| control of intracellular ionized calcium concentration by sarcolemmal and intracellular mechanisms. | the regulation of the resting intracellular ionized calcium concentration [( ca2+]i) has been studied in ferret papillary muscle using the photoprotein aequorin to measure [ca2+]i. elevating [ca2+]o produced an initial rapid increase of [ca2+]i and tension which then decayed to a steady level. this secondary fall of [ca2+]i is attributed to a secondary decrease of ca entry on na-ca exchange produced by the known fall of [na+]i. replacing external na by k produced a large transient increase of bo ... | 1984 | 6716490 |
| comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of a live attenuated distemper virus vaccine in ferrets. | | 1984 | 6719805 |
| electrical and anatomic characteristics of cells of ferret paratracheal ganglion. | a preparation has been developed for study of the electrical properties of the neurons of the ferret paratracheal ganglia. two cell types were identified. ah cells were characterized by the presence of a single action potential in response to cathodal current pulses, followed by a profound after hyperpolarization that lasted for several hundred milliseconds. electrical stimulation of branches of the laryngeal nerves produced a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (epsp) that was often followed ... | 1984 | 6720937 |
| neural coordination of excitation of ferret trachealis muscle. | the distribution of junction potentials and synaptic potentials to muscle cells and ganglion cells in the ferret trachealis muscle-nerve plexus preparation was studied with local electrical stimulation of branches of the laryngeal nerve or the interganglionic nerve trunk. stimulations evoked excitatory junction potentials in muscle cells and fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials in ganglion (ah) cells located throughout the preparation, regardless of the location of the stimulating electrode. ... | 1984 | 6720938 |
| differential replication of attenuated and virulent influenza viruses in organ cultures of ferret bronchial epithelium. brief report. | in contrast to its abundant replication in ferret nasal epithelium in vivo and in vitro, comparable to that of the virulent strains, the attenuated influenza virus a/pr/8/34 produced much lower yields than the virulent strains in organ cultures of bronchial epithelium agreeing with its relative inability to infect the lower respiratory tract of ferrets. the replication of another attenuated strain showed different temperature characteristics in bronchial epithelium to that in nasal turbinate epi ... | 1984 | 6721679 |
| tapetum lucidum in the pigmented and albino ferret. | light and electron microscopy showed that the tapetum lucidum in the pigmented ferret is morphologically indistinguishable from that in the albino ferret. the matrix of the rods of the tapetal cells was strongly osmiophilic, but glutaraldehyde fixation before osmium tetroxide treatment caused a dissolution of the matrix material. it has been proposed that the tapetal cells are modified melanocytes and that the tapetal rods are composed of melanin, but it can be concluded from our data that the m ... | 1984 | 6723811 |
| meningeal cryptococcosis and congestive cardiomyopathy in a ferret. | | 1984 | 6725123 |
| retro-orbital technique for blood collection from the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | blood samples were obtained from anesthetized ferrets of various ages, by venipuncture of the retro-orbital plexus with a heparinized capillary pipette. it is recommended that a cumulative collection of 20% of total blood volume not be exceeded for any two week period. this technique, when carefully performed on alternate orbits and at a frequency dictated by body weight and volume of blood needed, has been used repeatedly for months without apparent harm or distress to the animal. | 1984 | 6727294 |
| lymphocytic leukemia in a ferret (mustela furo). | | 1984 | 6730228 |
| neurological syndrome in the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | | 1984 | 6730270 |
| role of lipoproteins and prolactin in luteal function in the ferret. | this study investigated luteal function in vitro during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret. corpora lutea taken from animals on day 13 following the ovulatory stimulus (mating or gonadotropin treatment) were dissociated with collagenase and incubated with ovine prolactin (prl), ovine luteinizing hormone (lh), total lipoprotein fraction from canine serum, canine high-density lipoproteins (hdl), canine low-density lipoproteins (ldl) or combinations of prl, lh, hdl, and ldl. total li ... | 1984 | 6733208 |
| the dependence of force and velocity on calcium and length in cardiac muscle segments. | the segment length (sl) dependence of force (f) and light load shortening velocity (vl) was determined for central segments of ferret papillary muscles at different extracellular calcium concentrations. muscles were maintained at 27 degrees c in a physiological solution which contained in mm: nacl 140; kcl 5.0; mgso4 1.0; nah2po4 1.0; acetate 20; the ph was 7.4. calcium concentrations were 1.125, 2.25, 4.5 and 9.0 mm. total force-segment length relations were determined from both muscle length i ... | 1984 | 6741718 |
| inner ear changes in the ferret model for reye's syndrome. | the acute effects of influenza b, aspirin, and hyperammonemia on the inner ear were examined using the ferret model for reye's syndrome. histopathologic examination revealed varying degrees of vacuolization in both the sensory and nonsensory endolymphatic tissues of the cochlear and vestibular membranous labyrinth. the secretory epithelial cells of the stria vascularis and the vestibular dark cells appeared to be more severely affected, as demonstrated by the presence of an extensive number of i ... | 1984 | 6742340 |
| role of maternal immunity in the protection of newborn ferrets against infection with a virulent influenza virus. | intranasal infection of newborn ferrets with a virulent strain of influenza virus invariably resulted in their deaths following virus replication to high titre in both lung and nasal turbinates (collie et al., 1980). however, a similar challenge of newborn ferrets born to mothers immunized by infection with virulent or attenuated viruses resulted in complete protection; no virus replicated in their lungs and little or no virus was isolated from their nasal turbinates. protection appeared to be a ... | 1984 | 6745992 |
| factors influencing free intracellular calcium concentration in quiescent ferret ventricular muscle. | the photoprotein aequorin was injected into cells of ferret papillary muscles to monitor the resting intracellular free ca concentration [( ca2+]i). increasing the external ca concentration [( ca2+]o) increased both resting [ca2+]i and resting tension. the tension and [ca2+]i both rose to a peak and then declined to a steady-state level which was higher than the control. qualitatively similar, but larger, effects were observed if [ca2+]i was first elevated with strophanthidin. the increase of [c ... | 1984 | 6747860 |
| stimulus-specific patterns of intracellular calcium levels in smooth muscle of ferret portal vein. | aequorin was loaded into cells of the ferret portal vein in order to follow intracellular ca2+ levels during smooth muscle contraction. in response to a single d.c. pulse, the aequorin signal reaches a peak during the rising phase of the evoked force transient and begins to rapidly fall while force is still rising. in response to the addition of phenylephrine to the bathing solution, the aequorin signal rises rapidly to a peak while force is still rising but then falls rapidly to a lower level f ... | 1984 | 6747864 |
| interactions between splanchnic and vagus nerves in the control of mean intragastric pressure in the ferret. | to determine whether splanchnic nerves relax the stomach by direct or indirect mechanisms, ramp inflations of the stomach, section and electrical stimulation of the vagus and greater splanchnic nerves, and step inflations of the duodenum were used. a high threshold, sustained inhibition of the gastric pressure response to ramp inflation was mediated by the vagus. prior splanchnectomy increased vagal inhibition. the greater splanchnic nerves had no effect on gastric responses to inflation, althou ... | 1984 | 6747874 |
| characterization of oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration in ferret ventricular muscle. | the photoprotein aequorin was injected into superficial cells of ferret papillary muscles. tension and aequorin light (a function of intracellular [ca2+]) were monitored. increasing intracellular ca concentration ([ca2+]i), either by decreasing extracellular na, or by inhibiting the na pump with strophanthidin, produced spontaneous oscillations of [ca2+]i and tension. fourier analysis showed that these oscillations had frequencies of up to 3-4 hz. if the muscle was stimulated in these conditions ... | 1984 | 6747885 |
| vago-vagal reflexes to the colon of the anaesthetized ferret. | electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagal communicating branch in the thorax at frequencies between 2 and 20 hz elicited, after a latency of 7.2 +/- 0.8 s, large-amplitude colonic contractions. 5 hz stimulation gave near maximal contractions and, because vomiting was more likely to occur at higher stimulus frequencies, was used as the standard stimulus for subsequent experiments. at this frequency the peak colonic contraction was 6.5 +/- 0.9 kpa. following atropine the characteristi ... | 1984 | 6747895 |
| a spectrum of immune responses and pathological conditions between certain animal species to experimental mycobacterium bovis infection. | guinea-pigs, rabbits, rats, ferrets and hedgehogs were infected with a recent field isolate of mycobacterium bovis. the cell-mediated and antibody responses were studied up to 8 weeks after infection at which time the animals were killed and pathological, histological and bacteriological examinations were carried out. guinea-pigs and rabbits produced an intense cell-mediated response and strong tissue reactions around the lesions. this appears, in part, to be responsible for the susceptibility o ... | 1982 | 6756462 |
| inhibition of ciliary activity in organ cultures of ferret trachea in reference to genetic and biological characters in influenza virus strains. | as reported previously, attenuated stable inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses can be screened by a 50% ciliary activity inhibition test in ferret tracheal organ cultures. this test was further applied to a 5 attenuated cold-adapted influenza strains and to 11 strains with known a percentage of rna-rna hybridization with the parental a/pr/8/34 (hon1) virus strain. again, with one exception, attenuated strains could be clearly differentiated from virulent ones. it was concluded that virulence of ... | 1982 | 6756625 |
| adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tracheal cells injured by influenza infection or by endotracheal intubation. | adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to normal, injured, and regenerating tracheal mucosa was examined by scanning electron microscopy. uninfected and influenza-infected murine tracheas were exposed to six strains of p. aeruginosa isolated from human sources and one strain of platn origin. all of the strains tested adhered to desquamating cells of the infected tracheas, but not to normal mucosa, the basal cell layer, or the regenerating epithelium. adherence increased when the incubation time of ... | 1980 | 6769805 |
| absence of m protein in a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus. | measles virus has been suggested to cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe), a slow central nervous system disease of children. however, several questions remain about the pathogenesis of sspe. for example, it is not known whether alteration of the measles virus genome has a role in the initiation and persistence of the disease. several studies have compared the rna and protein composition of wild-type (wt) and sspe strains of measles virus in a search for markers characteristic of the ... | 1980 | 6772958 |
| acute effects of hypothalamic lesions upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. | the changes in fsh and lh secretion after placement of lesions in the hypothalamus were traced in ferrets serially bled at 15 min intervals. passage of the lesioning current through platinum electrodes in anoestrous females was associated with an immediate surge in lh and fsh output. damage to the hypothalamus of oestrous females also caused an immediate surge of lh secretion, but then a long-lasting second rise in blood lh content set in. high concentrations of lh were never sustained overnight ... | 1981 | 6788875 |
| repetitive treatment with gonadotrophin releasing factor or a long-acting analogue upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. | the changes in plasma levels of lh and fsh were examined after treatment of intact and ovariectomized females ferrets with a long-acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing factor (gn-rf) (d-ser(but)6-lh-releasing hormone (1-9)-nonapeptide ethylamide; hoe 766) either as a single intravenous injection or daily for 6 days. the responses were compared with those induced by daily injections of gn-rf or 0.9% nacl (w/v). treatment with gn-rf consistently induced rises in both lh and fsh release with p ... | 1981 | 6790650 |
| changes in fsh and lh secretion in the ferret associated with the induction of ovulation by copper acetate. | | 1981 | 6793104 |
| lymphocyte subpopulations in the ferret. | | 1981 | 6797850 |
| effect of passive immunization against lh-rh on gonadotropin secretion in the ferret. | administration of ovine antiserum containing antibodies against synthetic lh-rh to spayed female ferrets caused an immediate fall in plasma lh concentration and by 2 h after injection circulating levels had declined by 70--80%. a further decline of 50% was observed on day 2, but by day 4 a return to normal levels had begun and control values were regained on day 6. in contrast, the fall in plasma fsh concentration was delayed, with a significant reduction being first observed on day 2 and minima ... | 1982 | 6798210 |
| excessive nail growth in the european ferret induced by aroclor 1242. | | 1982 | 6808932 |
| catecholamines in the carotid body of several mammalian species: effects of surgical and chemical sympathectomy. | the catecholamine content of the carotid body of several mammalian species has been assayed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection and radioenzymatic assays. although there were strain differences in the content of catecholamines in the carotid body of the rat, noradrenaline was equal to or exceeded the dopamine level in this species. no apparent differences were found in carotid bodies of animals killed by cervical dislocation or those dissected from a ... | 1982 | 6817847 |
| free magnesium in sheep, ferret and frog striated muscle at rest measured with ion-selective micro-electrodes. | 1. neutral carrier-based liquid membrane micro-electrodes were constructed which are suitable for continuous measurements of [mg(2+)](i) in cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations.2. the electrodes show a nernstian behaviour in pure mgcl(2) solutions. in the presence of a constant ionic background chosen to simulate the cytoplasmic composition, the calibration function flattens progressively with lower [mg(2+)], due to the interference of k(+) and na(+). the response to changes in [mg(2+)] is l ... | 1982 | 6820662 |
| anti-influenza a activity of combinations of amantadine and ribavirin in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. | the anti-influenza a activities of amantadine and ribavirin were investigated separately and in combination. ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium was continuously exposed to the drugs at concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration. each drug alone produced a modest delay in a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) induced cytopathic effect. the combination of drugs synergistically delayed cytopathic effect. at 1 mg/l of each, cytopathic effect was prevent ... | 1983 | 6826488 |
| interference following dual inoculation with influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) viruses in ferrets and volunteers. | the effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza a viruses was studied in ferrets and volunteers. groups of ferrets were inoculated with an influenza a (h3n2) or (h1n1), virus or a combination of both viruses: the temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal wash protein concentration was determined. the results showed that both viruses were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did not cause clinical reac ... | 1983 | 6834013 |
| photoreceptor fine structure in the domestic ferret. | the morphology of the retinal photoreceptors has been studied in the domestic ferret by electron microscopy. 2 types of photoreceptor are present and are differentiated morphologically into the classical categories of rods and cones. rods are longer, more slender and more numerous than the cones. the rod outer segment is uniform in diameter along its entire length while the cone outer segment tapers distally. cone outer segments are short and large apical processes from the pigment epithelium ex ... | 1983 | 6837923 |
| anterior hypothalamic lesions and pubertal development in female rhesus monkeys. | electrolytic lesions were made in the anterior hypothalamus of 8 prepubertal female rhesus monkeys, aged 1.1-1.7 years. six unoperated females served as controls. no effects were found of the lesions upon age and body weight at menarche or at first ovulation, as estimated by blood levels of progesterone and laparoscopic observations. from these findings it appears that the neural control of puberty in the female rhesus may not be exerted through the anterior hypothalamus, in contrast with the ra ... | 1983 | 6838715 |
| force-length relations in cardiac muscle segments. | using a new technique that measures the length of a segment in the central region of isolated papillaries, we have determined the force-segment length relation for ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees c. the muscles contracted under muscle length isometric (auxotonic) and segment isometric conditions in physiological solutions containing 9.0, 4.5, 2.25, and 1.125 mm ca2+. force-segment length relations obtained from auxotonic and segment isometric contractions were identical in a given ca2+ co ... | 1983 | 6846558 |
| myocardial segment velocity at a low load: time, length, and calcium dependence. | the length and time dependence of shortening velocity (vl) at a very light load (1 mn) was determined for central segments of ferret papillary muscle at 27 degrees c. a recently developed technique that measures the cross-sectional area of the chosen segment was used to assess segment length. segment length (sl) or force could be used as a feedback control signal. vl was determined by releasing the muscle to a 1-mn load (less than or equal to 3% maximum force) at various times during a segment i ... | 1983 | 6846559 |
| maturation in the ferret ileal epithelium and the effect of cortisone acetate. | normal maturation ('closure') in the ferret ileal epithelium occurs, between 35 and 39 days after birth, by a process of cellular replacement. the administration of cortisone acetate at doses up to 1.2 mg/g body weight for 5 days failed to promote any morphological changes in the ileal epithelium in this non-rodent species, and the results suggest that the maturing effect of cortisone acetate in the rat might be peculiar to the rodents. | 1983 | 6853352 |
| characterization of estradiol receptors in brain cytosols from perinatal ferrets. | studies were undertaken to characterize the binding of [3h]estradiol ([3h]e2) to blood plasma and to brain cytosols collected from perinatal ferrets of both sexes. a dialysis experiment showed that the binding capacity of plasma for [3h]e2 was low in neonatal ferrets. saturable, high-affinity binding of [3h]e2 to cytosols prepared from ferret hypothalamus + preoptic area (h + poa), basal temporal lobe, and midbrain + brainstem (sexes pooled) was demonstrated 5 days prior to the date of expected ... | 1983 | 6857750 |
| the ancestral karyotype of carnivora: comparison with that of platyrrhine monkeys. | the karyotypes of six species of carnivora (mungos mungo, paradoxurus hermaphroditus, potos flavus, mustela furo, felis serval, and halichoerus grypus), representative of five different families, were studied and compared. correspondence between almost all chromosome segments was found, and a presumed ancestral karyotype of carnivora is proposed. analogies to human chromosomes are also given, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with previously published gene mapping data on man a ... | 1983 | 6861525 |
| the effects of maternal influenzal viraemia in late gestation on the conceptus of the pregnant ferret. | pregnant ferrets were inoculated intra-cardially on day 30 of gestation with influenza virus. the animals were sacrificed on days 5 to 11 after inoculation and the products of conception including the uterus were examined virologically and histopathologically. the results indicate that the initial site of infection of the conceptus is the haemophagous organ and that spread occurs from this site to the endometrium, placental labyrinth and fetus. lesions in the fetus are confined to the liver and ... | 1983 | 6864368 |
| normal differentiation of masculine sexual behavior in male ferrets despite neonatal inhibition of brain aromatase or 5-alpha-reductase activity. | male ferrets born in the laboratory received subcutaneous silastic capsules containing either the aromatase inhibitor, androst-1,4,6-triene-3, 17-dione (atd), the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, testosterone-17 beta-carboxylic acid (17 beta c), or no hormone, for 15 days beginning on the day of birth; an additional group of females received empty silastic capsules. all ferrets were gonadectomized when 11 weeks of age and were subsequently tested for masculine sexual behavior after a latin-square se ... | 1983 | 6866214 |
| ferret as a potential reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. | a survey was conducted to determine the frequency of campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni in feces of ferrets purchased for use in biomedical research. over a 12-month period, 168 ferrets from 2 commercial breeders were examined by bacteriologic cultural procedures for campylobacter spp; 61% were culturally positive for c fetus subsp jejuni. in a therapeutic trial with 16 ferrets shedding c fetus subsp jejuni in feces, erythromycin given orally failed to eliminate intestinal carriage of the organism ... | 1983 | 6870007 |
| vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates tracheal submucosal gland secretion in ferret. | we studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) on the output of 35s-labeled macromolecules from ferret tracheal explants either placed in beakers or suspended in modified ussing chambers. in ussing chamber experiments, the radiolabel precursor, sodium [35s]sulfate, and all drugs were placed on the submucosal side of the tissue. washings were collected at 30-min intervals from the luminal side and were dialyzed to remove unbound 35s, leaving radiolabeled macromolecules. vasoactive i ... | 1983 | 6870072 |
| some acoustic properties of neurones in the ferret inferior colliculus. | single neurones in the central nucleus of the ferret inferior colliculus (icc) were studied using extracellular recording. responses to pure tone stimuli were analyzed to assess the frequency organization of the nucleus, the sensitivity and tuning properties of neurones and the effects of binaural sound presentation. excitatory tuning curves had the characteristic shape found for neurones in the auditory systems of other species. many ferret neurones were inhibited by stimulus frequencies on eit ... | 1983 | 6871703 |
| the similar interaction of ferret alveolar macrophages with influenza virus strains of differing virulence at normal and pyrexial temperatures. | the possibility that ferret lung macrophages may be one factor operating in vivo to prevent infection of susceptible alveolar cells (as demonstrated by organ cultures) by both virulent and attenuated strains of influenza virus has been investigated. phagocytosis of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] by ferret alveolar macrophages in vitro ... | 1983 | 6875518 |
| pathogenesis of viral encephalitis: demonstration of viral antigen(s) in the brain endothelium. | one of the enigmas in the pathogenesis of inflammation is why the white cells adhere to the endothelium. in trying to define the pathogenic mechanism, we carried out experiments on ferrets infected with an sspe strain of measles virus. using immunoperoxidase labeling techniques, viral antigens were demonstrated on the luminal surface and in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammatory changes. the degree of inflammation corresponded well with antibo ... | 1983 | 6880611 |
| comparative morphologic features of the pulmonary vasculature in mammals. | the ratio of right to left ventricular weight (0.3), and the ratio of the medial thickness of the pulmonary trunk to that of the aorta (0.4 to 0.7) are similar in humans and other mammals for which data are available. there are interspecies differences in quantity and arrangement of collagen, smooth muscle, and elastic tissue in the pulmonary trunk. the medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries is similar in man, baboon, ferret, goat, llama, and monkey. in most other mammals these vessels ... | 1983 | 6881709 |
| presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin g bands and lack of matrix protein antibodies in cerebrospinal fluids and sera of ferrets with measles virus encephalitis. | young adult ferrets were immunized with measles vaccine and 5 to 6 weeks later inoculated intracerebrally with vero cells persistently infected with cell-associated strain d.r. of measles virus isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. of nine ferrets which survived the infection for 3 weeks or longer, five showed neurological signs. at the time of death they had widespread inflammation in their brains, and cell-associated virus was isolated from three ferrets sacrificed ... | 1983 | 6885159 |
| a comparative study of the vagal innervation of the stomach in man and the ferret. | | 1983 | 6885613 |
| intracellular calcium concentration during hypoxia and metabolic inhibition in mammalian ventricular muscle. | papillary muscles from rats, cats and ferrets were microinjected with aequorin, a photoprotein which emits light as a function of ca2+ concentration. the effects of hypoxia and different types of metabolic inhibition on intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ ca2+]i) and tension were studied. 2. exposure of the muscle to hypoxia (po2 less than 5 mmhg) or cn- caused a reversible decrease in developed tension, with no change in the magnitude of the ca transient associated with each contraction. the ra ... | 1983 | 6887018 |
| antiemetic activity of butorphanol against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and dogs. | the analgesic agent butorphanol was evaluated for its ability to block cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and dogs. in ferrets, butorphanol (0.15, 0.3, or 0.45 mg/kg; expressed in terms of the tartrate salt) administered sc 30 minutes prior to cisplatin (8 mg/kg iv) reduced the number of emetic episodes but did not eliminate them. when these doses of butorphanol were administered 30 minutes before and 30 and 90 minutes after cisplatin, they caused a dose-related reduction in the number of emeti ... | 1982 | 6889914 |
| remission of estrus-associated anemia following ovariohysterectomy and multiple blood transfusions in a ferret. | | 1982 | 6890548 |
| suppression of maturation of dirofilaria immitis in mustela putorius furo by single dose of ivermectin. | | 1980 | 6893467 |
| immunization of ferrets against dirofilaria immitis by means of chemically abbreviated infections. | ferrets were exposed to two successive inoculations with 30 third-stage larvae of the canine heartworm dirofilaria immitis, the inoculations being approximately 5 months apart. each infection was terminated by ivermectin therapy approximately 2 months after inoculation. the ferrets were challenged with 30 larvae 3 weeks after the termination of the second infection, and were necropsied approximately 6 months after challenge. of the four ferrets that survived this protracted experimentation, two ... | 1981 | 6894638 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against third-stage dirofilaria immitis larvae in ferrets and dogs. | ivermectin prevented maturation of dirofilaria immitis when given per os to ferrets at a dosage of 0 x 1 mg ivermectin per kg bodyweight two days after inoculation with third stage heartworm larvae. similar results were found in dogs treated one day after infection at a dosage of 0 x 05 mg ivermectin per kg. no heartworm were found in the hearts and lungs of five treated dogs compared to an average of 11 worms per dog in five control animals. | 1982 | 6897584 |
| manual restraint of the ferret. | | 1980 | 6900463 |
| intervertebral disc syndrome in a domestic ferret. | | 1981 | 6911911 |
| using jet injection to vaccinate mink and ferrets against canine distemper, mink virus enteritis, and botulism, type c. | | 1981 | 6911916 |
| transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions in ferret salivary glands. | the net transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions were measured in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, during stimulation of secretion with pilocarpine. the duct systems of these glands were found to be impermeable to water using the split-oil droplet method for stationary microperfusion of lobular and main ducts. the net transductal fluxes of na+, k+, cl-, and hco3- were characterized by analysis of ductal fluid samples obtained simultaneous ... | 1981 | 6934197 |
| handling of calcium by the ferret submandibular gland. | the handling of ca by the submandibular gland of the ferret during stimulation of salivation with pilocarpine was studied using micropuncture and microanalytical, as well as standard, physiological techniques. concentrations of ionized ca were measured in the fluid from the intercalated, lobular, and main ducts of the gland. the net transductal fluxes of this divalent ion were calculated. | 1981 | 6934198 |
| pulpal response to a temporary crown and bridge material in ferret teeth. | the histological effects of a temporary crown and bridge material (scutan) on the pulp of canine teeth of ferrets was investigated at time intervals up to 6 months. after 24 h a moderate to severe pulpal response was observed which persisted up to 6 months. a case of contact sensitivity to scutan is reported. | 1980 | 6936520 |
| secretion of monovalent ions and water in ferret salivary glands: a micropuncture study. | the acinar mechanisms of secretion of the monovalent ions, na+, k+, cl-, and hco3-, and water in the parotid and submandibular glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, were investigated using micropuncture and microanalytical techniques during salivation induced by pilocarpine. the osmolarity and monovalent ionic composition of the primary secretory fluid obtained from the intercalated ducts of these glands were determined. | 1981 | 6937508 |
| the effects of sodium carbenoxolone on the stability of cellular membranes. | various mechanisms have been proposed for the mode of action of carbenoxolone, most of which contribute to improving the mucosal defence and the protective mucus barrier. the incorporation of many sugars into the glycoprotein fraction of gastric mucus of man, ferret and rat is increased by carbenoxolone and the turnover of gastric epithelial cells in the mouse has been shown to decrease after carbenoxolone treatment. the gastric mucosal cell membrane together with the subcellular endoplasmic ret ... | 1980 | 6937938 |
| excretion of monovalent ions and water in the saliva of the ferret. | | 1980 | 6941999 |
| microradiography, light and electron microscopy of the effects of calcium phosphate solutions on dentine and pulp of the ferret (mustela putorius furo). | | 1981 | 6950707 |
| ultrastructural quantitation of connective tissue changes in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in the ferret. | the gingival overgrowth obtained after maintaining ferrets on pht appeared to be due entirely to the effect of the drug, for inflammation induced by banding had no influence on the action of pht in eliciting the overgrowth. the significant change observed was an increase in relative volume of interstitial material (ground substance) in response to pht. although there was no appreciable alteration in numbers of cells present in the lesion, pht had a significant effect on the ultrastructure of fib ... | 1982 | 6953128 |
| the ferret for non-rodent toxicity studies - a pathologist's view. | ferrets have been used in our laboratories over the past 4 years in 12 small drug toxicity studies (14-28 days, 6-8 ferrets, usually male) and recently for a larger study (90 days, 54 ferrets). this has provided a basis for assessing the suitability of the ferret as an alternative species for non-rodent drug toxicity studies. it is amenable to daily dosing by gavage, and it shows gastric damage of a similar type and degree to the dog in response to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. cer ... | 1982 | 6954910 |
| zinc toxicity in the ferret. | | 1980 | 6974744 |
| electrophysiological effects of butoprozine on isolated heart preparations. comparison with amiodarone and verapamil. | the electrophysiological effects of butoprozine, a relatively new antiarrhythmic agent, were investigated in sheep cardiac purkinje fibres using a microelectrode technique and in frog atrial and ferret ventricular fibres using a double sucrose gap technique. comparison was made with amiodarone and verapamil. butoprozine increased the action potential duration like amiodarone, depressed the plateau phase like verapamil and decreased the amplitude and the maximum rate of depolarization. pacemaker ... | 1982 | 6978694 |
| immunolabeling of sspe and wild-type measles viruses in ferret brain cell culture. | immunocytochemical studies using horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody were undertaken in an attempt to determine whether there are detectable antigenic differences which correlate with the biological properties of differences which correlate with the biological properties of different strains of sspe and wild-type measles virus grown in ferret bran cell cultures. the rabbit anti-measles hyperimmune serum used in this experiment contained antibodies to all the measles virus proteins when teste ... | 1980 | 6998252 |
| [evidence of canine distemper virus in kidneys of apparently healthy ferrets (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7006506 |
| cell-mediated immunity in ferrets. delayed dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production. | | 1981 | 7009242 |
| canine distemper virus titration in ferret peritoneal macrophages. | the sensitivity of a ferret peritoneal macrophage fluorescent antibody technique for assay of various strains of canine distemper virus was investigated. the macrophage system was compared with established methods of titration in canine kidney cell culture, vero cell culture, and embryonated chicken eggs. it was found to be as sensitive as and in several instances more sensitive than the established methods. | 1981 | 7011675 |
| delayed implantation in mustelids, with special emphasis on the spotted skunk. | three distinct reproductive patterns are exhibited by mustelids. some species (ferret and least weasel) breed during spring and summer and do not exhibit delayed implantation. others (mink and striped skunk) exhibit variable gestation periods with brief periods of delayed implantation occurring only if the females are mated early in the season. most mustelids (western spotted skunk, badgers, marten, wolverine, etc.) always exhibit a prolonged period of delayed implantation lasting several months ... | 1981 | 7014860 |
| immunity to influenza in ferrets. xiv: comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine. | immunization by live influenza virus induced a greater protective effect against subsequent challenge by the homologous virus than by the corresponding killed virus vaccine. furthermore, tracheas excised from 11-day and 28-day influenza-virus-infected ferrets were more resistant to reinfection than tracheas excised from ferrets immunized by killed influenza vaccine, despite equivalent serum antibody titres at these times. histological examination of trachea sections taken from vaccinated and vir ... | 1981 | 7018552 |
| the sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers. | the superior cervical ganglia (scg) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. these effects are commonly attributed to ... | 1981 | 7026734 |
| distemper virus infection in ferrets: an animal model of measles-induced immunosuppression. | distemper virus is very similar antigenically to measles virus, and the disease produced in ferrets by distemper is a systemic illness quite similar to measles infection in humans. using an attenuated strain of distemper virus, we produced a mild systemic illness in ferrets and were able to study the effects of the viral infection on cell-mediated immunity (cmi). beginning on day 5 after viral inoculation and continuing to day 30, infected ferrets showed a marked lymphopenia, with a reduction in ... | 1982 | 7044625 |
| efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review. | the avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis. one of them has been chemically modified and given the non-proprietary name ivermectin. the compounds have shown efficacy against various stages of filarial parasites. with respect to pre-adult stages in the mammalian host, activity has been observed against dirofilaria immitis in ferrets and dogs, and dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii in jirds (meriones); but activity has not been observed against the deve ... | 1982 | 7051527 |
| circadian timing of sleepiness in man and woman. | men and women living contentedly in long-term isolation from the usual time-of-day cues have revealed surprising new regularities about the timing of human sleep/wake alternations. contemporary effort to ferret out and articulate these regularities in quantitative terms lead to a diversity of mathematical models. if these eventually acquire predictive competence then we may expect practical improvements of therapy for insomnia, jet lag, and some kinds of psychiatric depression. | 1982 | 7051861 |
| effects of early social experience on activity and object investigation in the ferret. | earlier experiments have shown that many of the effects of early social isolation in the rat may be due to deprivation of social play. the isolated ferret, like the isolated rat, is hyperactive; furthermore, its hyperactivity appears to be related to deprivation of social play. however, the relationship between object investigation and social rearing is more complex in the ferret than it is in the rat. | 1982 | 7054018 |
| evaluation of an attenuated, cold-recombinant influenza b virus vaccine. | a live, attenuated influenza b virus vaccine was evaluated in a group of students. the virus, cold-recombinant (cr) 7, was produced by recombining the attenuated cold-adapted parent, b/ann arbor/1/66, with a wild strain, b/hong kong/8/73. in ferrets, the wild strain produced histopathologic lesions in the lungs, whereas the cr strain and the attenuated parent did not. a total of 306 individuals was inoculated intranasally with either the cr virus or a placebo. after inoculation, only one symptom ... | 1982 | 7054318 |
| fine structural examination of the single heart tube in the fifteen day ferret embryo. | the different segments of the embryonic heart tube of the ferret were examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. the cells of bulbus cordis, bulboventricular junction, primitive ventricle, atrioventricular junction, and primitive atria were in the process of differentiating into myocardial cells. the ventricular muscle cells were the most developed cells; the least mature muscle cells were those located at the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube. the cells between the ventr ... | 1982 | 7055837 |
| genetic composition and virulence of influenza virus: differences in facets of virulence in ferrets between two pairs of recombinants with rna segments of the same parental origin. | facets of virulence for ferrets of 16 recombinant clones of two parent viruses a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and a/okuda/57 (h2n2) were determined and viewed in relation to their genetic composition. of the five pairs of recombinant clones with rna segments of the same parental origin, differences in facets of virulence were detected between members of two of the pairs. one pair differed in ability to produce fever, and another pair in ability to infect the lower respiratory tract. subsequent analyses i ... | 1982 | 7061993 |
| serum enzyme alterations in arginine-deficient, influenza-infected ferrets: a potential animal model of reye's syndrome. | young male ferrets developed hyperammonemia and encephalopathy soon after eating a diet lacking arginine. because of this characteristic and their known susceptibility to influenza infections, they were further tested as an animal model for reye's syndrome (rs), a childhood disorder which sometimes develops following influenza and which is characterized in part by encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, and elevated serum transaminase levels. either the deficiency or infection alone resulted in minor el ... | 1982 | 7067689 |
| experimental trichinella spiralis infection in the ferret, mustela putorius furo. | laboratory ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were each inoculated with 500 larvae of a strain of trichinella spiralis that had been passaged in mice for many generations. the recovery of adult worms from ferrets on days 4 and 7 of infection represented a mean of 32% of the inoculum, with most of the worms being in the anterior three quarters of the small intestine. larvae subsequently became encysted in the ferret musculature, with the diaphragm alone yielding as many as 5,750 larvae upon digestio ... | 1982 | 7069183 |
| elevation of nasal viral levels by suppression of fever in ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence. | the effect of suppression of fever on viral levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with either of two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) was studied. the febrile response was reduced by shaving the ferrets or by treating them with sodium salicylate, which had no noticeable effect on the inflammatory response. for both clones, significantly more virus was shed in the nasal washes of ferrets whose febrile respons ... | 1982 | 7069233 |
| an electrophoretic investigation of mammalian spermatid-specific nuclear proteins. | using standardized methods for protein extraction and analysis, the testes of rams, bulls, goats, boars, stallions, rats, cats, hedgehogs, european mink and ferrets were examined for basic spermatid nucleoproteins by electrophoresis. the results suggest that differences exist in the total number of these proteins as well as in the number and amount of the cross-linked cystein-containing proteins. these differences appear to be more family-specific than species-specific. | 1982 | 7077593 |
| haematological and serum chemistry profiles of ferrets (mustela putorius furo). | female, male and castrated male ferrets were studied. weight gain plateaued at 28 weeks of age with males about 500 g heavier than females. no statistically significant differences in haematology were observed with age, but alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels fell while glucose increased. haemolysis led to various changes including marked increases in total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sorbitol dehydrogenase. | 1982 | 7078059 |
| activity of adenylate deaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver: species and dietary variation. | 1. activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and adenylate deaminase were measured in the livers of carnivores (animals characterised by intake of a high dietary protein). 2. animals studied (ferret, cat, dog, hedgehog, rat, hamster, mouse, cow, pig and rabbit) were kept on their natural diet. 3. glutamate dehydrogenase activity showed no variation between carnivores and non-carnivores. 4. adenylate deaminase activity was significantly higher in carnivores than in non-carnivores. 5. in carnivores, ade ... | 1982 | 7083816 |
| respiratory mechanics of a small carnivore: the ferret. | the ferret, mustela putorius furo, is a small relatively inexpensive carnivore with minimal housing requirements. measurements were made from anesthetized tracheotomized supine males. values obtained during tidal breathing for six animals (576 +/- 12 g) were as follows: tidal volume, 6.06 +/- 0.30 ml; respiratory frequency, 26.7 +/- 3.9 breaths min-1; dynamic lung compliance, 2.48 +/- 0.21 ml cmh2o-1; pulmonary resistance, 22.56 +/- 1.61 cmh2o . l-1 . s. pressure-volume curves from nine ferrets ... | 1982 | 7085416 |
| dirofilariasis in a ferret. | | 1982 | 7085481 |
| ultrastructure and morphometry of the alveolar type ii cell of the ferret. | | 1982 | 7086944 |
| no evidence for cholinergic mechanisms in the control of spontaneous predatory behavior of the ferret. | | 1982 | 7089025 |
| proliferative colitis in ferrets. | during a 4-month period, 31 of 156 ferrets (mustela putorius) in a biomedical research program developed protracted diarrhea. clinical signs were green mucohemorrhagic fecal material, partially prolapsed rectum, anorexia, body weight loss, and dehydration. nine of the affected animals were necropsied. on gross examination, the descending colon was grossly thick and histologically characterized by marked proliferation of the mucosa, relatively few goblet cells, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, ... | 1982 | 7091850 |
| ferret foetal infection with influenza virus at early gestation. | | 1982 | 7093143 |
| non-atropinic anticholinergic action of quinidine on the ferret stomach. | 1 the effect of quinidine on the cholinergic response of the ferret gastric corpus was investigated in vivo and in vitro. 2 in vivo, the atropine sensitive contractions of the gastric corpus evoked by stimulation of the cervical vagus in the anaesthetized ferret were antagonized by quinidine (10-30 mg/kg). 3 in vitro, quinidine (10 micrograms/ml) antagonized the contractile response elicited by transmural stimulation (t.m.) of strips of corpus. at this dose of quinidine, the response to acetylch ... | 1982 | 7096390 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of a novel hemagglutinin subtype of influenza a viruses from gulls. | influenza a virus isolates from ring-billed, franklin, blackback, and herring gulls in the united states possess a hemagglutinin (ha) distinct from the 12 reference ha subtypes. serological assays (hemagglutination inhibition and double-immunodiffusion) with specific antisera to reference strains and to a representative gull isolate showed that the ha of the gull virus was not antigenically related to that of any known subtype. the gull virus did not replicate in ducks or chickens but did replic ... | 1982 | 7097861 |
| the ferret (mustela putorius furo) as an experimental host for brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. | ferrets inoculated subcutaneously with 150--200 infective larvae of brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) usually developed patent infection during the 3rd month post inoculation. microfilaremia was transient, and most animals became amicrofilaremic after the 6th month of infection. ferrets developed a persistent eosinophilia at the time of patency. at necropsy, 5--8 months post infection, adult worms were recovered principally from lymphatic vessels and recovery ranged from 0.5--13% of the inocula ... | 1982 | 7102908 |
| ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the mink (mustela vison). | the pineal gland of the mink (mustela vison) was examined, using light and electron microscopy. its cellular structure was compared with that of the pineal gland in other mammalian species, including that of a close taxonomic relative, the ferret. the pineal gland of the mink was composed to pinealocytes and neuroglial cells, as well as numerous neuron cell processes and nerve endings, which provide extensive neural input to the pineal gland. a high degree of vascularity, extent of neural innerv ... | 1982 | 7103235 |