| gene encoding the group b streptococcal protein r4, its presence in clinical reference laboratory isolates & r4 protein pepsin sensitivity. | r proteins were first identified by lancefield in group b streptococcus (gbs) as resistant to trypsin at ph8 and sensitive to pepsin at ph2. the r4 protein found predominantly in type iii and some type ii and v invasive isolates conforms to these criteria. the rib protein, although structurally and epidemiologically similar to r4, was reported as resistant to both proteases. we report here the gene encoding the r4 protein from a type iii group b streptococcal isolate (76-043) well characterized ... | 2004 | 15232198 |
| detection of group b streptococci (gbs) in vaginal swabs using real-time pcr with taqman probe hybridization. | implementation of a screening based strategy for the prevention of perinatal group b streptococcus (gbs) disease is anticipated to increase the demand of fast laboratory techniques. the aim of the present study was to develop a real-time pcr method for the specific detection of gbs in vaginal swabs. | 2004 | 15232199 |
| clinical diagnosis of group b streptococci by scpb gene based pcr. | the goal of the present study was to improve and simplify the diagnosis of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) infection for routine clinical practice. | 2004 | 15232202 |
| monocytes stimulated with group b streptococci or interferons release tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. | tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) is a cytotoxic member of the tnf family. some reports have shown that trail is released from cells in a soluble form. in this work, we have investigated the mechanism of release of trail from monocytes. first, we show that whole gram-positive, gram-negative and mycoplasmal bacteria as well as lipopolysaccharide (lps), interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha), -beta and -gamma all induced upregulation of trail on the surface of human mono ... | 2004 | 15238075 |
| serotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant group b streptococci in korea. | among 78 erythromycin-resistant group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates from korea, ermb was detected in 58 (74.4%), mefa was detected in 14 (17.9%), and ermtr was detected in 6 (7.7%). the most prevalent serotypes of erythromycin-resistant gbs were v (detected in 34 isolates [43.6%]) and iii (detected in 33 isolates [42.3%]). all serotype v erythromycin-resistant gbs harbored the ermb gene. | 2004 | 15243101 |
| trends in sepsis-related neonatal mortality in the united states, 1985-1998. | in the united states, bacterial sepsis affects up to 32,000 live births annually. in the 1990s, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap) was recommended to prevent maternal-infant transmission of group b streptococcus (gbs), a leading cause of sepsis occurring in the first week of life (early onset sepsis). since iap has been used, early onset gbs disease declined 70%; however, increased antibiotic use associated with iap might lead to more severe or antimicrobial resistant etiologies of sepsis. ... | 2004 | 15247595 |
| postmortem findings in term neonates. | neonatal deaths in infants born at term are relatively rare in the usa, occurring in 0.9/1000 live births. congenital malformations, perinatal asphyxia, infections and inborn errors of metabolism are the leading causes. chromosomal malformation syndromes, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia and severe neural tube defects comprise the majority of lethal malformations. several skeletal dysplasias are lethal in the newborn infant. group b streptococcus still plays a major role in neonata ... | 2004 | 15251146 |
| laboratory detection of group b streptococcus for prevention of perinatal disease. | group b streptococcus (gbs) or streptococcus agalactiae emerged in the 1970s as the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. today, gbs remains one of the leading causes of sepsis and meningitis in newborns despite important prevention efforts, including the issuance of recommendations for prevention of perinatal gbs disease by the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, the centers for disease control and prevention, and the american academy of pediatrics in 1996/1997. th ... | 2004 | 15258832 |
| discovery and characterization of sialic acid o-acetylation in group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of human neonatal sepsis and meningitis. the gbs capsular polysaccharide is a major virulence factor and the active principle of vaccines in phase ii trials. all gbs capsules have a terminal alpha 2-3-linked sialic acid [n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac)], which interferes with complement-mediated killing. we show here that some of the neu5ac residues of the gbs type iii capsule are o-acetylated at carbon position 7, 8, or 9, a major modification e ... | 2004 | 15263085 |
| vaccines for other neonatal infections: neonatal bcg vaccination against tuberculosis. | this section focuses on current progress in the use of vaccines against a range of other infectious agents, both bacterial (pertussis, pneumococcus and group b streptococcus) and mycobacterial (bacille calmette-guérin) to prevent neonatal infection. | 2004 | 15270636 |
| vaccines for other neonatal infections: are group b streptococcal infections vaccine-preventable? | preliminary studies suggest that a pentavalent group b streptococcus conjugate vaccine, given in a single dose at 32-34 weeks gestation, would prevent approximately 90% of early and late onset neonatal and most postpartum maternal group b streptococcus infections. | 2004 | 15270637 |
| vaccines for other neonatal infections: vaccination strategies for the prevention of neonatal pertussis. | current progress in the use of vaccines against a range of infectious agents, both bacterial (pertussis, pneumococcus and group b streptococcus) and mycobacterial (bacille calmette-guérin), to prevent neonatal infection are reviewed by professors gilbert, britton and mcintyre and dr peter richmond. | 2004 | 15270638 |
| adherence to, invasion by, and cytokine production in response to serotype viii group b streptococci. | the adherence to and invasion of the human epithelial cell line a549 by group b streptococcus (gbs) serotype viii strains were compared with those of serotype iii strains by a conventional method and the dynamic in vitro attachment and invasion system. twenty gbs strains, including nine vaginal isolates and one invasive isolate each of serotypes iii and viii, were used in the conventional attachment and invasion assay. adherence to and invasion of a549 cells by serotype viii gbs strains were sig ... | 2004 | 15271933 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide synthase exacerbates group b streptococcus sepsis and arthritis in mice. | the role of nitric oxide in group b streptococcus (gbs) infection was evaluated by inhibiting its production with aminoguanidine (ag). ag-treated mice displayed higher mortality rates and more frequent and severe arthritis than controls. worsening of arthritis correlated with a higher number of gbs cells in the joints and local interleukin-1 beta production. | 2004 | 15271956 |
| diagnosis and management of bacterial infections in the neonate. | perinatally acquired bacterial neonatal sepsis is a low-incidence,high-risk disease. although incidence of the most common etiology,group b streptococcus, has been reduced by prophylactic strategies,neonatal sepsis has not been eradicated, and vigilance must remain high. accurate diagnosis is difficult: signs and symptoms are hard to distinguish from other causes of neonatal distress, and definitive diagnostic tests are not available. the clinician must make a judgment call, considering the peri ... | 2004 | 15275982 |
| [serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus agalactiae]. | streptococcus agalactiae or group b streptococcus, gbs, is the leading cause of neonatal and maternal infections and an opportunistic pathogen in adults with underlying disease. in the last decade, a dramatic increase in the resistance of this microorganism to erythromycin and clindamycin has been observed. | 2004 | 15279140 |
| the international infections in pregnancy study: group b streptococcal colonization in pregnant women. | heavy colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) has been associated with increased risk of preterm birth and neonatal sepsis; the burden of neonatal gbs disease varies geographically. to determine whether variation in heavy colonization and gbs serotypes could contribute to geographic differences in disease burden, we assessed the prevalence of heavy colonization and the distribution of serotypes in asymptomatic pregnant women in multiple countries. | 2004 | 15280136 |
| [diagnostic image (196). a newborn with fever and a swollen finger]. | a 5-day-old girl was presented with monoarthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the right fourth digit, without signs of septic illness or meningitis, due to group b streptococcus agalactiae. | 2004 | 15283025 |
| use of microbial cultures and antibiotics in the prevention of infection-associated preterm birth. | the purpose of this study was to summarize recent evidence regarding infection-associated preterm birth and to make appropriate recommendations. antepartum treatment of lower genital tract infection or bacterial colonization has been found to reduce the incidence of preterm birth in the case of asymptomatic bacteriuria and bacterial vaginosis in selected patients but has been proved to be ineffective for vaginal colonization with organisms such as ureaplasma urealyticum and group b streptococcus ... | 2004 | 15284720 |
| group b streptococcal spondylodiscitis in adults: 2 case reports. | streptococcus agalactiae, or group b streptococcus (gbs), has been traditionally considered an infrequent etiologic agent of disease in adults except for urinary tract infection in pregnant women. attention has recently been drawn to other adult infections caused by gbs such as skin and soft tissue infections, bacteriemias, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, and bone and joint infections. we present two adult patients with gbs spondylodiscitis and review 30 cases of gbs spinal inf ... | 2004 | 15288862 |
| group b streptococcus endogenous endophthalmitis presenting as septic arthritis and a homonymous hemianopsia due to embolic stroke. | to report a case of group b streptococcus (gbs) endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient presenting with septic arthritis and a homonymous hemianopsia due to embolic stroke. | 2004 | 15289147 |
| level of maternal igg anti-group b streptococcus type iii antibody correlated with protection of neonates against early-onset disease caused by this pathogen. | the present study estimates the level of maternal immunoglobulin (ig) g anti-group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii required to protect neonates against early-onset disease (eod) caused by this pathogen. levels of maternal serum igg anti-gbs type iii, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in 26 case patients (neonates with eod caused by gbs type iii) and 143 matched control subjects (neonates colonized by gbs type iii who did not develop eod) of > or = 34 weeks gestation were compared. th ... | 2004 | 15295698 |
| increased sensitivity of a latex agglutination method for serotyping group b streptococcus. | | 2004 | 15297565 |
| prevalence of group b streptococcus colonization and potential for transmission by casual contact in healthy young men and women. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes disease in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with underlying medical conditions, but it is also a commensal organism that commonly colonizes the bowel. in this study, the prevalence of colonization was high among 241 women (34%) and 211 men (20%) living in a college dormitory; sexually experienced subjects had twice the colonization rates of sexually inexperienced participants. other predictors of colonization varied by colonization site. only 10 of the 142 ... | 2004 | 15307006 |
| [prevalence of streptococcus algalactiae serotype iii in pregnant women]. | group b streptococcus, or streptococcus agalactiae, is a grampositive coccus related to infections in the mother and the newborn during peri and postnatal period. | 2004 | 15310102 |
| early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal infection in london: 1990-1999. | to identify the incidence of early-onset group b streptococcal infection and to describe the antecedent maternal risk factors, in order to provide data to inform the design of interventional strategies that could be introduced in the uk to reduce the burden of this infection. | 2004 | 15327618 |
| streptococcus group b (gbs)--characteristic, occurrence in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. | group b streptococcus causes infections in woman during pregnancy and confinement, perinatal infections in newborns related to mothers carrier-state and in adults, mostly in the elderly, with one or more predisposing to infections conditions. diabetes mellitus is the most common underlying condition. the aim of the study was to determine the frequency of gbs occurrence and gbs antibiotic susceptibility in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. in years 2000--2002 occurrence of g ... | 2004 | 15330262 |
| bacterial polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. | following demonstration that chemical conjugation of polysaccharide antigens to proteins could enhance their immunogenicity in the 1920s, interest in this approach to primary prevention of bacterial infections waned with the development and widespread use of antibiotics. emergence of resistant bacteria rekindled interest in the late 20th century, which saw extremely rapid development and implementation of several vaccines which are already rapidly changing the epidemiology of childhood infection ... | 2004 | 15339854 |
| serotypes and clinical manifestations of invasive group b streptococcal infections in western sweden 1998-2001. | this study monitored the serotypes of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus; gbs) isolated from invasive infections in western sweden and investigated possible relationships between serotype, age and clinical manifestations. invasive gbs isolates were collected prospectively during 1998-2001 at six laboratories, covering two counties with a population of 1.8 million, and were serotyped by coagglutination. clinical data were obtained from hospital notes. in total, 161 invasive strains ( ... | 2004 | 15355409 |
| macrorestriction analysis of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) isolates from malaysia. | streptococcus agalactiae or group b streptococci (gbs) often colonize the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of women, who may transmit these organisms to their offspring during the birth process. using pfge analysis, the genetic diversity of gbs was studied for strains isolated from pregnant women and their newborn infants in a teaching hospital. a total of 48 different pfge profiles were obtained from 123 strains, with one profile (s1) appearing to be predominant among both groups studied. ... | 2004 | 15358821 |
| comparison of two culture media and three sampling techniques for sensitive and rapid screening of vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus in pregnant women. | the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) recommend universal screening of all pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation for group b streptococci (gbs) by use of a selective broth medium. recent reports suggest that granada medium can be used for rapid and direct visual identification of gbs colonies. however, studies comparing the granada medium method to the selective broth method are few, and while some report comparable sensitivities, others have found significant differ ... | 2004 | 15364978 |
| maternal colonisation with group b streptococcus and effectiveness of a culture-based protocol to prevent early-onset neonatal sepsis. | this study was conducted to find out the group b streptococcus colonisation of pregnant women in kocaeli, turkey. a culture plus individualised high-risk-based antibiotic prophylaxis was compared with high-risk-based approach alone. the screening of women was performed via vaginal and anal cultures for group b streptococcus (gbs). the maternal gbs colonisation rate was found to be 6.5%. all colonised women or preterm labours with unavailable culture results until delivery received prophylactic a ... | 2004 | 15372844 |
| evaluation of a real-time fluorescent pcr assay for rapid detection of group b streptococci in neonatal blood. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus: gbs) is the major causative agent of neonatal sepsis. neonates at risk for gbs infections are empirically administered broad-spectrum antibiotics for at least 48 h pending blood culture results. a rapid assay to expedite detection of gbs would facilitate initiation of specific antibiotic therapy. conversely, expeditious proof of absence of infection will avoid unnecessary antibiotic use. using the lightcycler, we evaluated a hybridization probe po ... | 2004 | 15380273 |
| sword and shield: linked group b streptococcal beta-hemolysin/cytolysin and carotenoid pigment function to subvert host phagocyte defense. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis in neonates and has been found to persist inside host phagocytic cells. the pore-forming gbs beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (betah/c) encoded by cyle is an important virulence factor as demonstrated in several in vivo models. interestingly, cyle deletion results not only in the loss of betah/c activity, but also in the loss of a carotenoid pigment of unknown function. in this study, we sought to define the mechanism( ... | 2004 | 15381763 |
| molecular pathogenesis of neonatal group b streptococcal infection: no longer in its infancy. | the process of human infection by group b streptococcus (gbs) is complex and multifactorial. while this bacterium has adapted well to asymptomatic colonization of adult humans, it remains a potentially devastating pathogen to susceptible infants. advances in molecular techniques and refinement of in vitro and in vivo model systems have elucidated key elements of the pathogenic process, from initial attachment to the maternal vaginal epithelium to penetration of the newborn blood-brain barrier. s ... | 2004 | 15458402 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns of group b streptococcal clinical isolates. | to determine the in vitro resistance of group b streptococcus (gbs) to 12 antibiotics. to determine if there has been any decrease in sensitivity to the penicillins or other antibiotics currently used for gbs chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women. find suitable alternative antibiotics to penicillin. find an antibiotic that will have minimal selective pressure for resistance among the endogenous resident vaginal microflora. | 2004 | 15460188 |
| the prevention of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus infection: technical report from the new zealand gbs consensus working party. | early-onset neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading infectious cause of disease in newborn babies. since intrapartum antibiotics interrupt vertical gbs transmission, this is now a largely preventable public health problem. an important first step is to develop (then implement) nationally, agreed prevention policies. | 2004 | 15475993 |
| low colony counts of asymptomatic group b streptococcus bacteriuria: a survey of practice patterns. | the purpose of this study was to survey expert opinion on the management of low colony counts (< 100,000 colony forming units/ml) of asymptomatic group b streptococcus (gbs) bacteriuria discovered in the first trimester. a survey was sent to the 241 senior obstetricians affiliated with each of the obstetrics and gynecology training programs in the united states on july 10, 2002. surveys received by the deadline (september 1, 2002) were included in the dataset. eighty-five completed surveys were ... | 2004 | 15476131 |
| significance, management and prevention of streptococcus agalactiae infection during the perinatal period. | the highest annual death rate during the first five decades of life occurs in the first year, particularly during the perinatal period between the onset of labor and 72 h after birth. invasive bacterial disease evoking the severe inflammatory response syndrome is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) is the most important pathogen in this period of life, although the concept of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis has impressively ... | 2004 | 15482207 |
| pattern of culture-proven neonatal sepsis in a district general hospital in the united kingdom. | to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with the first culture-proven episode of sepsis among neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). | 2004 | 15484801 |
| multicenter study of a rapid molecular-based assay for the diagnosis of group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women. | current prevention of infection due to group b streptococcus (gbs) involves giving intrapartum antibiotics to women on the basis of either antenatal culture colonization status or presence of risk factors. | 2004 | 15486835 |
| neonatal & maternal group b streptococcal infections: a comprehensive review. | group b streptococcus is an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. the last two decades have seen intensified efforts in the western hemisphere in the prevention of this devastating infection by identifying and treating pregnant women who carry group b streptococci or who are at highest risk of transmitting the organism to newborns. the intrapartum use of antibiotics in these women has led unequivocally to a decrease in the rate of neonatal g ... | 2004 | 15489551 |
| acute flaccid paralysis due to myelopathy in childhood bacterial meningitis. | spinal cord damage is a rare neurological complication of bacterial meningitis. from 1988 to 2001, three of 186 pediatric patients with acute bacterial meningitis presented with acute flaccid paralysis due to myelopathy. the disease-onset ages and causative pathogens of the three patients were 2 days (group b streptococcus), 3 months (streptococcus pneumoniae), and 13 years (neisseria meningitidis), respectively. spinal mr imaging was normal in the 13-year-old patient, who was left with mild res ... | 2004 | 15493735 |
| serotype iii streptococcus agalactiae from bovine milk and human neonatal infections. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) causes invasive human infections and bovine mastitis. this study examined the genetic relationship between bovine and human serotype iii gbs by using molecular techniques that classify human serotype iii gbs into four distinct phylogenetic lineages. bovine serotype iii gbs were largely contained in two lineages, which are distinct from the two major lineages (restriction digest types iii-2 and iii-3) that infect human neonates. one of the bo ... | 2004 | 15496242 |
| glucuronoxylomannan, the major capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans, inhibits the progression of group b streptococcal arthritis. | glucuronoxylomannan (gxm), the principal constituent of the cryptococcus neoformans capsule, modulates the inflammatory response of human monocytes in vitro. here we examine the efficacy of gxm as a novel anti-inflammatory compound for use against experimental septic arthritis. arthritis was induced in mice by the intravenous injection of 8 x 10(6) cfu of type iv group b streptococcus (gbs). gxm was administered intravenously in different doses (50, 100, or 200 microg/mouse) 1 day before and 1 d ... | 2004 | 15501766 |
| dexamethasone decreases neurological sequelae and caspase activity. | to evaluate the use of dexamethasone in a model of meningitis-induced brain injury. changes in neurobehavioral performance were the primary outcome variables. changes in caspase activation and markers of neuronal injury were the secondary outcome variables. | 2005 | 15502933 |
| antibiotic susceptibility in neonatal invasive isolates of streptococcus agalactiae in a 2-year nationwide surveillance study in germany. | the antimicrobial susceptibility of 296 invasive neonatal group b streptococcus isolates from a nationwide 2-year surveillance study in germany was investigated. all isolates were susceptible to beta-lactams, linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and vancomycin. erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was found in 10.1 and 5.7%, respectively. the ermb, ermtr, or mefa gene was detected in all but one of the erythromycin-resistant isolates. | 2004 | 15504878 |
| obstetricians' compliance with cdc guidelines on maternal screening and intrapartum prophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | how obstetricians' opinions regarding universal screening of pregnant woman for group b streptococcus and their attitude regarding chemoprophylaxis vary from the centres for disease control (cdc) guidelines were studied, and the physician characteristics that predict divergent opinions were determined. five hundred and eighty-two obstetricians in the flanders region of belgium were contacted by a postal survey. ordinal logistic regression was used to assess obstetricians' characteristics that pr ... | 2000 | 15512626 |
| vaginal yeast colonization in nonpregnant women: a longitudinal study. | we sought to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for vaginal yeast colonization over a 1-year period. | 2004 | 15516380 |
| antigenic determinants of alpha-like proteins of streptococcus agalactiae. | the majority of group b streptococcus (gbs) isolates express one or more of a family of surface-anchored proteins that vary by strain and that form ladder-like patterns on western blotting due to large repeat units. these proteins, which are important as gbs serotype markers and as inducers of protective antibodies, include the alpha c (calpha) and r4 proteins and the recently described alpha-like protein 2 (alp2), encoded by alp2, and alp3, encoded by alp3. in this study, we examined antigenic ... | 2004 | 15539502 |
| latex agglutination for bacterial antigens and meningococcus pcr: two useful tools in legal sudden deaths. | bacterial infections are considered to be a major cause of sudden deaths. the recognition of infections caused by neisseria meningitidis is an essential duty of medicolegal offices due to the risk of secondary cases. since other microorganisms, such as haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, are also involved in infectious sudden deaths, the identification of the pathogen responsible for death is essential in order to establish a positive diagnosis while also preventing secondary me ... | 2005 | 15541586 |
| covs/covr of group b streptococcus: a two-component global regulatory system involved in virulence. | in this study, we carried out a detailed structural and functional analysis of a streptococcus agalactiae (gbs) two-component system which is orthologous to the covs/covr (csrs/csrr) regulatory system of streptococcus pyogenes. in gbs, covr and covs are part of a seven gene operon transcribed from two promoters that are not regulated by covr. a deltacovsr mutant was found to display dramatic phenotypic changes such as increased haemolytic activity and reduced camp activity on blood agar. adheren ... | 2004 | 15554966 |
| [the trend of childhood bacterial meningitis in japan (2000-2002)]. | we surveyed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics between july 2000 and december 2002 in japan and obtained the following results.: the number of cases of bacterial meningitis was 316 (182 boys and 134 girls), which was equivalent to 1.1-1.7 children out of 1,000 hospitalized those in pediatrics per year. the age-distribution for the infections was the highest under 1 year of age and it decreased as the age increased. haemophilus influenzae was the most common pathogen causing t ... | 2004 | 15560378 |
| group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). | streptococcus agalactiae typically induces serious infections in pregnant women and newborns. nonpregnant adult patients can also be infected and mortality rate exceeds 40%. capd peritonitis is very rarely induced by s. agalactiae. seven cases have been described previously and all had a very severe course, which included bacteremia, septic shock and death. a 27-year-old male with end-stage renal disease due to membranoprolipherative glomerulonephritis type i, who was on capd for 17 months, was ... | 2004 | 15571187 |
| prolonged fetal bradycardia as the presenting clinical sign in streptococcus agalactiae chorioamnionitis. | group b streptococcus remains a leading infectious cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. we report a case of a 37 weeks' gestation infant with severe birth asphyxia, status epilepticus and gbs chorioamnionitis, in which a prolonged fetal bradycardia was the only prenatal clinical sign. | 2004 | 15576278 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae: an old bug with significant maternal-newborn implications. | streptococcus pneumoniae is an uncommon organism identified in neonatal bacteremia, but when it occurs, it has serious implications for both the infant and the mother. despite the similarities in the manifestations between group b streptococcus and s. pneumoniae sepsis, the latter appears to be more virulent and of marked severity, resulting in significant neonatal mortality. in the absence of a routine maternal screening protocol for s. pneumoniae colonization, aggressive newborn management con ... | 2004 | 15580546 |
| prevalence and mechanisms of erythromycin resistance in group a and group b streptococcus: implications for reporting susceptibility results. | increased rates of erythromycin resistance among group b streptococcus (gbs) and group a streptococcus (gas) have been reported. cross-resistance to clindamycin may be present, depending on the mechanism of resistance. we determined the prevalence of macrolide-resistant determinants in gbs and gas isolates to guide the laboratory reporting of erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibility. susceptibilities were determined by the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. inducible and constitu ... | 2004 | 15583291 |
| involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and beta1 integrin in the internalization process to human endothelial cells of group b streptococcus clinical isolates. | the mechanism by which group b streptococcus (gbs) interacts with human cells and disrupts physiological processes is an intriguing area of investigation and continues to unfold. the aim of this study was to investigate the adherence and intracellular viability within endothelial ecv304 cells of gbs serotypes ia, iii and v isolates from patients and asymptomatic carriers. the gbs isolates from patients (gbs-ia 90222-urine, gbs-iii 90356-liquor and gbs-v 90186-blood strains) exhibited a more effi ... | 2005 | 15583842 |
| effects of a nebulized nonoate, dpta/no, on group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets. | nonoates are chemical compounds that are stable as solids but generate nitric oxide (no) in aqueous solutions. when nebulized or instilled intratracheally, nonoates can attenuate pulmonary hypertension in adult animals with lung injury. to assess the effect of a nebulized nonoate, dpta/no, on group b streptococcus (gbs)-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets, we studied 20 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated piglets (4-10 d). they were randomly assigned to receive nebulized place ... | 2004 | 15585676 |
| cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy: epidemiological and microbiological aspects. | the assessment of the association of cervicovaginal infections during pregnancy with preterm (pprom) and term (prom) premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, mid-trimester miscarriage and intrauterine death, and the definition of the risk factors that identify pregnant women who should have a cervicovaginal culture. | 2004 | 15590426 |
| construction and characterization of transposon tnphoz for the identification of genes encoding exported proteins in streptococcus agalactiae. | bacterial virulence often depends on exported proteins. to identify genes encoding exported proteins in the neonatal pathogen, group b streptococcus, the transposon tnphoz was constructed. here, the coding sequence for the secretion-dependent enzyme alkaline phosphatase from enterococcus faecalis was fused to the left terminal repeat of tn917, generating tnphoz. a collection of tnphoz mutants was isolated and the dna flanking the transposon insertion sites was sequenced. sequence data correlated ... | 2004 | 15598541 |
| a history of neonatal group b streptococcus with its related morbidity and mortality rates in the united states. | the history of neonatal sepsis related to early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) emerged in the early 1970s. the neonatal mortality rate was 55% for those neonates with invasive gbs disease. the first adopted guidelines by the medical community to prevent early onset gbs were developed in the 1990s. one year after implementation of the guidelines, the mortality rate dropped to approximately 5%. despite the great accomplishments in reducing the mortality rate, gbs remains the number one cause of ... | 2004 | 15614260 |
| comparison of selective and nonselective enrichment broth media for the detection of vaginal and anorectal colonization with group b streptococcus. | the use of a selective enrichment broth medium has been widely recommended to optimize the recovery of group b streptococci (gbs) from genital and anorectal samples. because selective antibiotic-containing versions of broth media are significantly more expensive than their nonselective parent formulations, we sought to examine whether the use of the nonselective todd-hewitt broth (thb) could accomplish comparable recovery of gbs to the recommended, selective version of this medium (lim broth). d ... | 2005 | 15629223 |
| group b streptococci exposed to rifampin or clindamycin (versus ampicillin or cefotaxime) stimulate reduced production of inflammatory mediators by murine macrophages. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) is an important cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonates, and excessive production of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and nitric oxide (no) causes tissue injury during severe infections. we hypothesized that exposure of gbs to different antimicrobial agents would affect the magnitude of the macrophage inflammatory response to this organism. we stimulated raw 264.7 murine macrophages with a type-ia gbs isolate in the p ... | 2005 | 15635047 |
| polyclonal spread of erythromycin-resistant streptococcus agalactiae in southern taiwan. | resistance to erythromycin is common among streptococcus agalactiae in taiwan, however the genetic relatedness of erythromycin-resistant isolates has not yet been reported. from 1991 to 2001, 629 clinical isolates of s. agalactiae were collected in a medical center at tainan in southern taiwan, of which 189 (30.0%) were resistant to erythromycin. the isolation rate of erythromycin-resistant group b streptococcus (gbs) was stable, irrespective of the clinical sources or study period. among them, ... | 2004 | 15650375 |
| surface proteins of streptococcus agalactiae and related proteins in other bacterial pathogens. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease, including meningitis, in the neonatal period. although prophylactic measures have contributed to a substantial reduction in the number of infections, development of a vaccine remains an important goal. while much work in this field has focused on the s. agalactiae polysaccharide capsule, which is an important virulence factor that elicits protective immunity, surface proteins have received increasi ... | 2005 | 15653821 |
| regulation of virulence by a two-component system in group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is frequently carried in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract as a commensal organism, yet it has the potential to cause life-threatening infection in newborn infants, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic illness. regulation of virulence factor expression may affect whether gbs behaves as an asymptomatic colonizer or an invasive pathogen, but little is known about how such factors are controlled in gbs. we now report the characterization of a gbs locus ... | 2005 | 15659687 |
| antenatal screening and intrapartum management of group b streptococcus in the uk. | | 2005 | 15663417 |
| group b streptococcus endocarditis with endophthalmitis. | | 2005 | 15667032 |
| [perinatal group b streptococcal disease: a review and revised guidelines for prevention]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common inhabitant of the maternal genital and gastrointestinal tracts, and colonizes approximately 20% of pregnant women. about 50% of infants born to colonized women will become colonized at birth. early onset gbs disease affects 5/1000 newborns, and is related to a 5-16% mortality rate and severe morbidity. selective intra-partum chemoprophylaxis can prevent most cases of gbs early-onset disease. in 1996, the federal centers for disease control and prevention ( ... | 2004 | 15669429 |
| the colonization incidence of group b streptococcus in pregnant women and their newborns in istanbul. | this study was designed to determine the incidence of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization in pregnant women and newborns, and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance during delivery. | 2005 | 15693869 |
| serotype distribution and mother-to-baby transmission rate of streptococcus agalactiae among expectant mothers in kuwait. | streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group b streptococcus (gbs), is a formidable pathogen that is commonly responsible for early-onset and late-onset infections with high morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. since this organism is usually acquired via the mother's birth canal during labor, this study investigated the maternal carriage rate, mother-to-baby transmission rate, and the common gbs serotypes found among expectant mothers and their babies in kuwait. | 2005 | 15702324 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis and non-group b streptococcal neonatal sepsis. | to assess the effect of increased use of intravenous penicillin for group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae, gbs) antibiotic prophylaxis on non-gbs neonatal sepsis and antibiotic resistance. | 2005 | 15738028 |
| crystal structure of the n-terminal domain of the group b streptococcus alpha c protein. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis among neonates and an important cause of morbidity among pregnant women and immunocompromised adults. invasive diseases due to gbs are attributed to the ability of the pathogen to translocate across human epithelial surfaces. the alpha c protein (acp) has been identified as an invasin that plays a role in internalization and translocation of gbs across epithelial cells. the soluble n-terminal domain o ... | 2005 | 15753100 |
| rapid detection of group b streptococcus and escherichia coli in amniotic fluid using real-time fluorescent pcr. | to establish reliability and validity of real-time fluorescent pcr for early detection of bacterial invasion of the amniotic cavity. | 2004 | 15763909 |
| prevention of group b streptococcal disease in the newborn. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns. universal screening for gbs among women at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation is more effective than administration of intrapartum antibiotics based on risk factors. lower vaginal and rectal cultures for gbs are collected at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation, and routine dindamycin and erythromycin susceptibility testing is performed in women allergic to penicillin. women with gbs bacteriuria in the current pregnancy an ... | 2005 | 15768620 |
| immune response to a laminin-binding protein (lmb) in group a streptococcal infection. | a laminin-binding protein (lmb) similar to that of group b streptococcus is conserved in group a streptococcus (gas) and has a role in adhesion of gas to epithelial cells. the role of this protein is yet to be clarified in disease process and thus, it is important to know its role in binding of gas to laminin and the immunogenic response against it in patients related with gas infection. | 2005 | 15771700 |
| virulence role of group b streptococcus beta-hemolysin/cytolysin in a neonatal rabbit model of early-onset pulmonary infection. | we examined the virulence role of group b streptococcus (gbs) beta-hemolysin/cytolysin (beta h/c) in a neonatal-rabbit model of gbs pulmonary infection. rabbits infected intratracheally with wild-type (wt) gbs developed focal pneumonia and, by 18 h after infection, had 100-fold more bacteria in lung tissue than did rabbits infected with a delta beta h/c mutant. mortality (40% vs. 0%), development of bacteremia, and mean bacterial blood counts were all significantly higher in the rabbits challeng ... | 2005 | 15776375 |
| structural elucidation of type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide using molecular dynamics simulations: the role of sialic acid. | the conformational properties of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) from group b streptococcus serotype iii (gbs iii) are derived from 50 ns explicitly solvated molecular dynamics simulations of a 25-residue fragment of the cps. the results from the simulations are shown to be consistent with experimental nmr homo- and heteronuclear j-coupling and noe data for both the sialylated native cps and for the chemically desialylated polysaccharide. a helical structure is predicted with a diameter of 29. ... | 2005 | 15780265 |
| escherichia coli k1 polysialic acid o-acetyltransferase gene, neuo, and the mechanism of capsule form variation involving a mobile contingency locus. | potential o-acetylation of the sialic acid residues of escherichia coli k1, groups w-135, y, and c meningococci, and group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharides modifies their immunogenicity and susceptibility to glycosidases. despite the biological importance of o-acetylation, no sialic or polysialic acid o-acetyltransferase has been identified in any system. here we show that the e. coli k1 o-acetyltransferase encoded by neuo is genetically linked to the endo-neuraminidase tail protein gene ... | 2005 | 15809431 |
| neonatal neurological disorders involving the brainstem: neurosonographic approaches through the squamous suture and the foramen magnum. | brainstem damage which often indicates a critical condition is usually underestimated by trans-anterior-fontanel neurosonography (ns) owing to the far-field limitations. instead, ns alternately scanning through the squamous suture of the temporal bones and the foramen magnum could provide a better visualization of the brainstem structures. the ns characteristics of brainstem lesions caused by various neonatal neurological disorders, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (hie), metabolic enceph ... | 2005 | 15809827 |
| respiration metabolism of group b streptococcus is activated by environmental haem and quinone and contributes to virulence. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a common constituent of the vaginal microflora, but its transmission to newborns can cause life-threatening sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis. energy metabolism of this opportunist pathogen has been deduced to be strictly fermentative. we discovered that gbs undergoes respiration metabolism if its environment supplies two essential respiratory components: quinone and haem. respiration metabolism led to significant changes in growth characteristics, including a doubl ... | 2005 | 15813741 |
| isolated pulmonic valve endocarditis. | a 61-year-old man with no known cardiac history presented with septic arthritis of the right knee secondary to group b streptococcus. during follow-up, echocardiography revealed a 1.8 cm x 1.2 cm mobile vegetation on the pulmonary valve. despite parenteral antimicrobial therapy, the patient developed recurrent pulmonary emboli with enlargement of the vegetative mass, necessitating surgical debridement and replacement of the pulmonary valve. a diagnosis of pulmonic valve endocarditis should be co ... | 2005 | 15838565 |
| nitric oxide is a key determinant of group b streptococcus-induced murine macrophage apoptosis. | group b streptococcus (gbs; streptococcus agalactiae) induces apoptosis of macrophages, and this may be an important mechanism gbs uses to suppress immune responses. the mechanisms whereby gbs induces apoptosis have not been identified. we studied gbs infection in murine macrophage-like j774a.1 cells and analyzed gene expression before apoptosis. tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha , interleukin (il)-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) gene expression coincided with apoptosis. inhibition ... | 2005 | 15838805 |
| genital tract shedding of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women: effects of hormonal contraception, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal group b streptococcus colonization. | genital infections due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) are characterized by frequent reactivation and shedding of the virus and by the attendant risk of transmission to sexual partners. we investigated the effects of vaginal coinfections and hormonal contraceptive use on genital tract shedding of hsv-2 in women. | 2005 | 15844064 |
| [abdominal aortic-iliac thrombosis as a complication of newborn's bacterial sepsis]. | a case of group b streptococcus sepsis is reported in a male newborn with a renal vascular hypertension. an abdominal doppler examination revealed aortic thrombosis extending from renal to the common iliac arteries. prolonged broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and fibrinolytic treatment combined with surgical thrombectomy were used, at last obtaining improvement of general patient condition. the infant's hypertension resolved and reperfusion of the right kidney and urine output resumed. ultrasoun ... | 2005 | 15844568 |
| structural and genetic diversity of group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharides. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important pathogen of neonates, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. gbs isolates associated with human infection produce one of nine antigenically distinct capsular polysaccharides which are thought to play a key role in virulence. a comparison of gbs polysaccharide structures of all nine known gbs serotypes together with the predicted amino acid sequences of the proteins that direct their synthesis suggests that the evolution of serotype-specific ... | 2005 | 15845517 |
| no increase in rates of early-onset neonatal sepsis by antibiotic-resistant group b streptococcus in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. | the aim of this study was to assess the rate of early-onset neonatal sepsis by antibiotic-resistant group b streptococcus. | 2005 | 15846197 |
| is a change in the vaginal flora associated with an increased risk of preterm birth? | the purpose of this study was to determine if a change in the vaginal flora was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, and to determine if metronidazole therapy before 32 weeks increased the risk of preterm birth. | 2005 | 15846235 |
| inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension/ hypoxic respiratory failure in neonates: an update. | persistent pulmonary hypertension (pphn) and subsequent hypoxic respiratory failure is seen in association with numerous diseases and conditions in the neonate. this includes infections such as group b streptococcus, meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal asphyxia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart disease, and as an idiopathic phenomenon. conventional therapy of persistent pulmonary hypertension is discussed, as well as integrated with current treatment modalities such as surfa ... | 2005 | 15853181 |
| maternal carriage and neonatal colonisation of group b streptococcus in eastern turkey: prevalence, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance. | our object is to determine the prevalence of group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage among pregnant women, the neonatal colonisation rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility to formulate a policy for treatment and prevention regarding perinatal gbs diseases in eastern turkey. a total of 150 pregnant women were screened for gbs colonisation. samples were collected from the vagina and the rectum of pregnant women, and the ear canal, throat and umbilicus of the neonates of colonised mothers. antimicr ... | 2005 | 15853861 |
| neonatal group b streptococcus sepsis after negative screen in a patient taking oral antibiotics. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by appropriate prenatal screening and intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. | 2005 | 15863602 |
| early-onset group b streptococcal disease in the era of maternal screening. | with the widespread implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap), the rate of early-onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) has decreased dramatically, especially in term infants. however, cases of gbs disease continue to occur despite iap and incur significant morbidity and mortality. inaccurate screening results, improper implementation of iap, or antibiotic failure all may contribute to persistent disease. | 2005 | 15867030 |
| role of lipoteichoic acid in the phagocyte response to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs) cell walls potently activate phagocytes by a largely tlr2-independent mechanism. in contrast, the cell wall component lipoteichoic acid (lta) from diverse gram-positive bacterial species has been shown to engage tlr2. in this study we examined the role of lta from gbs in phagocyte activation and the requirements for tlr-lta interaction. using cells from knockout mice and genetic complementation in epithelial cells we found that highly pure lta from both gbs and staphy ... | 2005 | 15879147 |
| vaccination against group b streptococcus. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is an important cause of disease in infants, pregnant women, the elderly and in immunosuppressed adults. an effective vaccine is likely to prevent the majority of infant disease (both early and late onset), as well as group b streptococcus-related stillbirths and prematurity, to avoid the current real and theoretical limitations of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and to be cost effective. the optimal time to administer such a vaccine would be ... | 2005 | 15889994 |
| inter-species genetic movement may blur the epidemiology of streptococcal diseases in endemic regions. | streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (human group g streptococcus, ggs) is generally regarded as a commensal organism but can cause a spectrum of human diseases very similar to that caused by s. pyogenes (group a streptococcus, gas). lateral acquisition of genes between these two phylogenetically closely related species is well documented. however, the extent and mechanisms of lateral acquisitions is not known. we report here genomic subtraction between a pathogenic ggs isolate and a co ... | 2005 | 15893492 |
| comparison of early-onset neonatal sepsis caused by escherichia coli and group b streptococcus. | the purpose of this study was to compare maternal characteristics and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates that are associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis that is caused by group b streptococcus and escherichia coli. | 2005 | 15902130 |
| [severe streptococcus agalactiae infection of the diabetic foot. a deleterious role of streptococcus agalactiae?]. | screening strategies among pregnant women have decreased the incidence of group b streptococcus, which causes severe neonatal infections. the incidence of these infections has increased among diabetic patients, however. | 2005 | 15903000 |
| management of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: an audit. how do the results compare with clinical practice guidelines? | preterm prelabour rupture of membranes is a common clinical event. it is associated with infection in approximately 50% of cases. clinical practice guidelines have been developed at the royal women's hospital, melbourne, australia for investigation and management of this condition. | 2005 | 15904444 |
| the srta sortase of streptococcus agalactiae is required for cell wall anchoring of proteins containing the lpxtg motif, for adhesion to epithelial cells, and for colonization of the mouse intestine. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) is the leading cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. an in silico genome analysis indicated that gbs strain nem316 encodes 35 proteins containing an lpxtg motif which are thought to be covalently linked to the peptidoglycan by an enzyme called sortase. the role of these cell wall-anchored proteins in gbs pathogenesis was evaluated on a global level by inactivating the srta gene. this gene encodes the major sortase srta that an ... | 2005 | 15908360 |