| multivariate statistical assessment of a polluted river under nitrification inhibition in the tropics. | a large complex water quality data set of a polluted river, the tay ninh river, was evaluated to identify its water quality problems, to assess spatial variation, to determine the main pollution sources, and to detect relationships between parameters. this river is highly polluted with organic substances, nutrients, and total iron. an important problem of the river is the inhibition of the nitrification. for the evaluation, different statistical techniques including cluster analysis (ca), discri ... | 2017 | 28409429 |
| phenotypic diversity of starch granules in cassava germplasm. | demand for the development of cassava varieties with different native starches has guided the search for these characteristics in the germplasm of manihot esculenta crantz. therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of cassava accessions for root and starch granule characteristics to guide the future industrial application of this species. starches from 56 accessions were evaluated for the number of granules in 1 g of starch (ntg), area (ag, μm2), length (lg, μm ... | 2017 | 28407178 |
| genome-wide identification and functional prediction of cold and/or drought-responsive lncrnas in cassava. | cold and drought stresses seriously affect cassava (manihot esculenta) plant growth and yield. recently, long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) have emerged as key regulators of diverse cellular processes in mammals and plants. to date, no systematic screening of lncrnas under abiotic stress and their regulatory roles in cassava has been reported. in this study, we present the first reference catalog of 682 high-confidence lncrnas based on analysis of strand-specific rna-seq data from cassava shoot apice ... | 2017 | 28387315 |
| effect of salt on the glass transition of condensed tapioca starch systems. | this work examines the effect of including hydrated nacl and cacl2 (up to 6% w/w) on the physicochemical properties of condensed tapioca starch. samples were prepared by hot pressing at 120°c to produce condensed systems that covered a range of moisture contents from 7.34% w/w (23% relative humidity) to 19.52% w/w (75% relative humidity). tensile storage modulus and heat flow measurements were taken using dma and mdsc, which were accompanied by ftir, waxd and esem. increasing the salt level enha ... | 2017 | 28372154 |
| proteomic analysis of injured storage roots in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) under postharvest physiological deterioration. | postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) is a global challenge in the improvement of cassava value chain. however, how to reduce cassava spoilage and reveal the mechanism of injured cassava storage roots in response to ppd were poorly understood. in the present study, we investigated the activities of antioxidant enzymes of cassava injured storage roots in ppd-susceptible (sc9) and ppd-tolerant (qz1) genotypes at the time-points from 0h to 120h, and further analyzed their proteomic changes ... | 2017 | 28339481 |
| effects of acetone cyanohydrin, a derivative of cassava, on motor activity and kidney and liver function in wistar rats. | acetone cyanohydrin (ach) is a toxic substance present in cassava roots (manihot esculenta crantz) which results from enzymatic hydrolysis of linamarin. long-term consumption is associated with 2 neurological disorders: konzo and tropical ataxic neuropathy. previous studies have evaluated behavioural alterations linked to ach consumption, but the toxic effects of this substance on physiological processes remain unknown. | 2017 | 28318734 |
| cassava postharvest physiological deterioration: a complex phenomenon involving calcium signaling, reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death. | postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of cassava (manihot esculenta) storage roots is a complex physiological and biochemical process which involve many regulatory networks linked with specific proteins modulation and signaling transduction pathways. however, it is poorly understood regarding biological regulation, and the interactions among protein groups and signals to determine ppd syndrome in cassava storage roots. this review sheds some light on the possible molecular mechanisms inv ... | 2017 | 28316353 |
| highly efficient mesophyll protoplast isolation and peg-mediated transient gene expression for rapid and large-scale gene characterization in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a major crop extensively cultivated in the tropics as both an important source of calories and a promising source for biofuel production. although stable gene expression have been used for transgenic breeding and gene function study, a quick, easy and large-scale transformation platform has been in urgent need for gene functional characterization, especially after the cassava full genome was sequenced. | 2017 | 28292294 |
| cyanogen metabolism in cassava roots: impact on protein synthesis and root development. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a staple crop for millions of sub-saharan africans, contains high levels of cyanogenic glycosides which protect it against herbivory. however, cyanogens have also been proposed to play a role in nitrogen transport from leaves to roots. consistent with this hypothesis, analyses of the distribution and activities of enzymes involved in cyanide metabolism provides evidence for cyanide assimilation, derived from linamarin, into amino acids in cassava roots. both β ... | 2017 | 28286506 |
| morphological changes of blocklets during the gelatinization process of tapioca starch. | after combined hydrolysis by α-amylase and β-amylase at room temperature, spherical blocklets in diameters of 27-60nm were observed on the surface of tapioca starch granules by scanning electron micrography (sem). tapioca starch (1%, w/w, db, distilled water) was heated by using a rapid visco analyzer (rva) in four different programs, then the samples were settled and freeze dried, respectively. the sem images showed that the blocklets swelled at 52°c; the swollen blocklets deformed to olive sha ... | 2017 | 28267512 |
| cassava c-repeat binding factor 1 gene responds to low temperature and enhances cold tolerance when overexpressed in arabidopsis and cassava. | cassava mecbf1 is a typical cbf transcription factor mediating cold responses but its low expression in apical buds along with a retarded response cause inefficient upregulation of downstream cold-related genes, rendering cassava chilling-sensitive. low temperature is a major abiotic stress factor affecting survival, productivity and geographic distribution of important crops worldwide. the c-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors (cbf/dreb) are important regulators ... | 2017 | 28258553 |
| genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of hd-zip gene family related to abiotic stress in cassava. | homeodomain-leucine zipper (hd-zip) gene family plays important roles in various abiotic stresses and hormone signaling in plants. however, no information is currently available regarding this family in cassava (manihot esculenta), an important drought-tolerant crop in tropical and sub-tropical areas. here, 57 hd-zip genes (mehdz01-57) were identified in the cassava genome, and they were classified into four subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis, which was further supported by their gene st ... | 2017 | 28249019 |
| the industrial applications of cassava: current status, opportunities and prospects. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a drought-tolerant, staple food crop that is grown in tropical and subtropical areas. as an important raw material, cassava is a valuable food source in developing countries and is also extensively employed for producing starch, bioethanol and other bio-based products (e.g. feed, medicine, cosmetics and biopolymers). these cassava-based industries also generate large quantities of wastes/residues rich in organic matter and suspended solids, providing great p ... | 2017 | 28233322 |
| fundamental study on the impact of gluten-free starches on the quality of gluten-free model breads. | starch is widely used as an ingredient and significantly contributes to texture, appearance, and overall acceptability of cereal based foods, playing an important role due to its ability to form a matrix, entrapping air bubbles. a detailed characterisation of five gluten-free starches (corn, wheat, rice, tapioca, potato) was performed in this study. in addition, the influence of these starches, with different compositional and morphological properties, was evaluated on a simple gluten-free model ... | 2016 | 28231125 |
| molecular assessment of the bacterial community associated with cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivation in cameroon. | bacterial communities play an important role in nutrient cycles and plant development. their distribution and activity may depend on location and environmental heterogeneity. this study characterized soil bacterial communities in cassava fields of eastern (andom) and southern (bityili) cameroon using molecular tools. in both sites, two improved varieties (tms-96/1414; tms-92/0326) and a local variety (local) were grown in a randomized block design. composite bulk soils were collected at 10months ... | 2017 | 28219522 |
| case of escape in cassava, manihot esculenta crantz. | two cassava escapes where collected from cultivated fields near natural habitat in bolivia. they are described morphologically and analyzed cytogenetically in this study. it is suggested that they are the product of backcrosses of cassava interspecific hybrids with the cultigen itself, and that selective conditions have developed in which certain forms of cassava segregates have adapted to grow wildly in natural habitats near cassava fields. these segregates may hybridize with cultivated cassava ... | 2017 | 28198512 |
| explaining the texture properties of whey protein isolate/starch co-gels from fracture structures. | the effects of tapioca starch (ts) and potato starch (ps) on texture properties of whey protein isolate (wpi)/starch co-gels were investigated for fracture structures. we focused on two types of wpi network structures. in a fine-stranded structure at ph 6.8, the wpi/ts co-gel fractured similarly to the wpi single gel. the wpi/ps co-gel was broken at a lower strain and lower stress. in a random aggregation at ph 5.8, the wpi/ts co-gel reached a yielding point at a lower strain, whereas the wpi/ps ... | 2017 | 28140770 |
| epigenetic map and genetic map basis of complex traits in cassava population. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important tropical starchy root crop that is adapted to drought but extremely cold sensitive. a cold-tolerant, high-quality, and robust supply of cassava is urgently needed. here, we clarify genome-wide distribution and classification of ccgg hemi-methylation and full-methylation, and detected 77 much candidate qtlsepi for cold stress and 103 much candidate qtlsepi for storage root quality and yield in 186 cassava population, generated by crossing two non ... | 2017 | 28120898 |
| the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid alleviates salinity stress in cassava. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) demand has been rising because of its various applications. high salinity stress is a major environmental factor that interferes with normal plant growth and limits crop productivity. as well as genetic engineering to enhance stress tolerance, the use of small molecules is considered as an alternative methodology to modify plants with desired traits. the effectiveness of histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors for increasing tolerance to salinity stress has recen ... | 2016 | 28119717 |
| gene expression atlas for the food security crop cassava. | cassava (manihot esculenta) feeds c. 800 million people world-wide. although this crop displays high productivity under drought and poor soil conditions, it is susceptible to disease, postharvest deterioration and the roots contain low nutritional content. here, we provide molecular identities for 11 cassava tissue/organ types through rna-sequencing and develop an open access, web-based interface for further interrogation of the data. through this dataset, we consider the physiology of cassava. ... | 2017 | 28116755 |
| characterisation, in vitro digestibility and expected glycemic index of commercial starches as uncooked ingredients. | in this study native starches as ingredients (corn, rice, wheat, tapioca and potato) were characterized for microstructure, physicochemical, functional and thermal properties, in vitro digestibility and glycemic index. there was a significant variation in the granule shape and size distribution of the starches. particle size monomodal (corn, tapioca, potato) and bimodal (rice, wheat) distribution was observed amongst the starches. the potato starch showed the biggest size granules while the rice ... | 2016 | 28115752 |
| some nutritional characteristics of enzymatically resistant maltodextrin from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) starch. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) native starch was treated with pyroconversion and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce a pyrodextrin and an enzyme-resistant maltodextrin. some nutritional characteristics were quantified for both compounds. pyroconversion was done using a 160:1 (p/v) starch:hcl ratio, 90 °c temperature and 3 h reaction time. the resulting pyrodextrin contained 46.21% indigestible starch and 78.86% dietary fiber. thermostable α-amylase (0.01%) was used to hydrolyze the pyrodextrin a ... | 2017 | 28102511 |
| genome sequence of phytomonas françai, a cassava (manihot esculenta) latex parasite. | here, we report the genome sequence of the cassava (manihot esculenta) latex parasite phytomonas françai p. françai infection is linked with the yield-loss disease "chochamento de raizes" (empty roots) in the unha variety of cassava, a disease characterized by poor root development and chlorosis of the leaves. | 2017 | 28082482 |
| tapioca maltodextrin in the production of soft unripened cheese. | an excessive consumption of fat has been associated with an increased risk of health problems such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. cheese is a highly concentrated product which is rich in protein and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus and essential amino acids, therefore it is an important food in the diet. but low fat cheeses are usually characterized as having poor body and flavour. therefore, it is crucial to find ways of improving the acceptability of the product. the ... | 2017 | 28071038 |
| overproduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase confers cassava resistance to tetranychus cinnabarinus. | to explore the role of protective enzymes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) resistance to mites, transgenic cassava lines overproducing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (mecu/znsod) and catalase (mecat1) were used to evaluate and molecularly confirm cassava resistance to tetranychus cinnabarinus. laboratory evaluation demonstrated that, compared with the control cultivar tms60444 (wild type, wt), the survival, reproduction, development and activities of sod and cat in t. cinnabarinus feeding ... | 2017 | 28054665 |
| a socio-scientific analysis of the environmental and health benefits as well as potential risks of cassava production and consumption. | due to its high adaptability, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the world's most cultivated and consumed plants after maize and rice. however, there are relatively few scientific studies on this important crop. the objective of this review was therefore to summarize and discuss the available information on cassava cropping in order to promote sustainable practices in terms of production and consumption. cassava cultivation has been expanding recently at the global scale and is widely ... | 2017 | 28013470 |
| thermomechanical characterization of an amylose-free starch extracted from cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz). | the aim of this study was to determine and compare the melting (tm), glass transition (tg) and mechanical relaxation (tα) temperatures of a new waxy cassava starch. thermal transitions measurements were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (dmta). the experimental data showed a high correlation between water volume fraction and melting temperature (tm) indicating that the flory-huggins theory can be used to describe the thermal behavior of ... | 2017 | 27987895 |
| β-glucans and resistant starch alter the fermentation of recalcitrant fibers in growing pigs. | interactions among dietary ingredients are often assumed non-existent when evaluating the nutritive value and health effects of dietary fiber. specific fibers can distinctly affect digestive processes; therefore, digestibility and fermentability of the complete diet may depend on fiber types present. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of readily fermentable fibers (β-glucans and resistant starch) on the degradation of feed ingredients containing more persistent, recalcitrant, fibers. six s ... | 2016 | 27911928 |
| identification and expression analyses of new potential regulators of xylem development and cambium activity in cassava (manihot esculenta). | we have identified new potential regulators of xylem cell-type determination and cellular proliferation in cassava and studied their expression in roots. results are highly relevant for cassava biotechnology. cassava's root system is composed of two types of root that coexist in every individual: the fibrous and the storage roots. whether a root becomes fibrous or storage depends on the xylem cell types that it develops: fibrous roots develop xylem fibres and vessels while storage roots develop ... | 2017 | 27900471 |
| the inhibition effect of starch nanoparticles on tyrosinase activity and its mechanism. | the objective of the current research was to investigate the effects of starch nanoparticles (snps) prepared from waxy maize, potato, normal corn, and tapioca starches on the activity of tyrosinase. as a main polyphenol oxidase, tyrosinase not only induces fruit and vegetable browning but also causes skin diseases by overproducing melanin. herein, for the first time, we evaluated the inhibitory kinetics of snps on tyrosinase. it turned out that snps inhibited tyrosinase activity reversibly. the ... | 2016 | 27872930 |
| potential of tannin-rich plants, leucaena leucocephala, glyricidia sepium and manihot esculenta, to reduce enteric methane emissions in sheep. | an in vivo trial was conducted in sheep to investigate the effect of three tropical tannin-rich plants (trp) on methane emission, intake and digestibility. the trp used were leaves of glyricidia sepium, leucaena leucocephala and manihot esculenta that contained, respectively, 39, 75 and 92 g condensed tannins/kg dm. methane was determined with the sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique. eight rumen-cannulated sheep of two breeds (four texel, four blackbelly) were used in two 4 × 4 latin square de ... | 2016 | 27870287 |
| the erf transcription factor family in cassava: genome-wide characterization and expression analyses against drought stress. | cassava (manihot esculenta) shows strong tolerance to drought stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this tolerance are poorly understood. ethylene response factor (erf) family genes play a crucial role in plants responding to abiotic stress. currently, less information is known regarding the erf family in cassava. herein, 147 erf genes were characterized from cassava based on the complete genome data, which was further supported by phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and conserved mo ... | 2016 | 27869212 |
| determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in byproduct feed ingredients fed to growing pigs. | an experiment was conducted to determine digestible energy (de) and metabolizable energy (me) of different byproduct feed ingredients fed to growing pigs, and to generate prediction equations for the de and me in feed ingredients. | 2017 | 27857027 |
| effect of genotype and genotype by environment interaction on total cyanide content, fresh root, and starch yield in farmer-preferred cassava landraces in tanzania. | high starch yield is the most important trait for commercialized cassava starch production. furthermore, cyanide present in cassava roots poses a health challenge in the use of cassava for food. cassava genotypes have varying maturity periods that are also environmental dependent. this study aimed at identifying suitable cultivars and optimum time of harvest to maximize starch production across three environments. the study found significant difference between genotypes, locations, harvest perio ... | 2016 | 27826428 |
| new accuracy estimators for genomic selection with application in a cassava (manihot esculenta) breeding program. | genomic selection is the main force driving applied breeding programs and accuracy is the main measure for evaluating its efficiency. the traditional estimator (te) of experimental accuracy is not fully adequate. this study proposes and evaluates the performance and efficiency of two new accuracy estimators, called regularized estimator (re) and hybrid estimator (he), which were applied to a practical cassava breeding program and also to simulated data. the simulation study considered two indivi ... | 2016 | 27808382 |
| in vitro assessment of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of boiled juice (tucupi) from manihot esculenta crantz roots. | the population of pará (a state in brazil) has a very characteristic food culture, as a majority of the carbohydrates consumed are obtained from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) derivatives. tucupi is the boiled juice of cassava roots that plays a major role in the culinary footprint of pará. before boiling, this juice is known as manipueira and contains linamarin, a toxic glycoside that can decompose to hydrogen cyanide. in this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tucupi on cultured ... | 2016 | 27808379 |
| new lupan-type triterpenoids. | three new lupan-type triterpernoid derivatives, namely globimetulin a (1), b (2) and c (3), were isolated from the shoot of globimetula dinklagei (loranthaceae), a hemiparasitic plant growing on manihot esculenta, along with five known compounds: friedelin (4), friedelan-3-ol (5), 28-hydroxyfriedelin (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7) and (1r,5s,7s)-7-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one (8). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analy ... | 2016 | 27626765 |
| diallel analysis of provitamin a carotenoid and dry matter content in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | global efforts are underway to biofortify cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) with provitamin a carotenoids to help combat dietary vitamin a deficiency afflicting the health of more than 500 million resource-poor people in sub-saharan africa. to further the biofortification initiative in uganda, a 6×6 diallel analysis was conducted to estimate combining ability of six provitamin a clones and gene actions controlling total carotenoid content (tcc), dry matter content (dmc) in cassava roots and oth ... | 2016 | 27795688 |
| eleven years of breeding efforts to combat cassava brown streak disease. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) production is currently under threat from cassava brown streak disease (cbsd), a disease that is among the seven most serious obstacles to world's food security. three issues are of significance for cbsd. firstly, the virus associated with cbsd, has co-evolved with cassava outside its center of origin for at least 90 years. secondly, that for the last 74 years, cbsd was only limited to the low lands. thirdly, that most research has largely focused on cbsd epide ... | 2016 | 27795681 |
| rooting for cassava: insights into photosynthesis and associated physiology as a route to improve yield potential. | contents 50 i. 50 ii. 52 iii. 54 iv. 55 v. 57 vi. 57 vii. 59 60 references 61 summary: as a consequence of an increase in world population, food demand is expected to grow by up to 110% in the next 30-35 yr. the population of sub-saharan africa is projected to increase by > 120%. in this region, cassava (manihot esculenta) is the second most important source of calories and contributes c. 30% of the daily calorie requirements per person. despite its importance, the average yield of cassava in af ... | 2017 | 27778353 |
| genetic diversity in cassava landraces grown on farms in alta floresta-mt, brazil. | brazil is considered one of the domestication centers of cassava (manihot esculenta), containing a large part of the biological diversity and traditional knowledge of the species. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cassava landraces grown by farmers in the north of mato grosso state, brazil, using inter simple sequence repeat (issr) molecular markers. the study was carried out in the municipality of alta floresta, mt, on farms located in two rural areas. sevent ... | 2016 | 27706696 |
| marker-based estimates reveal significant non-additive effects in clonally propagated cassava (manihot esculenta): implications for the prediction of total genetic value and the selection of varieties. | in clonally propagated crops, non-additive genetic effects can be effectively exploited by the identification of superior genetic individuals as varieties. cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop that feeds hundreds of millions. we quantified the amount and nature of non-additive genetic variation for three key traits in a breeding population of cassava from sub-saharan africa using additive and non-additive genome-wide marker-based relationship matrices. we ... | 2016 | 27587297 |
| genome-wide identification of cassava r2r3 myb family genes related to abscission zone separation after environmental-stress-induced abscission. | cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) resist environmental stresses by shedding leaves in leaf pulvinus abscission zones (azs), thus leading to adaptation to new environmental conditions. little is known about the roles of cassava r2r3 myb factors in regulating az separation. herein, 166 cassava r2r3 myb genes were identified. evolutionary analysis indicated that the 166 r2r3 myb genes could be divided into 11 subfamilies. transcriptome analysis indicated that 26 r2r3 myb genes were expresse ... | 2016 | 27573926 |
| evaluating imputation algorithms for low-depth genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) data. | well-powered genomic studies require genome-wide marker coverage across many individuals. for non-model species with few genomic resources, high-throughput sequencing (hts) methods, such as genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs), offer an inexpensive alternative to array-based genotyping. although affordable, datasets derived from hts methods suffer from sequencing error, alignment errors, and missing data, all of which introduce noise and uncertainty to variant discovery and genotype calling. under suc ... | 2016 | 27537694 |
| resilience of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) to salinity: implications for food security in low-lying regions. | rising sea levels are threatening agricultural production in coastal regions due to inundation and contamination of groundwater. the development of more salt-tolerant crops is essential. cassava is an important staple, particularly among poor subsistence farmers. its tolerance to drought and elevated temperatures make it highly suitable for meeting global food demands in the face of climate change, but its ability to tolerate salt is unknown. cassava stores nitrogen in the form of cyanogenic glu ... | 2016 | 27506218 |
| cassava traits and end-user preference: relating traits to consumer liking, sensory perception, and genetics. | breeding efforts have focused on improving agronomic traits of the cassava plant however little research has been done to enhance the crop palatability. this review investigates the links between cassava traits and end-user preference in relation with sensory characteristics. the main trait is starch and its composition related to the textural properties of the food. pectin degradation during cooking resulted in increased mealiness. nutritional components such as carotenoids made the cassava yel ... | 2016 | 27494196 |
| exposure to various abscission-promoting treatments suggests substantial erf subfamily transcription factors involvement in the regulation of cassava leaf abscission. | cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) have obvious abscission zone (az) structures in their leaf pulvinus-petioles. cassava leaf abscission can be triggered by either 17 days of water-deficit stress or 4 days of ethylene treatment. to date, little is known about cassava ap2/erf factors, and less is known regarding their roles in regulating abscission zone development. | 2016 | 27488048 |
| interspecies and intraspecies analysis of trehalose contents and the biosynthesis pathway gene family reveals crucial roles of trehalose in osmotic-stress tolerance in cassava. | trehalose is a nonreducing α,α-1,1-disaccharide in a wide range of organisms, and has diverse biological functions that range from serving as an energy source to acting as a protective/signal sugar. however, significant amounts of trehalose have rarely been detected in higher plants, and the function of trehalose in the drought-tolerant crop cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is unclear. we measured soluble sugar concentrations of nine plant species with differing levels of drought tolerance and ... | 2016 | 27420056 |
| application of amylomaltase for the synthesis of salicin-α-glucosides as efficient anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agents. | the focus of this study was the synthesis of α-glucosyl derivatives of salicin by a transglucosylation reaction. the reaction was catalyzed by recombinant amylomaltase using tapioca starch as a glucosyl donor. several reaction parameters, such as the enzyme-substrate concentrations, ph, temperature and incubation time, were optimized. using the optimum conditions, at least three products with retention times (rt) of 6.2, 9.2 and 14.1 were observed. the maximum yield of glucosylated salicin deriv ... | 2016 | 27394039 |
| changing dietary habits among akwen xerente. | the research aimed to identify the current feed of xerente people in indian villages porteira and funil in the city of tocantinia / to. it was used a qualitative ethnographic approach. conducted from september 2013 to august 2014. the data were presented in a diary, through participant observation of food practices with the guidance of a script. a process of dietary change that permeates the culture of this people is taking place. factors such as the deficit in the planting gardens, the recent a ... | 2016 | 27384282 |
| amazonian foods and implications for human biology. | diets of subsistence-based amazonian populations have been linked to local resources, but are changing with market penetration. | 2016 | 27337942 |
| performances and haematological profile of broilers fed fermented dried cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | the effect of feeding fermented dried cassava (gathot) on the performances and haematological profile of broilers was investigated. there were four dietary treatments arranged in a completely randomized design, i.e. control diet and diets containing 25, 50 or 100 g/kg gathot. the birds were provided with the treatment diets ad libitum from 8 to 35 days of age. body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (fcr) were determined weekly. at day 32, the birds were blood sampled, sacrificed and ... | 2016 | 27307279 |
| natural variation in expression of genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage root. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage root provides a staple food source for millions of people worldwide. increasing the carotenoid content in storage root of cassava could provide improved nutritional and health benefits. because carotenoid accumulation has been associated with storage root color, this study characterized carotenoid profiles, and abundance of key transcripts associated with carotenoid biosynthesis, from 23 landraces of cassava storage root ranging in color from white-to-y ... | 2016 | 27286876 |
| analysis of octenylsuccinate rice and tapioca starches: distribution of octenylsuccinic anhydride groups in starch granules. | characterization of the fine structure of octenylsuccinic anhydride (osa) starch would lead to a better understanding of functional properties. osa rice and tapioca starches were analyzed using microscopy, liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. chain length distribution of amylopectin changed significantly (p<0.05) after osa esterification. weight averaged degree of polymerization (dpw) decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 16.47 to 13.29 and from 14.87 to 12.47 in native and osa ... | 2016 | 27283674 |
| interactive effects of temperature and drought on cassava growth and toxicity: implications for food security? | cassava is an important dietary component for over 1 billion people, and its ability to yield under drought has led to it being promoted as an important crop for food security under climate change. despite its known photosynthetic plasticity in response to temperature, little is known about how temperature affects plant toxicity or about interactions between temperature and drought, which is important because cassava tissues contain high levels of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, a major health and ... | 2016 | 27252148 |
| mineral and phytate contents of some prepared popular ghanaian foods. | prepared ghanaian traditional foods, mostly consist of starchy staples such as yams (dioscorea spp.), cassava (manihot esculenta), millet (pennisetum glaucum), maize (zea mays) and rice (oryza sativa) etc. these traditional foods are a main source of energy and macronutrients. little or no information however exist on the mineral and phytate contents of prepared traditional ghanaian foods. the mineral and phytate contents of twenty commonly eaten ghanaian foods, prepared using popular recipes we ... | 2016 | 27247878 |
| toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration: biochemical changes in stored cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots. | food losses can occur during production, postharvest, and processing stages in the supply chain. with the onset of worldwide food shortages, interest in reducing postharvest losses in cassava has been increasing. in this research, the main goal was to evaluate biochemical changes and identify the metabolites involved in the deterioration of cassava roots. we found that high levels of ascorbic acid (asa), polyphenol oxidase (ppo), dry matter, and proteins are correlated with overall lower rates o ... | 2016 | 27247771 |
| validation of reference genes for relative quantitative gene expression studies in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by using quantitative real-time pcr. | reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time pcr, also referred to as quantitative rt-pcr or rt-qpcr) is a highly sensitive and high-throughput method used to study gene expression. despite the numerous advantages of rt-qpcr, its accuracy is strongly influenced by the stability of internal reference genes used for normalizations. to date, few studies on the identification of reference genes have been performed on cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). therefore, ... | 2016 | 27242878 |
| biological implications in cassava for the production of amylose-free starch: impact on root yield and related traits. | cassava (manihot esculenta, crantz) is an important food security crop, but it is becoming an important raw material for different industrial applications. cassava is the second most important source of starch worldwide. novel starch properties are of interest to the starch industry, and one them is the recently identified amylose-free (waxy) cassava starch. waxy mutants have been found in different crops and have been often associated with a yield penalty. there are ongoing efforts to develop c ... | 2016 | 27242813 |
| [a rare cause of optic neuropathy: cassava]. | cassava root is a staple food for almost 500 million people worldwide. excessive consumption of it is a rare cause of optic neuropathy. | 2016 | 27236340 |
| modified dietary fiber from cassava pulp and assessment of mercury bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake using an in vitro digestion/caco-2 model system. | the ability of modified dietary fiber (mdf) generated from cassava pulp to modulate the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption of heavy metals may be helpful to mitigate health risk associated with select foods including select fish high in methyl mercury. using a coupled in vitro digestion/caco-2 human intestinal cell model, the reduction of fish mercury bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake by mdf was investiaged. mdf was prepared from cassava pulp, a byproduct of tapioca production. the ... | 2016 | 27220052 |
| development of retrotransposon-based markers irap and remap for cassava (manihot esculenta). | retrotransposons are abundant in the genomes of plants. in the present study, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (irap) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (remap) markers were developed for the cassava genome (manihot esculenta crantz). four cassava cultivars (fécula branca, ipr-união, olho junto, and tamboara, two samples per cultivar) were used to obtain irap and remap fingerprints. twelve designed primers were amplified alone and in combinations. the 42 irap/r ... | 2016 | 27173210 |
| optimization of durum wheat bread from a selenium-rich cultivar fortified with bran. | in this work the effect of bran addition (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, 30 %) on sensory, nutritional and mechanical properties of bread made from a durum wheat semolina enriched with selenium (cultivar pr22d89) was addressed; traditional and whole-meal bread from the same cultivar pr22d89, without any further bran addition, were also investigated for comparative purpose. in order to improve the durum wheat functional bread, different structuring agents (agar agar, gellan gum, guar seed flour, hy ... | 2016 | 27162413 |
| evaluation of antioxidant activity of manihot esculenta crantz in wistar rats. | the study aimed to explore the antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaf extract of manihot esculenta crantz leaves (mec) in wistar rats. | 2017 | 27134463 |
| domestication syndrome is investigated by proteomic analysis between cultivated cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) and its wild relatives. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) wild relatives remain a largely untapped potential for genetic improvement. however, the domestication syndrome phenomena from wild species to cultivated cassava remain poorly understood. the analysis of leaf anatomy and photosynthetic activity showed significantly different between cassava cultivars sc205, sc8 and wild relative m. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia (w14). the dry matter, starch and amylose contents in the storage roots of cassava cultivars were sign ... | 2016 | 27023871 |
| characterization and physiological effect of tapioca maltodextrin colloid plasma expander in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model. | plasma expanders (pes) are administered fluids to replace blood volume when massive blood loss has occured. maltodextrin from tapioca starch was selected as a study candidate to prepare a colloid pe due to an uncomplicated production process. the formulations of mixture between tapioca maltodextrin and 0.9 % sodium chloride solution were prepared and then characterized. this was to investigate the effects of a dextrose equivalent (de) and the concentration on the physical properties. storage sta ... | 2016 | 27015687 |
| comparative proteome analysis of the tuberous roots of six cassava (manihot esculenta) varieties reveals proteins related to phenotypic traits. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a staple food and an important source of starch, and the attributes of its tuberous root largely depend on the variety. the proteome of cassava has been investigated; however, to date, no study has focused on varieties that reveal the molecular basis of phenotypical characteristics. therefore, we aimed to compare the proteome of the tuberous roots of six cassava varieties that differed in carbohydrates, carotenoids, and resistance to diseases, among other at ... | 2016 | 26982619 |
| characteristics of wet distillers grains on in vitro ruminal fermentation and its effects on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing hanwoo steers. | two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient composition, in vitro ruminal ammonia concentrations and ph of wet distillers grains (wdg, produced from tapioca 70% and rice 30%) and to evaluate dietary effects of fermented total mixed ration (tmr) using wdg on the performance, blood metabolites and carcass characteristics of hanwoo steers from mid fattening to slaughter. in exp. i, average dry matter (dm), crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid de ... | 2016 | 26949954 |
| classification and use of natural and anthropogenic soils by indigenous communities of the upper amazon region of colombia. | outsiders often oversimplify amazon soil use by assuming that abundantly available natural soils are poorly suited to agriculture and that sporadic anthropogenic soils are agriculturally productive. local perceptions about the potentials and limitations of soils probably differ, but information on these perceptions is scarce. we therefore examined how four indigenous communities in the middle caquetá river region in the colombian amazon classify and use natural and anthropogenic soils. the study ... | 2017 | 26924875 |
| effects of waxy rice and tapioca starches on the physicochemical and sensory properties of white sauces enriched with functional fibre. | this study was conducted to examine the physicochemical and sensory properties of gluten-free white sauces (wss) prepared with waxy rice starch (wrs) or tapioca starch (ts) and high amylose maize starch (hams) as the source of resistance starch rs2 type. herschel-bulkley model (h-b) was successfully used to describe the flow behavior of wss. temperature had a notable effect on the derived from h-b relation parameters and the arrhenius equation was applied to describe changes in consistency. the ... | 2016 | 26920263 |
| transgenic rice expressing a cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) plasma membrane gene mepmp3-2 exhibits enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses. | plasma membrane proteolipid 3 (pmp3) is a class of small hydrophobic proteins found in many organisms including higher plants. some plant pmp3 genes have been shown to respond to abiotic stresses and to participate in the processes of plant stress tolerance. in this study, we isolated the cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) mepmp3-2 gene and functionally characterized its role in tolerance to abiotic stress by expressing it in rice (oryza sativa l.). mepmp3-2 encodes a 77-amino acid protein belon ... | 2016 | 26909954 |
| comparative petiole anatomy of cassava (manihot) species. | in this study, we describe the petiole anatomy of six wild cassava (manihot) species, one hybrid, and two cultivars of manihot esculenta, in order to identify their dominant anatomical patterns and relate them to possible adaptations to abiotic factors in the cerrado biome. the median parts of several petiole samples were transversally and longitudinally sectioned and stained. the results include data for the taxonomic classification of the genus, including distinctive anatomical characteristics ... | 2016 | 26909917 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the wrky gene family in cassava. | the wrky family, a large family of transcription factors (tfs) found in higher plants, plays central roles in many aspects of physiological processes and adaption to environment. however, little information is available regarding the wrky family in cassava (manihot esculenta). in the present study, 85 wrky genes were identified from the cassava genome and classified into three groups according to conserved wrky domains and zinc-finger structure. conserved motif analysis showed that all of the id ... | 2016 | 26904033 |
| data supporting the role of enzymes and polysaccharides during cassava postharvest physiological deterioration. | this data article is referred to the research article entitled the role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration by uarrota et al. (2015). food chemistry 197, part a, 737-746. the stress duo to ppd of cassava roots leads to the formation of ros which are extremely harmful and accelerates cassava spoiling. to prevent or alleviate injuries from ros, plants have evolved antioxidant sys ... | 2016 | 26900596 |
| reactive oxygen species regulate leaf pulvinus abscission zone cell separation in response to water-deficit stress in cassava. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) plant resists water-deficit stress by shedding leaves leading to adaptive water-deficit condition. transcriptomic, physiological, cellular, molecular, metabolic, and transgenic methods were used to study the mechanism of cassava abscission zone (az) cell separation under water-deficit stress. microscopic observation indicated that az cell separation initiated at the later stages during water-deficit stress. transcriptome profiling of az suggested that different ... | 2016 | 26899473 |
| characters related to higher starch accumulation in cassava storage roots. | cassava (manihot esculenta) is valued mainly for high content starch in its roots. our understanding of mechanisms promoting high starch accumulation in the roots is, however, still very limited. two field-grown cassava cultivars, huanan 124(h124) with low root starch and fuxuan 01(f01) with high root starch, were characterised comparatively at four main growth stages. changes in key sugars in the leaves, stems and roots seemed not to be strongly associated with the final amount of starch accumu ... | 2016 | 26892156 |
| plant poisoning in thailand: a 10-year analysis from ramathibodi poison center. | plant poisoning is not uncommon in thailand. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence, type, clinical manifestations, severity and outcomes of plant poisoned patients in thailand over a 10-year period. we retrospectively reviewed data from the ramathibodi poison center toxic exposure surveillance system for 2001-2010. a total of 2,901 poisonous plant exposure cases were identified, comprising 3.1% of the 92,392 poison cases recorded during the study period. this was the fifth m ... | 2015 | 26867365 |
| high-resolution identification and abundance profiling of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) micrornas. | small rnas (srnas) are endogenous srnas that play regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. in plants, one subset of srnas, micrornas (mirnas) exhibit tissue-differential expression and regulate gene expression mainly through direct cleavage of mrna or indirectly via production of secondary phased sirnas (phasirnas) that silence cognate target transcripts in trans. | 2016 | 26822616 |
| unveiling the micronome of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | micrornas (mirnas) are an important class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded small rnas (21-24 nt in length), which serve as post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression in plants. despite the economic importance of manihot esculenta crantz (cassava) only 153 putative cassava mirnas (from multiple germplasm) are available to date in mirbase (version 21), and identification of a number of mirnas from the cassava est database have been limited to comparisons with arabidopsis. ... | 2016 | 26799216 |
| a geographic distribution database of the neotropical cassava whitefly complex (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) and their associated parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (hymenoptera). | whiteflies (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) are represented by more than 1,500 herbivorous species around the world. some of them are notorious pests of cassava (manihot esculenta), a primary food crop in the tropics. particularly destructive is a complex of neotropical cassava whiteflies whose distribution remains restricted to their native range. despite their importance, neither their distribution, nor that of their associated parasitoids, is well documented. this paper therefore reports observationa ... | 2015 | 26798295 |
| production of a protein-rich extruded snack base using tapioca starch, sorghum flour and casein. | a protein-rich puffed snack was produced using a twin screw extruder and the effects of varying levels of tapioca starch (11 to 40 parts), rennet casein (6 to 20 parts) and sorghum flour (25 to 75 parts) on physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of the product studied. an increasing level of sorghum flour resulted in a decreasing whiteness (hunter l* value) of the snack. although the starch also generally tended to make the product increasingly darker, both starch and casein showed r ... | 2016 | 26787933 |
| inversion induced manihot esculenta stem tubers express key tuberization genes; mec1, rzf, susy1 and pin2. | cassava (m. esculenta) gives rise to unique underground stem tubers when stem cuttings are planted in an inverted orientation. the nutritional profile of the stem and root tubers were similar except for protein content which was higher in stem than in root tubers. rt-pcr revealed that several key genes (mec1, rzf, susy1 and pin2) involved in root tuberization were also expressed in these stem tubers. at five weeks post planting, these genes were expressed in roots and underground stems as in the ... | 2016 | 26785907 |
| contribution of hippocampal area ca1 to acetone cyanohydrin-induced loss of motor coordination in rats. | some vegetable foodstuffs contain toxic compounds that, when consumed, favour the development of certain diseases. cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important food source, but it contains cyanogenic glucosides (linamarin and lotaustralin) that have been associated with the development of tropical ataxic neuropathy and konzo. in rats, intraperitoneal administration of acetone cyanohydrin (a metabolite of linamarin) produces neurological disorders and neuronal damage in the hippocampus. how ... | 2017 | 26774413 |
| diversity, physicochemical and technological characterization of elite cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivars of bantè, a district of central benin. | cassava is one of the staple food crops contributing significantly to food and nutrition security in benin. this study aimed to assess the diversity of the elite cassava cultivars of bantè district, determine the physicochemical properties of the most preferred ones as well as the sensory attributes of their major derived products (gari and tapioca), and compare them with the farmers' and processors' perception on their technological qualities. the ethnobotanical investigation revealed existence ... | 2015 | 26693522 |
| uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (manihot esculenta crantz). | in this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern brazil by uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. cassava roots rich in β-carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin a deficiency. cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin a activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence ... | 2015 | 26673931 |
| risk assessment of gene flow from genetically engineered virus resistant cassava to wild relatives in africa: an expert panel report. | the probability and consequences of gene flow to wild relatives is typically considered in the environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered crops. this is a report from a discussion by a group of experts who used a problem formulation approach to consider existing information for risk assessment of gene flow from cassava (manihot esculenta) genetically engineered for virus resistance to the 'wild' (naturalized) relative m. glaziovii in east africa. two environmental harms were conside ... | 2016 | 26667472 |
| the role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration. | this study aimed to investigate the role of ascorbate peroxidase (apx), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx), polysaccharides, and protein contents associated with the early events of postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) in cassava roots. increases in apx and gpx activity, as well as total protein contents occurred from 3 to 5 days of storage and were correlated with the delay of ppd. cassava samples stained with periodic acid-schiff (pas) highlighted the presence of starch and cellulose. degradat ... | 2016 | 26617011 |
| uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (manihot esculenta crantz). | in this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern brazil by uv-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. cassava roots rich in β-carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin a deficiency. cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin a activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence ... | 2015 | 29215981 |
| tapioca starch blended alginate mucoadhesive-floating beads for intragastric delivery of metoprolol tartrate. | the objective of the study was to develop tapioca starch blended alginate mucoadhesive-floating beads for the intragastric delivery of metoprolol tartrate (mt). the beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as crosslinker and gas forming calcium carbonate (caco3) as floating inducer. the alginate gel beads having 51-58% entrapped mt showed 90% release within 45 min in gastric medium (ph 1.2). tapioca starch blending markedly improved the entrapment efficiency (88%) ... | 2016 | 26592698 |
| cassava root membrane proteome reveals activities during storage root maturation. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important crops of thailand. its storage roots are used as food, feed, starch production, and be the important source for biofuel and biodegradable plastic production. despite the importance of cassava storage roots, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their formation. this present study has focused on comparison of the expression profiles of cassava root proteome at various developmental stages using two-dimensional gel electrop ... | 2016 | 26547558 |
| transition from somatic embryo to friable embryogenic callus in cassava: dynamic changes in cellular structure, physiological status, and gene expression profiles. | friable embryogenic callus (fec) is considered as the most suitable material for efficient genetic transformation of cassava. heavy genotype dependence of fec induction and amenability to somaclonal variation limits the production and maintenance of reliable fec. identifying key elements involved in biological processes from somatic embryos (ses) to fec at different stages provides critical insights for fec improvement. cytological observation showed a dramatic change of subcellular structures a ... | 2015 | 26500668 |
| the metabolic effects of consumption of yellow cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) on some biochemical parameters in experimental rats. | the metabolism of yellow cassava (variety tms 01/1368) was investigated in male albino rats fed a diet containing yellow cassava for 7 to 28 days. there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in total and free cyanide and thiocyanate in the sera and urine samples of the experimental rats compared with the control, significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum glucose, alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels of the experimental rats compared with the con ... | 2015 | 26467190 |
| tracking crop varieties using genotyping-by-sequencing markers: a case study using cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). | accurate identification of crop cultivars is crucial in assessing the impact of crop improvement research outputs. two commonly used identification approaches, elicitation of variety names from farmer interviews and morphological plant descriptors, have inherent uncertainty levels. genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) was used in a case study as an alternative method to track released varieties in farmers' fields, using cassava, a clonally propagated root crop widely grown in the tropics, and often di ... | 2015 | 26395668 |
| somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) landraces from cameroon. | a procedure to regenerate cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivars from cameroon via somatic embryogenesis (se) was developed. shoot apical meristems and immature leaf lobes were used as explants on murashige and skoog (ms) basal medium containing 33 or 50 µm of the auxins picloram (pic), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), dicamba (dic), and α-naphthalene acetic acid. cultivar performance was assessed using se and number of somatic embryos produced. overall, the frequency of primary som ... | 2015 | 26361578 |
| physical localization of molecular markers and assignment of the 15th linkage group to chromosome 11 of the karyotype in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) by primed in situ labeling. | physical localization of molecular markers and assignment of the 15th linkage group to chromosome 11 of the karyotype in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) were achieved using primed in situ labeling. amplified signals for both the est507-1 and ssry13-5 markers were consistently observed in different stages of cell division. a comparison of the length, arm ratio, and other morphological characteristics of somatic metaphase chromosomes in karyotype analysis indicated that the est507-1 and ssry13- ... | 2015 | 26345763 |
| effect of starch-beeswax coatings on quality parameters of blackberries (rubus spp.). | there is increased interest in berry fruits due to health benefits, and maintenance of fruit quality for longer periods of time has been a priority. we previously found that starch based coatings applied on raspberries was associated to volatile compounds production due to anoxic conditions. the objective of this work was to design more hydrophobic coatings with reduced thickness. a starch-beeswax dispersion containing 2 % (w/v) modified tapioca starch added with either 0.5 or 1.0 % (w/v) beeswa ... | 2015 | 26344973 |
| meristem micropropagation of cassava (manihot esculenta) evokes genome-wide changes in dna methylation. | there is great interest in the phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic changes associated with plant in vitro culture known as somaclonal variation. in vitro propagation systems that are based on the use of microcuttings or meristem cultures are considered analogous to clonal cuttings and so widely viewed to be largely free from such somaclonal effects. in this study, we surveyed for epigenetic changes during propagation by meristem culture and by field cuttings in five cassava (manihot esculenta) cu ... | 2015 | 26322052 |
| chemical composition, digestibility and emulsification properties of octenyl succinic esters of various starches. | octenyl succinate starches are commonly used as emulsifiers and texturizing agents in many food-systems. rice, tapioca, corn, wheat and potato starches were modified with octenyl succinic anhydride (osa) at 3% level. structural characterization, molecular weight, starch digestibility and physical properties of starch granule stabilized emulsions were studied for modified starches. modified potato (0.022) and wheat (0.018) starches had the highest and lowest degrees of osa substitution, respectiv ... | 2015 | 28454971 |
| genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) evaluated using issr markers. | molecular markers are efficient for assessing the genetic fidelity of various species of plants after in vitro culture. in this study, we evaluated the genetic fidelity and variability of micropropagated cassava plants (manihot esculenta crantz) using inter-simple sequence repeat markers. twenty-two cassava accessions from the embrapa cassava & fruits germplasm bank were used. for each accession, dna was extracted from a plant maintained in the field and from 3 plants grown in vitro. for dna amp ... | 2015 | 26214457 |
| soluble dextrin fibers alter the intestinal microbiota and reduce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in male il-10-deficient mice. | prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth and activity of the gut microbiota. interleukin 10-deficient (il-10(-/-)) mice develop a colitis that is influenced by the gut microbial composition. | 2015 | 26180249 |