| a new cell culture method (the lateral diffusion system) suitable for the induction of antibody-forming cells in vitro. | the lateral diffusion system (lds) is a new cell culture method suitable for the in vitro induction of antibody-forming cells, based upon the diffusion of nutrients and other molecules between two contiguous compartments separated by a vertical microporous membrane. we compared an lds cell culture plate with two commercially available diffusion culture units, the marbrook chamber (c.a. hendley ltd.) and the millicell-ha cell culture unit (millipore corporation), in terms of ability to support sp ... | 1993 | 8445243 |
| diarrhea in helminthic infections. | enteric helminths are among the most prevalent parasites of humankind, yet only scanty information exists about their effects on the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts. specifically, there is little agreement on which worms definitely cause diarrhea. the available evidence suggests that five helminthic parasites are associated with human diarrheal disease: trichinella spiralis (early phases of infection), trichuris trichiura, strongyloides stercoralis, capillaria philippinensis, and schistoso ... | 1993 | 8452963 |
| trichinella spiralis: the effect of oral immunization and the adjuvancy of cholera toxin on the mucosal and systemic immune response of mice. | the effect of oral immunization and the adjuvancy of cholera toxin (ct) were examined in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. the mean of total muscle larvae was reduced by 36% in mice infected with trichinella larvae in combination with ct. in mice fed soluble, particulate, or soluble/particulate antigens in combination with ct on days 0, 14, and 21, and challenged with trichinella larvae on day 28, there was a significant reduction in adult worm fecundity (50%), worm size (20-30%), and the ... | 1993 | 8454027 |
| anthelmintic activity of pyrazinothiadiazine dioxide derivatives. | in a search for new anthelmintic compounds, some pyrazinothiadiazine dioxide derivatives were synthesized. their anthelmintic activity was tested against larva and preadult stages of trichinella spiralis. the mode of action and acute toxicity of these compounds were investigated. structure-activity relationships are discussed. | 1993 | 8457240 |
| detection of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | elisa was applied to the detection of trichinella spiralis larvae in infected rat muscles. anti-muscle larva serum was prepared by inoculating crude extract of muscle larvae to rabbits. limb muscles of infected rats were emulsified with carbonate buffer and the supernatant was used for elisa. elisa values of positive muscular samples were clearly higher than those of negative ones to prove that elisa can be applied to the detection of muscle larvae. the present method showed positive values to m ... | 1993 | 8461404 |
| on the specificity of altered muscle function in experimental colitis in rats. | studies on muscle contraction in colitis yield conflicting data that may reflect differences in the manner in which colitis is induced. therefore, we compared distal colonic longitudinal muscle contraction in four models of colitis in the rat. | 1993 | 8462793 |
| requirements for the induction of cross-reactive anti-trichinella ige antibodies in mice. | mice primed with trichinella spiralis or t. pseudospiralis and reinfected with either the homologous or the heterologous species produced high levels of ige antibodies that cross-reacted with the non-inducing strain in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assays. cross-reactive antibodies were not induced by primary infection. cross-reactivity persisted for more than 6 months following secondary infection or destruction of encysted larvae with mebendazole. both the prevention of larvi-position by thiab ... | 1993 | 8469671 |
| trichinella spiralis--characterization of circulating and immune-complex-associated antigens. | | 1993 | 8469676 |
| downregulation of neutral endopeptidase (ec 3.4.24.11) in the inflamed rat intestine. | intestinal inflammation induced by the nematode trichinella spiralis is accompanied by increased intestinal concentrations of substance p, a mediator of inflammation and a stimulant of smooth muscle contraction, and by intestinal hypermotility. the expression of neutral endopeptidase (nep), a cell surface enzyme that degrades substance p in the extracellular fluid, was examined in the inflamed intestine. nep enzymatic activity, measured by a fluorometric assay, was reduced by 84-fold in jejunal ... | 1993 | 8476057 |
| comparison of human trichinellosis caused by trichinella spiralis and by trichinella britovi. | the first documented report of an outbreak of human trichinellosis caused by trichinella spiralis in italy is described. two family groups were involved. the source was wild boar meat products. the principal clinical features were fever (60%), myalgia (50%), and diarrhea (40%). the most useful laboratory indicators were eosinophilia (100%), elevated levels of creatine phosphokinase (cpk) (90%) and other muscle enzymes, parasite-specific igg titers (100%), and anti-newborn larvae antibodies (30%) ... | 1993 | 8480866 |
| studies on t. spiralis and t pseudospiralis larvae recovered from mice immunized with heterologous trichinella antigen. | in this study, s3 antigen of t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis was given to the heterologous infection in albino mice. the recovered larvae were studied as regards: their number, length and steroscan examination. it was found that vaccination of mice with t. spiralis (s3) antigen induced reduction in t. pseudospiralis larval count by 66.43% and significant reduction in length. using t. pseudospiralis (s3) antigen reduction of 74.77% in t. spiralis larval count was detected as well as significant ... | 1993 | 8482862 |
| studies on tissue cholinesterase in experimental trichinosis in albino rat. 2 effects of treatment with mintezol and 5-fluorouracil-endoxan. | the changes in cholinesterase (che) activity was studied in different tissues of normal and 60 days t. spiralis infected albino rats following treatment with mintezol (5 mg/rat/day, for 5 days) and 5-fluorouracil-endoxan (500 mg/rat/day--100 mg/rat/day, for 5 days). in normal rats, administration of either mintezol or 5-fluorouracil-endoxan provoked a general decrease in the che activity of the various rat tissues. treatment of 60 days t. spiralis infected rats with mintezol increased markedly t ... | 1993 | 8482867 |
| studies on tissue cholinesterase in experimental trichinosis in albino rat. 1. effect of t. spiralis infection. | adult male albino rats were orally infected with trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) larvae (400 larvae/rat). the cholinesterase (che) activity was then determined in the serum, brain, spinal cord, liver, stomach, intestine, heart, diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscle of the infected rats at different time intervals (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days) after infection. the enzyme activity was inhibited at all the time intervals in the brain, liver, heart and diaphragm while it increased progressively in th ... | 1993 | 8482886 |
| trichinella spiralis infected skeletal muscle cells arrest in g2/m and cease muscle gene expression. | infection by trichinella spiralis causes a variety of changes in skeletal muscle cells including the hypertrophy of nuclei and decreased expression of muscle specific proteins. potential cellular processes leading to these changes were investigated. in synchronized muscle infections, [3h]thymidine was incorporated into infected cell nuclei from 2-5 days post infection. labeled nuclei were stably integrated into the infected cell up to 60 days post infection and appear to originate from different ... | 1993 | 8491772 |
| human recombinant interleukin 1 beta suppresses acetylcholine release from rat myenteric plexus. | a marked suppression of acetylcholine (ach) release from myenteric nerves in the inflamed intestine of rats infected by trichinella spiralis has been shown. in this model, there is increased expression of interleukin 1 beta (il-1 beta) in the myenteric plexus. therefore, the ability of il-1 beta to alter ach release in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (lmmp) preparations from noninfected rats was examined. | 1993 | 8500722 |
| biochemical, biological, and genetic characterization of a sylvatic isolate of trichinella. | biological, biochemical, and genetic relationships of trichinella isolates were assessed and compared from 3 species of illinois fur-bearing mammals. tongue muscle collected from 1987 through 1989 from 323 raccoons (procyon lotor), 9 red fox (vulpes fulva), and 1 coyote (canis latrans) were digested and trichinella muscle larval prevalences and mean intensities (larvae/g) determined. the prevalence and mean intensity of tongue muscle-stage larvae were 2.8% and 44.4% and 326 and 2 larvae/g for ra ... | 1993 | 8501590 |
| arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction of individual trichinella specimens. | recently, 5 sibling species and 3 other phenotypes were identified in the genus trichinella. single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used to produce random amplified polymorphic dna starting from decreasing amounts of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi dna. reproducible amplification products from 30 pg of dna were obtained using 1 of 6 examined primers. these fragments distinguish between 2 european trichinella species, t. spiralis, showing a 1,350-bp band, and t. britovi ... | 1993 | 8501603 |
| a morphological study of the effects of liposomized albendazole on the muscle phase of trichinella spiralis in mice. | the pathomorphological effects of daily and weekly doses of liposomized albendazole on trichinella spiralis larvae have been examined and compared during the course of muscle infections in mice. treatment with three and six daily doses of the drug given by intraperitoneal injection to mice resulted in marked pathological alterations to encapsulated larvae, mainly in the walls of the capsules. there was a 5% efficacy against t. spiralis in mice given three daily doses of albendazole, and 38% effi ... | 1993 | 8509615 |
| trichinosis with ventilatory failure and persistent myocarditis. | life-threatening infections with trichinella spiralis are rare in countries that have adopted laws requiring cooking of raw garbage fed to pigs. thus such infections may pose a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians unfamiliar with their presentation. we report a case of imported trichinosis in a mexican national who developed respiratory failure, myocarditis, and sinus arrest. the patient recovered uneventfully after the administration of benzimidazole and corticosteroid drugs, although a pacemaker ... | 1993 | 8513055 |
| trichinella spiralis: the effect of specific antibody on muscle larvae in the small intestines of weaned rats. | weaned rats were passively immunized with rat igg2c monoclonal antibodies previously shown to protect infant rats against challenge with trichinella spiralis. although the antibodies did not protect rats against infection, the course of larval establishment in the intestine was altered in a way that has not been described previously. specifically, larvae that invaded the epithelium were inhibited from migrating from intestinal tissue into saline during the standard recovery procedure. the inhibi ... | 1993 | 8513877 |
| the mucosal and systemic response to phosphorylcholine in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | the presence of phosphorylcholine (pc) in trichinella was confirmed by elisa and western blot experiments with the pc-specific myeloma tepc-15. anti-pc antibody production was detected in elisa by cross-reaction with the pc-positive somatic polysaccharide of aspergillus and the synthetic conjugate phosphorylcholine-bovine serum albumin conjugate and by inhibition with phosphorylcholine chloride (pccl). the kinetics of the serum and mucosal anti-pc immunoglobulin response were determined followin ... | 1993 | 8513878 |
| ultrastructural study of trichinella spiralis with emphasis on adult female reproductive organs. | the ultrastructure of the reproductive organs of adult female t. spiralis was described on the basis of extensive observation under an electron microscope. the organisms were recovered from the host intestine 7 days after oral infection. the organs consisted of a single ovary, seminal receptacle, uterus and vagina, confirming the reports described by previous authors at light microscopical level. all the organs were surrounded by a basal lamina and epithelial cells, and were bathed in haemolymph ... | 1995 | 8522769 |
| anti-nematode activity of sixteen compounds against trichinella spiralis in mice--a possible new screen for macrofilaricides. | there are few small animals models for filariasis, even more so for onchocerciasis. therefore it is difficult to test under drug screening conditions large numbers of potentially macrofilaricidal compounds. one way around this difficulty is to use mice infected with trichinella spiralis which by reason of anatomical location in the host would show some correlation in antinematode activity between the test and target organisms. this study investigated the activity of 16 compounds against the imma ... | 1995 | 8525399 |
| detection of circulating trichinella spiralis muscle larva antigens in serum samples of experimentally and naturally infected swine. | a follow up study was carried out to determine the kinetics of appearance of surface/stichosomal (s/s) components, recently included in the tsl-1 group of trichinella spiralis muscle larva (ml), in serum samples from 13 experimentally infected pigs. detection of circulating antigens in these animals was done by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using t. spiralis specific rabbit polyclonal immunoglobulins to capture free antigens and monoclonal antibody nim-m1 to recognize s/s ... | 1995 | 8533271 |
| a role for second messengers in the control of activation-associated modification of the surface of trichinella spiralis infective larvae. | the involvement of second messengers in the control of activation-induced changes to the surface of trichinella spiralis infective larvae was investigated using membrane-permeant photo-activatable 'caged' compounds to alter intracellular levels of inositol trisphosphate (ip3), calcium ions (ca2+) and cyclic amp (camp). activation of larvae by incubation in culture medium containing trypsin and bile was followed by the loss of the surface coat labelled with the fluorescent pkh26 lipid probe and t ... | 1995 | 8538685 |
| molecular cloning and expression of an immunodominant 53-kda excretory-secretory antigen from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | | 1995 | 8538697 |
| oral and parenteral vaccination against trichinella spiralis infections in high- and low-responder mice. | vaccination by different routes and with different adjuvants is known to influence profiles of immune responses and may be used to overcome genetically determined low-responsiveness to infection. a mouse model of infection with the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis was used to investigate the effect of mode of vaccination upon immune responsiveness and worm expulsion phenotype in high- (nih) and low- (c57 bl/10) responder strains of mice. muscle larval homogenate antigen was given subcuta ... | 1995 | 8550299 |
| [characteristics and recent trends in endemicity of human parasitic diseases in china]. | an analysis of the nationwide survey of the distribution of human parasites in the light of the literature previously published, two major trends in the endemicity of parasitic diseases in china was observed. for one trend, the infection rate of e. histolytica, fasciolopsis buski and soil-transmitted helminthasis etc. declined markedly. the second trend was that the prevalence of food-transmitted parasitic diseases (trichinella spiralis, clonorchis sinensis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis) and hy ... | 1995 | 8556800 |
| concurrent infection with sibling trichinella species in a natural host. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of individual trichinella muscle larvae, collected from several sylvatic and domestic animals in estonia, revealed concurrent infection of a racoon dog with trichinella nativa and trichinella britovi. this finding provides strong support for their taxonomic ranking as sibling species. these 2 species appear uniformly distributed among sylvatic animals through estonia, while trichinella spiralis appears restricted to the domestic habitat. | 1995 | 8557472 |
| high levels of protection induced by a 40-mer synthetic peptide vaccine against the intestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. | parenteral vaccination, using a 40-mer synthetic peptide from a 43,000 mw immunodominant glycoprotein secreted by the intestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis, induced high levels of protection against a subsequent challenge infection in mice. the expulsion of adult worms from the gut was accelerated following vaccination with peptide 40-80, but peptides 81-120 and 121-160 were not protective. mesenteric lymph node cells taken from t. spiralis-infected mice showed some proliferation in ... | 1995 | 8567011 |
| ultrastructural colocalization of phosphorylcholine and a phosphorylcholine-associated epitope in first-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis. | although the presence of phosphorylcholine (pc) in trichinella is well established, the structures of the tsl-4 antigens that bear this epitope are unknown. a subset of tsl-4 antigens (tsl-8 antigens) has been reported to be absent from the surface of first-stage t. spiralis larvae. we report experiments with a monoclonal antibody (mab us2) developed in mice with a relative inability to produce antibodies to pc. in immunoblotting, mab us2 and anti-pc mab (bh8) showed apparently identical binding ... | 1995 | 8570578 |
| eu experimental study on wild boar trichinellosis. | from january 1994 onwards the council directive 92/45 eec concerning the examination of wild game meat for trichinellosis is valid. laboratory methods required are identical to those used for the examination of pork. in an international experiment the suitability of these methods to control wild boar meat was tested. required meat parts of experimentally with t. spiralis infected wild boars were shipped to seven laboratories in europe under code. it was concluded that trichinoscopy and pool samp ... | 1996 | 8574243 |
| the mycobacterial component of complete freund's adjuvant induces expulsion of the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis in mice. | expulsion of t. spiralis adult worms was accelerated in high-responder nih mice vaccinated previously with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) emulsified in pbs, whereas the expulsion of this parasite from low-responder c57 bl/10 mice was unaffected. incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) did not induce protection and it was concluded that the mycobacterial component, present in cfa but absent from ifa, was responsible for inducing these non-specific protective effects. cfa did not induce t. spiralis-s ... | 1996 | 8574244 |
| molecular analysis of antigens targeted by protective antibodies in rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis [mol. biochem. parasitol. 65 (1994) 201]. | | 1995 | 8577344 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of genomic dna of 5 strains of trichinella spiralis in china. | five restriction endonucleases were used to digest genomic dna from 5 isolates of trichinella spiralis obtained from changchun, tianjin, xian, henan and yunnan. all the isolates were secured from pigs except the changchun strain which came from dog. the dna fragments digested by endonuclease were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. the changchun isolate had a ecori band at 1.12kb and a drai band at 1.97kb which were unique to this isolate. a cloned specific repetitive dna sequence (1.12kb) ... | 1995 | 8580480 |
| four outbreaks of human trichinellosis in henan province. | four outbreaks of human trichinellosis caused by eating pork together had occurred successively in two rural areas and two cities of henan province, where the disease is endemic. of the 110 persons involved, 54 had the onset. all of them had the history of eating pork. in the outbreak of dengzhou, in those persons who dined together, men were all uninfected and 13 women were infected. the difference found between sexes was suggested to be related with spirit drinking. in these 54 patients, the l ... | 1995 | 8585984 |
| heat shock response of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis. | heat shock proteins (hsps) were documented for the first time in both somatic extracts and excretory/secretory (es) products of the infective-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis. larvae recovered from muscles of infected mice were heat shocked at 37, 40, 43 and 45 degrees c in rpmi 1640 medium containing l(-)[35s]methionine. somatic extracts and es products of heat-shocked worms were then analysed by sds-page, autoradiography and laser densitometry. prominent bands of hsps ... | 1996 | 8587806 |
| [the efficiency of the serological reactions with trichinella spiralis somatic antigen in the diagnosis of human trichinelliasis caused by infection with natural and synanthropic trichinella isolates]. | the efficiency of serological tests (enzyme immuno-assay (eia) and indirect hemagglutination test (ihat)) using the antigen t.spiralis was examined on 318 sera from trichinosis patients infected via pork meat and on 112 sera from those infected via wild animal meat. this was estimated at 85.6 and 84.8% with eia and 93.0 and 85.7% with ihat in the two groups, respectively. to enhance the efficiency of serological diagnosis of trichinosis, it is recommended that eia and ihat should be used concurr ... | 1995 | 8596508 |
| experimental trichinellosis in goats. | the susceptibility and distribution of trichinella spiralis infection in goats were examined in ten autochthonous kids, 2 months old and about 10 kg body weight. the animals were divided into two groups: one experimental group with eight animals, infected with 10,000 t. spiralis 't1' encysted larvae and a control group with two non-infected animals. all the animals of the experimental group infected by the parasite showed that trichinella larvae have a special affinity for the tongue, masseters, ... | 1996 | 8638385 |
| nutritional support for adaptation to radiation-induced suppression of mucosal immunity in the intestine of the rat. | appropriate enteral nutrition provided immediately after injury or trauma to the gastrointestinal tract may limit or reverse damage to the mucosal barrier. in this regard, diets containing amino acids, such as arginine and glutamine, or fish oil have been identified as beneficial. this report assesses the role of amino acids as "essential nutrients" in the repair of intestinal mucosa damaged by gamma radiation. rats were used experimentally to test the hypothesis that the recovery of the immune ... | 1996 | 8643836 |
| structural organisation and lipid composition of the epicuticular accessory layer of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis. | the epicuticle of infective larvae of trichinella spiralis represents the interface between this intracellular nematode parasite and the cytosol of mammalian skeletal muscle. the macromolecular structures that make up the epicuticle were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and compositional analysis. three fracture planes were observed: one with a typical plasma membrane-type bilayer organisation which was overlaid by two extended layers of lipid in an inverted cylindrical configurati ... | 1996 | 8652610 |
| clinical aspects of infection with trichinella spp. | isolated cases and outbreaks of infection with trichinella spp. occur frequently throughout the world, sometimes resulting in fatalities. the clinical presentations of signs and symptoms are remarkably constant for most of the species of trichinella, but in infections with trichinella nativa and trichinella britovi, classical symptoms of trichinellosis may be absent. it is important to be able to correlate the clinical presentation of trichinellosis with the life cycle of these helminths in orde ... | 1996 | 8665476 |
| local intestinal immune responses to infections with trichinella spiralis. real-time, continuous assay of cytokines in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats. | levels of il-4, il-5, tnf-alpha, and ifn-gamma were quantitated in the intestinal (afferent) and efferent thoracic duct lymph of rats during the course (0 to 289 h) of an infection with trichinella spiralis. intestinal lymph was collected by cannulating thoracic ducts of mesenteric lymphadenectomized animals. these studies showed that cytokines typical of a th2 type (il-4 and il-5) and a th1 type (ifn-gamma) were simultaneously detected in the intestinal lymph during the first 8 days after infec ... | 1996 | 8666804 |
| a critical role for stem cell factor and c-kit in host protective immunity to an intestinal helminth. | in common with many intestinal nematode infections, trichinella spiralis infections in mice are associated with a pronounced intestinal mast cell hyperplasia. the expulsion of the parasite from the gut is temporally associated with intestinal mastocytosis and mast cell function reflected by the secretion of mast cell protease into tissue and serum. in vivo, mucosal mast cell production is highly dependent upon t cell-derived cytokines including il-3 and il-4. we present data here to show that in ... | 1996 | 8671643 |
| acceleration of ige responses by treatment with recombinant interleukin-3 prior to infection with trichinella spiralis in mice. | treatment of mice with recombinant interleukin-3 (ril-3) accelerated an il-4-dependent ige production following infection with trichinella spiralis. when mice were treated with a total of 1.5 x 10(4) units ril-3 for 5 days before infection with 400 muscle larvae, the serum ige level increased prominently on day 5. acceleration of ige responses was dependent on the dose of ril-3 injected. treatment of mice with a total of 10(3) units ril-3 could accelerate ige responses. ige responses were detect ... | 1996 | 8675221 |
| lung eosinophilia in response to intravenously injected trichinella spiralis. | mice were injected intravenously with killed muscle-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis. this induced eosinophilic lung inflammation, the degree of eosinophilia was detected and measured by broncho-alveolar lavage. subsequent in vivo restimulation by trichinella antigens produced an enhanced lung response, showing that exposure to killed larvae generated an effective immunological memory. the kinetics and characteristics of the eosinophil response suggested that it was lo ... | 1996 | 8688865 |
| the influence of the invasion of trichinella sp. on immunologic reactions in mice: 1. analysis of the reaction of skin allograft rejection. | | 1996 | 8689523 |
| trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis induce collagen synthesis by host fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. | immunoperoxidase staining of muscle infected with trichinella spiralis for murine collagen types i and iv provided both qualitative and quantitative evidence of extensive synthesis of both types of collagen by fibroblasts in infected muscle compared to that seen in uninfected muscle. moreover, fibroblasts in muscle infected with t. pseudospiralis, a nonencapsulating species, showed significantly less staining for both types of collagen compared to muscle from mice infected with t. spiralis. anal ... | 1995 | 8719950 |
| immunization against trichinella spiralis using antigens from different life-cycle stages experimental study in mice. | crude antigen preparations from different life-cycle stages of t. spiralis using 10 micrograms and 100 micrograms antigen/dose, were tested for their ability to immunize mice against homologous challenge infection. immunization was assessed by accelerated expulsion of adult worms, reduction in female worm fecundity and decreased yield of muscle larvae. the dose of 100 micrograms proved to be more protective in all antigen preparations. the aa provided highly significant protection against adult ... | 1996 | 8721225 |
| effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the subsequent development of immunity to trichinella spiralis in rat neonates. | the immune response of rat pups to the intestinal parasite trichinella spiralis was studied to determine if maternal pre- and/or postnatal ethanol consumption affected neonatal immune responses. female rats were fed ethanol-containing (36% of calories) or pair-fed control liquid diets and include groups that were maintained on ethanol as follows: group 1, from day 1 of pregnancy through weaning and whose pups were then placed on ethanol to sacrifice; group 2, from day 1 of pregnancy through lact ... | 1996 | 8727247 |
| generation of tnf alpha, ifn gamma, il-6, il-4 and il-10 in mouse serum from trichinellosis: effect of the anti-inflammatory compound 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-dpd). | infections caused by the nematode trichinella spiralis is characterized in the host by an inflammatory response with cytokine production. in these studies we have detected tnf alpha, il-6, ifn gamma, il-4 and il-10 in the serum of 10 mice infected with t. spiralis. moreover, we detected, for the first time, these cytokines in the serum of mice treated with 4-dpd, a potent antagonist of vitamin b6 coenzyme which has anti-inflammatory properties. 4-dpd was used at 100, 400, 800 micrograms/bolus fo ... | 1996 | 8739314 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and other nematodes. | we used elisa and immunoblotting to investigate antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and five other nematodes: the ascaridoids ascaris suum, toxocara canis and hysterothylacium aduncum, and the nonascaridoids trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris. two sera were raised against each species (including a. simplex, but excluding a. suum), by infection or by immunization with somatic antigens. serum against a. suum was raised by immunization only. the r ... | 1996 | 8740558 |
| detection of gastrointestinal nematodes by a coproantigen capture elisa. | an assay is described for the quantitative detection of excretory/secretory antigens liberated by the intestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus and voided in the host's faeces. a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the antigens detected them in a dose-dependent manner and was sufficiently sensitive to recognise infection in mice carrying a mean worm burden of nine worms. the assay was specific, giving higher optical density readings with the faeces of mice infected with h polygyrus than with faec ... | 1996 | 8745247 |
| effect of some parasitic infection on neurotransmitters in the brain of experimentally infected mice before and after treatment. | the effects of some parasitic infection (bilharziasis, toxocariasis and trichinosis) on the brain of experimentally infected mice were investigated. eighty animals were classified into four groups, group i contained five non infected animals as a control group. the other groups each contained twenty-five mice infected with schistosoma mansoni (group ii), toxocara canis (group iii) and trichinella spiralis (group iv). each infected group was divided into two subgroups (a,b). subgroup (a) left unt ... | 1996 | 8754657 |
| propionibacterium granulosum activities in rats during the muscle phase of trichinella spiralis invasion. | immune response of wistar rats, infected with 4000 l1 t. spiralis and treated with p. granulosum during the muscle phase of nematode invasion were measured. the increase of spleen mass was observed in all groups infected and exposed to p. granulosum. intraperitoneal injection of bacteria results in higher level of t lymphocytes and activated neutrophils. the level of inhibition of macrophages migration was depended on relation to the time and doses of injection. in non-specific stimulated animal ... | 1996 | 8755145 |
| [phosphocholine antigens in muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis]. | crude t. spiralis larval antigens often cross-react with antibodies to other parasites (for instance toxocara canis) in the elisa test. the crossreactivity of the sera is probably due to the presence of phosphocholine (pc)-specific antibodies to antigens found in the inner layer of the cuticle, in the haemolymph, genital primordium and glycogen aggregates t. spiralis larvae. the anti-pc response following infection with t. spiralis occurs earlier than the antispecific antigens response. the abov ... | 1996 | 8755146 |
| neural integration of jejunal motility and ion transport in nematode-infected ferrets. | jejunal motility measured manometrically and coupled fluctuations in electrogenic ion transport measured as transmural potential differences (pd) were simultaneously studied in ferrets infected with enteric stages of the parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis. vagotomy in uninfected ferrets abolished jejunal motility clusters and associated pd oscillations. conversely, in infected ferrets on days 8-12 postinfection (pi), vagotomy did not abolish jejunal motility and pd. calculated motility ind ... | 1996 | 8760106 |
| [the heidelberg trichina dispute. a parasitologic episode from the year 1840]. | since the initial zoological description of "trichina spiralis" (later renamed "trichinella spiralis") by owen in 1835 several other scientists had observed trichinas in human muscles, when an inglorious dispute about priorities arose between the anatomists kobelt and bischoff at the heidelberg university in 1840 because of one of those findings. the genesis of trichinosis was only to be explained in 1860 by zenker, while bischoff, who was among the leading 19th century embryologists, then still ... | 1996 | 8765543 |
| anthelmintic activity of 6,7-diaryl-pteridines. | in a search for new anthelmintic compounds, some 6,7-diaryl-pteridines were synthesized from the corresponding diaminopyrimidines and aromatic aldehydes. their anthelmintic activity was tested in vitro against caenorhabditis elegans and heligmosomoides polygyrus and in vivo against trichinella spiralis. structure-activity relationships are discussed. | 1996 | 8767359 |
| effects of oral l-name during trichinella spiralis infection in rats. | we investigated the involvement of nitric oxide in transmural jejunal alterations induced by trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) infection in rats. rats were gavaged with either saline or t.spiralis larvae, and, 1 h later, rats were treated orally with water, ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name; 30 mg/kg), or ng-nitro-d-arginine methyl ester (d-name; 30 mg/kg) on a daily basis. although not observed in jejunum from uninfected rats, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) mrna was present in t ... | 1996 | 8770050 |
| uvb-induced decreased resistance to trichinella spiralis in the rat is related to impaired cellular immunity. | our laboratory has demonstrated in preliminary experiments that uvb exposure using the kromayer lamp can induce increased numbers of trichinella spiralis larvae in carcasses of infected wistar rats, without affecting specific antibody titers to this parasite. in this study, orally t. spiralis-infected wistar rats were exposed to suberythemal doses of uvb radiation using fs40 lamps during different time periods before or after infection. a significant increase in the number of t. spiralis larvae ... | 1996 | 8806234 |
| trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in eastern bolivia. | trichinellosis in pigs in bolivia was first documented in 1993 following a small abattoir survey in a rural community in the bolivian altiplano. the present study investigated the presence of antibodies to trichinella spiralis in pigs in the 2 largest departments in terms of pig production in bolivia. three geographically separate abattoir surveys were conducted to cover the major production areas in the departments of santa cruz and chuquisaca. sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1996 | 8809974 |
| developmental expression of a 43-kda secreted glycoprotein from trichinella spiralis. | trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasitic nematode that infects skeletal muscle cells. infection results in loss of tissue specific characteristics and conversion of the muscle cell to a nurse cell. the characteristic changes leading to the formation of the nurse cell appear complete by day 12 after intramuscular infection. proteins synthesized in the stichocytes (secretory cells) of t. spiralis and secreted in the host cell are believed to be involved in the process of nurse cell forma ... | 1996 | 8813673 |
| trichinella pseudospiralis secretes a protein related to the trichinella spiralis 43-kda glycoprotein. | a 43-kda secreted glycoprotein from the intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis has been considered as a factor involved in the formation of the nurse cell in infected muscle. the closely related intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella pseudospiralis that also infects muscle cells, does not form nurse cells and was thought not to secrete the 43-kda glycoprotein. this implied a unique role for the 43-kda glycoprotein in t. spiralis infection and supported the hypothesis of invo ... | 1996 | 8813674 |
| immune cytotoxic activity of human eosinophils against trichinella spiralis newborn larvae. | the ability of human eosinophils to kill the newborn larvae (nbl) of trichinella spiralis of different maturation status, in the presence of antibody, was studied. a cytotoxic in vitro test was performed using nbl less than 2 h of age (nbl2) or nbl maintained in culture at 37 degrees c for 20 h (nbl20), peripheral blood eosinophils, anti-trichinella serum and human fresh serum as source of complement. under these experimental conditions eosinophils from normal individuals attached to nbl2 as wel ... | 1995 | 8817601 |
| stem cell factor dependent hyperplasia of mucosal-type mast cells but not eosinophils in schistosoma mansoni-infected rats. | stem cell factor (scf) is a growth factor with multiple activities which acts on numerous cell types including primordial germ cells, haemopoietic stem cells, melanocytes and mast cells. scf is critical for the development of the mast cell hyperplasia associated with infection with the intestinal parasites nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis. in the present study we have assessed the role of scf in the mast cell and eosinophil responses to schistosoma mansoni in the rat by bloc ... | 1995 | 8817606 |
| critical resources that influence habitat selection decisions by gastrointestinal helminth parasites. | habitat selection may be the basis of some of the most exciting questions in behavioural ecology today, but parasites are being excluded from this debate. parasites are not aberrant; they form a large proportion of the diversity of life on earth, and one estimate suggests that parasitism is more common than all other feeding strategies combined. we still do not understand the adaptive value of habitat selection behaviours in these organisms, even though the literature is full of examples of para ... | 1996 | 8818728 |
| trichinella spiralis: ultrastructural localization of a target antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody. | the localization of a 160-kda molecule recognized by a monoclonal antibody of the igg1-class (ts32d12) to trichinella spirilis was demonstrated at the subcellular level. mature muscle larvae recovered from infected mice were fixed with zamboni solution, and embedded in lr white resin. ultrathin sections were incubated with ts32d12 and subsequently stained using a secondary antibody-coated colloidal gold probe. ts32d12 reacted to constituents in the alpha-stichosome cells of the parasite; that is ... | 1996 | 8818736 |
| injection of recombinant interleukin 3 hastens worm expulsion in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | the effects of interleukin 3 (il-3) on worm expulsion were studied in mice infected with trichinella spiralis. c3h/he mice were treated with a total of 10(4) u il-3 or saline by daily peritoneal injection from day-5 to day-1. muscle larvae were given orally to both groups of mice on day 0. the muscle worn burden in infected mice was assessed on day 28. the worm burden in mice treated with recombinant il-3 (ril-3) was significantly suppressed as compared with that in control mice. a reduction in ... | 1996 | 8825203 |
| blocking anti-trichinella spiralis antibodies in chronically infected rats. | specific anti-newborn larva antibodies present in the serum of rats chronically infected with trichinella spiralis were incapable of inducing killing of newborn larvae by activation of normal peritoneal cells. these late antibodies blocked the cytotoxic reaction induced by early antibodies produced a few weeks after infection. passive transference of late serum to normal mice failed to induce protective immunity against infection by newborn t. spiralis larvae. when late immunoserum was fractiona ... | 1996 | 8825450 |
| histochemical investigations of the biochemical defence mechanism in experimental trichinellosis: i. peroxidase activity. | biological reactions caused by free radicals at the molecular and cellular levels engage many different biochemical components which can be directly damaged by the oxidizing radicals and which eventually promote pathological processes. defence mechanisms have evolved to limit the speed of production of free radical damage; they include low molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. in this study, the activity of peroxidase acting against peroxides appearing in muscle of mice at different st ... | 1995 | 8826111 |
| histochemical investigations of the biochemical defence mechanism in experimental trichinellosis: ii. prostaglandin synthase activity. | in this paper, we report on the histochemical localization of prostaglandin synthase (e. c. 1.14.99.1) in mouse muscles following infection with trichinella spiralis and the dynamics of their changes at different stages of disease. our studies suggest that increased level of prostaglandin synthase activity in infected muscles of mice may be correlated with the degree of muscle injury by larvae and, perhaps, that increased level of enzyme ameliorates the functioning of muscle. the dynamics of pro ... | 1995 | 8826112 |
| expression and function of hla-dq8 (dqa1*0301/dqb1*0302) genes in transgenic mice. | transgenic mice expressing hla-dqa1*0301 and hla-dqb1*0302 genes (dq8) were produced. the transgenes were then transferred into mouse (ab degrees) class ii negative mice: the only class ii molecules expressed in these animals were therefore coded by the hla-dq8 genes. good expression of hla-dq molecules was found. both cd4+ t cells and dq8-specific t-cell receptor v beta expressing cells were positively selected in these mice. the hla-dq8 molecules expressed in these animals can present various ... | 1996 | 8834919 |
| susceptibility and reactivity of sheep to trichinella spiralis infection. | susceptibility and reactive manifestation to trichinella spiralis infection were studied in atypical hosts (sheep) for the period of 247 days. sheep produced anti-trichinella antibodies as early on day 11 (low titer 1:200), with maximum reached at day 35 (titer 1:800). from day 42 the antibody level was declining with a negative result of examination on day 70. mice exhibited anti-trichinella antibodies only on day 32 (titer 1:200). this level was rising, reaching high titer (1:1600) on day 56. ... | 1996 | 8856994 |
| mast cells that reside at different locations in the jejunum of mice infected with trichinella spiralis exhibit sequential changes in their granule ultrastructure and chymase phenotype. | whether or not a nontransformed, mature mouse mast cell (mc) or its committed progenitor can change its granule protease phenotype during inflammatory responses, has not been determined. to address this issue, the granule morphology and protease content of the mc in the jejunum of balb/c mice exposed to trichinella spiralis were assessed during the course of the infection. within 1 wk after helminth infection of the mice, increased numbers of mc appeared in the crypts at the base of the villi, a ... | 1996 | 8858180 |
| free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays. | the avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. however, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (bcms) in samples may lead to erroneous results. in the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and bcms present in helminth extracts may interfere in avidin/biotin-based immunoassays and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for quantification of these components. in avidin-based elisa using antinematode ... | 1996 | 8875569 |
| investigation of immunofluorescence cross-reactions against trichinella spiralis by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. | immunofluorescence cross-reactions in trichinella spiralis serodiagnosis are sometimes difficult to identify. we compared the results of an indirect immunofluorescence assay and the profiles obtained by western blot (immunoblot) analysis for three groups of patients: 10 t. spiralis-infected patients, 10 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 7 patients with parasitic diseases other than trichinellosis. the degree of immunofluorescence cross-reaction was variable. western blotting allowed us to d ... | 1996 | 8877138 |
| intestinal transport and catabolism of ige: a major blood-independent pathway of ige dissemination during a trichinella spiralis infection of rats. | previous work has shown that trichinella spiralis-infected rats transport ige from plasma to intestinal tissue and fluids. in this study we quantitate ige transport to the gut and circulation during t. spiralis infection in rats. total ige levels in intestinal fluid from infected rats were elevated by 4 days post-infection (dpi), but were not elevated in serum and lymph until 7 dpi. ige levels in intestinal fluid ranged from 1 to 6 microg between 10 and 21 dpi, and serum and lymph ige levels ran ... | 1996 | 8892637 |
| immunology and genetics of zoonotic infections involving parasites. | zoonoses involving parasites are both common and important, some causing serious diseases. the abilities of such parasites to pass between humans and a variety of vertebrates facilitates their use as experimental model systems. much can be learned about the host-parasite relationships of zoonotic infections from laboratory-based studies, particularly where it is possible to make use of defined parasite isolates in a variety of host species or in genetically defined strains of a given host. this ... | 1996 | 8894375 |
| trichinella spiralis: x-ray analysis of the nurse cell-muscle larva complex after exponential growth of the larva. | the energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (edxa) method was employed to determine how the exponential growth of the trichinella spiralis larva affect the concentration of some metabolically active elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, potassium, and calcium in host myocytes as well as inside the nurse cell-muscle larva complex. two observations are noteworthy. first, the capsule of the complex reveals the highest na+ and cl-concentrations. we would suggest that these high na+ and cl- ... | 1996 | 8897509 |
| molecular cloning of a myod-like gene from the parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis. | the infective larval stage of the nematode trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite of skeletal muscle cells. infection with t. spiralis results in dedifferentiation of the host cell and the formation of a host/parasite complex. a gene encoding a t. spiralis helix-loop-helix (hlh) protein with homology to the myogenic transcription factor, myod, and to the caenorhabditis elegans protein, cemyod, has been identified and partially characterized. the tsmyd-1 gene is expressed constitutivel ... | 1996 | 8898330 |
| trichinella spiralis thymidylate synthase: developmental pattern, isolation, molecular properties, and inhibition by substrate and cofactor analogues. | thymidylate synthase specific activity was found to remain at a constant level in crude extracts from muscle larvae, isolated (1-15 months after infection) by pepsin-hci digestion, as well as from adult worms of trichinella spiralis. the enzyme was purified and its molecular (monomer mol. wt 35 kd) and kinetic (sequential mechanism with the k(m) values 3.1 and 19 microm for dump and n5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, respectively) properties determined. 5-fluoro-dump was a competitive, slow-bindin ... | 1996 | 8920932 |
| trichinella infection and clinical disease. | trichinellosis is caused by ingestion of insufficiently cooked meat contaminated with infective larvae of trichinella species. the clinical course is highly variable, ranging from no apparent infection to severe and even fatal disease. we report two illustrative cases of trichinellosis. returning to denmark a few days after having eaten roasted pork in the republic of serbia, a female patient suffered from severe vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, and later myalgia, arthralgia, generalized oe ... | 1996 | 8935484 |
| environmental and human influence on the ecology of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi in western europe. | surveys on trichinella parasites in domestic and sylvatic animals collected in france, italy, and in the extremadura region of spain showed that the distribution of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi is influenced by both environmental and human behaviour factors. in france, both trichinella species are prevalent in the fox population from mountain areas and natural parks but are infrequent in wild boars (< 0.001%). in italy, only t. britovi is present in sylvatic animals (foxes, wolve ... | 1996 | 8939049 |
| the effect of trichinella spiralis infection on the mechanical properties of the mammalian diaphragm. | trichinella spiralis larvae infect and develop within skeletal muscle cells causing major changes to their mechanical properties. the aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of t. spiralis on the power output and fatigue resistance of the mammalian diaphragm under conditions simulating in vivo operation and to relate these to respiratory performance. infection with t. spiralis leads to major reductions in mechanical stress, work, power output and fatigue resistance. these changes ... | 1996 | 8939050 |
| pattern of proinflammatory cytokine mrna expression during trichinella spiralis infection of the rat. | trichinella spiralis occupies an intramulticellular niche in the small intestinal epithelium, and thus we examined the intestine and gut-associated tissues for proinflammatory cytokines during the infection. we document the patterns of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha mrna expression in the duodenum, jejunum, peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver in t. spiralis-infected rats. by reverse transcription-pcr detection of mrnas, il-1bet ... | 1996 | 8945557 |
| a helminthological survey of wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of copenhagen. | sixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: strongyle eggs (75.0%), capillaria eggs (36.8%), toxocara eggs (23.5%), taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), toxocara canis (81.0%), taenia spp. (38.1%), meso ... | 1996 | 8960222 |
| characterization of spanish trichinella isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). | the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay was used to find molecular markers able to distinguish trichinella spiralis from t. britovi, the two recognized spanish trichinella species. fourteen spanish trichinella isolates, as well as reference trichinella isolates representing the five species t. spiralis (t1), t. nativa (t2), t. britovi (t3), t. pseudospiralis (t4) and t. nelsoni (t7) and the three other taxa trichinella t5, trichinella t6 and trichinella t8 of the genus, were characteri ... | 1996 | 8960230 |
| case report: locally acquired trichinosis in an immigrant from southeast asia. | the authors report a case of trichinosis acquired in oklahoma city by an immigrant from southeast asia. the 49-year-old female reported having abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting, and had purchased and eaten lightly cooked pork. she also complained of fatigue, anorexia, and muscle aches for several months. an immigrant from laos, she stated that she regularly eats pork and prefers it rare or mildly cooked. the authors caution local physicians to be aware of the increased risk of trichinos ... | 1996 | 8972172 |
| [the detection of pathogenicity factors in the nematode trichinella spiralis at different stages of its development]. | the study of water soluble proteins of trichinella spiralis has discovered for the first time some protein fractions having neiraminedase, haemagglutinative and cytotoxic activities. the presence of hyaluronidase was confirmed and its activity both for water soluble and cuticle proteins of the trichinella was examined. the haemagglutinin and cytotoxin of the trichinella have an antigen specificity. the presence of active molecules is considered as the factors of pathogenicity. these pathogenic f ... | 1996 | 8984436 |
| detection of circulating trichinella spiralis larvae by polymerase chain reaction. | several investigators have successfully applied the polymerase chain reaction to the amplification of dna from trichinella spiralis muscle-stage larvae. we show herein that specific dna can be amplified from t. spiralis migratory larvae in the blood of experimentally infected mice. the polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of migratory larvae in mouse blood from day 5 to day 14 of infection. the technique may be applied to human trichinosis, but its diagnostic value will depend on the ... | 1997 | 9000234 |
| synthesis and conformational studies of the tyvelose capped, lewis-x like tetrasaccharide epitope of trichinella spiralis. | chemical synthesis and high resolution nmr studies are reported for the tetrasaccharide epitope and constituent structures that occur as terminal elements of trichinella spiralis cell surface glycans. the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl and methyl glycosides of lewis-x type trisaccharides, in which beta galnac replaces beta gal were synthesized from monosaccharide synthons utilizing thioglycoside and halide-ion glycosylation methods. the unique 3,6-dideoxy-beta-d-arabinohexopyranosyl residue that caps t ... | 1996 | 9007282 |
| synthesis of alpha- and beta-linked tyvelose epitopes of the trichinella spiralis glycan: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-o-(3,6-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-beta -d-galactopyranosides. | the anomeric configuration of tyvelose, 3,6-dideoxy-d-arabino-hexopyranose, in the recently discovered glycan epitopes of the parasite trichinella spiralis has not been established. two 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl disaccharide glycosides, alpha- and beta-tyv-(1-->3)-beta-d-galnac (4 and 5), have been synthesized to provide model compounds that, together with the methyl 3,6-dideoxy-alpha- and beta-d-arabino-hexopyranosides (2 and 3), aid the determination of the anomeric configuration of tyvelose res ... | 1996 | 9008846 |
| induction of surface fluidity in trichinella spiralis larvae during penetration of the host intestine: simulation by cyclic amp in vitro. | the lateral diffusion (dl) properties of the fluorescent lipid probe 5-n (octadecanoyl) aminofluorescein (af18) inserted into the surface of muscle-stage larvae of trichinella spiralis were investigated by fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching. af18 was not free to diffuse laterally in dormant larvae, and this remained unchanged after larval activation in vitro with trypsin and bile. however, a significant increase in surface fluidity of the probe was demonstrated (%r = 74.5; dl = 11.5 x 1 ... | 1997 | 9011076 |
| detection by polymerase chain reaction of trichinella spiralis larvae in blood of infected patients. | | 1996 | 9033913 |
| trichinella spiralis (t1) and trichinella t5: a comparison using animal infectivity and molecular biology techniques. | we compared trichinella t5 of bobcat (lynx rufus) origin with trichinella spiralis (t1) by using animal infectivity and molecular biology techniques. swine, sd rats, and cf1 mice were highly resistant to infection with trichinella t5 but sensitive to t. spiralis, whereas deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) had similar sensitivity to both parasites. the fecundity of trichinella t5 in deer mice was 10-35-fold higher in comparison to the fecundity in laboratory rodents (sd rats and cf1 mice). fecund ... | 1997 | 9057702 |
| evidence of potential gene flow in trichinella spiralis and in trichinella britovi in nature. | during a study on the epidemiology of trichinellosis in spain, 91 animals and 9 samples of sausages homemade with pork were found positive for trichinella. parasite identification at the species level was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction with a random primer on single muscle larvae. seventy-one animals harbored trichinella spiralis (17 domestic pigs, 53 wild boars, 1 fox), and 17 were infected with trichinella britovi (1 domestic pig, 13 wild boars, 3 foxes). sausages were infected w ... | 1997 | 9057718 |
| role of nitric oxide in norepinephrine release from myenteric plexus in vitro and in trichinella spiralis-infected rats. | nitric oxide (no) has been implicated as modulator of neural function and inflammatory mediator. previously, we have demonstrated suppression of norepinephrine (ne) release from myenteric nerves following trichinella spiralis infection implicating interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) as a mediator of these changes. in the present study, we have examined the role of no in ne release from the myenteric plexus and in the suppression of ne release induced by il-1 beta in vitro, and we have determined whet ... | 1997 | 9058390 |
| apomorphine-susceptible and apomorphine-unsusceptible wistar rats differ in their susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases: a study on rats with group-specific differences in structure and reactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. | variability in susceptibility to diseases is a well known phenomenon that has been attributed to genetic and environmental factors. at the level of the immune system, the reactivity of two types of t helper cells (th1 and th2 cells) plays an important role in determining disease susceptibility. inflammatory (autoimmune) diseases are stimulated by cytokines produced by th1 cells. th2 cytokines stimulate antibody production (e.g., ige) and eosinophilia as observed in allergic reactions or during p ... | 1997 | 9065517 |
| a trichuris specific diagnostic antigen from culture fluids of trichuris suis adult worms. | trichuris suis is a nematode parasite of swine which can cause serious pathology in infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections, especially in young animals. infection with trichuris suis is difficult to diagnose because much of the pathology occurs when only larval stages are present, and because of sporadic egg production by adult female worms. we have isolated a 20 kda excretory/secretory (e/s) glycoprotein from culture fluids of adult worms by column chro ... | 1997 | 9066055 |