| sequence analysis of topoisomerase gene of pseudocowpoxvirus isolates from camels (camelus dromedarius). | topoisomerase gene of pseudocowposvirus from indian dromedarian camel was amplified by pcr using the primers of pcpv from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of amino acid identity revealed that indian pcpv of camel shared 95.9-96.8 with pcpv of reindeer, 96.2-96.5 with orfv and 87.5 with bpsv. | 2011 | 21501639 |
| concentrations of (137)cs in summer pasture plants that reindeer feed on in the reindeer management area of finland. | samples of summer pasture plants that reindeer feed on were collected in order to study (137)cs concentrations in different plant species and in species nested in certain site types, and to study the regional distribution of (137)cs in the finnish reindeer management area. plant species were categorized by the site types of mineral soil forest (xeric heath forest and mesic heath forest) and peatland. a third category called 'other plant species' included plants with various site types, poorly de ... | 2011 | 21514704 |
| babesia sp. eu1 infection in a forest reindeer, the netherlands. | to the editor: fatal piroplasmosis in domestic reindeer (rangifer spp.) was first reported by kertzelli in 1909; he named the piroplasm piroplasma tarandi rhangferis. similar piroplasms also were observed in blood smears of reindeer that had a condition known as spleen disease, which occurred in the second part of summer in the arctic tundra and was characterized by clinical signs such as splenomegaly, icterus, pale mucous membranes, and death (1). hemoglobinuria, a characteristic sign of babesi ... | 2011 | 21529420 |
| absence of a serum melatonin rhythm under acutely extended darkness in the horse. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569251 |
| molecular identification of taenia spp. in wolves (canis lupus), brown bears (ursus arctos) and cervids from north europe and alaska. | taenia tapeworms of finnish and swedish wolves (canis lupus) and finnish brown bears (ursus arctos), and muscle cysticerci of svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), alaskan grant's caribou (rangifer tarandus granti) and alaskan moose (alces americanus) were identified on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 396bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. two species were found from wolves: taenia hydatigena and taenia krabbei. the cysticerci of reindeer, ... | 2011 | 21571090 |
| arctic reindeer extend their visual range into the ultraviolet. | the arctic has extreme seasonal changes in light levels and is proportionally uv-rich because of scattering of the shorter wavelengths and their reflection from snow and ice. here we show that the cornea and lens in arctic reindeer do not block all uv and that the retina responds electrophysiologically to these wavelengths. both rod and cone photoreceptors respond to uv at low-intensity stimulation. retinal rna extraction and in vitro opsin expression show that the response to uv is not mediated ... | 2011 | 21613517 |
| hazardous drinking and drinking patterns among the reindeer-herding sami population in sweden. | the objective of this study was to investigate hazardous drinking among reindeer-herding sami in sweden. a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in 2007, which included the alcohol use disorder identification test. a total of 319 reindeer-herding sami were compared with urban and rural reference populations of 1,393 persons. data were analyzed with regard to population, gender, age group, education, anxiety, depression, and work-related stress. the sami population did not report a hi ... | 2011 | 21615220 |
| diet and lifestyle of the sami of southern lapland in the 1930s-1950s and today. | objectives. to describe the lifestyle of the sami of southern lapland 50 to 70 years ago in relation to the present-day sami and non-sami populations and, thereby, to provide a basis for future studies of culturally related determinants of health and illness. study design. a qualitative analysis, and a quantitative comparison of sami and non-sami groups. methods. semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 elderly sami concerning their parents' lifestyle and diet 50 to 70 years ago. questi ... | 2011 | 21631968 |
| song: the e. coli song (to the tune of "rudolph the red-nosed reindeer"). | | 2006 | 21638738 |
| [in process citation]. | | 2011 | 21644382 |
| laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in an adult reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | a successful laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy is reported in a novel species, the reindeer (rangifer tarandus). the procedure was performed in an 8-year-old adult positioned in dorsolateral oblique recumbency, with an open approach midline subumbilical placement of the primary 10 mm optical port and carbon dioxide insufflation at 12 mmhg. three 5 mm instrument ports were inserted under visualization in the left caudal abdomen as the retained testicle was localized to the internal inguinal ... | 2011 | 21647390 |
| antioxidant and other quality properties of reindeer muscle from two different norwegian regions. | the effects of origin, gender, age, and muscle type on chemical composition, colour, antioxidant status and sensory profile of reindeer muscles longissimus dorsi (ld) and semimembranosus (sm) from two production regions were investigated. for some variables, the comparison between reindeer and beef muscles was also included. muscles from north norway (nn) were darker and contained more myoglobin and moisture, and less protein and fat than muscles from mid norway (mn). oxygen radical absorbance c ... | 2011 | 21669498 |
| analysis of deletion within the reindeer pseudocowpoxvirus genome. | cases of contagious pustular stomatitis have been reported in finnish reindeer for many years. two species of the genus parapoxvirus of the family poxviridae have been identified as the causative agent of the disease; orf virus (orfv) was found during the 1992-1993 epidemic and pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) was connected to the 1999-2000 epidemic. the genome of reindeer parapoxvirus from the latter outbreak, isolate f00.120r, was recently sequenced and confirmed as pcpv. the six gene deletion of the ... | 2011 | 21798294 |
| organochlorine and metal contaminants in traditional foods from st. lawrence island, alaska. | marine mammals (bowhead whale, walrus, and various seals) constitute the major component of the diet of the yupik people of st. lawrence island, alaska. st. lawrence island residents have higher serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) than in the general u.s. population. in order to determine potential sources, traditional food samples were collected from 2004 to 2009 and analyzed for pcbs, three chlorinated pesticides, and seven heavy metals (mercury, copper, zinc, arsenic, sele ... | 2011 | 21797772 |
| overturning conclusions of lévy flight movement patterns by fishing boats and foraging animals. | a surprisingly diverse variety of foragers have previously been concluded to exhibit movement patterns known as lévy flights, a special type of random walk. these foragers range in size from microzooplankton in experiments to fishermen in the pacific ocean and the north sea. the lévy flight conclusion implies that all the foragers have similar scale-free movement patterns that can be described by a single dimensionless parameter, the exponent micro of a power-law (pareto) distribution. however, ... | 2011 | 21797153 |
| anthropogenic and natural radionuclides in caribou and muskoxen in the western alaskan arctic and marine fish in the aleutian islands in the first half of 2000s. | a number of caribou and muskoxen samples from the western alaskan arctic and fish samples from the aleutian islands were collected between 1998 and 2006 and analyzed for anthropogenic ((90)sr and (137)cs) and natural radionculides ((40)k, (210)pb and (226)ra), as part of the radiological assessment for the regional subsistence hunting communities in the first half of 2000s. we examined the relationship between the activities of these nuclides with the size of the fish. in caribou samples, concen ... | 2011 | 21774963 |
| variations in the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer of fibrolytic butyrivibrio isolates from the reindeer rumen. | strains of butyrivibrio are principal cellulytic bacteria in the rumen of the high arctic svalbard reindeer ( rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus ). according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequencing, butyrivibrio can be divided into three subgroups within the clostridia class of the phylum firmicutes, but the current phenotypic and genotypic differentiation within the family lachnospiraceae is insufficient. this current study describes the sequence diversity of the 16s-23s rrna in ... | 2011 | 21774627 |
| composition and some quality characteristics of the longissimus muscle of reindeer in norway compared to farmed new zealand red deer. | norwegian reindeer of finnmark county live under harsh conditions on extensive feed sources. thus the meat may have special qualities. m. longissimus lumborum from 30 animals was investigated with respect to carcass and meat quality and compositional/nutritional characteristics. meat from calves had a higher myofibrillar fragmentation index and tenderness, and had lighter, redder and more yellow colour than meat from adult reindeer. regarding nutritional compounds the meat from calves had lower ... | 2011 | 21757298 |
| daily body temperature rhythms persist under the midnight sun but are absent during hibernation in free-living arctic ground squirrels. | in indigenous arctic reindeer and ptarmigan, circadian rhythms are not expressed during the constant light of summer or constant dark of winter, and it has been hypothesized that a seasonal absence of circadian rhythms is common to all vertebrate residents of polar regions. here, we show that, while free-living arctic ground squirrels do not express circadian rhythms during the heterothermic and pre-emergent euthermic intervals of hibernation, they display entrained daily rhythms of body tempera ... | 2011 | 21752811 |
| incentives and regulations to reconcile conservation and development: thirty years of governance of the sami pastoral ecosystem in finnmark, norway. | incentive-based mechanisms are regarded as efficient instruments to reconcile conservation and development. this win-win objective has been difficult to accomplish; cross-compliance has, therefore, been suggested as a mechanism to ensure sustainability. cross-compliance, which requires producers to conform to production regulations and environmental standards to qualify for direct payments, has been a popular instrument in the common agricultural policy (cap) reform. since 1990, cross-compliance ... | 2011 | 21745708 |
| gestation length in farmed reindeer. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarundus) are the only cervids indigenous to the arctic environment. in alaska, reindeer are a recognized agricultural species and an economic mainstay for many native populations. traditionally raised in extensive free-ranging systems, a recent trend toward intensive farming requires a more in-depth knowledge of reproductive management. reported gestation length in reindeer varies, ranging from 198 to 229 d in studies performed at the university of alaska fairbanks. ... | 2010 | 21755691 |
| assessing risk of mercury exposure and nutritional benefits of consumption of caribou (rangifer tarandus) in the vuntut gwitchin first nation community of old crow, yukon, canada. | the contamination of traditional foods with chemical pollutants is a challenge to the food security of aboriginal peoples. mercury levels are generally low in terrestrial animals; however renal mercury levels have been shown to change over time in the porcupine caribou herd, the principal food source for the vuntut gwitchin first nation of old crow in yukon, canada. seventy-five porcupine caribou muscle, sixty-three kidney and three liver samples were analyzed for total mercury. average concentr ... | 2011 | 21700277 |
| a comparative study of hepatic trace element levels in wild moose, roe deer, and reindeer from norway. | liver samples from 422 wild moose (alces alces), 280 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and 73 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) collected by hunters in various localities in norway, 2002-2003, were analyzed for the essential trace elements cobalt, copper (cu), manganese (mn), molybdenum, selenium (se), and zinc. significant differences in hepatic concentrations among species were found for all elements except for mn, and considerable individual and geographic variations were seen. roe deer had statisti ... | 2011 | 21719831 |
| a skill better than rudolph's. | | 2011 | 21827113 |
| the importance of willow thickets for ptarmigan and hares in shrub tundra: the more the better? | in patchy habitats, the relationship between animal abundance and cover of a preferred habitat may change with the availability of that habitat, resulting in a functional response in habitat use. here, we investigate the relationship of two specialized herbivores, willow ptarmigan (lagopus lagopus) and mountain hare (lepus timidus), to willows (salix spp.) in three regions of the shrub tundra zone-northern norway, northern european russia and western siberia. shrub tundra is a naturally patchy h ... | 2011 | 21833646 |
| caribou-induced changes in species dominance of lichen woodlands: an analysis ofplant remains. | plant communities in northern quebec-labrador, canada have been severely grazed and trampled since the early 1980s by the increasingly large george river caribou herd (grch). to evaluate changes in species dominance associated with caribou disturbance, we compared past and present ground vegetation from 14 lichen woodlands. plant remains from superficial organic horizons indicate that ground vegetation was largely dominated by lichens (especially cladina) before the onset of caribou disturbance. ... | 2004 | 21653398 |
| effective immobilizing doses of medetomidine-ketamine in free-ranging, wild norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | combinations of medetomidine and ketamine were evaluated in free-ranging, wild norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) as part of a reintroduction program in southwestern norway in november 1995 and november 1996. the drugs were administered by dart from a helicopter. the mean (sd) effective immobilizing doses for 29 adults (8 males, 21 females) were 0.21 (0.04) mg medetomidine/kg and 1.0 (0.2) mg ketamine/ kg based on estimated body mass. there was no significant difference in mean indu ... | 2011 | 21719847 |
| development of a signature probe targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer of a ruminal ruminococcus flavefaciens isolate from reindeer. | the cellulolytic ruminococcus flavefaciens has previously been introduced into the ruminant rumen to increase microbial degradation of plant cell wall carbohydrates. the functional effect of an introduced bacterium depends on its ability to establish in the digestive tract, and signature probes can be used as a tool to track and quantify introduced strains. the purpose of this current study was to develop an oligonucleotide signature probe targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2011 | 21831789 |
| climate change and consequences in the arctic: perception of climate change by the nenets people of vaigach island. | arctic climate change is already having a significant impact on the environment, economic activity, and public health. for the northern peoples, traditions and cultural identity are closely related to the natural environment so any change will have consequences for society in several ways. | 2011 | 22091216 |
| factors in the adaptation of reindeer herders to caribou on the seward peninsula, alaska. | over the last century, reindeer herding has provided a major economic base in eskimo villages on the seward peninsula, alaska, and has come to represent an important dimension of native cultural identity. as a result of the current population explosion of caribou from the western arctic caribou herd, along with a shift in the herd's migratory patterns, reindeer ranges that were free of caribou for generations are now being flooded by tens of thousands. reindeer join these migrating caribou and l ... | 2005 | 21847836 |
| Santa's reindeer declared fit to fly. | | 2011 | 22184349 |
| composition of minced meat part b: a survey of commercial ground meat. | a modified polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic method was used to differentiate qualitatively various species of meat such as beef, pork, venison, reindeer, and mutton. the composition of commercial minced meat was examined; and illegal adulterations of minced beef with pork were detected. | 1994 | 22059712 |
| Density-dependence vs. density-independence - linking reproductive allocation to population abundance and vegetation greenness. | 1. Recent studies have shown that optimal reproductive allocation depends on both climatic conditions and population density. We tested this hypothesis using six years of demographic data from eight reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations coupled with data on population abundance and vegetation greenness [measured using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)]. 2. Female spring body mass positively affected summer body mass gain, and lactating females were unable to compensate for harsh winters as ... | 2011 | 21985598 |
| Behavioural trade-offs in response to external stimuli: time allocation of an Arctic ungulate during varying intensities of harassment by parasitic flies. | 1. Macroparasites may be a major factor shaping animal behaviour. Tundra ecosystems inhabited by caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are known for large concentrations of ectoparasites including mosquitoes (Culicidae) and black flies (Simuliidae), as well as endoparasitic oestrid flies (Oestridae). 2. Increased intensity and duration of insect harassment because of climatic warming is hypothesized as a potential factor in recent declines of Rangifer across the circumpolar north. Although th ... | 2012 | 21950373 |
| the legacy of logging-estimating arboreal lichen occurrence in a boreal multiple-use landscape on a two century scale. | in northern sweden, the availability of arboreal lichens (bryoria fuscescens, alectoria sarmentosa) as winter grazing resources is an important element in reindeer husbandry. with the industrialization of forestry, forests rich in arboreal lichens have diminished considerably. here, we analyze how forestry has impacted lichen availability from the 1920's to the present day and model its future development assuming different forest management scenarios.we recorded the current occurrence of b. fus ... | 2011 | 22194912 |
| first record of taenia ovis krabbei muscle cysts in muskoxen from greenland. | a first record of taenia ovis krabbei muscle cysts in a muskoxen (ovibos moschatus) from the kangerlussuaq population in west greenland suggests that introduced muskoxen now contributes to the transmission of this parasite in addition to previous observations from caribou (rangifer tarandus). muskoxen and caribou are the only wild ungulates in greenland. | 2011 | 21955737 |
| carcass composition and yield of alaskan reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) steers and effects of electrical stimulation applied during field slaughter on meat quality. | twenty six adult reindeer steers (>3 years old) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation (es) on the quality of hot-boned, rapidly frozen shoulder meat and of the striploin (m. longissimus, ld) from carcasses held at +3°c for 48h. carcass yield and composition was determined from the left carcass half from which the shoulder meat was not removed. the shoulder meat was processed frozen into cubed, sliced or ground products. proximate composition of the ld, meat color ... | 2008 | 22062269 |
| proteolysis and tenderisation in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) bull longissimus thoracis muscle of varying ultimate ph. | proteolysis and tenderisation in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) m. longissimus thoracis were studied. mm. longissimus ( the part cut out between vertebrae thoracales 6-7 and vertebrae lumbales 5-6) from 12 reindeer bulls (age 1 1 2 years) were, after ultimate ph and temperature measurements, excised and then sampled at various times post mortem for determination of sarcomere length, warner-bratzler shear force, calpain and calpastatin activities, cathepsins b + l activities, active si ... | 1997 | 22061843 |
| forest fragmentation and landscape transformation in a reindeer husbandry area in sweden. | reindeer husbandry and forestry are two main land users in boreal forests in northern sweden. modern forestry has numerous negative effects on the ground-growing and arboreal lichens that are crucial winter resources for reindeer husbandry. using digitized historical maps, we examined changes in the forest landscape structure during the past 100 years, and estimated corresponding changes in suitability of forest landscape mosaics for the reindeer winter grazing. cover of old coniferous forests, ... | 2011 | 22102063 |
| implications of body condition on the unsustainable predation rates of endangered mountain caribou. | both top-down and bottom-up processes influence herbivore populations, and identifying dominant limiting factors is essential for applying effective conservation actions. mountain caribou are an endangered ecotype of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) that have been declining, and unsustainable predation has been identified as the proximate cause. to investigate the role of poor nutrition, we examined the influence of sex, season, age class, and available suitable habitat (i.e., old-gr ... | 2011 | 22183706 |
| regulation of brain temperature in winter-acclimatized reindeer under heat stress. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus) are protected against the arctic winter cold by thick fur of prime insulating capacity and hence have few avenues of heat loss during work. we have investigated how these animals regulate brain temperature under heavy heat loads. animals were instrumented for measurements of blood flow, tissue temperatures and respiratory frequency (f) under full anaesthesia, whereas measurements were also made in fully conscious animals while in a climatic chamber or running on a tr ... | 2011 | 22031750 |
| what is known about the health and living conditions of the indigenous people of northern scandinavia, the sami? | the sami are the indigenous ethnic population of northern scandinavia. their health condition is poorly known, although the knowledge has improved over the last decade. | 2011 | 22007156 |
| natural radioactivity and cesium-137 in alaskan caribou and reindeer samples. | | 1967 | 22148410 |
| discovery and description of the "davtiani" morphotype for teladorsagia boreoarcticus (trichostrongyloidea: ostertagiinae) abomasal parasites in muskoxen, ovibos moschatus and caribou, rangifer tarandus from the north american arctic: implications for parasite faunal diversity. | abstract collections to explore helminth diversity among free-ranging ungulates in the north american arctic revealed the occurrence of a third male, or "davtiani," morphotype for teladorsagia boreoarcticus. designated as t. boreoarcticus forma (f.) minor b, the males occurred with t. boreoarcticus f. major and t. borearcticus f. minor a in endemic populations of muskoxen (o. m. wardi) and barrenground caribou (r. tarandus groenlandicus) on victoria island, nunavut, canada and in muskoxen an ... | 2011 | 21942428 |
| Climate, icing, and wild arctic reindeer: past relationships and future prospects. | Across the Arctic, heavy rain-on-snow (ROS) is an "extreme" climatic event that is expected to become increasingly frequent with global warming. This has potentially large ecosystem implications through changes in snowpack properties and ground-icing, which can block the access to herbivores' winter food and thereby suppress their population growth rates. However, the supporting empirical evidence for this is still limited. We monitored late winter snowpack properties to examine the causes and c ... | 2011 | 22073783 |
| Pastoral Herding Strategies and Governmental Management Objectives: Predation Compensation as a Risk Buffering Strategy in the Saami Reindeer Husbandry. | Previously it has been found that an important risk buffering strategy in the Saami reindeer husbandry in Norway is the accumulation of large herds of reindeer as this increases long-term household viability. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated how official policies, such as economic compensation for livestock losses, can influence pastoral strategies. This study investigated the effect of received predation compensation on individual husbandry units' future herd size. The main finding i ... | 2011 | 21874081 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| Community-based health research led by the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation. | This paper documents an exceptional research partnership developed between the Vuntut Gwitchin Government (VGG) in Old Crow, Yukon, with a group of scientists to examine northern food security and health as part of a larger, multidisciplinary International Polar Year (IPY) research program. We focus on the elements that enabled a successful community-researcher relationship. Study design. The VGG led the development of the research and acted as Principal Investigator on the IPY grant. The multid ... | 2011 | 21884655 |
| Pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus infections in Swedish reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.). | Herding semi-domesticated reindeer has economic and social value for Sami people in the northern territories of Fennoscandia. However, with the intensification of reindeer husbandry, interspecies transmission of pathogens between reindeer and domestic animals may become a problem, especially for countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Finland where pestivirus and alphaherpesvirus have been eradicated in domestic ruminants. This study, which included 1158 Swedish reindeer, showed relatively high pr ... | 2011 | 22078277 |
| biomagnification of perfluorinated compounds in a remote terrestrial food chain: lichen-caribou-wolf. | the biomagnification behavior of perfluorinated carboxylates (pfcas) and perfluorinated sulfonates (pfsas) was studied in terrestrial food webs consisting of lichen and plants, caribou, and wolves from two remote northern areas in canada. six pfcas with eight to thirteen carbons and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) were regularly detected in all species. lowest concentrations were found for vegetation (0.02-0.26 ng/g wet weight (ww) sum (σ) pfcas and 0.002-0.038 ng/g ww pfos). wolf liver showed ... | 2011 | 21905660 |
| pre-slaughter handling of reindeer-effects on meat quality. | the centralization of the slaughter industry has created one of the biggest problems for beef quality, namely dark-cutting or dfd. after studying the various handling routines and their effects on meat quality, it was found possible, by applying simple and clearcut rules, to minimize the dfd frequency in beef. we then started to scrutinize the slaughter procedure for reindeer, as we realized that new directives in sweden would lead to centralization of the slaughter industry. before the new dire ... | 1996 | 22060656 |
| natural variation in 210po and 210pb activity concentrations in the urine of finnish population groups. | a study to determine activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in the urine of certain finnish population groups was conducted, to investigate the variation in natural background level of urinary excretion. the study participants were divided into three groups mainly based on their diet. the first group comprised recreational fishermen and the second group represented people consuming more reindeer meat than an average finn, while people using drinking water with very high activity concentr ... | 2011 | 21922285 |
| Species-specific responses of Late Quaternary megafauna to climate and humans. | Despite decades of research, the roles of climate and humans in driving the dramatic extinctions of large-bodied mammals during the Late Quaternary period remain contentious. Here we use ancient DNA, species distribution models and the human fossil record to elucidate how climate and humans shaped the demographic history of woolly rhinoceros, woolly mammoth, wild horse, reindeer, bison and musk ox. We show that climate has been a major driver of population change over the past 50,000 years. Howe ... | 2011 | 22048313 |
| fatty acid composition of m. longissimus lumborum, ultimate muscle ph values and carcass parameters in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l) grazed on natural pasture or fed a commercial feed mixture. | the effects of feeding regimen on the fatty acid composition of m. longissimus, ultimate ph values in three muscles (mm. longissimus, triceps brachii and biceps femoris) and carcass quality were studied in15 reindeer bulls. nine animals came from natural pasture and six had been fed a pelleted commercial feed mixture for two months prior to slaughter. the pellet fed reindeer had significantly better carcass grading scores (europ conformation), higher trim fat content, more intramuscular fat and ... | 2001 | 22062259 |
| Public health implications of an outbreak of rabies in arctic foxes and reindeer in the Svalbard archipelago, Norway, September 2011. | | 2011 | 21996377 |
| muscle glycogen levels and blood metabolites in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) after transport and lairage. | a total of 66 reindeer cows and calves were included in a study on the effects of supplementary feeding, transport and lairage on muscle glycogen content, ultimate ph and blood metabolite values. thirty reindeer (10 not transported, 20 transported 800 km) received no supplementary feed (groups a-c), another 30 animals (10 not transported, 20 transported 1000 km) were given a supplementary reindeer feed mixture 2 months prior to slaughter (groups d-f) and six animals, which had been part of a fee ... | 1996 | 22060679 |
| Subpopulation structure of caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) in arctic and subarctic Canada. | Effective management and conservation of species, subspecies, or ecotypes require an understanding of how populations are structured in space. We used satellite-tracking locations and hierarchical and fuzzy clustering to quantify subpopulations within the behaviorally different barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Dolphin and Union island caribou (R. t. groenlandicus x pearyi), and boreal (R. t. caribou) caribou ecotypes in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada. Using ... | 2011 | 21939065 |
| facing the limit of resilience: perceptions of climate change among reindeer herding sami in sweden. | the arctic area is a part of the globe where the increase in global temperature has had the earliest noticeable effect and indigenous peoples, including the swedish reindeer herding sami, are amongst the first to be affected by these changes. | 2011 | 22043218 |
| ultrastructural changes during aging in m. longissimus thoracis from moose and reindeer. | game meat is commonly consumed in europe but few studies have examined the quality related parameters. in this study we examined the changes in ultrastructure at four times postmortem in m. longissimus from moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the moose were slaughtered during a hunt and reindeer by swedish standard practices for this semi-domestic animal. ultrastructural changes occurring in all animals included separation of the sarcolemma from myofibrils, i band brea ... | 2002 | 22063633 |
| The steppe species of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants, with a focus on Marshallagia: climate as a key determinant. | We intended to relate the geographic distribution of ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes in relation to steppe climate (and vegetation). Data are either from literature or from newly acquired/available results. Simple or more sophisticated meteorological indices were used to characterize the climate. Regression analyses were used to correlate climatic factors and presence of endoparasites from steppe areas. The distribution of one (Marshallagia) out of five endoparasite genera was concentrated m ... | 2011 | 21894268 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| Morphological and molecular characterization and phylogenetic placement of Sarcocystis capreolicanis and Sarcocystis silva n. sp. from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Norway. | Sarcocysts were isolated from the muscle tissue of three roe deer from southeastern Norway and examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and/or sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene. By light microscopy, four sarcocyst types were found, including those of Sarcocystis gracilis and Sarcocystis oviformis, which had been characterized previously. The third cyst type had about 10 µm long, flexible, hair-like surface protrusions, consistent with those of Sarcoc ... | 2011 | 21853224 |
| Identification of a Mycoplasma ovis-like organism in a herd of farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in rural Indiana. | Mycoplasma ovis is a hemoplasma parasite of sheep, goats, and reindeer; however, natural hemoplasma infection in white-tailed deer has not previously been reported. Subsequent to finding many coccoid, bacillary, and ring-shaped organisms, consistent with hemotropic mycoplasmas, on RBCs from a 72-day-old female white-tailed fawn, we sought to (1) identify the putative hemoplasma observed in blood from the fawn, (2) evaluate others in the herd for hemoplasma infection, and (3) identify clinicopath ... | 2011 | 22112325 |
| fatty acids, antioxidants and oxidation stability of processed reindeer meat. | the effect of hot smoking and drying on reindeer meat (m. semimembranosus) was investigated with regard to vitamin content, fatty acids (fa), lipid oxidation and lipolysis. in smoked and dried meat, free fatty acids were found to increase (p<0.001), whereas polar lipids, cholesterol and triacylglycerols decreased. only slight changes in fa composition of the smoked meat were found but the composition of the dried meat differed significantly from both smoked and fresh meat. fresh and smoked meat ... | 2004 | 22061528 |
| Dual-energy digital radiography in the assessment of bone mechanical properties. | At present, bone fragility and fracture risk are estimated with bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). It is known that DXA-based BMD (BMD(DXA)) has a relationship with mechanical characteristics of bone. Dual-energy digital radiography (DEDR) has also been shown to be a potential method to determine BMD, but the ability of DEDR-based BMD (BMD(DEDR)) to predict bone mechanical properties is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the ability of BMD( ... | 2012 | 22156238 |
| managing for caribou and ecological integrity: reply to serrouya and wittmer 2010. | | 2011 | 21902717 |
| level of selected nutrients in meat, liver, tallow and bone marrow from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer t. tarandus l.). | objectives. to acquire new knowledge on the nutritional composition of semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer t. tarandus l.) and their nutritional value for humans. the results could be useful in updating the norwegian food composition database, whose current data on reindeer is limited. study design. cross-sectional study on population of semi-domesticated reindeer from 2 northern norwegian counties (finnmark and nordland). methods. semi-domesticated reindeer carcasses (n-31) were randomly selec ... | 2011 | 22067094 |
| averted doses to norwegian sámi reindeer herders after the chernobyl accident. | abstract-: the chernobyl fallout is an enduring challenge to reindeer husbandry in norway, and south sámi reindeer herders in central and southern norway are as contaminated by cs as inhabitants close to chernobyl. therefore, norwegian authorities continuously recommend to these reindeer herders the use of countermeasures to reduce their intake of cs. in this study, the authors have applied data on contamination levels in reindeer, results of dietary surveys, and whole body monitoring data in lo ... | 2012 | 22217593 |
| tolerance of an expanding subarctic shrub, betula glandulosa, to simulated caribou browsing. | densification of the shrub layer has been reported in many subarctic regions, raising questions about the implication for large herbivores and their resources. shrubs can tolerate browsing and their level of tolerance could be affected by browsing and soils productivity, eventually modifying resource availability for the caribou. our objective was to assess the compensatory growth potential of a subarctic shrub, betula glandulosa michx., in relation with caribou browsing and nutriment availabili ... | 2012 | 23272191 |
| high diversity of planctomycetes in soils of two lichen-dominated sub-arctic ecosystems of northwestern siberia. | a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems in tundra have a ground vegetation cover composed of reindeer lichens (genera cladonia and cetraria). the microbial communities of two lichen-dominated ecosystems typical of the sub-arctic zone of northwestern siberia, that is a forested tundra soil and a shallow acidic peatland, were examined in our study. as revealed by molecular analyses, soil and peat layers just beneath the lichen cover were abundantly colonized by bacteria from the phylum planctomyc ... | 2016 | 28066382 |
| herding conditions related to infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated reindeer: a questionnaire-based survey among reindeer herders. | infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in eurasian semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) is a multifactorial disease, associated to infectious agents such as cervid herpesvirus 2 (cvhv2) and various species of bacteria, but environmental factors may also be necessary to initiate the disease. little effort seems to have been invested in addressing the herder`s experience with this disease. an information letter with a link to an online questionnaire was sent to 410 herding commun ... | 2015 | 27068819 |
| a new multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals different clusters for anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in domestic and wild ruminants. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-borne intragranulocytic alpha-proteobacterium. it is the causative agent of tick-borne fever in ruminants, and of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans, two diseases which are becoming increasingly recognized in europe and the usa. however, while several molecular typing tools have been developed over the last years, few of them are appropriate for in-depth exploration of the epidemiological cycle of this bacterium. therefore we have developed a multiple-l ... | 2014 | 25228371 |
| in a warmer arctic, mosquitoes avoid increased mortality from predators by growing faster. | climate change is altering environmental temperature, a factor that influences ectothermic organisms by controlling rates of physiological processes. demographic effects of warming, however, are determined by the expression of these physiological effects through predator-prey and other species interactions. using field observations and controlled experiments, we measured how increasing temperatures in the arctic affected development rates and mortality rates (from predation) of immature arctic m ... | 0 | 26378217 |
| a walk on the tundra: host-parasite interactions in an extreme environment. | climate change is occurring very rapidly in the arctic, and the processes that have taken millions of years to evolve in this very extreme environment are now changing on timescales as short as decades. these changes are dramatic, subtle and non-linear. in this article, we discuss the evolving insights into host-parasite interactions for wild ungulate species, specifically, muskoxen and caribou, in the north american arctic. these interactions occur in an environment that is characterized by ext ... | 2014 | 25180164 |
| sequence analysis of bitter taste receptor gene repertoires in different ruminant species. | bitter taste has been extensively studied in mammalian species and is associated with sensitivity to toxins and with food choices that avoid dangerous substances in the diet. at the molecular level, bitter compounds are sensed by bitter taste receptor proteins (t2r) present at the surface of taste receptor cells in the gustatory papillae. our work aims at exploring the phylogenetic relationships of t2r gene sequences within different ruminant species. to accomplish this goal, we gathered a colle ... | 2015 | 26061084 |
| identification and characterization of two novel viruses in ocular infections in reindeer. | a thorough understanding of virus diversity in wildlife provides epidemiological baseline information about pathogens. in this study, eye swab samples were obtained from semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifertarandus tarandus) in norway during an outbreak of infectious eye disease, possibly a very early stage of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc). large scale molecular virus screening, based on host nucleic acid depletion, sequence-independent amplification and next-generation sequencing of par ... | 2013 | 23874987 |
| phantoms of the forest: legacy risk effects of a regionally extinct large carnivore. | the increased abundance of large carnivores in europe is a conservation success, but the impact on the behavior and population dynamics of prey species is generally unknown. in europe, the recolonization of large carnivores often occurs in areas where humans have greatly modified the landscape through forestry or agriculture. currently, we poorly understand the effects of recolonizing large carnivores on extant prey species in anthropogenic landscapes. here, we investigated if ungulate prey spec ... | 2016 | 26865966 |
| metagenomic survey for viruses in western arctic caribou, alaska, through iterative assembly of taxonomic units. | pathogen surveillance in animals does not provide a sufficient level of vigilance because it is generally confined to surveillance of pathogens with known economic impact in domestic animals and practically nonexistent in wildlife species. as most (re-)emerging viral infections originate from animal sources, it is important to obtain insight into viral pathogens present in the wildlife reservoir from a public health perspective. when monitoring living, free-ranging wildlife for viruses, sample c ... | 2014 | 25140520 |
| mycoplasma ovipneumoniae--a primary cause of severe pneumonia epizootics in the norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus) population. | the norwegian muskox (ovibos moschatus) population lives on the high mountain plateau of dovre and originates from animals introduced from greenland. in the late summers of 2006 and 2012, severe outbreaks of pneumonia with mortality rates of 25-30% occurred. during the 2012 epidemic high quality samples from culled sick animals were obtained for microbiological and pathological examinations. high throughput sequencing (pyrosequencing) of pneumonic lung tissue revealed high concentrations of myco ... | 2014 | 25198695 |
| phenology and cover of plant growth forms predict herbivore habitat selection in a high latitude ecosystem. | the spatial and temporal distribution of forage quality is among the most central factors affecting herbivore habitat selection. yet, for high latitude areas, forage quantity has been found to be more important than quality. studies on large ungulate foraging patterns are faced with methodological challenges in both assessing animal movements at the scale of forage distribution, and in assessing forage quality with relevant metrics. here we use first-passage time analyses to assess how reindeer ... | 2014 | 24972188 |
| risk-sensitive reproductive allocation: fitness consequences of body mass losses in two contrasting environments. | for long-lived organisms, the fitness value of survival is greater than that of current reproduction. asymmetric fitness rewards suggest that organisms inhabiting unpredictable environments should adopt a risk-sensitive life history, predicting that it is adaptive to allocate resources to increase their own body reserves at the expense of reproduction. we tested this using data from reindeer populations inhabiting contrasting environments and using winter body mass development as a proxy for the ... | 2014 | 24772280 |
| johan turi's animal, mineral, vegetable cures and healing practices: an in-depth analysis of sami (saami) folk healing one hundred years ago. | the healing knowledge of a sami (saami) hunter and reindeer herder was surveyed as a window into the concepts of health, healing, and disease in early twentieth-century sapmi (northern sweden). the two books of johan turi (1854-1936)--an account of the sami (1910) and lappish texts (1918-19) were examined to determine the varieties of recorded zootherapeutic, mineral, chemical, and ethnobotanical lore, as well as the therapeutic acts, identified conditions, and veterinary knowledge included. | 2013 | 23941666 |
| definition of sampling units begets conclusions in ecology: the case of habitats for plant communities. | in ecology, expert knowledge on habitat characteristics is often used to define sampling units such as study sites. ecologists are especially prone to such approaches when prior sampling frames are not accessible. here we ask to what extent can different approaches to the definition of sampling units influence the conclusions that are drawn from an ecological study? we do this by comparing a formal versus a subjective definition of sampling units within a study design which is based on well-arti ... | 2015 | 25780767 |
| absence of antibodies specific to besnoitia spp. in european sheep and goats from areas in spain where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic. | besnoitia besnoiti and b. caprae, which infect bovids (cattle and antelopes) and goats, respectively, are responsible for besnoitiosis, a chronic and debilitating disease. bovine besnoitiosis is considered to be a reemerging disease in central and western europe. in addition, infection by besnoitia spp. has been reported in reindeer from sweden and finland. recently, the parasite was also detected in roe deer and red deer from spain, where an interconnection between the domestic and sylvatic cyc ... | 2017 | 27815735 |
| systemic besnoitiosis in a juvenile roe deer (capreolus capreolus). | herein, we report the first incidence of systemic besnoitiosis in a male juvenile roe deer capreolus capreolus. the animal was found dead in an area where bovine besnoitiosis is endemic and showed cachexia and multiple skin erosions in the metacarpal and metatarsal areas. moreover, round and elevated white structures suggestive of besnoitia spp. tissue cysts were also present. twenty-eight tissue samples from different anatomical locations were collected for microscopic lesion and parasite detec ... | 2016 | 27225441 |
| proteomics reveals differences in protein abundance and highly similar antigenic profiles between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi are two cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites of the genus besnoitia. b. besnoiti uses cattle as an intermediate host, in which it causes a disease that progresses in two sequential phases: the acute anasarca stage and the chronic scleroderma stage. reindeer and caribou act as intermediate hosts for b. tarandi, which causes clinical signs similar to those caused by b. besnoiti. previous studies demonstrated high molecular similarity, as determined by 18s an ... | 2014 | 25260331 |
| first serosurvey of besnoitia spp. infection in wild european ruminants in spain. | besnoitia besnoiti has been reported to affect cattle, wildebeest, kudu and impala, and b. tarandi other wild ruminants (caribou, reindeer, mule deer and musk ox), causing similar characteristic clinical signs and lesions. however, both besnoitia species have been reported in different geographical areas and the link between the sylvatic and domestic life cycles of besnoita spp. in wild ruminants and cattle remains unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific antibodie ... | 2013 | 23790546 |
| serological evidence of besnoitia spp. infection in canadian wild ruminants and strong cross-reaction between besnoitia besnoiti and besnoitia tarandi. | bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is considered to be emergent in europe and responsible for severe economic losses due to the chronic and debilitating course of the disease but has not been reported in north america. besnoitia tarandi is a related species and it has been reported in reindeer and caribou from different locations of the arctic pole, including north america. diagnosis of clinical besnoitiosis is largely based on the recognition of dermal grossly visible tissue cys ... | 2012 | 22795672 |
| variables associated with besnoitia tarandi prevalence and cyst density in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) populations. | besnoitia tarandi has been documented in free-ranging reindeer and caribou (rangifer tarandus spp.) since 1922 throughout their arctic and subarctic ranges; however, very little is known about its epidemiology. we evaluated variables associated with b. tarandi prevalence and cyst density with the use of barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) from two migratory herds in northern quebec: the rivière-aux-feuilles and the rivière-george herds. diagnosis of infection was made upon the microscopic ... | 2013 | 23307369 |
| evidence for a recent population bottleneck in an apicomplexan parasite of caribou and reindeer, besnoitia tarandi. | the evolutionary history and epidemiology of parasites may be reflected in the extent and geographic distribution of their genetic variation. among coccidian parasites, the population structure of only toxoplasma gondii has been extensively examined. intraspecific variation in other coccidia, for example, those assigned to the genus besnoitia, remains poorly defined. here, we characterize the extent of genetic variation among populations of besnoitia tarandi, a parasite whose intermediate hosts ... | 2012 | 22742966 |
| comparison of gross visual and microscopic assessment of four anatomic sites to monitor besnoitia tarandi in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus). | the objective of this study was to establish a standardized protocol to monitor besnoitia tarandi prevalence and intensity in barren-ground caribou (rangifer tarandus) herds by: 1) calculating the relative sensitivity and specificity of the gross visual assessment of four anatomical sites compared with microscopic evaluation, and 2) determining which of four anatomical sampling sites was the most sensitive for detecting b. tarandi cysts by microscopy. sampled tissues consisted of the conjunctiva ... | 2012 | 22740539 |
| pestivirus infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | reindeer species (rangifer tarandus, linnaeus, 1758) includes wild and semi-domesticated ruminants belonging to capreaolinae subfamily of cervidae family reared in eurasia (reindeer subspecies) and north america (caribou subspecies). herding of reindeer has a great historical, socio-economic and ecological importance, especially to indigenous ethnic minorities. infectious disease threats may therefore impact not solely the animal population driving it to further extinction and irreversible alter ... | 2015 | 26579094 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus in zoo animal species in the czech republic. | this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against borrelia bugdorferi (bb) s.l. and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in zoo animals in the czech republic. we collected 133 serum samples from 69 animal species from 5 zoos located in different parts of the country. the samples were obtained from even-toed ungulates (n=78; 42 species), odd-toed ungulates (n=32; 11 species), carnivores (n=13; 9 species), primates (n=2, 2 species), birds (n=3; 2 species), and reptiles (n=5 ... | 2014 | 24889036 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: evaluating storage and temperature challenges of field collections. | filter-paper (fp) blood sampling can facilitate wildlife research and expand disease surveillance. previous work indicated that nobuto fp samples from caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus subspecies) had comparable sensitivity and specificity to serum samples (≥ 80% for both) in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for brucella spp., neospora caninum, and west nile virus. the same sensitivity and specificity criteria were met in indirect elisas for brucella spp., bovine he ... | 2014 | 24499329 |
| blood collected on filter paper for wildlife serology: detecting antibodies to neospora caninum, west nile virus, and five bovine viruses in reindeer. | we compared nobuto filter paper (fp) whole-blood samples to serum for detecting antibodies to seven pathogens in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). serum and fp samples were collected from captive reindeer in 2008-2009. sample pairs (serum and fp eluates) were assayed in duplicate at diagnostic laboratories with the use of competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (celisas) for neospora caninum and west nile virus (wnv); indirect elisa (ielisas) for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), pa ... | 2014 | 24484497 |
| evidence of alphaherpesvirus infections in alaskan caribou and reindeer. | the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) industry in alaska began with animals imported from siberia (russia) in the 1890's. cervid herpes virus 2 (cvhv2) is endemic in reindeer in scandinavia. we sought to determine if the same virus, or similar herpesviruses, were circulating in alaskan reindeer and caribou (rangifer tarandus granti). serum samples from 292 reindeer were collected during annual reindeer handlings (1988-2005) near nome, alaska. in 2005, swab samples were collected from 40 calv ... | 2012 | 22243919 |
| comparative sequence analysis of double stranded rna binding protein encoding gene of parapoxviruses from indian camels. | the dsrna binding protein (rbp) encoding gene of parapoxviruses (ppvs) from the dromedary camels, inhabitating different geographical region of rajasthan, india were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primers of pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of rbp encoding gene revealed that ppv dna from bikaner shared 98.3% and 76.6% sequence identity at the amino acid level, with pali and udaipur ppv dna, respectively. refer ... | 2014 | 25685494 |
| construction of chimeric bovine viral diarrhea viruses containing glycoprotein e rns of heterologous pestiviruses and evaluation of the chimeras as potential marker vaccines against bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are enzootic in the cattle population and continue to cause significant economic losses to the beef and dairy industries worldwide. extent of the damages has stimulated increasing interest in control programs directed at eradicating bvdv infections. use of a bvdv marker vaccine would facilitate eradication efforts as a negatively marked vaccine would enable differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva). we describe here the construction ... | 2012 | 22521286 |
| anti-brucella antibodies in moose (alces alces gigas), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), and plains bison (bison bison bison) in alaska, usa. | we used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and the rose bengal test (rbt) to test for anti-brucella antibodies in moose (alces alces gigas), muskoxen (ovibos moschatus), and plains bison (bison bison bison) from various game management units (gmus) in alaska, us, sampled from 1982 to 2010. a portion of the sera had previously been tested with the standard plate test (spt), the buffered brucella antigen (bba) card test, and the card test (card). no antibody-positive plains bis ... | 2016 | 26540335 |
| the reindeer abomasal nematode (ostertagia gruehneri) is naturally transmitted to sheep when sharing pastures. | the increasing number of sheep (ovis aries) in northern finland, often alternately corralled with winter-fed reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), creates potential for cross-infection of gastrointestinal nematodes. the aim of this study was to elucidate this possibility with 43 animals. eleven reindeer and 8 sheep had shared a corral by turns, reindeer during winters, and sheep in summers. another 12 reindeer had no known contact with sheep. twelve sheep had no close contact to other ruminants ... | 2014 | 25106839 |