| separation of polyphenols and caffeine from the acetone extract of fermented tea leaves (camellia sinensis) using high-performance countercurrent chromatography. | leaves from camellia sienensis are a popular natural source of various beverage worldwide, and contain caffeine and polyphenols derived from catechin analogues. in the current study, caffeine (caf, 1) and three tea polyphenols including (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate (egcg, 2), (-)-gallocatechin 3-o-gallate (gcg, 3), and (-)-epicatechin 3-o-gallate (ecg, 4) were isolated and purified by flow-rate gradient high-performance countercurrent chromatography (hpccc) using a two-phase solvent system c ... | 2015 | 26197310 |
| effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger consumption on markers of glycemic control, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients. | type 2 diabetes (t2d) may be caused by elevated oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. the phytochemicals in several herbal medicines are reported to effectively improve diabetes and to ameliorate diabetic complications. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron, and ginger as supplementary remedies in t2d. | 2015 | 26177486 |
| neuroprotective properties of the standardized extract from camellia sinensis (green tea) and its main bioactive components, epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallate, in the 6-ohda model of parkinson's disease. | camellia sinensis (green tea) is largely consumed, mainly in asia. it possesses several biological effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. the objectives were to investigate the neuroprotective actions of the standardized extract (cs), epicatechin (ec) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), on a model of parkinson's disease. male wistar rats were divided into so (sham-operated controls), untreated 6-ohda-lesioned and 6-ohda-lesioned treated for 2 weeks with cs (25, 50, or 100 ... | 2015 | 26167188 |
| synergistic anticancer activity of biologicals from green and black tea on du 145 human prostate cancer cells. | there is considerable interest in the potential of botanicals in preventing and/or alleviating chronic ailments. among the most studied botanicals are compounds present in green and black teas. nontoxic tea polyphenols are potent antioxidants, and they also modulate several signalling pathways and inhibit proteins such as mmp-9 or protein plasminogen activator system, making them very attractive potential therapeutics. one criticism of the prophylactic or therapeutic use of green or black tea po ... | 2015 | 26155176 |
| green tea yogurt: major phenolic compounds and microbial growth. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate fermentation of milk in the presence of green tea (camellia sinensis) with respect to changes in antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and the growth of lactic acid bacteria. pasteurized full fat cow's milk and starter culture were incubated at 41 °c in the presence of two different types of green tea extracts. the yogurts formed were refrigerated (4 °c) for further analysis. the total phenolic content was highest (p < 0.05) in air-dried green tea-yog ... | 2015 | 26139940 |
| evaluation of antioxidant interactions in combined extracts of green tea (camellia sinensis), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) and oak fruit (quercus branti). | green tea (camellia sinensis), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) and oak fruit (quercus branti) are of known medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. they provide substantial antioxidant activities but the possible antioxidant interaction between them has not been studied. in the present study first the bioactive compounds from these three plants were first extracted and thereafter assayed for total phenols, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical scavenging activity, total antioxid ... | 2015 | 26139926 |
| myocardial potency of bio-tea against isoproterenol induced myocardial damage in rats. | kombucha (bio-tea) is a beverage produced by the fermentation of sugared black tea using a symbiotic association of bacteria and yeasts. traditional claims about kombucha report beneficial effects such as antibiotic properties, gastric regulation, relief from joint rheumatism and positive influence on the cholesterol level, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and aging problems. the present investigation was carried out to understand the preventive effect of kombucha on heart weight, blood glucose, tota ... | 2015 | 26139916 |
| high-throughput screening of vitamins and natural antioxidants in nutraceuticals from green tea extracts by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. | a new analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 52 vitamins and natural antioxidants in nutraceutical products obtained from green tea (camellia sinensis) extracts. the automated extraction procedure was achieved in a simple disposable pipet extraction. ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (uhplc q-orbitrap) was used for the separation and detection of all the analytes. the ... | 2015 | 26138600 |
| green tea, black tea consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | several studies have assessed the association between green and black tea consumption and the risk of endometrial cancer (ec) and have yielded inconsistent results. | 2016 | 26138307 |
| black tea extract improves anti-oxidant profile in experimental diabetic rats. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo anti-oxidant effect of black tea extract (bte) supplemented to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. | 2015 | 26120044 |
| quantification of total polyphenols, catechin, caffeine, l-theanine, determination of antioxidant activity and effect on antileishmanial drugs of ethiopian tea leaves extracts. | in this study four tea samples gumero black, wushwush black and wushwush green from agri- ceft plc and east africa black tea leaves from east african agribusiness plc were investigated for total polyphenols, caffeine, catechin and l-theanine content. | 2015 | 26109792 |
| a comparative proteomic analysis of the buds and the young expanding leaves of the tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). | tea (camellia sinensis l.) is a perennial woody plant that is widely cultivated to produce a popular non-alcoholic beverage; this beverage has received much attention due to its pleasant flavor and bioactive ingredients, particularly several important secondary metabolites. due to the significant changes in the metabolite contents of the buds and the young expanding leaves of tea plants, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitati ... | 2015 | 26096006 |
| tea polyphenols in parkinson's disease. | parkinson's disease (pd) is a common motor neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial etiology that is an increasing burden on our aging society. pd is characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration which might involve oxidative stress, α-synuclein (αs) aggregation, dysregulation of redox metal homeostasis and neurotoxicity. although the exact cause remains unknown, both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. among the various environmental factors tea consumption has attracted ... | 2015 | 26092629 |
| association between dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults in the middle east and north africa region: a systematic review. | this paper reviews the evidence related to the association of dietary pattern with coronary heart disease (chd), strokes, and the associated risk factors among adults in the middle east and north africa (mena) region. | 2015 | 26088003 |
| determination of aluminum and zinc in infusion tea cultivated in north of iran. | to determine aluminum and zinc levels in black tea cultivated in north of iran, 105 black tea samples were collected from the tea growing regions of guilan and mazandaran provinces and were analyzed for al and zn concentration of tea infusion. contents of all elements were analyzed three times separately by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (icp - aes). the solubility of al and zn in infusions at 5, 15 and 60 min with boiling water showed that the mean level of al ... | 2015 | 26085934 |
| differential expression of genes in purple-shoot tea tender leaves and mature leaves during leaf growth. | tea (camellia sinensis l.), contains high levels of secondary metabolic products with both commercial and medicinal value. at present, most cultivated tea plant have green leaves; although tea plants with purple leaves exist, their supply is inadequate. during leaf growth and maturation, the content of secondary metabolic compounds decreases, resulting in higher content in tender purple leaves (tpl), and lower content in mature green leaves (mgl). the aim of this study was to analyze the differe ... | 2016 | 26084622 |
| determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dry tea. | twenty-eight different tea samples sold in the united states were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with fluorescence detection (fld) for their contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). many pahs exhibit carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties and have been related to several kinds of cancer in man and experimental animals. the presence of pahs in environmental samples such as water, sediments, and particulate air has been extensively stu ... | 2015 | 26065515 |
| occurrence, biosynthesis and metabolism of theanine (γ-glutamyl-l-ethylamide) in plants: a comprehensive review. | theanine (γ-glutamyl-l-ethylamide) is the most abundant non-protein amino acid in tea leaves. in addition to camellia sinensis, theanine occurs in several plants belonging to the ericales. biosynthesis of theanine from glutamic acid and ethylamine by theanine synthetase is present in all organs of tea seedlings, but roots are the major site of theanine biosynthesis in adult tea trees. theanine is transported from roots to young leaves via the xylem sap. theanine is hydrolysed to glutamic acid an ... | 2015 | 26058162 |
| occurrence and de novo biosynthesis of caffeine and theanine in seedlings of tea (camellia sinensis). | caffeine (1,3,7-trimethyl xanthine) and theanine (γ-glutamyl-l-ethylamide) are the major nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites in tea leaves. the aim of the present study was to elucidate the relative concentration and amounts of these compounds and the de novo biosynthetic activity in different parts of tea seedlings grown for 27-, 106- and 205 days. the results indicated that caffeine and its biosynthetic activity occur only in leaves and stems, while theanine is distributed in all organs, ... | 2015 | 26058139 |
| chemopreventive opportunities to control basal cell carcinoma: current perspectives. | basal cell carcinoma (bcc) is a major health problem with approximately 2.8 million new cases diagnosed each year in the united states. bcc incidences have continued to rise due to lack of effective chemopreventive options. one of the key molecular characteristics of bcc is the sustained activation of hedgehog signaling through inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene patch (ptch) or activating mutations in smoothened. in the past, several studies have addressed targeting the activate ... | 2015 | 26053157 |
| effects of temperature change and beverage on mechanical and tribological properties of dental restorative composites. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature change and immersion in two common beverages on the mechanical and tribological properties for three different types of dental restorative materials. thermocycling procedure was performed for simulating temperature changes in oral conditions. black tea and soft drink were considered for beverages. universal composite, universal nanohybrid composite and universal nanofilled composite, were used as dental materials. the nanoindent ... | 2015 | 26046269 |
| toxicity studies on herbal formulation used in diabetes mellitus. | in current study herbal formulation was prepared for diabetes mellitus (type 2). it consists of the extracts of salacia reticulate, cinnamomum zeylanicum,lagerstroemia speciosa, camellia sinensis and gymnema sylvester. toxicitystudies were carried out on heart, liver, kidney and blood of both male and female rabbits. drug was administered in a dose of 15mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days. on 91th day, blood was drawn from animals and investigated for changes in biochemical and hematological lev ... | 2014 | 26045373 |
| influence of the interactions between tea (camellia sinensis) extracts and ascorbic acid on their antioxidant activity: analysis with interaction indexes and isobolograms. | products containing natural additives, including antioxidants, are usually perceived by consumers as safer than those with synthetic ones. natural antioxidants, besides having a preservative activity, may exert beneficial health effects. interactions between antioxidants may significantly change their antioxidant activity, thus in designing functional foods or food/cosmetic ingredients knowledge about the type of interactions could be useful. in the present study, the interactions between ascorb ... | 2015 | 26035225 |
| efficient extraction strategies of tea (camellia sinensis) biomolecules. | tea is a popular daily beverage worldwide. modulation and modifications of its basic components like catechins, alkaloids, proteins and carbohydrate during fermentation or extraction process changes organoleptic, gustatory and medicinal properties of tea. through these processes increase or decrease in yield of desired components are evident. considering the varied impacts of parameters in tea production, storage and processes that affect the yield, extraction of tea biomolecules at optimized co ... | 2015 | 26028699 |
| effect of tea on blood pressure for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | tea has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent for individuals with elevated blood pressure, yet the evidence for this has not been systematically reviewed to date. | 2015 | 26024546 |
| impact of tea drinking upon tuberculosis: a neglected issue. | tuberculosis (tb) is a global public health issue posing serious harm to the human health. many studies have suggested that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are risk factors for tb. laboratory evidence suggests that egcg in tea leaves can arrest the growth of tubercle bacillus. can drinking tea lead to decreased susceptibility of tb in humans? | 2015 | 26021567 |
| the impact of green tea consumption on the prevention of hemorrhagic stroke. | different types of tea may have varying effects on the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but previous studies have generated inconsistent results. we performed a nationwide, multi-center, case-control study to evaluate the association between the consumption of tea and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. | 2015 | 26021303 |
| work-related symptoms among workers exposed to black tea dust. | tea may be classified as unfermented green, semi-ferinented oolong and fermented black. all of these types are derived from camellia sinensis, the tea plant, which contains the low molecular weight (lmw) agent epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), probably responsible for allergic reactions. the aim of our study was to asses the work-related allergic symptoms and ige-mediated sensitivity among black tea packers. | 2015 | 26016041 |
| the combined use of camellia sinensis and metronomic zoledronate in 4t1 mouse carcinoma against tumor growth and metastasis. | in previous studies, we demonstrated that the green tea camellia sinensis (cs) water extract had potent antitumor and antimetastatic effects on 4t1 breast cancer. the metronomic regimen (0.0125 mg/kg twice a week for 4 weeks) of zoledronate (zol) was found to be effective in decreasing tumor burden and metastasis as compared with conventional regimen. the aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor, antimetastatic and anti-osteolytic effects of the combined use of cs water extract ... | 2015 | 25998578 |
| tea consumption and endometrial cancer risk: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. | several lines of evidence suggest that tea consumption may reduce the risk of endometrial cancer due to antioxidant properties of tea, but the results of prospective data to date are inconsistent. we thus conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to examine the relationship between tea consumption and endometrial cancer risk, using a random-effects model. we identified 5 eligible cohort studies, which included 231,870 female participants and 1831 cases for endometrial cancer. the p ... | 2015 | 25996185 |
| effect of black tea and black tea pomace polyphenols on α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, relevant to type 2 diabetes prevention. | this study evaluates the potential mechanism of action and bioactivity of black tea and black tea pomace for type 2 diabetes prevention via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. black tea leaves were extracted in hot water and black tea pomace was extracted in 70% acetone. the phenolic content of the water extract (wbt) and pomace acetone extracts (aobt) were 5.77 and 8.9 mg/ml, respectively, both based on the same concentration of solid tea in the extract. the water extract was subjec ... | 2015 | 25988132 |
| [responses of rhizosphere nitrogen and phosphorus transformations to different acid rain intensities in a hilly red soil tea plantation]. | tea (camellia sinensis) plantation in hilly red soil region has been long impacted by acid deposition, however its effects on nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) transformations in rhizosphere soils remain unclear. a 25-year old tea plantation in a typical hilly red soil region was selected for an in situ simulation experiment treated by ph 4.5, ph 3.5, ph 2.5 and control. rhizosihere and bulk soils were collected in the third year from the simulated acid deposition experiment. soil mineral n, avail ... | 2015 | 25985647 |
| can tea consumption be a safe and effective therapy against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? | diabetes mellitus (dm) is a metabolic disease that is rapidly increasing and has become a major public health problem. type 2 dm (t2dm) is the most common type, accounting for up to 90-95% of the new diagnosed dm cases. the brain is very susceptible to glucose fluctuations and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress (os). it is well known that dm and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases are associated. tea, camellia sinensis l., is one of the most consumed beverages. it contains seve ... | 2014 | 25977676 |
| black tea protects against hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. | hypertensive patients have been found to be associated with elevated levels of homocysteine, known as hyperhomocysteinemia. homocysteine (hcy) can induce endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress in endothelial cells. this study aims to investigate whether black tea (bt) protects against hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction through alleviation of er stress. rat aortae and cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were treated with hcy, bt extract, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3). male sprague ... | 2015 | 25976123 |
| hepatotoxicity of green tea: an update. | green tea (gt), obtained from the leaves of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (fam. theaceae), is largely used for its potential health benefits such as reduction in risk of cardiovascular diseases and weight loss. nevertheless, it is suspected to induce liver damage. present work reviews the hepatic adverse reactions associated with gt-based herbal supplements, published by the end of 2008 to march 2015. a systematic research was carried out on pubmed, medlineplus, scopus and google scholar databas ... | 2015 | 25975988 |
| anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis. | recently, there has been an increasing interest in tea (camellia sinensis) as a protective agent against inflammatory diseases. here, we evaluated/compared the anti-inflammatory activity of two different doses (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg body weight) of green tea aqueous extract (gte, rich in catechins) and black tea aqueous extract (bte, rich in theaflavins and thearubigins) in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (aia). | 2015 | 25964045 |
| protective effect of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. | liver cirrhosis is responsible for hepatic fibrosis resulting in high mortality and is also a risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), which is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women globally. several studies have found effective anti-cancer activities of theaflavins, the major black tea polyphenols. the objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts (tf-bte) on hepatic fibrosis induced by dimeth ... | 2015 | 25927469 |
| evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of green tea (camellia sinensis) in mice. | to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of green tea (camellia sinensis) in mice. | 2015 | 25923256 |
| volatile glycosylation in tea plants: sequential glycosylations for the biosynthesis of aroma β-primeverosides are catalyzed by two camellia sinensis glycosyltransferases. | tea plants (camellia sinensis) store volatile organic compounds (vocs; monoterpene, aromatic, and aliphatic alcohols) in the leaves in the form of water-soluble diglycosides, primarily as β-primeverosides (6-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosides). these vocs play a critical role in plant defenses and tea aroma quality, yet little is known about their biosynthesis and physiological roles in planta. here, we identified two udp-glycosyltransferases (ugts) from c. sinensis, ugt85k11 (csgt1) and u ... | 2015 | 25922059 |
| a case-control study of stomach cancer in relation to camellia sinensis in china. | the purpose of our study was to investigate the association between green tea (camellia sinensis) drinking habits and risk of stomach cancer in china. | 2015 | 25920351 |
| the effect of ginkgo biloba and camellia sinensis extracts on psychological state and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | interest in finding natural antioxidants for use in food or medical materials to prevent free radical imbalance has increased considerably over the past years. the aim of this research was to evaluate changes in glycemic control and psychological state of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) after use of antioxidant plant preparations. fifty-six patients with t2dm were randomly allocated to receive standardized ginkgo biloba l. leaves dry extract, green tea dry extract, or placebo capsu ... | 2014 | 25918808 |
| green tea catechin inhibits the activity and neutrophil release of matrix metalloproteinase-9. | green tea (camellia sinensis; lǜ chá) extracts have been shown to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in various cell types. green tea extract (gtx) has been shown to significantly inhibit the activity of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13 (mmp-13)) in vitro. mmps, such as mmp-9, are known to be involved in many inflammatory diseases including periodontal disease. gtx and a major catechin, epigallocatechin-gallate (egcg), were examined for their ability to inhibit purified ... | 2016 | 27774417 |
| selected tea and tea pomace extracts inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase activity in vitro and postprandial hyperglycemia in vivo. | type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) is a metabolic disorder characterized by postprandial hyperglycemia, which is an early defect of t2dm and thus a primary target for anti-diabetic drugs. a therapeutic approach is to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase, the key enzyme for dietary carbohydrate digestion, resulting in delayed rate of glucose absorption. although tea extracts have been reported to have anti-diabetic effects, the potential bioactivity of tea pomace, the main bio waste of tea beverage proc ... | 2015 | 25906471 |
| integrated rna-seq and srna-seq analysis identifies chilling and freezing responsive key molecular players and pathways in tea plant (camellia sinensis). | tea [camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze, theaceae] is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. cold stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses that limit tea plants' growth, survival and geographical distribution. however, the genetic regulatory network and signaling pathways involved in cold stress responses in tea plants remain unearthed. using rna-seq, dge and srna-seq technologies, we performed an integrative analysis of mirna and mrna expression profiling and their reg ... | 2015 | 25901577 |
| molecular cloning of a dehydration-responsive protein gene (mrd22) from mulberry, and determination of abiotic stress patterns of mrd22 gene expression. | a full-length cdna sequence coding for dehydration-responsive protein gene of mulberry tree, which we designated was mrd22 (genbank accession number: jq804833) was cloned based on mulberry expressed sequence tags (ests). mrd22 is 1503 bp long, contains a 334 bp 5'-utr (untranslated region) and a 563 bp 3'-utr, encodes 201 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 54.28 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.35. phylogenetic analysis based on mrd22 sequences from different species showed that m ... | 2015 | 25895340 |
| acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of black tea in rodents. | systematic oral toxicity study for black tea (camellia sinensis), the most commonly consumed variety of tea, is lacking. the present study was undertaken to assess the iron load on black tea (camellia sinensis) and its safety aspects in animals. | 2017 | 25878375 |
| polymorphism and evolution of ribosomal dna in tea (camellia sinensis, theaceae). | ribosomal dna (rdna) repeats often exhibit a high level of within-species homogeneity, but intra-individual polymorphism of rdna has been found in camellia species. in order to reveal the evolutionary pattern of rdna repeats in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze], we identified the 45s rdna loci, estimated their copy number, and cloned partial regions of them from different pcr products and from digested genomic dna. the results show that there are 3 loci (6 sites) containing 45s rdna in the ... | 2015 | 25871774 |
| heterozygosities and genetic relationship of tea cultivars revealed by simple sequence repeat markers and implications for breeding and genetic mapping programs. | genetic maps are essential tools for quantitative trait locus analysis and marker-assisted selection breeding. in order to select parents that are highly heterozygous for genetic mapping, the heterozygosity (hs) of 24 tea cultivars (camellia sinensis) was analyzed with 72 simple sequence repeat markers. in total, 359 alleles were obtained with an average of 4.99 per marker. the hs varied greatly from 37.5 to 71.0% with an average of 51.3%. on average, tea cultivars from fujian province showed a ... | 2015 | 25867299 |
| multiresidue pesticide analysis in nutraceuticals from green tea extracts by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a new analytical method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of 423 pesticides, isomers, and pesticide metabolites in nutraceutical products obtained from green tea (camellia sinensis) extract. response surface methodology was employed to optimize a generic extraction method. the automated extraction procedure was achieved in a simple disposable pipet extraction. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for the separation an ... | 2015 | 25865796 |
| determination of flavonol glycosides in green tea, oolong tea and black tea by uhplc compared to hplc. | an uhplc method for the determination of flavonol glycosides (fog) from green and oolong tea vs. black tea has been developed for the first time. sample clean-up method by means of polyamide column chromatography was optimized with multiple-step elution. using uhplc and hplc with gradient elution and photodiode array detection, eighteen fog compounds were determined with the aid of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. these fog compounds were qualified on both uhplc and hplc, and this uhplc me ... | 2015 | 25863606 |
| protective effect of kombucha on rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet is mediated by its antioxidant activity. | kombucha (kt) is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. | 2015 | 25856715 |
| decaffeinated green tea and voluntary exercise induce gene changes related to beige adipocyte formation in high fat-fed obese mice. | we have previously reported that decaffeinated green tea extract (gte) in combination with voluntary exercise (ex) reduces metabolic syndrome in high fat-fed c57bl/6j mice. here, we examined for the first time the effect of treatment with 77 mg/g gte, ex, or both (gte + ex) on genes related to the conversion of white adipose tissue (wat) to brown fat-like adipose tissue (blat) in this model. gte+ex induced genes related to lipolysis (hormone sensitive lipase [3.0-fold] and patatin-like phospholi ... | 2015 | 25844091 |
| epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in rats via suppressing mapk mediated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. | green tea (camellia sinensis) is an extremely popular beverage worldwide. epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) is one of the major catechins isolated from green tea and contributes to its beneficial therapeutic functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. however, the effect of egcg on mastitis is not yet known. this study was to investigate the protective potential of egcg against mastitis in rats. the rat mastitis model was induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide (l ... | 2015 | 25840281 |
| structure characterization of an arabinogalactan from green tea and its anti-diabetic effect. | a water-soluble polysaccharide, 7wa, with an average molecular mass of 7.1×10(4)da, was isolated from the leaves of green tea. monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that 7wa mainly contained arabinose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1.0:0.96. by using the methods of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, and nmr, 7wa was characterized to possess a backbone consisting of 1,3- and 1,6-linked galactopyranosyl residues, with branches attached to o-3 of 1,6-linked galactose residues, a ... | 2015 | 25839799 |
| anticancer effect of black tea extract in human cancer cell lines. | in this study we investigated effects of natural extract from the black tea camellia sinensis (bte) against human colon carcinoma cell line ht-29, human breast carcinoma cell line mcf-7, human alveolar carcinoma cell line a549 and healthy cell line nih-3t3. we identified concentration range for cytotoxic/antiproliferative effects using mtt assay and the trypan blue assay, gel electrophoresis we employed to determine the type of cell death induced by bte and dna damage we determined by comet assa ... | 2015 | 25825685 |
| assessing biochemical changes during standardization of fermentation time and temperature for manufacturing quality black tea. | in black tea manufacturing, one of the most important steps is fermentation which influences the quality of tea. the macerated tea leaves were fermented at various temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 °c) for different duration. changes in polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities, depletion patterns of individual catechins, differences in individual theaflavin levels and formation of thearubigins were measured in leaves during fermentation. higher stability of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes ... | 2015 | 25825546 |
| consumption of black and green teas as a dietary source of polyphenols in polish inhabitants of the mazovian region. | tea is a very popular drink throughout many parts of the world, that includes poland. the tea infusion (cup of tea) itself contains phenolic compounds with anti-oxidant properties that constitute 30% of the dry mass of tea leaves responsible for a health promoting effect on the human body. | 2015 | 25813071 |
| dietary and demographical risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the eastern anatolian region of turkey where upper gastrointestinal cancers are endemic. | oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) is endemic in the eastern anatolian region of turkey. the present study was performed to identify risk factors for escc that specifically reflect the demography and nutritional habits of individuals living in this region. | 2015 | 25773844 |
| maternal total caffeine intake, mainly from japanese and chinese tea, during pregnancy was associated with risk of preterm birth: the osaka maternal and child health study. | the relation of maternal caffeine intake with birth outcomes is still inconclusive and has not been examined in japan, where the sources of caffeine intake are different from those in western countries. we hypothesized that maternal consumption of total caffeine and culture-specific major sources of caffeine would be associated with birth outcomes among japanese pregnant. the study subjects were 858 japanese women who delivered singleton infants. maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using ... | 2015 | 25773355 |
| enhanced resistance to blister blight in transgenic tea (camellia sinensis [l.] o. kuntze) by overexpression of class i chitinase gene from potato (solanum tuberosum). | tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world. a crop loss of up to 43 % has been reported due to blister blight disease of tea caused by a fungus, exobasidium vexans. thus, it directly affects the tea industry qualitatively and quantitatively. solanum tuberosum class i chitinase gene (af153195) is a plant pathogenesis-related gene. it was introduced into tea genome via agrobacterium-mediated transformation with hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene conferring hygromycin resistance as ... | 2015 | 25772466 |
| model system-based mechanistic studies of black tea thearubigin formation. | thearubigins are the most abundant pigments found in black tea, comprising polyphenolic oxidation products, whose composition and chemical nature have remained unresolved until recently. in the course of studying the mechanism of thearubigin formation from green tea flavan-3-ols, a model system, based on electrochemical oxidation of one of the main tea flavan-3-ol substrates, epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), was employed. reaction intermediates and products were subsequently analysed using mass ... | 2015 | 25766828 |
| fermented green tea extract alleviates obesity and related complications and alters gut microbiota composition in diet-induced obese mice. | obesity is caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure and accumulation of excess lipids in adipose tissues. recent studies have demonstrated that green tea and its processed products (e.g., oolong and black tea) are introduced to exert beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. here, we propose that fermented green tea (fgt) extract, as a novel processed green tea, exhibits antiobesity effects. fgt reduced body weight gain and fat mass without modifying food intake. mrna e ... | 2015 | 25764354 |
| antidiabetic antihyperlipidemic and hepato-protective effect of gluconorm-5: a polyherbal formulation in steptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. | the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and hepato-protective effect of gluconorm-5, was studied in steptozotocin (stz) induced hyperglycemic rats. | 2017 | 25737607 |
| analysis of accumulation patterns and preliminary study on the condensation mechanism of proanthocyanidins in the tea plant [camellia sinensis]. | in the present study, proanthocyanidins were qualitatively and quantitatively identified using hydrolysis and thiolysis assays, np-hplc, hplc-esi-ms, maldi-tof-ms, (1)h-nmr, and (13)c-nmr techniques in different organs of tea plants. the results showed that in leaves, the tri-hydroxyl, cis- and galloylated flavan-3-ols were the main monomeric catechins units, and (epi)catechin was found to be the major unit of polymeric flavan-3-ols when the degree of polymerization was greater than five. in roo ... | 2015 | 25735226 |
| beverage habits and mortality in chinese adults. | there is limited research examining beverage habits, one of the most habitual dietary behaviors, with mortality risk. | 2015 | 25733477 |
| chinese green tea consumption reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and tissues damage in smoke exposed rats. | one cause of cigarette smoking is oxidative stress that may alter the cellular antioxidant defense system, induce apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in liver, lung, and kidney. it has been shown that chinese green tea (cgt) (lung chen tea) has higher antioxidant property than black tea. in this paper, we will explore the preventive effect of cgt on cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage, apoptosis and tissues inflammation in albino rat model. | 2014 | 25729541 |
| daily consumption of white tea (camellia sinensis (l.)) improves the cerebral cortex metabolic and oxidative profile in prediabetic wistar rats. | diabetes mellitus (dm) is a major public health problem and its incidence is rising dramatically. the brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, is very susceptible to glucose fluctuations and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. tea (camellia sinensis (l.)) is widely consumed; however, the antidiabetic properties of white tea remain largely unexplored. in the present study, we investigated the effects of daily consumption of white tea on the cerebral cortex of prediabetic rats. the cerebral c ... | 2015 | 25716141 |
| effects of green and black tea consumption on brain wave activities in healthy volunteers as measured by a simplified electroencephalogram (eeg): a feasibility study. | tea has been associated with many mental benefits, such as attention enhancement, clarity of mind, and relaxation. these psychosomatic states can be measured in terms of brain activity using an electroencephalogram (eeg). brain activity can be assessed either during a state of passive activity or when performing attention tasks and it can provide useful information about the brain's state. this study investigated the effects of green and black consumption on brain activity as measured by a simpl ... | 2016 | 25714035 |
| evaluation of the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of green tea polyphenols and different tea types. | the objective of this study was to determine whether green tea, black tea and oolong tea have inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase which may be used to control postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2016 | 25707691 |
| [biochemical processes at the stage of withering during black tea production]. | we determined the molecular weight and some properties of multiple forms of phenol oxidase from tea leaves and four other perennial plants. it was shown that multiple high- and low-molecular forms of phenol oxidase differed in substrate specificity. low-molecular forms of the enzyme mostly demonstrated hydroxylase activity, while high-molecular forms showed catechol oxidase activity. it was revealed that the withering stage of black tea production is accompanied by the formation of only high-mol ... | 2015 | 25707121 |
| polyphenolic rich traditional plants and teas improve lipid stability in food test systems. | the deleterious effects of lipid autoxidation are of major concern to the food industry and can be prevented by food antioxidants. in this vein, the phenolic contents and antioxidant potential of traditional plants of mauritius such as p. betle l. (piperaceae), m. koenigii l. sprengel. (rutaceae), o. gratissimum l. (lamiaceae), o. tenuiflorum l. (lamiaceae), and commercially available mauritian green and black teas were evaluated. their ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap) were compared to t ... | 2015 | 25694685 |
| antimicrobial properties of teas and their extracts in vitro. | tea has recently received the attention of pharmaceutical and scientific communities due to the plethora of natural therapeutic compounds. as a result, numerous researches have been published in a bid to validate their biological activity. moreover, major attention has been drawn to antimicrobial activities of tea. being rich in phenolic compounds, tea has the preventive potential for colon, esophageal, and lung cancers, as well as urinary infections and dental caries, among others. the venture ... | 2016 | 25675116 |
| dietary intake of flavonoids and oesophageal and gastric cancer: incidence and survival in the united states of america (usa). | flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds concentrated in fruits and vegetables, have experimentally demonstrated chemopreventive effects against oesophageal and gastric cancer. few epidemiologic studies have examined flavonoid intake and incidence of these cancers, and none have considered survival. | 2015 | 25668011 |
| green tea extracts reduce adipogenesis by decreasing expression of transcription factors c/ebpα and pparγ. | this study is to determine if green tea (camellia sinensis) extracts (gte) affects adipogenesis and further investigate the related molecular mechanisms. | 2014 | 25663987 |
| application of quechers based method for the determination of pesticides in nutraceutical products (camellia sinensis) by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. | a quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) based method has been evaluated and validated for the determination and quantification of approximately 100 lc-amenable pesticides in nutraceutical products obtained from green tea (camellia sinensis). extraction was performed with acidified acetonitrile (acetic acid 1% (v/v)), and additional clean-up steps were not necessary. pesticides determination was achieved using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple qua ... | 2015 | 25660875 |
| black tea lowers blood pressure and wave reflections in fasted and postprandial conditions in hypertensive patients: a randomised study. | hypertension and arterial stiffening are independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. flavonoids may exert some vascular protection. we investigated the effects of black tea on blood pressure (bp) and wave reflections before and after fat load in hypertensives. according to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 19 patients were assigned to consume black tea (129 mg flavonoids) or placebo twice a day for eight days (13 day wash-out period). digital volume pulse and bp ... | 2015 | 25658240 |
| green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates tnf-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to retinal pigment epithelial cells. | epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) is a major polyphenol component of green tea (camellia sinensis) and demonstrates anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. egcg has been shown to protect retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) against oxidative stress-induced cell death. the pathogenesis of diseases in the retina is usually initiated by local inflammation at the rpe cell layer, and inflammation is mostly associated with leukocyte migration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytoki ... | 2015 | 25644976 |
| cloning of a caffeoyl-coenzyme a o-methyltransferase from camellia sinensis and analysis of its catalytic activity. | epigallocatechin-3-o-(3-o-methyl) gallate (egcg3"me) present in leaves of camellia sinensis has many beneficial biological activities for human health. however, egcg3"me occurs naturally in tea leaves in extremely limited quantities. finding an enzyme from c. sinensis to catalyze the synthesis of egcg3"me is an alternative method to make up for the scarcity of egcg3"me in natural situations. in the present study, a complementary dna (cdna) encoding region and genomic dna of the caffeoyl-coenzyme ... | 2015 | 25644465 |
| anti-melanogenic effects of black, green, and white tea extracts on immortalized melanocytes. | tea contains polyphenols and is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. because most tyrosinase inhibitors that regulate melanogenesis are phenol/catechol derivatives, this study investigated the inhibitory effects of camellia sinensis water extracts (cswes), including black tea, green tea, and white tea extracts, on melanogenesis using immortalized melanocytes. cswes inhibited melanin accumulation and melanin synthesis along with tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent ma ... | 2015 | 25643794 |
| epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a promising molecule for parkinson's disease? | parkinson's disease (pd) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and it is characterized by the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine and neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta. thus far, current therapeutic strategies have failed to address neuronal degeneration. it has been reported that overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases through the induction of m ... | 2015 | 25625827 |
| studies on quality of orthodox teas made from anthocyanin-rich tea clones growing in kangra valley, india. | recently anthocyanin-rich purple tea varieties have been developed. the quality of these new purple tea varieties developed in kangra valley was assessed, and compared with the quality of tea from standard kangra clone. purple tea shoots (pl) recorded higher amount of polyphenols compared to standard green tea shoot (gl) while epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) recorded higher levels in gl. higher levels of theaflavins were recorded in orthodox black tea from purple shoots (btp) compared to black t ... | 2015 | 25624244 |
| exploring the nutraceutical potential of polyphenols from black, green and white tea infusions - an overview. | black, green, and white teas are the main commercial teas obtained from buds and leaves of camellia sinensis (l.). the postharvest processing treatments, together with genotype and growing techniques, may strongly affect the chemical composition of the tea infusion and, thereby, its potential effects on health. catechins constituted up to 30% of tea leaves dry weight. during fermentation, polyphenols undergo enzymatic oxidation, leading to the formation of condensed polymeric compounds regarded ... | 2015 | 25601602 |
| anti-wrinkle effects of water extracts of teas in hairless mouse. | tea flavonoids and polyphenols are well known for their extraordinary antioxidant activity which is considered important for anti-aging processes in animals. this study evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of three different kinds of tea (camellia sinensis) water extracts (cswes) including green, white, and black teas using a photoaged hairless mouse model. data showed that the cswe-treatment greatly improved skin conditions of mice suffering from uvb-induced photoaging, based on the parameters in ... | 2014 | 25584148 |
| catechins in tea suppress the activity of cytochrome p450 1a1 through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation pathway in rat livers. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) develop various adverse effects through activation of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). the suppressive effects of brewed green tea and black tea on 3-methylcholanthrene (mc)-induced ahr activation and its downstream events were examined in the liver of rats. ad-libitum drinking of green tea and black tea suppressed mc-induced ahr activation and elevation of ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity in the liver, ... | 2015 | 25582180 |
| combined effects of added beta glucan and black tea in breads on starch functionality. | bread and tea are usually consumed separately, but there may be different food-matrix interactions and changes in starch characteristics when they are combined in bread. this study developed breads (white bread, wf; black tea, bt; beta glucan, βg; beta glucan plus black tea, βgbt) and determined their starch functionalities. breads were developed using a standard baking recipe and determined their starch characteristics. there was no significant difference in starch hydrolysis between bt and wf ... | 2015 | 25578762 |
| comparative profiling of gene expression in camellia sinensis l. cultivar anjibaicha leaves during periodic albinism. | the anjibaicha albino mutant tea cultivar has a reversible albino phenotype at low temperatures. albino anjibaicha leaves contain high levels of amino acids, which are important components affecting the quality of tea as a beverage. to examine the molecular mechanism of albinism and amino acid enrichment in anjibaicha, we used the amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) technique to isolate genes that are differentially expressed during periodic albinism in anjibaicha. a total of 127 ... | 2015 | 25576956 |
| small molecule-sensing strategy and techniques for understanding the functionality of green tea. | various low-molecular-weight phytochemicals in green tea (camellia sinensis l.), especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (egcg), are known to be involved in health promotion and disease risk reduction. however, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive because of the absence of an analytical technique that can easily detect the precise behavior of such a small molecule. recently, we have identified a cell-surface egcg-sensing receptor and the related signaling molecules that control the ... | 2015 | 25561325 |
| report: effects of camellia sinensis l. (green tea) extract on the body and testicular weight changes in adult wistar rate. | this research was aimed to study the effects of oral administration of camellia sinensis l. on the testicular and body weights of adult wistar rats for short and long time periods. the adult wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (a, b and c). every group had ten rats. green tea extract 0.692% (w/v) was given to groups a and b on daily basis. the extracts were prepared fresh and given for a period of ten and thirty days, respectively, while distilled water was given to the group c rats only. the ... | 2015 | 25553702 |
| the association of tea consumption and the risk and progression of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. | many studies have focused on the association of tea consumption and the risk and progression of prostate cancer (pca). however, the evidence is inadequate to draw robust conclusions. to shed light on these inconclusive findings, we conducted a meta-analysis. we searched the database of pubmed and web of science for eligible articles. the relevant data were abstracted by two independent reviewers and performed with stata 11.0. 21 studies were included. the pooled outcomes showed that there was a ... | 2014 | 25550896 |
| biochemical characterization and pharmacognostic evaluation of purified catechins in green tea (camellia sinensis) cultivars of india. | green tea (gt) is derived from the leaves of camellia sinensis implicated in a wide range of health attributes. in the present comprehensive study, methanolic, acetone and aqueous extract of leaves of c. sinensis var. sinensis [kashmir (kw), uttarakhand (ip & pn)] and c. sinensis var. assamica (assam, at) were explored for their phytoconstituents. solvent extracts of gt cultivars showed rich presence of phytoconstituents in comparison with aqueous extracts. the methanolic extract of at and aceto ... | 2015 | 28324294 |
| pcl assay application in superoxide anion-radical scavenging capacity of tea camellia sinensis extracts. | plant polyphenols are known for their limiting of adverse effects on reactive oxygen species (ros) in biological systems. the photochemiluminescence (pcl) assay allows to evaluate the antiradical activity of a compound in the presence of a superoxide anion-radical (o •-), which is one of the ros directly associated with the human body. in this work, determination of the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of different tea extracts using the pcl assay was performed. | 2017 | 28068039 |
| effect of green tea (camellia sinensis l.) leaf extract on reproductive system of adult male albino rats. | green tea leaf extract (gtle), used in this experiment has shown great influence on male reproductive system functionally as well as morphologically. the extract was prepared according to the method of wei. h. et al. the extract was given to two different experimental animal groups with two different doses during 26 consecutive days. after treatment it was found that, the weight of the testis was markedly reduced instead of normal weight gain of all the animals. the sperm count and motility were ... | 2015 | 27073594 |
| randomized clinical trial of brewed green and black tea in men with prostate cancer prior to prostatectomy. | preclinical and epidemiologic studies suggest chemopreventive effects of green tea (gt) and black tea (bt) in prostate cancer. in the current study we determined the effect of gt and bt consumption on biomarkers related to prostate cancer development and progression. | 2015 | 25545744 |
| a systematic review on exposure to toxic and essential elements through black tea consumption in iran: could it be a major risk for human health? | tea is the most popular nonalcoholic beverage worldwide. in recent years, some iranian studies have shown the occurrence of toxic elements in fresh or dried tea leaves as well as in brewed tea. the present study aimed to ascertain the health risks associated with exposure to toxic and essential element through black tea consumption in iran by systematically reviewing the accredited articles in the field. | 2014 | 25538829 |
| metabolomic unveiling of a diverse range of green tea (camellia sinensis) metabolites dependent on geography. | numerous factors such as geographical origin, cultivar, climate, cultural practices, and manufacturing processes influence the chemical compositions of tea, in the same way as growing conditions and grape variety affect wine quality. however, the relationships between these factors and tea chemical compositions are not well understood. in this study, a new approach for non-targeted or global analysis, i.e., metabolomics, which is highly reproducible and statistically effective in analysing a div ... | 2015 | 25529705 |
| dietary pretreatment with green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces the bioavailability and hepatotoxicity of subsequent oral bolus doses of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. | human case-studies have reported an association between green tea-based dietary supplements and hepatotoxicity. studies have demonstrated the hepatotoxicity of high-dose oral bolus dosing with the tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) in mice and dogs. we examined the effect of pretreatment with dietary egcg on the hepatotoxicity and bioavailability of acute oral bolus dosing with egcg in cf-1 mice. egcg (750 mg/kg, i.g., once daily for 3 days) increased plasma alanine aminotransf ... | 2015 | 25528115 |
| transfer of ochratoxin a into tea and coffee beverages. | ochratoxin a (ota) is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, reprotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic (group 2b), being characterized by species and sex differences in sensitivity. despite the fact that ota is in some aspects a controversial topic, ota is the most powerful renal carcinogen. the aim of this study was to make a small survey concerning ota content in black tea, fruit tea, and ground roasted coffee, and to assess ota transfer into beverages. ota content was measured usi ... | 2014 | 25525684 |
| inhibitory effect of black tea and its combination with acarbose on small intestinal α-glucosidase activity. | it is said that black tea is effective against type 2 diabetes mellitus because it can help modulate postprandial hyperglycemia. however, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic and preventive effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. in this study, we focused on the effect of black tea on the carbohydrate digestion and absorption process in the gastrointestinal tract. we examined whether black tea can modulate postprandial hyperglycemia. | 2015 | 25523370 |
| phytotherapy and nafld--from goals and challenges to clinical practice. | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is a global problem and one of the most common liver diseases in the world. various pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies seem to be non-effective and the patients are often advised not to expect a positive outcome. hence, even in the modern western society many patients reach for traditional herbal products. silymarin, a lipophilic extract derived from milk thistle (silybum marianum) has been used in liver and bile disorders for centuries. s ... | 2014 | 25514914 |
| effect of tea theaflavins and catechins on microvascular function. | beneficial effects of flavonoid-rich black and green tea on macrocirculation have been well established. theaflavins are unique to black tea as they are formed from catechins during the enzymatic oxidation of tea leaves. the study was performed to gain more insight into the effects of theaflavins on microcirculation and to compare effects with another important flavonoid class, the green tea derived catechins, which have been reported to improve vascular function. twenty-four healthy subjects we ... | 2014 | 25514559 |