senescence challenges the simple view that this pathogen inv ... | 2017 | 28802024 |
| synergistic effect of different plant cell wall degrading enzymes is important for virulence of fusarium graminearum. | endo-polygalacturonases (pgs) and xylanases have been shown to play an important role during pathogenesis of some fungal pathogens of dicot plants, whilst their role in monocot pathogens is less defined. pg1 and xyr1 genes of the wheat pathogen fusarium graminearum encode the main pg and the major regulator of xylanase production, respectively. single and double disrupted mutants for these genes were obtained to assess their contribution to fungal infection. compared to wild-type strain, the ∆pg ... | 2017 | 28800710 |
| expression of hopai interferes with map kinase signalling in magnaporthe oryzae. | the pmk1 and mps1 map kinases are essential for appressorium formation and plant infection in magnaporthe oryzae. however, their exact roles during invasive growth are not clear because pmk1 and mps1 mutants are defective in penetration. to further characterize their functions after penetration, in this study we expressed the pseudomonas syringae effector hopai known to inactivate plant map kinases in m. oryzae. constitutive expression of hopai with the rp27 or trpc promoter resulted in defects ... | 2017 | 28799700 |
| in vitro evaluation of sub-lethal concentrations of plant-derived antifungal compounds on fusaria growth and mycotoxin production. | phytopathogenic fungi can lead to significant cereal yield losses, also producing mycotoxins dangerous for human and animal health. the fungal control based on the use of synthetic fungicides can be complemented by "green" methods for crop protection, based on the use of natural products. in this frame, the antifungal activities of bergamot and lemon essential oils and of five natural compounds recurrent in essential oils (citronellal, citral, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde and limonene) have bee ... | 2017 | 28758914 |
| nicotinamide mononucleotide and related metabolites induce disease resistance against fungal phytopathogens in arabidopsis and barley. | nicotinamide mononucleotide (nmn), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad), is known to act as a functional molecule in animals, whereas its function in plants is largely unknown. in this study, we found that nmn accumulated in barley cultivars resistant to phytopathogenic fungal fusarium species. although nmn does not possess antifungal activity, pretreatment with nmn and related metabolites enhanced disease resistance to fusarium graminearum in arabidopsis leaves and flowers and ... | 2017 | 28743869 |
| genome-wide identification and analysis of the mads-box gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the mads-box genes encode transcription factors with key roles in plant growth and development. a comprehensive analysis of the mads-box gene family in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has not yet been conducted, and our understanding of their roles in stress is rather limited. here, we report the identification and characterization of the mads-box gene family in wheat. a total of 180 mads-box genes classified as 32 mα, 5 mγ, 5 mδ, and 138 mikc types were identified. evolutionary analysis of the ... | 2017 | 28742823 |
| regulatory roles of introns in fungicide sensitivity of fusarium graminearum. | although the roles of introns have been much debated in eukaryotic organisms, none of them have been functionally characterized in fusarium graminearum. in this study, we characterized the roles of introns in regulation of fungicide-sensitivity of f. graminearum. β2 tub, cyp51a and myosin-5 are important target genes of benzimidazoles, triazoles and cyanoacrylates, respectively. to explore the sensitivity regulation functions of introns in target genes, several detailed deletion studies were com ... | 2017 | 28730650 |
| a transposon-directed epigenetic change in zmcct underlies quantitative resistance to gibberella stalk rot in maize. | a major resistance quantitative trait locus, qrfg1, significantly enhances maize resistance to gibberella stalk rot, a devastating disease caused by fusarium graminearum. however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. we adopted a map-based cloning approach to identify the resistance gene at qrfg1 and examined the dynamic epigenetic changes during qrfg1-mediated maize resistance to the disease. a cct domain-containing gene, zmcct, is the causal gene at the qrfg1 locus and a polymor ... | 2017 | 28722229 |
| recombinant lipase from gibberella zeae exhibits broad substrate specificity: a comparative study on emulsified and monomolecular substrate. | using the classical emulsified system and the monomolecular film technique, the substrate specificity of recombinant gibberella zeae lipase (rgzel) that originates from gibberella zeae was characterized in detail. under the emulsified reaction system, both phospholipase and glycolipid hydrolytic activities were observed, except for the predominant lipase activity. the optimum conditions for different activity exhibition were also determined. compared with its lipase activity, a little higher rat ... | 2017 | 28718792 |
| chrysogine biosynthesis is mediated by a two-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase. | production of chrysogine has been reported from several fungal genera including penicillium, aspergillus, and fusarium. anthranilic acid and pyruvic acid, which are expected precursors of chrysogine, enhance production of this compound. a possible route for the biosynthesis using these substrates is via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps). through comparative analysis of the nrpss from genome-sequenced producers of chrysogine we identified a candidate nrps cluster comprising five additional ... | 2017 | 28708398 |
| plant lignans inhibit growth trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum. | | 2017 | 28699242 |
| differences in fusarium species in brown midrib sorghum and in air populations in production fields. | several fusarium species cause sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] grain mold, resulting in deterioration and mycotoxin production in the field and during storage. fungal isolates from air (2005-2006), and from leaves and grain from wild-type and brown midrib (bmr)-6 and bmr12 plants (2002-2003), were collected from two locations. compared with wild-type, bmr plants have reduced lignin content, altered cell wall composition and different levels of phenolic intermediates. multilocus maximum lik ... | 2017 | 28686087 |
| rna editing of the amd1 gene is important for ascus maturation and ascospore discharge in fusarium graminearum. | ascospores are the primary inoculum in the wheat scab fungus fusarium graminearum that was recently shown to have sexual stage-specific a-to-i rna editing. one of the genes with premature-stop-codons requiring a-to-i editing to encode full-length functional proteins is amd1 that encodes a protein with a major facilitator superfamily (mfs) domain. here, we characterized the functions of amd1 and its uag to ugg editing event. the amd1 deletion mutant was normal in growth and conidiation but defect ... | 2017 | 28676631 |
| the pkr regulatory subunit of pka is involved in regulating growth, sexual and asexual development, and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum is a causal agent of the wheat scab disease and a producer of deoxynivalenol (don) mycotoxins. treatment with exogenous camp increased its don production. to better understand the role of the camp-pka pathway in f. graminearum, in this study we functionally characterized the pkr gene encoding the regulatory subunit of pka. mutants deleted of pkr were viable but had severe defects in growth, conidiation, and plant infection. the pkr mutant produced compact colonies with short ... | 2017 | 28665481 |
| cytogenetic mapping of a major locus for resistance to fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat on thinopyrum elongatum 7el and its pyramiding with valuable genes from a th. ponticum homoeologous arm onto bread wheat 7dl. | a major locus for resistance to different fusarium diseases was mapped to the most distal end of th. elongatum 7el and pyramided with th. ponticum beneficial genes onto wheat 7dl. perennial triticeae species of the thinopyrum genus are among the richest sources of valuable genes/qtl for wheat improvement. one notable and yet unexploited attribute is the exceptionally effective resistance to a major wheat disease worldwide, fusarium head blight, associated with the long arm of thinopyrum elongatu ... | 2017 | 28656363 |
| the fgsrp1 sr-protein gene is important for plant infection and pre-mrna processing in fusarium graminearum. | the versatile functions of sr (serine/arginine-rich) proteins in pre-mrna splicing and processing are modulated by reversible phosphorylation. previous studies showed that fgprp4, the only protein kinase among spliceosome components, is important for intron splicing and the fgsrp1 sr protein is phosphorylated at five conserved sites in fusarium graminearum. in this study, we showed that the fgsrp1 deletion mutant rarely produced conidia and caused only limited symptoms on wheat heads and corn si ... | 2017 | 28654215 |
| deoxynivalenol biomarkers in the urine of uk vegetarians. | deoxynivalenol (don) is produced by fusarium graminearum and is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes. vegetarians are alleged to be a high-risk group for don exposure due to high intakes of cereals susceptible to the growth of the mycotoxin. this study provides the levels of don and de-epoxi deoxynivalenol (dom-1) in urine analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) in uk vegetarians. over two consecutive days, morning urine samples were collected from 32 vegetarians ... | 2017 | 28640201 |
| oxidation of c18 hydroxy-polyunsaturated fatty acids to epoxide or ketone by catalase-related hemoproteins activated with iodosylbenzene. | small catalase-related hemoproteins with a facility to react with fatty acid hydroperoxides were examined for their potential mono-oxygenase activity when activated using iodosylbenzene. the proteins tested were a fusarium graminearum 41 kd catalase hemoprotein (fg-cat, gene fgsg_02217), a pseudomonas fluorescens pfl01 catalase (37.5 kd, accession number wp_011333788.1), and a mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis 33 kd catalase (gene map-2744c). 13-hydroxy-octadecenoic acids (which are norm ... | 2017 | 28631071 |
| geographic distribution of phylogenetic species of the fusarium graminearum species complex and their 8-ketotrichothecene chemotypes on wheat spikes in iran. | isolates of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc, n = 446) were collected from wheat spikes from northern and western regions of iran with a history of fusarium head blight (fhb) occurrences. the trichothecene mycotoxin genotypes/chemotypes, the associated phylogenetic species, and geographical distribution of these isolates were analyzed. two phylogenetic species, fusarium asiaticum and f. graminearum, were identified and were found to belong to sequence characterized amplified region ... | 2017 | 28612272 |
| screening of deoxynivalenol producing strains and elucidation of possible toxigenic molecular mechanism. | in this study, seven strains of fusarium graminearum were isolated from wheat, of which six were identified to produce deoxynivalenol and the production of deoxynivalenol was assessed. f. graminearum strain fg1 was noted to produce 1.0 μg/g deoxynivalenol during the incubation period in the czapek yeast broth, while none was detected in f. graminearum strain fg2. hence, the differences in proteomes and transcriptomes of fg1 and fg2 were compared to analyze the mechanism underlying deoxynivalenol ... | 2017 | 28587179 |
| qrfg3, a novel quantitative resistance locus against gibberella stalk rot in maize. | a quantitative trait locus qrfg3 imparts recessive resistance to maize gibberella stalk rot. qrfg3 has been mapped into a 350-kb interval and could reduce the disease severity index by ~26.6%. gibberella stalk rot, caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum, severely affects maize yield and grain quality worldwide. to identify more resistance quantitative trait loci (qtls) against this disease, we analyzed a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from a cross between resistant ... | 2017 | 28555262 |
| the impact of zearalenone on the meiotic progression and primordial follicle assembly during early oogenesis. | zearalenone (zea) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium graminearum. it can cause abnormal reproductive function by acting as an environmental estrogen. research has traditionally focused on acute and chronic injury on mammalian reproductive capacity after zea treatment. little research has been done studying the effects of zea exposure on early oogenesis. in this study, we investigate the effects of zea exposure on meiotic entry, dna double-strand breaks (dsbs), and primordial follicle assembly d ... | 2017 | 28552778 |