| the effect of epinephrine on feeding and motion patterns in goldfish carassius auratus (l.). | the effect of intraperitoneal injections of epinephrine (0.14 and 0.70 mg/kg) on some characteristics of feeding activity (ration and total time of feeding) as well as on motion patterns (time of swimming in group and separately) in juvenile goldfish has been investigated. two-phase (short-term decrease in the first phase, increase in the second one) feeding response under both doses of epinephrine has been revealed. more pronounced effect of epinephrine at the dose of 0.14 mg/kg on the ration a ... | 2007 | 17698382 |
| tolerance of benzalkonium chloride, formalin, malachite green, and potassium permanganate in goldfish and zebrafish. | to determine tolerance of goldfish and zebrafish to benzalkonium chloride, formalin, malachite green, and potassium permanganate. | 2007 | 17696862 |
| altered serum levels of sex steroids and biotransformation enzyme activities by long-term alachlor exposure in crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2007 | 17668140 |
| diethyldithiocarbamate injection induces transient oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. | the effects of intraperitoneal injection of diethyldithiocarbamate (ddc) on free radical processes were examined in brain, liver and kidney of goldfish (carassius auratus). levels of oxidatively modified lipids and proteins as well as the activities of antioxidant and associated enzymes were measured. intraperitoneal injection of ddc at a concentration of 0.01 mg/g wet mass decreased sod activities by about 30-50% after 48 and 168 h compared to corresponding sham-injected values. this treatment ... | 2007 | 17662702 |
| studies on resistance characteristic and cdna sequence conservation of transferrin from crucian carp, carassius auratus. | transferrin (tf) is a kind of non-heme beta-globulin with two iron ions (fe(3+))-binding sites. to prove tf's physiological functions, fe(3+)-proteins, serum iron contents, and total iron-binding capabilities were tested for tfs of crucian carps (carassius auratus) and sliver carps (hypophthalmichthys molitrix). the above results demonstrated that sliver carps shared 1/3 tf alleles with crucian carps; tf of crucian carps had stronger fe(3+)-binding ability and transportation ability in plasma th ... | 2007 | 17646932 |
| distribution of nadph-diaphorase and nitric oxide synthase reactivity in the central nervous system of the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the nitrergic system has been inferred from cells positive to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (nadphd) histochemistry and/or to the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nnos) immunohistochemistry in different species of vertebrates. the aim of the present work was to systematically study the distribution of cell producing nitric oxide in the goldfish (carassius auratus) brain. to reach this goal, we firstly studied co-localization for nadphd and nnos techniques and d ... | 2008 | 17616449 |
| visual behavior of adult goldfish with regenerating retina. | to determine whether regenerating neural pathways can support visual behavior, adult goldfish (carassius auratus) were injected intraocularly with ouabain and tested for the presence of reflexive visual behaviors (dorsal light reflex and optokinetic nystagmus) and the ability to respond to visual stimuli in a classical conditioning paradigm. all visual behaviors were absent or greatly diminished until 8 to 10 weeks, when retinal layering had returned. at 10 weeks post-ouabain, reflexive behavior ... | 2016 | 17592671 |
| electrophysiological properties of pituitary cells in primary culture from atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | the aim of the present study was to explore the electrophysiological properties of pituitary cells from atlantic cod (gadus morhua), as a basis for future studies of the signaling pathways involved in the control of pituitary secretion in this species. primary cultures of pituitary cells from maturing atlantic cod were prepared by trypsin treatment and mechanical dispersion. electrophysiological recordings were performed using the perforated patch clamp method. a subpopulation of large cells wer ... | 2007 | 17565196 |
| effects of partial ablation of the cerebellum on sustained swimming in goldfish. | to investigate the role of the corpus cerebelli in the control of sustained swimming or cruising in goldfish, carassius auratus, we conducted experiments examining the effects of partial ablation of the corpus cerebelli (cc) on swimming performance against constant water flow at various speeds. ten out of 15 cc-ablated fish successfully maintained sustained swimming against water flow even at the highest speed tested (3.0 body lengths per second). this result showed that the cc is not crucial fo ... | 2007 | 17519524 |
| direct evidence for interaction between lead ions and kidney dna from silver crucian carp. | a direct interaction of lead (pb) with kidney dna from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) has been systematically studied in vitro using multi-techniques, including uv-vis absorption, extended x-ray absorption fine structure, vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism spectral methods and gel electrophoresis. we find that pb is bound with four oxygen or nitrogen atoms of dna in its fresh shell at the distances of 2.64 a. additionally, pb may bind to the oxygen atom of nucleic acid or nit ... | 2007 | 17517428 |
| kármán vortex street detection by the lateral line. | fish use the lateral line system for prey detection, predator avoidance, schooling behavior, intraspecific communication and spatial orientation. in addition the lateral line may be important for station holding and for the detection of the hydrodynamic trails (vortex streets) generated by swimming fish. we investigated the responses of anterior lateral line nerve fibers of goldfish, carassius auratus, to unidirectional water flow (10 cm s(-1)) and to running water that contained a kármán vortex ... | 2007 | 17503054 |
| the use of anesthesia during evoked potential audiometry in goldfish (carassius auratus). | auditory-evoked potentials (aeps) have become a widely utilized measure of hearing sensitivity. most investigators use pharmacological paralysis to reduce myogenic noise and immobilize the animal for stable electrical recordings, but additional anesthesia is generally not used because the most commonly available fish anesthetic, the cholinergic antagonist tricaine methanosulfate (ms222), is known to disrupt hair cell and primary afferent physiology. anesthetic agents that do not interfere with a ... | 2007 | 17448451 |
| lipid dynamics in goldfish (carassius auratus) during a period of gonadal recrudescence: effects of beta-sitosterol and 17beta-estradiol exposure. | the potential for contaminants to alter lipid or cholesterol dynamics in fish is rarely investigated and may include critical physiological endpoints that are impacted by exposure to endocrine-active substances. the current study investigated plasma and tissue lipid dynamics over a period of recrudescence in goldfish, while also examining the potential for beta-sitosterol (beta-sit), a phytosterol and 17beta-estradiol (e(2)), an endogenous estrogen, to alter lipid homeostasis. goldfish were expo ... | 2007 | 17428736 |
| detection of cytogenetic and dna damage in peripheral erythrocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to a glyphosate formulation using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. | glyphosate is a widely used broad-spectrum weed control agent. in the present study, an in vivo study on the genotoxic effects of a technical herbicide (roundup) containing isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was carried out on freshwater goldfish carassius auratus. the fish were exposed to three doses of glyphosate formulation (5, 10 and 15 ppm). cyclophosphamide at a single dose of 5 mg/l was used as positive control. analysis of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities and dna damage were performed o ... | 2007 | 17426049 |
| the effects of gaba agonists on glutamic acid decarboxylase, gaba-transaminase, activin, salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase mrna in the goldfish (carassius auratus) neuroendocrine brain. | gaba plays a pivotal role in reproduction by regulating luteinising hormone (lh) release from the anterior pituitary. current evidence indicates that there is a prominent stimulatory effect of gaba on lh release in teleost fish which results from enhanced gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) release and decreased dopamine turnover in the brain and pituitary. we hypothesised that there may be additional mechanisms underlying lh release in goldfish and investigated the relative mrna levels of ga ... | 2007 | 17425614 |
| calretinin and s-100 expression in goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), schwannoma. | | 2007 | 17394528 |
| [cloning and the sequence analysis of the fish glutathione transferase pi gene]. | using rt-pcr method, the glutathione transferase pi cdnas were cloned from cyprinus carpio, hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and carassius auratus. the open reading frames (orfs) from the 3 fishes were 627 bp long (encoding for 208 amino acids) with the initial code atg and the terminal code tga. the sequence similarity was 50% between fish and mammals, 33% between fish and amphibian, and 15% between fish and arthropoda, respectively. the sequence similarity was big among fishes, and the average val ... | 2007 | 17369158 |
| the identification of heat shock protein genes in goldfish (carassius auratus) and their expression in a complex environment in gaobeidian lake, beijing, china. | the enhanced expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) can be detected in response to high temperatures, as well as to many kinds of stressors, including pollutants. partial cdna sequences encoding hsp30, hsp70, hsp90 beta, and heat shock cognate (hsc) 70, and full-length cdna sequences encoding hsp27, hsp47 and hsp60 were cloned from goldfish (carassius auratus). the expression of these genes was investigated in goldfish inhabiting gaobeidian lake in beijing, china. the water of this lake is mod ... | 2007 | 17368997 |
| the life cycle of chloromyxum auratum (myxozoa) from goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), involves an antonactinomyxon actinospore. | the myxozoan parasite chloromyxum auratumhallett, atkinson, holt, banner & bartholomew, 2006, was shown experimentally to have a two-host life cycle which involved a previously undescribed antonactinomyxon actinospore stage. myxospores obtained from gall bladders of naturally infected feral goldfish, carassius auratus (l.), were used to infect samples of mixed species of oligochaete worms obtained from the same locality as the fish: fern ridge dam, oregon, usa. after some 110 days post-exposure, ... | 2007 | 17352790 |
| identification and characterization of two homologues of interferon-stimulated gene isg15 in crucian carp. | isg15 is one of the most strongly induced genes upon viral infection, interferon (ifn) stimulation, and lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation, and only one copy has been found in mammals so far. here two fish isg15 genes, termed caisg15-1 and caisg15-2, have been cloned and sequenced from uv-inactivated gchv (grass carp haemorrhagic virus)-infected and ifn-produced cab cells (crucian carp carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells) by suppression subtractive hybridization. the full-length cdna s ... | 2007 | 17350861 |
| homologous regulation of estrogen receptor subtypes in goldfish (carassius auratus). | while considerable information is available on the physiological effects of estrogen, much less is known about the regulation of estrogen receptor (er) subtypes, particularly in non-mammalian vertebrates. using goldfish as primary experimental model, we investigated sex- and tissue-specific homologous regulation of er subtypes (eralpha, erbetai, and erbetaii) by estradiol in vivo, in the liver and gonads. treatment with estradiol, significantly upregulated transcript levels for all three types o ... | 2007 | 17342729 |
| purification, characterization, and cdna cloning of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbsp) was highly purified from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp (carasius auratus) by acidic treatment of myofibril solution and chromatographies on q-sepharose and benzamidine-sepharose 6b. mbsp revealed a main protein band of approximately 28 kda on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and was particularly inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors. substrate-specificity analysis revealed that the enzyme specifically cleaved at the carboxyl side ... | 2007 | 17253717 |
| interleukin-6 family cytokine m17 induces differentiation and nitric oxide response of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages. | cytokines belonging to the interleukin-6 (il-6) family function in many biological processes and display a high degree of redundancy within the family. although a number of mrna transcripts from teleost fish that resemble il-6 family cytokines have been identified none have been functionally characterized to confirm their identity. we report on the identification and functional characterization of goldfish m17, a molecule possessing sequence and mrna expression patterns similar to the mammalian ... | 2007 | 17250891 |
| the directional hearing abilities of two species of bamboo sharks. | auditory evoked potentials (aeps) were used to measure the directional hearing thresholds of the white-spotted bamboo shark chiloscyllium plagiosum and the brown-banded bamboo shark chiloscyllium punctatum at four frequencies and seven directions, using a shaker table designed to mimic the particle motion component of sound. over most directions and frequencies there were no significant differences in acceleration thresholds, suggesting that the sharks have omni-directional hearing abilities. go ... | 2007 | 17234620 |
| thioperamide delays vestibular compensation in goldfish. | unilateral lesion of the vestibular system induces posturo-locomotor deficits that are compensated for with time. drug therapy is currently used to improve the recovery process and to facilitate vestibular compensation. we investigated the effects of thioperamide on functional recovery after unilateral labyrinthectomy in carassius auratus. approximately 24h after surgery, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with thioperamide (15 mg/kg) and saline (1.5 ml/kg). the injections were repeated ... | 2007 | 17234345 |
| stimulation effect of lithium on the metabolic activity of liver tissue mitochondria measured by microcalorimetry. | the effect of li(i) on the metabolism of mitochondria isolated from carassius auratus liver tissue was investigated by microcalorimetric method to provide evidence for mitochondria hypothesis of bipolar disorder (bpd) and to explore therapeutic mechanism of drug for treatment of bpd. obvious stimulation induced by li(i) on mitochondria metabolism was reflected by power-time (p-t) curves. the power-time curves of hepatic mitochondria metabolism without li(i) could be divided into four parts: lag ... | 2006 | 17205999 |
| beta-sitosterol and 17beta-estradiol alter gonadal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star) expression in goldfish, carassius auratus. | fish exposed to the phytosterol beta-sitosterol (beta-sit) have decreased circulating hormone and cholesterol concentrations, and decreased gonadal intra-mitochondrial cholesterol pools. the current study examined the potential for beta-sit to alter abundance of the key cholesterol transport protein, steroidogenic acute regulatory (star) protein, which delivers cholesterol to the first and rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme p450 side chain cleavage (p450(scc)) inside the mitochondria. plasma tes ... | 2007 | 17196966 |
| pharmacological activation of mglu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors protects retinal neurons against anoxic damage in the goldfish carassius auratus. | we examined the expression of mglu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the retina of the goldfish carassius auratus. mglu2/3 receptors were expressed in all retinal layers internal to the photoreceptor layer, particularly in the outer and inner nuclear layers. although the goldfish brain is able to tolerate prolonged periods of anoxia, we examined whether anoxia could induce retinal damage. three hours of anoxia induced in the retina the development of apoptotic cell death, as assessed 48 h l ... | 2007 | 17196590 |
| evidence that olfactory sensitivities to calcium and sodium are mediated by different mechanisms in the goldfish carassius auratus. | the current study investigated whether the olfactory sensitivity to ca2+ and na+ is mediated by the same mechanism in the goldfish, a freshwater teleost. the olfactory responses, as assessed by recording the electro-encephalogram (eeg) from the olfactory bulb, to changes in external [ca2+] and to [na+] were recorded in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of the other ion. low concentrations of na+ (0-1.0mm) had no significant effects on the olfactory response to changes in [ca2 ... | 2007 | 17196333 |
| regulative mechanism of ce3+ relieves dna damage caused by cd2+ in the kidney of silver crucian carp. | the mechanism of cd2+ on the dna cleavage and ce3+ on the dna repair in the kidney of silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis methods and assaying biochemical indexes. it proves that cd2+ induces the classical laddering degradation of dna in vivo, but dna cleavage is repaired after injecting with a low ce3+ concentration under various cd2+ concentrations. the dna cleavage caused by cd2+ is the result of the activation of deoxyribonuclease (d ... | 2006 | 17194924 |
| comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes. | the histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp (carassius auratus red var.), triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively studied. the result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes, and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level fishes. as for the same type of pituitary cells, the cell size was increased gradually w ... | 2006 | 17172051 |
| pcr survey of hox genes in the goldfish carassius auratus auratus. | a tetraploidization event took place in the cyprinid lineage leading to goldfishes about 15 million years ago. a pcr survey for hox genes in the goldfish carassius auratus auratus (actinopterygii: cyprinidae) was performed to assess the consequences of this genome duplication. not surprisingly, the genomic organization of the hox gene clusters of goldfish is similar to that of the closely related zebrafish (danio rerio). however, the goldfish exhibits a much larger number of recent pseudogenes, ... | 2007 | 17171698 |
| isolation of side population cells from ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney hematopoietic tissues. | side population (sp) cells, characterized by a specific hoechst dye efflux pattern by flow cytometry were isolated from kidney hematopoietic tissues of ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii). the hematopoietic activity of sp cells was evaluated by the repopulation and multilineage potential using an in vivo transplant system of ginbuna carp (donor) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (recipient). in a flow cytometric (fcm) analysis, a small and distinct population of ginbuna sp cells displayed ef ... | 2007 | 17129605 |
| investigation of de novo cholesterol synthetic capacity in the gonads of goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to the phytosterol beta-sitosterol. | total and intra-mitochondrial gonadal cholesterol concentrations are decreased in fish exposed to the phytoestrogen beta-sitosterol (beta-sit). the present study examined the potential for beta-sit to disrupt de novo cholesterol synthesis in the gonads of goldfish exposed to 200 microgram/g beta-sit and 10 microgram/g 17beta-estradiol (e2; estrogenic control) by intra-peritoneal silastic implants for 21 days. the de novo cholesterol synthetic capacity was estimated by incubating gonadal tissue w ... | 2006 | 17118198 |
| triploid origin of the gibel carp as revealed by 5s rdna localization and chromosome painting. | 5s ribosomal dna (rdna) was isolated and sequenced from the gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio with 162 chromosomes and crucian carp carassius auratus with 100 chromosomes, and fluorescent probes for chromosome localization were prepared to ascertain the ploidy origin and evolutionary relationship between the two species. using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish), major 5s rdna signals were localized to the short arms of three subtelocentric chromosomes in the gibel carp and to the short ... | 2006 | 17115331 |
| correlation of c-start behaviors with neural activity recorded from the hindbrain in free-swimming goldfish (carassius auratus). | startle behaviors in teleost fishes are well suited for investigations of mechanisms of sensorimotor integration because the behavior is quantifiable and much of the underlying circuitry has been identified. the teleost c-start is triggered by an action potential in one of the two mauthner (m) cells. to correlate c-start behavior with electrophysiology, extracellular recordings were obtained from the surface of the medulla oblongata in the hindbrain, close to the m-axons, in freely swimming gold ... | 2006 | 17114411 |
| responses to dipole stimuli of anterior lateral line nerve fibres in goldfish, carassius auratus, under still and running water conditions. | we investigated how fibres in the anterior lateral line nerve of goldfish, carassius auratus, respond to sinusoidal water motions in a background of still or running water. two types of fibres were distinguished: type i fibres, which most likely innervate superficial neuromasts, were stimulated by running water (10 cm s(-1)) while type ii fibres, which most likely innervate canal neuromasts, were not stimulated by running water. the responses of type i fibres to sinusoidal water motions were mas ... | 2007 | 17075719 |
| anatomical and functional recovery of the goldfish (carassius auratus) ear following noise exposure. | fishes can regenerate lateral line and inner ear sensory hair cells that have been lost following exposure to ototoxic antibiotics. however, regenerative capabilities following noise exposure have not been explored in fish. moreover, nothing is known about the functional relationship between hair cell damage and hearing loss, or the time course of morphological versus functional recovery in fishes. this study examines the relationship between hair cell damage and physiological changes in auditor ... | 2006 | 17050834 |
| identification of a putative oocyte-specific small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide c in gibel carp. | previous studies have demonstrated that germinal vesicle of amphibian oocyte contains small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide c (snrpc). in this study, a putative member of snrpc was identified from carassius auratus gibelio oocyte cdna library. its full-length cdna has an open reading frame of 201 nt for encoding a peptide of 66 aa, a short 5'-utr of 19 nt and a long 3'-utr of 347 nt including a polyadenylation signal and poly- (a) tail, and the deduced amino acid sequence has 47% identity ... | 2007 | 17049898 |
| investigation of long-term stress induced by several stressors by determination of the concentration of different blood plasma components in a model of prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch, 1783) and common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758). | several compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, hormones, etc.) were used in fish to quantify the level of stress. our investigations focused on two parameters of the blood plasma: plasma glucose and serum/plasma fructosamine (sefa) that has not been tested on fish as yet. experiments were conducted on two fish species. the concentrations of these components were investigated on common carp (cyprinus carpio l., 1758) and on prussian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch, 1783) from the gödöllö-isasz ... | 2006 | 17048694 |
| neuropeptide y mediates ghrelin-induced feeding in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of n-octanoic acid-modified ghrelin stimulates food intake in the goldfish. we examined the involvement of neuropeptide y (npy) in the orexigenic action of ghrelin using a npy y1-receptor antagonist, bibp-3226. food intake induced by icv or ip injection of ghrelin was suppressed by icv preinjection of bibp-3226 for 1 h. we then examined whether ghrelin affects the expression of npy mrna in the goldfish brain using a real-time ... | 2006 | 16979293 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding apc11, a catalytic component of anaphase-promoting-complex (apc/c), from goldfish (carassius auratus), and establishment of in vitro ubiquitinating system. | destruction of cyclin b is required for exit from mitosis and meiosis. a cyclin-degrading system, including anaphase-promoting-complex/cyclosome (apc/c), has been shown to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing, and expression analysis of goldfish (carassius auratus) apc11, which encodes the catalytic component of apc/c from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 348 bp long and encodes 88 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to ... | 2006 | 16971785 |
| the effect of aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, on sgnrha stimulated lh secretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, was applied to common carp and goldfish in order to examine its ability to increase the spontaneous and sgnrha stimulated lh secretion. first, trials in goldfish in 2003 showed fadrozole's moderate ability to potentiate sgnrha-stimulated lh secretion. however, this ability was much weaker than that obtained with dopamine antagonist, pimozide. there was no ovulation in fadrozole-treated fish. several experiments on goldfish and carp during the two consecutive y ... | 2006 | 16967099 |
| swimming performance and energy metabolism of rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp respond differently to sublethal copper exposure. | we compared the effects of sublethal waterborne copper exposure on swimming performance and respiration rates in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, with those in less sensitive cyprinid species such as common carp, cyprinus carpio, and gibel carp, carassius auratus gibelio. these cyprinids are considerably more resistant to cu intoxication, and differ from trout in swimming performance and respiratory behaviour. critical swimming speed (u(crit)), oxygen consumption, plasma ammonia and muscle am ... | 2006 | 16956679 |
| gene expression profiling in the neuroendocrine brain of male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol. | 17-alpha ethinylestradiol (ee2), a pharmaceutical estrogen, is detectable in water systems worldwide. although studies report on the effects of xenoestrogens in tissues such as liver and gonad, few studies to date have investigated the effects of ee2 in the vertebrate brain at a large scale. the purpose of this study was to develop a goldfish brain-enriched cdna array and use this in conjunction with a mixed tissue carp microarray to study the genomic response to ee2 in the brain. gonad-intact m ... | 2006 | 16954407 |
| endocrine and milt responses of male crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) to periovulatory females under field conditions. | laboratory studies in domesticated goldfish (carassius auratus) show that, during the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge, females release a complex steroidal pheromone that induces in males a rapid increase of plasma lh, which in turn increases strippable milt (sperm and seminal fluid) prior to ovulation and spawning. the objective of this study was to determine if the same phenomenon occurs in a wild congener, the crucian carp (carassius carassius), under field conditions where fish ar ... | 2006 | 16934255 |
| surgical removal of retrobulbar hemangioma in a goldfish (carassius auratus). | the surgical removal of retrobulbar hemangioma is described in a mature fantail goldfish (carassius auratus) with a 6-week history of a swollen right eye. the fish was anesthetized using alfaxalnone at a concentration in the water of 5 mg/l to facilitate fine-needle aspiration and surgical removal of the eye. the fish was treated with enrofloxacin 5 mg intraperitoneally and recovered with major buoyancy deficits that corrected 20 minutes after treatment with methadone at a dose of 0.4 mg intramu ... | 2006 | 16931398 |
| ultraviolet influence on catalase activity and mineral content in eyeballs of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | uv radiation present in the environment may induce several eye disorders including inflammation and cataract. the aim of this work was to study catalase activity and mg, cu, ca and zn contents in the eyeballs of gibel carp exposed to ecologically relevant doses of uv radiation (0.09 kj/m2 for uv-a and 0.98 kj/m2 for uv-b) simulated in laboratory conditions. ultraviolet exposure resulted in significant reduction of catalase activity in the eyeballs of tested fish. reductions in mg, cu and ca cont ... | 2006 | 16905179 |
| effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on food intake and locomotor activity in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) on food intake in the goldfish, carassius auratus. cumulative food intake was significantly decreased by icv injection of pacap or vip. similarly, ip administration of pacap or vip induced a significant decrease in food intake. icv injection of pacap or vip also induced a significant decrease ... | 2006 | 16888202 |
| [cloning, expression and antibacterial activity of histone h1 and its n-terminal peptide from carassius auratus]. | in order to determine whether h1 histone proteins are associated with innate immune antimicrobial response in goldfish, we extracted the total rna from the hemocytes of goldfish (carassius auratus), designed 3 pairs of primers based on the previous antimicrobial peptide sequences from fish and performed rt-pcr. among 3 obtained-pcr products, we identified a novel histone h1 coding sequence of 576 bp which belongs to the histone h1 family and is 78% homologous with the amino acid sequence of hist ... | 2006 | 16856400 |
| deficits in acquisition of spatial learning after dorsomedial telencephalon lesions in goldfish. | acquisition of spatial learning is an important function of mammalian hippocampus. in order to identify the brain areas in teleost fish that are homologous to mammalian hippocampus, the present study examined the effects of lesions in the dorsal area of the caudal telencephalon of goldfish (carassius auratus) on the acquisition of spatial learning. an open-field maze that was similar to the dry version of the morris water maze was used. the task consisted of habituation and postoperative trainin ... | 2006 | 16797738 |
| growth rate and body condition in relation to group size in black widow tetras (gymnocorymbus ternetzi) and common goldfish (carassius auratus). | | 2006 | 16772504 |
| the influence of feeding frequency on growth and body condition of the common goldfish (carassius auratus). | | 2006 | 16772472 |
| dietary exposure of mink (mustela vison) to fish from the housatonic river, berkshire county, massachusetts, usa: effects on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence. | the effects of feeding ranch mink (mustela vison) diets containing polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated fish (88 gold fish [carassius auratus] weighing a total of 70.3 kg and 16 carp [cyprinus carpio] weighing a total of 77.3 kg) collected from the housatonic river (hr; berkshire county, ma, usa) in october 1999 on organ weights and histology and hepatic concentrations of total pcbs (sigmapcbs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalence (teq) were evaluated. diets contained ... | 2006 | 16764472 |
| molecular cloning and effect of c-fos mrna on pharmacological stimuli in the goldfish brain. | c-fos is an immediate early gene, and is rapidly and transiently induced in neurons of the central nervous system according to their activities. to investigate neuronal activities in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus), we considered that expression of c-fos mrna would be an available marker for the neuronal activities. therefore, we firstly isolated a cdna clone encoding c-fos from the goldfish brain by rt-pcr and race methods. a full length cdna of the goldfish c-fos was composed of ... | 2006 | 20483256 |
| a bac library for the goldfish carassius auratus auratus (cyprinidae, cypriniformes). | a goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) bacterial artificial chromosome genomic library (bac library) was constructed from one aquarium-bred male specimen (tetraploid, 4n=100, genome size=3.52 pg/cell). the library consists of 128,352 positive clones with an average insert size of 150.4 kb, covering the genome 11-fold. all clones were spotted onto nylon filters and thus are available for screening of genomic regions of interest, such as candidate genes, gene families, or large-sized syntenic dna ... | 2006 | 16708366 |
| interaction mechanism between cd2+ ions and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp. | cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is known to accumulate in freshwater food chains. the underlying mechanism for its genotoxicity has not been investigated for any freshwater fish. it has, however, been suggested that cadmium-induced carcinogenesis might involve either direct or indirect interaction of cd2+ with dna. the interaction between cd2+ and dna from the kidney of the silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) in vitro and in vivo is investigated by spectrophotometri ... | 2006 | 16679546 |
| involvement of histamine receptors in the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus. | this study investigated the involvement of h(1) and h(2) histaminegic receptors on the acquisition of a new task in carassius auratus by using an inhibitory avoidance paradigm in which the animals had to learn to avoid an aversive stimulus. before training, the fish received injections of h(2) antagonist zolantidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg, or h(1) antagonist chlorpheniramine at a dose of 4 or 16 mg/kg. control animals were injected with distilled water. a facilitatory effect of chlorpheniramine w ... | 2006 | 16631292 |
| evidence of different ploidy eggs produced by diploid f2 hybrids of carassius auratus (female) x cyprinus carpio (male). | based on the presence of three types of eggs with different diameters 0.13, 0.17 and 0.2 cm, we made two crosses: f2 (female) x diploid red crucian carp (male), and f2 (female) x f10 tetraploid (male). the ploidy levels of the progeny of the two crosses were examined by chromosome counting and dna content measurement by flow cytometer. in the offspring of the former cross, tetraploids, triploids, and diploid were obtained. in the progeny of the latter cross, tetraploids and triploids were observ ... | 2006 | 16625828 |
| joint anti-estrogenic effects of pcp and tcdd in primary cultures of juvenile goldfish hepatocytes using vitellogenin as a biomarker. | this work evaluated the joint anti-estrogenic effects of pentachlorophenol (pcp) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) against 17beta-estradiol (e2) in juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocyte cultures. the level of vitellogenin (vtg) as a biomarker was determined by exposing hepatocytes to individual e2, pcp and tcdd, as well as to e2 in the presence of pcp, tcdd or their mixtures of various concentrations. pcp and tcdd did not exhibit estrogenicity. both chemicals reduced the ... | 2006 | 16571359 |
| plasticity of respiratory structures--adaptive remodeling of fish gills induced by ambient oxygen and temperature. | while a large surface area combined with short diffusion distances make fish gills well suited for gas exchange, these properties leads to costly water and ion fluxes and exposure to toxic substances and pathogens. thus, gill morphology is likely to be a compromise between opposing demands. it has become clear that some fishes have the ability to modify gill structure in response to environmental parameters such as oxygen levels and temperature. maybe the most dramatic example of gill plasticity ... | 2006 | 16540380 |
| acute and chronic leptin reduces food intake and body weight in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of leptin in food intake and body weight regulation in goldfish. we examined the effects of i.c.v. or i.p. acute leptin administration on food intake in food-deprived goldfish at different time intervals post-injection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). food intake was reduced by i.p. administered leptin (1 microg) at 8 h post-injection, without statistically significant differences after i.c.v. treatment. the present study shows for the fir ... | 2006 | 16522731 |
| relationship between anorexigenic action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and that of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | our recent research has indicated that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) suppresses food intake and locomotor activity in the goldfish. however, the anorexigenic mechanism of pacap has not yet been clarified. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the anorexigenic action of pacap and that of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), which is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis as a powerful ... | 2006 | 16519959 |
| demonstration of hematopoietic stem cells in ginbuna carp (carassius auratus langsdorfii) kidney. | a model system of ginbuna carp (clonal triploid fish, carassius auratus langsdorfii) and ginbuna-goldfish hybrids (tetraploid fish, having three sets of chromosomes from a triploid clone and a haploid set of chromosomes from goldfish) was employed to demonstrate the presence of hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) in kidney hematopoietic tissues. kidney hematopoietic cells were obtained from ginbuna carp (s3n, donor) and injected into a ginbuna-gold fish hybrid (s4n, recipient) via the caudal sinus. ... | 2006 | 16519942 |
| inhibitory effects of four carbamate insecticides on acetylcholinesterase of male and female carassius auratus in vitro. | the inhibitory effects of four carbamate insecticides, methomyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran and carbosulfan, on acetylcholinesterase of male and female carassius auratus were investigated in the laboratory. kinetic constants, biomolecular rate constant (k(i)), carbamylation rate constant (k2) and decarbamylation rate constant (k3) were determined in vitro. the ratios of bimolecular rate constant (female/male) for ache reacting with methomyl, thiodicarb, carbofuran and carbosulfan were 1.03, 2.44, 1. ... | 2006 | 16461013 |
| tolerance and withdrawal in goldfish exposed to ethanol. | acute ethanol exposure decreases regulated body temperature. tolerance and dependence develop with continued exposure. removal of ethanol following chronic exposure produces withdrawal. there is little information on the time course for the development of tolerance and disagreement about the presence of a rebound effect on body temperature during withdrawal. for tolerance, we monitored the selected temperature [t(sel)] of goldfish [carassius auratus] for 8 h while they were exposed to one of thr ... | 2006 | 16448677 |
| temperature increase results in oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. 2. antioxidant and associated enzymes. | activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), and glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) were measured in four tissues of goldfish, carassius auratus l., over 1-12 h of high temperature (35 degrees c) exposure followed by 4 or 24 h of lower temperature (21 degrees c) recovery. sod activity was strongly affected by heat shock, increasing 4-fold in brain, liver, and kidney, but was mainly reversed at ... | 2006 | 16426898 |
| temperature increase results in oxidative stress in goldfish tissues. 1. indices of oxidative stress. | levels of lipid peroxides (looh), thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (tbars), protein carbonyls and low- and high-molecular weight thiols were measured in brain, liver, kidney, and white muscle of goldfish, carassius auratus l., over 1-12 h of high temperature (35 degrees c) exposure followed by 4 or 24 h of lower (21 degrees c) temperature recovery. looh and tbars contents increased during heat shock exposure with a maximal rise of 20-fold for liver tbars, but both mainly reversed at recov ... | 2006 | 16423562 |
| influence of long-term exposure to dietary cadmium on growth, maturation and reproduction of goldfish (subspecies: prussian carp carassius auratus gibelio b.). | the influence of long-term exposure of goldfish to dietary cadmium (cd) on its accumulation in tissues, growth, ovarian development, luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion and a response to hormonal stimulation of spawning were evaluated. the study was conducted on four groups of females for the period of 3 years, from the age of 10 weeks to second spawning. four doses of cd were applied in the feed: 0 (control group), 0.1, 1 and 10 mg cd g(-1) of feed (wet weight). the highest dose of cd (10 mg g(- ... | 2006 | 16406109 |
| heavy metal accumulation and tissue damage in goldfish carassius auratus. | | 2005 | 16402311 |
| neural responses of goldfish lateral line afferents to vortex motions. | the lateral line system of fish is sensitive to weak water motions. we recorded from posterior lateral line nerve afferents while stimulating goldfish, carassius auratus, with unidirectional water flow and with a vortex ring. posterior lateral line afferents of goldfish were either flow sensitive or flow insensitive. both types of afferents responded to a vortex ring that passed the fish laterally with one to three reproducible patterns of neural activity, followed by activity patterns that were ... | 2006 | 16391355 |
| different ways of encoding geometric information by goldfish (carassius auratus). | on the basis of results of a probe trial in 2 different experiments, k. cheng (2005) has proposed a common mechanism for orientation in fish trained in both a map-like or relational procedure and a directly cued procedure. however, k. cheng's model is inconsistent with previous results of goldfish (carassius auratus) trained in these 2 tasks. given that k. cheng's proposal assumes that fish choose the goal by using a matching strategy in which they try to match as many properties as possible, in ... | 2005 | 16366780 |
| goldfish (carassius auratus) matching geometric and featural cues: a reinterpretation of some of the data of vargas, lópez, salas, and thinus-blanc (2004). | vargas, lópez, salas, and thinus-blanc showed that goldfish (carassius auratus) can use both geometric and featural cues in relocating a target corner in a rectangular enclosure. when featural cues (arrangement of striped walls) were put in conflict with geometric cues, results differed according to target location during training. vargas, lópez, et al. explained the results of their cue conflict in terms of 2 different strategies: mapping and cue guidance. i provide an alternative, more parsimo ... | 2005 | 16366779 |
| coding of lateral line stimuli in the goldfish midbrain in still and running water. | we investigated in goldfish, carassius auratus, how running water affects the responses of toral lateral line units to a stationary vibrating sphere or to a non-vibrating sphere that moves along the side of the fish. experiments were conducted in the presence of running water (hydrodynamic noise) to further explore the sensory capabilities of the lateral line with special focus on the morphological sub-modalities. previous recordings from lateral line nerve fibres in various fish species and the ... | 2004 | 16351934 |
| response properties of diencephalic neurons to visual, acoustic and hydrodynamic stimulation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | we studied the responses to sensory stimulation of three diencephalic areas, the central posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus, the anterior tuberal nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the preglomerular complex. units sensitive to acoustic (500 hz tone burst), hydrodynamic (25 hz dipole stimulus) and visual (640 nm light flash) stimuli were found in both the central posterior and anterior tuberal nucleus. in contrast, unit responses or large robust evoked potentials confined to the preglomerular ... | 2002 | 16351857 |
| brainstem lateral line responses to sinusoidal wave stimuli in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | extracellular recordings were made from single lateral line units in the medial octavolateralis nucleus in the brainstem of goldfish, carassius auratus. units were defined as receiving lateral line input if they responded to the water motions generated by a stationary, sinusoidally oscillating sphere and/or a moving sphere but not to airborne sound and vibrations. units which responded to airborne sound or vibrations were assumed to receive input from the inner ear and were not further investiga ... | 2001 | 16351828 |
| stimulatory effect of n-octanoylated ghrelin on locomotor activity in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | ghrelin is implicated in growth and feeding regulation in fish. the influence of ghrelin on behavior has not been well studied and the physiological role of des-fatty acid modification of this peptide is unclear. therefore, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of synthetic n-octanoylated (acyl) goldfish ghrelin and des-n-octanoylated (des-acyl) ghrelin on locomotor and orexigenic activity in the goldfish were examined. icv administration of acyl gh ... | 2006 | 16297501 |
| effects of amylin on feeding of goldfish: interactions with cck. | in mammals, amylin (amy) is a peptide that is secreted from the pancreas in response to a meal. amy inhibits food intake and may also contribute to the anorectic effects of the brain-gut peptide cholecystokinin (cck). in this study, we assessed the role of amy in the regulation of food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus) and its interactions with cck. fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with mammalian amy and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with mammalian amy, alone or in combinati ... | 2006 | 16239037 |
| sex steroid regulation of brain glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) mrna is season-dependent and sexually dimorphic in the goldfish carassius auratus. | gaba, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate brain, has been shown to play an important role in vertebrate reproduction by regulating lh release and sexual behavior. we have studied the expression of the gaba-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad), in goldfish throughout the reproductive cycle in may (mature), november (early gonadal recrudescence) and february (late gonadal recrudescence) and in response to implanted sex steroids. levels of gad67 and gad65 mrna ... | 2005 | 16226340 |
| cloning and characterization of a pac1 receptor hop-1 splice variant in goldfish (carassius auratus). | in several vertebrates, it has been demonstrated that alternative splicing of pac1 receptor (pac1-r) transcripts can generate a number of functional receptor variants which utilize different signal transduction pathways to mediate their activities. as pacap is a physiological growth hormone-releasing factor in fish, and pacap and the pac1-r are highly conserved in vertebrate evolution, it would be of interest to investigate the structure and cellular distribution, particularly in the pituitary, ... | 2006 | 16225877 |
| electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of in vivo free radical formation and oxidative stress induced by 2,4-dichlorophenol in the freshwater fish carassius auratus. | in the present study, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled with spin-trapping technique was used, with alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (pbn) as a spin-trapping agent, to investigate free radical generation in freshwater fish with acute 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) poisoning. the pbn-radical adducts were detected in fish liver samples following treatments of 2,4-dcp (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 25 mg/kg) 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 2,4-dcp (0.5 mg/kg) at 2, 4, 8, 24, or 72 h a ... | 2005 | 16193740 |
| the formation of primordial germ cells from germline cells in spherical embryos derived from the blastodisc of 2-cell embryos in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the property of primordial germ cells (pgcs) in fragmented goldfish embryos was investigated. when 1- and 2- cell embryos were cut at several perpendicular levels at the animal-vegetal axis, cells expressing vas mrna were observed in the resultant embryos derived from all kinds of animal fragments. blastodisc fragments from the 1- to 2-cell stage developed to spherical embryos containing yolk body with a yolk syncytial layer (ysl). germ ring and no tail expression were not observed in the spheri ... | 2005 | 16172980 |
| impact of copper and its edta complex on the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system in freshwater fish (carassius auratus). | | 2005 | 16158849 |
| direction selectivity in the goldfish tectum revisited. | responses of direction-selective (ds) ganglion cells (gcs) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the superficial layer of the tectum opticum (to) of immobilized goldfish, carassius auratus gibelio (bloch). directional tuning curves were measured with contrast edges moving in 12 or more different directions across the receptive field (rf). all directional tuning curves had cardioid-like appearance, their acceptance angles amounted to somewhat more than 180 degrees . according ... | 2005 | 16154933 |
| mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (carassius auratus) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | nociceptive responses to a repetitive pin-prod stimulus in goldfish and trout were assessed. single unit recordings were taken from the spinal cord, cerebellum, tectum, and telencephalon. neuronal responses were elicited in all these regions of the central nervous system in both species of fish during brush (mechanoceptive) and pin-prod (nociceptive) stimuli. in addition, in trout, a heated prod stimulus was used. mechanoreceptive and nociceptive neuronal responses to various stimuli were elicit ... | 2005 | 16139775 |
| the endocannabinoid system in the brain of carassius auratus and its possible role in the control of food intake. | cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol have been suggested to regulate food intake in several animal phyla. orthologs of the mammalian cannabinoid cb(1) and cb(2) receptors have been identified in fish. we investigated the presence of this endocannabinoid system in the brain of the goldfish carassius auratus and its role in food consumption. cb(1)-like immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the goldfish brain. the prosencephalon showed strong cb ... | 2005 | 16135090 |
| [free radical generation and lipid peroxidation induced by 2,4-dichlorophenol in liver of carassius auratus]. | free radical generation in liver of larval fish (carassius auratus) after 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) injected intraperitoneally 24 h was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spin trapping technique and alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone (pbn) as spin trap reagent. the results show that there is a significant increase of free radical generation in the liver of the fish treated with 2,4-dcp (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 25 mg/kg) compared with that of the control (p<0.05). the free radical g ... | 2005 | 16124465 |
| [mitochondrial dna variation in diploid and triploid forms of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio]. | variation of two mtdna fragments amplified in polymerase chain reaction was compared by the rflp method in a population of the sympatric bisexual (diploid) and gynogenetic (triploid) forms of silver crucian carp. the mtdna haplotypes of all individuals differed in at least 2.5% of nucleotide substitutions and fall into two phylogroups. all gynogenetic individuals have haplotypes of a single phylogroup, whereas haplotypes of diploid fish belonged to both mtdna phylogroups. this testifies to a pos ... | 2005 | 16080606 |
| electron paramagnetic resonance evidence of hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative damage induced by tetrabromobisphenol a in carassius auratus. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (bfrs). to confirm its putative oxidative stress-inducing activity, freshwater fish carassius auratus were injected intraperitoneally with tbbpa. one experiment lasted 3h to 28 days after a single injection of 100mg/kg tbbpa, and the other lasted 24h after a single injection of 0-300 mg/kg tbbpa. reactive oxygen species (ros) were trapped by phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (pbn) and detected by electron paramagnet ... | 2005 | 16054708 |
| catalase inhibition by amino triazole induces oxidative stress in goldfish brain. | the effects of in vivo inhibition of catalase by 3-amino 1,2,4-triazole (amt) on the levels of damage products resulting from reactive oxygen species attack on proteins and lipids as well as on the activities of five antioxidant and associated enzymes were studied in the brain of goldfish, carassius auratus. intraperitoneal injection of amt at a concentration of 0.1 mg/g wet weight caused a gradual decrease in brain catalase activity over 72 h, whereas higher amt concentrations (0.5 or 1.0 mg/g) ... | 2005 | 16023088 |
| expression pattern and developmental behaviour of cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (cnbp) during folliculogenesis and oogenesis in fish. | in vertebrates, folliculogeneis establishes an intricate system for somatic cell-oocyte interaction, and ultimately leads to the acquisition of their respective competences. although the formation process and corresponding interactions are strikingly similar in diverse organisms, knowledge of genes and signaling pathways involved in follicle formation is very incomplete and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic. cnbp has been identified for more than ten years, and the highest lev ... | 2005 | 16002243 |
| cardioprotective effects of k atp channel activation during hypoxia in goldfish carassius auratus. | the activation of atp-sensitive potassium (k atp) ion channels in the heart is thought to exert a cardioprotective effect under low oxygen conditions, possibly enhancing tolerance of environmental hypoxia in aquatic vertebrates. the purpose of this study was to examine the possibility that hypoxia-induced activation of cardiac k atp channels, whether in the sarcolemma (sarck atp) or mitochondria (mitok atp), enhances viability in cardiac muscle cells from a species highly tolerant of low oxygen ... | 2005 | 16000545 |
| using the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on in vivo fish fin cells. | this study was aimed at developing the nucleolar biomarker and the micronucleus test on in vivo fish fin cells for assessing water cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. both biomarkers can be used either jointly or separately on fins of the same fish during the experiment. for studying the nucleolar characteristics, small pieces of the fin edge were cut several times during 30-180 min of fish exposure. for micronucleus testing, the fin tissue regenerating after its cutting was investigated after 2-5 da ... | 2005 | 15978290 |
| a novel soluble form of the csf-1 receptor inhibits proliferation of self-renewing macrophages of goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | macrophage colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) is the principal regulator of the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of macrophages and their precursors. csf-1 activity is tightly controlled through mechanisms regulating gene expression of csf-1 and its membrane-bound receptor (csf-1r), as well as by receptor-mediated endocytosis, metabolic processing, and inhibition of downstream signaling. herein we describe a novel mechanism for control of csf-1 activity. spontaneously growing goldfish ... | 2005 | 15978283 |
| differential distribution of hypocretin (orexin) and melanin-concentrating hormone in the goldfish brain. | the orexigenic peptides hypocretin (orexin) and melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) are involved in the control of food intake and in other homeostatic functions including sleep and arousal. in this article we study the distribution of these peptides in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus), focusing on those regions particularly related to feeding, sleep, and arousal. although the general distribution of these peptides in goldfish shows many similarities to those described previously in ... | 2005 | 15973685 |
| gill and liver histopathological changes in yellow perch (perca flavescens) and goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to oil sands process-affected water. | the extraction of bitumen from the athabasca oil sands (alberta, canada) produces significant volumes of process-affected water containing elevated levels of naphthenic acids (nas), ions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the sublethal response of aquatic organisms exposed to oil sands constituents in experimental aquatic environments that represent possible reclamation options has been studied. in this study, the effects of process-affected waters on gill and liver tissues in yellow ... | 2006 | 15964628 |
| distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from major rivers in korea. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) levels in crucian carp were determined at 20 locations along four major river systems, several small-scale rivers and a wetland in korea. twenty-eight congeners, ranging from tri- to hepta-cbs were detected. a gas chromatograph with a mass selective detector was used to quantify the individual pcb congeners. the objectives of this study were to investigate the levels of contamination of pcbs in freshwater fish and to observe the pattern of their distribution. the ... | 2006 | 15964051 |
| [screen of differentially expressed genes between gastrula embryos and tail bud embryos in gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio)]. | suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna plasmid libraries were constructed between gastrula embryos and tail bud embryos in gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). 739 and 816 pcr positive clones were respectively selected to perform dot blot, and 72 dot blot positive clones and 98 dot blot positive clones were obtained from the ssh plasmid libraries specific for gastrula embryos and tail bud embryos. sequencing analysis and database searches indicated that there were 19 kno ... | 2005 | 15931786 |
| modulation of vitellogenin synthesis through estrogen receptor beta-1 in goldfish (carassius auratus) juveniles exposed to 17-beta estradiol and nonylphenol. | many synthetic chemicals, termed xenoestrogens, have been shown to interact as agonists with the estrogen receptor (er) to elicit biological responses similar to those of natural hormones. to date, the regulation of vitellogenesis in oviparous vertebrates has been widely used for evaluation of estrogenic effects. therefore, carassius auratus juveniles were chosen as a fish model for studying the effects of estradiol-17beta and different concentrations (10(-6) and 10(-7) m) of 4-nonylphenol (4-np ... | 2005 | 15921715 |
| the effects of spatial food distribution and group size on foraging behaviour in a benthic fish. | animals foraging in heterogeneous environments benefit from information on local resource density because it allows allocation of foraging effort to rich patches. in foraging groups, this information may be obtained by individuals through sampling or by observing the foraging behaviour of group members. we studied the foraging behaviour of goldfish (carassius auratus) groups feeding in pools on resources distributed in patches. first, we determined if goldfish use sampling information to disting ... | 2005 | 15908140 |